Türk Standardi: TS EN 14492-1+A1

TÜRK STANDARDI
TURKISH STANDARD
TS EN 14492-1+A1
Mart 2010
ICS 53.020.20;53.020.99
VİNÇLER (KRENLER) - GÜÇ TAHRİKLİ VİNÇLER VE

CERASKALLAR - BÖLÜM 1: GÜÇ TAHRİKLİ VİNÇLER
Cranes - Power driven winches and hoists - Part 1: Power

driven winches
TÜRK STANDARDLARI ENSTİTÜSÜ

Necatibey Caddesi No.112 Bakanlıklar/ANKARA
TÜRK STANDARDLARININ TELiF HAKKI TSE'YE AiTTiR. STANDARDIN BU NÜSHASININ KULLANIM iZNi TSE TARAFINDAN
CERTEST KO NTROL VE BELGELENDiRME HiZMETLERi ANONiM SiRKETi'A VERiLMiSTiR. BASILMA TARiHi: 26.02.2016
TSE'DEN iZiN ALINMADAN STANDARDIN BiR BÖLÜMÜ/TAMAMI iLTiBAS EDiLEMEZ, ÇOGALTILAMAZ.
TÜRK STANDARDI
Ön söz
– Bu standard, Türk Standardları Enstitüsü tarafından ilgili Avrupa standardı esas alınarak Türk Standardı
olarak kabul edilmiştir.
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 14492-1:2006+A1

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM October 2009
ICS 53.020.20; 53.020.99 Supersedes EN 14492-1:2006
English Version
Cranes - Power driven winches and hoists - Part 1: Power driven

winches
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Treuils et palans Krane - Kraftgetriebene Winden und Hubwerke - Teil 1:
motorisés - Partie 1: Treuils motorisés Kraftgetriebene Winden
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 August 2006 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 6 August 2009.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword ...................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................. 6
1 Scope .............................................................................................................................................................. 7
2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 8
3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................. 10
4 List of significant hazards .......................................................................................................................... 14
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures .................................................................................... 19
5.1 General .......................................................................................................................................................... 19
5.2 Devices ......................................................................................................................................................... 20
5.3 Couplings ..................................................................................................................................................... 27
5.4 Brakes for lifting and lowering movements .............................................................................................. 27
5.5 Gearbox ........................................................................................................................................................ 28
5.6 Load hooks ................................................................................................................................................... 28
5.7 Rope drive .................................................................................................................................................... 28
5.8 Chain drives ................................................................................................................................................. 31
5.9 Belt drives ..................................................................................................................................................... 32
5.10 Pneumatic equipment ................................................................................................................................. 33
5.11 Hydraulic equipment ................................................................................................................................... 35
5.12 Electrical equipment of winches ................................................................................................................ 38
5.13 Reduction of noise by design..................................................................................................................... 41
5.14 Winches for use in a potentially explosive atmosphere .......................................................................... 42
5.15 Additional requirements for vehicle recovery winches and winches on boat trailers ......................... 43
5.16 Additional requirements for forestry winches .......................................................................................... 44
5.17 Additional and deviating requirements for winches for pulling purposes ............................................ 45
6 Verification of the safety requirements and/or protective measures ..................................................... 46
6.1 Winches manufactured in series................................................................................................................ 46
6.2 Winches designed individually .................................................................................................................. 47
7 User information .......................................................................................................................................... 56
7.1 General .......................................................................................................................................................... 56
7.2 Special requirements .................................................................................................................................. 56
7.3 Marking ......................................................................................................................................................... 58
Annex A (informative) Examples of winches ....................................................................................................... 60
A.1 Drum winches .............................................................................................................................................. 60
A.2 Traction winches.......................................................................................................................................... 61
A.3 Vehicle recovery winches ........................................................................................................................... 63
A.4 Winches for boat trailers ............................................................................................................................. 63
A.5 Forestry winches ......................................................................................................................................... 64
Annex B (informative) Additional requirements for winches intended to be used in potentially
explosive atmospheres ............................................................................................................................... 65
B.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 65
B.2 General .......................................................................................................................................................... 65
B.3 Hazard sources in explosion hazard areas ............................................................................................... 66
B.3.1 Electrically caused hazards ........................................................................................................................ 66
B.3.2 Mechanically caused hazards .................................................................................................................... 66
B.3.3 Hazards caused by environmental conditions ......................................................................................... 66
B.3.4 Measures to eliminate hazards in explosion hazard areas ..................................................................... 66
B.3.5 Marking ......................................................................................................................................................... 67
