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How Society Is Organized Groups Within Society

This document summarizes how society is organized. It discusses that social groups form based on interdependence between members to pursue shared goals. Primary groups are small and intimate, like family, while secondary groups are larger and less personal. In-groups are those one identifies with, while out-groups are those one does not belong to. Reference groups influence individuals' behavior. Social institutions like family, education, religion, government, and economy provide structure to society through established relationships and norms.

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katrinajen ferrer
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69 views5 pages

How Society Is Organized Groups Within Society

This document summarizes how society is organized. It discusses that social groups form based on interdependence between members to pursue shared goals. Primary groups are small and intimate, like family, while secondary groups are larger and less personal. In-groups are those one identifies with, while out-groups are those one does not belong to. Reference groups influence individuals' behavior. Social institutions like family, education, religion, government, and economy provide structure to society through established relationships and norms.

Uploaded by

katrinajen ferrer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ORGANIZING SOCIETY

HOW SOCIETY IS ORGANIZED


Groups within Society 
Social group is a collection of individuals who  have relations with one another that
make  them interdependent to some significant  degree. 
Interdependence is a necessary condition  that exists within social groups because it
is  what enables its members to pursue shared goals or promote common value and 
principles.

Primary and Secondary Groups 

Primary group is a small, intimate, and less  specialized group. 


Family, close friends, work-related peers,  classmates, and church groups.

Secondary groups are larger, less intimate,  and more specialized groups where
members  engage in an impersonal and objective-oriented relationships for a limited 
time.

In-groups and Out-groups 


Another relevant approach in understanding  the characteristics of social groups is the 
self-categorization theory

Self-categorization theory proposes that  people’s appreciation of their group 


membership is influenced by their perception  towards people who are not members of
their  groups.
Self-categorization theory also asserts that  human beings are and are able to act as
both  individual persons and social groups. 

In-group is a group which one belongs and  with which one feels a sense of identity.
Out-group is a group to which one does not  belong to and to which he or she may feel
a  sense of competitiveness and hostility

Reference Groups 
Reference group is a group to which an  individual compares himself or herself. Such 
groups strongly influence an individual’s  behavior. 
Examples are Primary groups and in-groups.

Networks 
Network refers to the structure of relationships between social actors or groups.  These
are interconnections, ties, and linkages  between people, groups,and larger social 
institutions to which they all belong to,

SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
Social Institutions 
-Refer to organized set of elements such as  beliefs, rules, practices, and relationships
that  exist to attai social order.
-Also refers to the well-established and  structured relationships between groups of 
people that are considered fundamental  components of society’s culture.
-The elements of social institutions are defined  by various perspectives: 
1. Institutional approach 
2. Relational approach

Social Institutions 
Institutional Approach
-Tells us that social institutions are ordered  sets of rules, norms, beliefs, or values that 
organize human behavior. 

Relational Approach
If focuses more on social relationships rather  than norms, beliefs, values, or rules. 
Social Institutions 
The society cannot function without a  structure.

Social Institutions
1. Family
2. School/Education
3. Religion
4. Government
5. Economy 

Social Institutions 
Family
It is the basic unit of society. FUNCTIONS 
1. Reproduction 
2. Cultural Transmission 
3. Socialization 
4. Affection 

Types of Family accdg to STRUCTURE 


1. Nuclear Family 
2. Extended Family 

Types of Family accdg to RESIDENCE 


1. Patrilocal 
2. Matrilocal 
3. Neolocal 

Types of Family accdg to AUTHORITY 


1. Patriarchal 
2. Matriarchal 
3. Equilaritarian 

Types of Family accdg to MARRIAGE 


1. Monogamy 
2. Polygamy 

Social Institutions
School
FUNCTIONS
1. Intellectual
2. Socialization
3. Economic
4. Political

Social Institutions
Religion
CHARACTERISTICS
1. Acts and Ceremonies
2. Belief in Deities
3. Code of Conduct
4. Doctrine of Salvation
5. Sacred Stories

Social Institutions
Government
Branches of Government in PH
Executive, Legislative, Judiciary
Types of Government
1. Monarchy
2. Democracy
3. Authoritarianism/Totalitarianism
Social Institutions 
Economy
Branches: 
Microeconomics and macroeconomics 
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS
Politics, Power, and Authority 
Politics refers to the activities through which  people make, preserve, and ament the 
general rules under which they live.
Power refers to the ability to do something in  order to achieve a desired outcome.
Authority is a legitimate power. 

Legitimacy and Types of Authority 


Legitimacy came from the Latin word  legitimare which means to declare lawful and  is
broadly defined as “rightfulness”

Traditional Authority 
In many societies, authority is based in a  system that is believed to have “always 
existed”
Inheritance, or a position has been passed  onto them (appointed).
Charismatic Authority 
It is based on the presumed special and  extraordinary characteristics or qualities 
possessed by a certain individual.

Legal-rational Authority 
It is the most typical type of authority in  modern societies. Power and authority are 
legitimized by a clearly defined set of written  rules and laws.

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