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M.SC .-Botany

The M.Sc. Botany curriculum covers topics such as plant classification, biology of fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes. It examines common plant diseases caused by pathogens and their impacts. Coursework also includes the structure and reproduction of algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. Additional topics are plant anatomy, physiology, genetics, ecology, and methods of environmental analysis and tissue culture.

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153 views2 pages

M.SC .-Botany

The M.Sc. Botany curriculum covers topics such as plant classification, biology of fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes. It examines common plant diseases caused by pathogens and their impacts. Coursework also includes the structure and reproduction of algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. Additional topics are plant anatomy, physiology, genetics, ecology, and methods of environmental analysis and tissue culture.

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al shifaislahi
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Faculty of Life Sciences

M.Sc. Botany

The living world; biological classification; plant kingdom : Characteristics and


classification of viroids, viruses, bacteria and fungi, host-virus interaction, Reproduction
in fungi and bacteria.

Nematodes : Elementary idea of nematodes; diseases caused by nemotodes (Ear


cockle of wheat, root knot of okra).

Diseases : General account of diseases caused by plant pathogens in including viruses


(tobacco mosaic virus), bacteria (citrus canker), phytoplasma (little leaf of brinjal), fungi
(late blight of potato, stem rust of wheat, green-ear disease of bajra, white rust of
crucifers, powdery mildews of cucurbits, red rot of sugarcane).

Algae : Characteristics and classification; structure and reproduction of Nostoc,


Chlamydomonas, Volvox, Vaucheria, Chara, Batrachospermum, Ectocarpus; economic
importance.

Bryophytes : Characteristics and classification; structure and reproduction of Riccia,


Marchantia, Anthoceros, Funaria; economic importance.

Pteriodophytes : Characteristics and classification, structure and reproduction of


Psilotum, Lycopodium, Selaginella, Equisetum. Telome theory, evolution, heterospory
and seed habit.

Gynnosperms : Characteristics and classification, structure and reproduction of Cycas,


Pinus and Ephedra.

Angiosperms : Bentham and Hooker’s system of classification: Diagnostic features of


Ranunculaceae, Papaveraceae, Caryophyllaceae, Rutaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Apiaceae,
Rubiaceae, Apocynaceae, Solanaceae, Acanthaceae, Lamiaceae, Euphorbiaceae,
Arecaceae, Poaceae.

Anatomy : Anatomy of root, stem and leaf of dicots and monocots. Secondary growth.

Cell : Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, structure and functions, cell cycle and cell
division (amitotic, mitotic and meiotic cell divisions).

Physiology : Plant water relations; mineral nutrition; photosynthesis; translocation of


food material; respiration; nitrogen and nucleic acid metabolism; growth and
development.
Reproduction : Asexual and sexual reproduction; structure and functions of flower,
microsporogensis, megasporogensis, fertilization, development of embryo, endosperm
and seed; apomixes.

Genetics and Plant breeding: Mendel’s principles of inheritance, gene interactions,


quantitative genetics, cytoplasmic inheritance. Composition and roles of different forms
of nucleic acids; DNA replication, transcription, translation, techniques of hybridization
and emasculation, suction method of emasculation, hot water emasculation, bagging,
tagging, pollination. Physical and chemical mutagens, gamma garden, polyploidy.

Ecology : Organisms and environment, population, biotic community and succession;


ecosystem – structure and function; natural resources and biodiversity and their
conservation.

Anomalous Plant Anatomy : Scattered vascular bundles in dicots (Podophyllum),


vascular bundles in a ring in monocots (Triticum), Separate xylem and phleum bundles,
Dorsiventral, unifacial and isobilateral leaves. Kranz anatomy.

Methods of Environmental Analysis : Cell fractionation (Homogenization and


centrifugation), Analysis of water : Colour, odour, turbidity, dissolved oxygen.

Experiments in Cytology and Genetics : Flower bud fixation; preparation of slides.


Test cross methods-monohybrid cross, dihybrid cross.

Introduction to Environment : Environmental issues (species invasion, biodiversity,


urbanization), control of environmental degradation (Phytoremediation, hot spot
concept). Air, water, soil, noise and radioactive pollutions.

Tissue Culture and Plant Biotechnology : Cellular totipotency, callus and cell
suspension culture, anther and pollen culture, micropropagation; organogenesis,
application in crop improvement, synthetic seeds and their applications; somatic
hybridization; somaclonal variation; cryopreservation. Applications of plant
biotechnology. Whites medium (1983), preparation of stock solution, sterilization
methods, types of culture (Leaf, shoot, nodal Segment, callus, cell suspension cultures).

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