B.4 User information .......................................................................................................................................... 67
Annex C (informative) Additional requirements for operation in aggressive environments and
outdoors ....................................................................................................................................................... 68
2
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
C.1 General.......................................................................................................................................................... 68

C.2 Ropes and chains ........................................................................................................................................ 68
Annex D (informative) Additional requirements for operation at low temperatures ........................................ 70
Annex E (informative) Documents for hooks ....................................................................................................... 71
Annex F (normative) Noise test code .................................................................................................................... 72
F.1 Scope ............................................................................................................................................................ 72
F.2 Standards used in this annex ..................................................................................................................... 72
F.3 Description of the machine family ............................................................................................................. 72
F.4 Determination of the emission sound pressure level at the operator´s position by
measurement ............................................................................................................................................... 72
F.4.1 General.......................................................................................................................................................... 72
F.4.2 Winches other than construction winches ............................................................................................... 73
F.5 Determination of the sound power level ................................................................................................... 73
F.5.1 General.......................................................................................................................................................... 73
F.5.3 Construction winches ................................................................................................................................. 74
F.6 Mounting and operating conditions .......................................................................................................... 75
F.6.1 General.......................................................................................................................................................... 75
F.6.3 Construction winches ................................................................................................................................. 76
F.7 Uncertainties ................................................................................................................................................ 76
F.8 Information to be recorded ......................................................................................................................... 76
F.9 Information to be reported .......................................................................................................................... 76
F.10 Declaration and verification of noise emission values............................................................................ 77
Annex G (informative) Selection of a suitable set of cranes standards for a given application ..................... 78
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC .................................................................................................... 79
Annex ZB (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 94/9/EC ...................................................................................................... 80
Annex ZC (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC"
" ........................................................................................... 81
Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................. 82
Figures
Figure 1 — Fleet angle ............................................................................................................................................... 11
Figure 2 — Undercut groove base profile ................................................................................................................... 31
Figure A.1.1 — Drum winch, manufactured in series ................................................................................................. 60
Figure 1.2 — Drum winch, manufactured individually ................................................................................................ 60
Figure A.1.3 — Drum winch, pneumatically driven..................................................................................................... 60
Figure A.2.1 — Traction winch, standard type ........................................................................................................... 61
Figure A.2.2 — Traction winch with 2 load bearing ropes and storage drum ............................................................ 61
Figure A.2.3 — Traction winch with storage drum ..................................................................................................... 62
Figure A.3.1 — Vehicle recovery winch with electrical drive ...................................................................................... 63
Figure A.3.2 — Vehicle recovery winch with hydraulic drive ...................................................................................... 63
3
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Figure A.4 — Winch for boat trailers with electrical drive ...........................................................................................63
Figure A.5. — Forestry winch with rope drum and hydraulic drive .............................................................................64
Figure F.1 — Microphone positions on the hemisphere .............................................................................................75
Tables
Table 1 — List of significant hazards and associated requirements ..........................................................................15
Table 1 (continued) .....................................................................................................................................................16
Table 2 — Values for vh for estimation of φ IAL ............................................................................................................25
Table 3 — Limit revolutions for three-phase slipring motors ......................................................................................40
Table 4 — Stall torques for three-phase slipring motors with contactor control .........................................................40
Table 5 — Methods to be used to verify conformity with the safety requirements and/or measures .........................48
Table 5 (continued) .....................................................................................................................................................49
Table F.1 — Coordinates of the 6 microphone positions ...........................................................................................74
4
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147 “Cranes —
Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by April 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by
April 2010.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights.
CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2009-08-06.
This document supersedes EN 14492-1:2006.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags !".
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European
Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
!For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA, ZB and ZC which are integral parts of this
document."
For the relationship with other European Standards for cranes, see informative Annex G.
This is the first part of the standard "Cranes — Power driven winches and hoists". The parts of the standard are:
 Part 1: Power driven winches
 Part 2: Power driven hoists
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and United Kingdom.
5
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Introduction
!This European standard is a harmonized standard to provide one means for power driven winches to conform to
the essential health and safety requirements of the Machinery Directive 98/37/EC and the Machinery Directive
2006/42/EC."
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are
indicated in the scope of this European Standard.
This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in EN 12100-1.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those stated in type A or B standards, the provisions of
this type C standard take precedence over the provision of the other standards, for machines that have been
designed and built in accordance with the provisions of this type C standard.
6
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard is applicable to the design, information for use, maintenance and testing of power driven
winches for which the prime mover is an electric motor, hydraulic motor, internal combustion motor or pneumatic
motor. They are designed for the lifting and lowering of loads which are suspended on hooks or other load handling
devices or for the lifting and lowering of loads on inclined planes or the exclusive pulling of loads on planes which
are normally horizontal.
NOTE Within the period of utilization, the place of use of a winch may be variable.
As a rule, a winch is used without any additional transport movement.
This European Standard is applicable to the following types of winch:
a) rope winches;
b) chain winches;
c) belt winches, except steel belts used as hoisting media;
d) traction winches.
These types of winches a) to d) also include the following specific applications:
 vehicle recovery winches;
 winches on boat trailers;
 forestry winches;
 winches for stationary offshore applications;
 winches for drilling applications;
 winches to be used exclusively for the pulling of loads.
NOTE Examples are shown in Annex A.
7
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
This European Standard does not apply to:
 power-driven hoists in accordance with EN 14492-2;
 winches for seagoing vessels and mobile offshore units;
 winches for the lifting of persons;
 NGL building hoists in accordance with EN 14492-2;
 winches for the handling of hot molten masses (risk covered by EN 14492-2).
The significant hazards covered by this European Standard are identified in Clause 4.
This European Standard does not specify additional requirements for hazards related to the use of winches in
explosive atmospheres in underground works.
This document applies to winches manufactured after approval by CEN with a transitional period of 2 years.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,
only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
EN 418:1992, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop equipment, functional aspects — Principles for design
EN 563:1994, Safety of machinery — Temperatures of touchable surfaces — Ergonomics data to establish

temperature limit values for hot surfaces
EN 818-1:1996, Short link chain for lifting purposes — Safety — Part 1: General conditions of acceptance
EN 818-7:2002, Short link chain for lifting purposes — Safety — Part 7: Fine tolerance hoist chain, Grade T (Types
T, DAT and DT)
!deleted text"
EN 982:1996, Safety of machinery — Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components —
Hydraulics
EN 983:1996, Safety of machinery — Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components —
Pneumatics
EN 1127-1:1997, Explosive atmospheres — Explosion prevention and protection — Part 1: Basic concepts and
methodology
EN 12077-2:1998, Cranes — Safety — Requirements for health and safety — Part 2: Limiting and indicating
devices
EN 12644-2:2000, Cranes — Information for use and testing — Part 2: Marking
EN 13001-2:2004, Cranes — General design — Part 2: Load actions
EN 13411-3:2004, Terminations for steel wire ropes — Safety — Part 3: Ferrules and ferrule-securing
EN 13411-4:2002, Terminations for steel wire ropes — Safety — Part 4: Metal and resin socketing
EN 13411-6:2004, Terminations for steel wire ropes — Safety — Part 6: Asymmetric wedge socket
EN 13411-7:2003, Terminations for steel wire ropes — Safety — Part 7: Symmetric wedge socket
8
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
EN 13463-1:2001, Non-electrical equipment for potentially explosive atmospheres — Part 1: Basic method and
