# Name of muscle origin insertion innervation function

Anterior axioappendicular muscles

1 Pectoralis major - Clavicular head: Lateral lip of inter- Medial and Flexion, adduction, and
anterior surface of tubercular sulcus of lateral medial rotation of arm at
medial half of clavicle humerus. pectoral glenohumeral joint.
- sternocostal head: nerves.
anterior surface of
sternum;
first seven costal
cartilages.
Pectoralis minor Anterior surfaces and Coracoid process of Medial Pulls tip of shoulder down
superior borders of ribs scapula. pectoral protracts scapula.
2 III to V. nerve.
Subclavius First rib at junction Subclavius groove. Nerve to - Pulls tip of shoulder
between rib and costal subclavius. down
3 cartilage. - pulls clavicle medially to
stabilize sternoclavicular
joint.
Serratus anterior External surfaces of Anterior surface of Long thoracic - Protracts scapula and
lateral parts of 1st-8th medial border of nerve (C5, C6, holds it against thoracic
4 ribs scapula C7) wall
Injury of the - rotates scapula.
long thoracic
nerve cause
winged
scapula.
Superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles
Trapezius - Medial third of Lateral third of Spinal - Descending part elevates
superior nuchal line clavicle accessory ascending part depresses
- external occipital acromion nerve (motor and middle part (or all
5 protuberance and spine of fibers) and parts together) retracts
- nuchal ligament scapula C3, C4 spinal scapula
- spinous processes of nerves. - descending and
C7-T12 vertebrae. ascending parts act
together to rotate glenoid
cavity superiorly
6 Latissimus dorsi - Spinous processes of Floor of Thoracodorsal Extends, adducts, and
inferior 6 thoracic intertubercular nerve medially rotates humerus.
vertebrae sulcus of humerus. App: Breast
- thoracolumbar fascia reconstruction and
- iliac crest Cardiomyoplasty.
- inferior 3 or 4 ribs
Deep posterior axioappendicular muscles
Levator scapulae Posterior tubercles of Medial border of Dorsal Elevates scapula and tilts
transverse processes of scapula superior to scapular and its glenoid cavity inferiorly
7 C1-C4 vertebrae. root of scapular cervical by rotating scapula.
spine. nerves.
Rhomboid minor nuchal ligament smooth triangular
8 area at medial end
of scapular spine. Dorsal - Retract scapula and
Rhomboid major spinous processes of T2- medial border of scapular rotate it to depress
9 T5 vertebrae. scapula from level nerve. glenoid cavity
of spine to inferior - fix scapula to thoracic
angle. wall.
 Scapulohumeral muscles
10 Deltoid Lateral third of clavicle; Deltoid tuberosity Clavicular (anterior) part:
acromion and spine of of humerus. flexes and medially
scapula. Axillary nerve. rotates arm
Acromial (middle) part:
abducts arm Spinal
(posterior) part: extends
and laterally rotates arm
Supraspinatus Supraspinous fossa of Superior facet of - Initiates and assists
11 (Part of rotator cuff scapula. greater tubercle of deltoid in abduction of
muscles) humerus Suprascapular arm
nerve - acts with rotator cuff
muscles.
12 Infraspinatus Infraspinous fossa of Middle facet of - Laterally rotates arm
(Part of rotator cuff scapula. greater tubercle of - acts with rotator cuff
muscles) humerus. muscles.
13 Teres minor Middle part of lateral Inferior facet of Axillary nerve.
(Part of rotator cuff border of scapula. greater tubercle of
muscles) humerus.
Subscapularis Subscapular fossa. Lesser tubercle of Upper and - Medially rotates arm
14 (Part of rotator cuff humerus. lower - as part of rotator cuff,
muscles) subscapular helps hold head of
nerves. humerus in glenoid cavity
15 Teres major Posterior surface of Medial lip of Lower Adducts and medially
inferior angle of scapula. intertubercular subscapular rotates arm.
sulcus of humerus. nerve.
Anterior compartment of arm
Biceps brachii - Short head: tip of Tuberosity of - Supinates forearm and,
coracoid process of radius and fascia of when it is supine, flexes
scapula forearm via forearm.
16 Long head: supraglenoid bicipital - short head resists
tubercle of scapula. aponeurosis dislocation of shoulder
Coracobrachialis Tip of coracoid process Middle third of Musculocutan - Helps flex and adduct
17 of scapula. medial surface of eous nerve. arm
humerus. - resists dislocation of
shoulder.
18 Brachialis Distal half of anterior Coronoid process Flexes forearm in all
surface of humerus. and tuberosity positions
ulna.
Posterior compartment of arm
Triceps brachii - Long head: Proximal end of - Chief extensor of
infraglenoid tubercle of olecranon of ulna forearm; - long head
scapula. and fascia of resists dislocation of
- Lateral head: posterior forearm. humerus especially
18 surface of humerus, important during
superior to radial groove adduction.
- Medial head: posterior
surface of humerus,
inferior to radial groove. Radial nerve.
Anconeus Lateral epicondyle of Lateral surface of - Assists triceps in
19 humerus. olecranon and extending forearm
superior part of - stabilizes elbow joint;
posterior surface of may abduct ulna during
ulna. pronation.