requirements
EN 13463-5:2003, Non-electrical equipment intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres — Part 5:
Protection by constructional safety "c"
EN 13557:2003, Cranes — Controls and control stations
EN 14492-2:2006, Cranes — Power driven winches and hoists — Part 2: Power driven hoists
EN 60034-1:2004, Rotating electrical machines — Part 1: Rating and performance (IEC 60034-1:2004)
EN 60079-0:2004, Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres — Part 0: General requirements
(IEC 60079-0:2004)
EN 60079-7:2003, Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres — Part 7: Increased safety ‘e’
(IEC 60079-7:2001)
EN 60204-32:1998, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 32: Requirements for hoisting
machines (IEC 60204-32:1998)
EN 60529:1991, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP-code)
EN 61000-6-2:2005, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 6-2: Generic standards — Immunity for industrial
environments (IEC 61000-6-2:2005)
EN 61000-6-3:2001, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 6-3: Generic standards; Emission standard for
residential, commercial and light-industrial environments (IEC 61000-6-3:1996, modified)
EN 61000-6-4:2001, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 6-4: Generic standards; Emission standard for
industrial environments (IEC 61000-6-4:1997, modified)
EN ISO 3744:1995, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure —
Engineering method in an essential free field over a reflecting plane (ISO 3744:1994)
EN ISO 4871:1996, Acoustics — Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and equipment
(ISO 4871:1996)
EN ISO 11201:1995, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Measurement of emission sound
pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions — Engineering method in an essentially free field
over a reflecting plane (ISO 11201:1995)
EN ISO 11688-1:1998, Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and equipment
— Part 1: Planning (ISO/TR 11688-1:1995)
EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic
terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003)
EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2: Technical
principles (ISO 12100-2:2003)
!EN ISO 13849-1, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles
for design (ISO 13849:2006)"
ISO 606:2004, Short-pitch transmission precision roller and bush chains, attachments and associated chain
sprockets
ISO 4301-1:1986, Cranes and lifting appliances — Classification — Part 1: General
ISO 4308-1:2003, Cranes and lifting appliances — Selection of wire ropes — Part 1: General
9
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
ISO 12482-1:1995, Cranes — Condition monitoring — Part 1: General
FEM 1.001:1998, Rules for the design of hoisting appliances, booklets 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 8
FEM 9.901:1991, Rules for the design of series lifting equipment and cranes equipped with series lifting equipment
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2003 and the following apply.
3.1
anchorage
complete device to anchor the hoisting media to a fixed point
3.2
belt drive
system of belts, belt pulleys, belt drums and belt anchorages
3.3
chain drive
system of fine tolerance steel link chains, roller chains, driven and non-driven chain wheels and chain anchorages
3.4
direct control
main power circuit is directly controlled by the hand controlled actuator without additional means between the
actuator and the main power circuit
3.5
fleet angle
angle β or β - α or β + α (see Figure 1)
10
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Key
β = fleet angle on the pulley
β - α or β + α = fleet angle on the drum
α = angle of the grooves on the drum
Figure 1 — Fleet angle
On drums without grooves, the fleet angle is the angle between the rope axis and a line drawn perpendicular to the
axis of the drum
3.6
force transmission
two or more connected parts which transmit forces
3.7
forestry winches
rope winches fitted to forestry machines such as pushing tractors and row crop tractors according to
ISO 6814 and used on agricultural tractors, e.g. for fitting in a three-point rod assembly, used for pushing works in
the forest
3.8
hoist medium or pulling medium
either rope, belt, steel link chain or roller chain that connects the winch to the load
3.9
hydraulic components
elements (e.g. switches, valves, filters) interconnected and forming an operational hydraulic system
3.10
hydraulic overpressure
pressure exceeding the rated pressure or dynamic pressure
3.11
hydraulic systems
definition in ISO 5598 applies
3.12
hydraulic transmission
supply, control and distribution of energy by means of pressurised fluid
11
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
3.13
indirect control
main power circuit is controlled by additional means between the hand controlled actuator and the main power
circuit
3.14
lifting/lowering
movement of loads with the level of the load being changed
NOTE Lifting/lowering is the vertical or the vertical and horizontal movement of the loads and all combinations.
3.15
maximum speed
maximum of all speeds in the kind of movement in accordance with the intended purpose (lifting, lowering, pulling)
NOTE For inverter driven winches this speed can occur at the maximum frequency but with a load smaller than the rated
capacity of the winch.
3.16
power source
energy to drive the prime mover of a winch e.g.: electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, or by internal combustion
3.17
pulling
moving of loads on planes which are normally horizontal; in case of the pulling force being removed from the load,
caused by stopping or failure of the winch including hoist media, no load movement takes place. For each working
cycle, the pulling media needs to be spooled off respectively pulled out
NOTE Pulling is a special case of a load movement with the load movement taking place on a surface, the inclination of
which is almost zero or insubstantial.
3.18
pulling force
force which the winch is designed to pull
3.19
rated capacity
load that the winch is designed to lift; in case of winches with multi-layer winding, this is the value in the top layer of
the drum
3.20
rated capacity limiter
device that automatically prevents the winch from handling loads in excess of its rated capacity, taking into account
the dynamic effects during normal operational use.
This can be achieved by limiting the force flow (direct acting rated capacity limiter) or by switching off the energy
supply to the lifting drive and stopping the lifting movement (indirect acting rated capacity limiter)
3.21
rated lifting speed
linear speed of the load when lifting a load corresponding to the rated capacity of the winch
 in case of electric motors at rated voltage and rated frequency as indicated on the nameplate;
 in case of hydraulic motors at rated flow as indicated on the nameplate;
 in case of pneumatic motors at rated pressure as indicated on the nameplate.
For rope winches, the speed at the lowest rope-layer on the drum
3.22
rated lowering speed
linear speed of the hoist medium when lowering a load corresponding to the rated capacity of the winch
12
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
 in case of electric motors the rated voltage and rated frequency applies;
 in case of hydraulic motors the rated flow applies;
 in case of pneumatic motors the rated pressure applies.
For rope winches, the speed at the lowest rope-layer on the drum
3.23
rated pressure
pressure in hydraulic or pneumatic systems at which the component is intended to operate for a number of
repetitions sufficient to assure adequate service life
3.24
rated pulling speed
linear speed of the load when pulling under the effect of a load corresponding to the pulling force of the winch
 in case of electric motors, the rated voltage and rated frequency applies;
 in case of hydraulic motors, the rated flow applies;
 in case of pneumatic motors, the rated pressure applies
3.25
rope anchorage
arrangement comprising the parts which connect the rope termination to the major load bearing structure, e.g. pins,
bolts, compensating levers, tension rods
NOTE This does not include the rope fastening on the rope drum.
3.26
rope drive
system of ropes running on rope drums or traction sheaves and over rope sheaves, and rope attachment parts
3.27
rope end termination
arrangement that has direct contact with the rope in order to allow its connection to e.g. rope anchorage and hook
3.28
rope fastening on the rope drum
all parts with which the rope is fastened on the rope drum
3.29
stall torque (of an a.c. motor)
maximum steady-state asynchrony torque which the motor develops without an abrupt drop in speed, when the
motor is supplied at the rated voltage and frequency
3.30
vehicle recovery winches
winches fitted e.g. onto a service car. They are used for loading or pulling an inoperative vehicle onto the service
car, or for partly lifting an inoperative vehicle. Also, they may be used for unloading or pulling off an inoperative
vehicle.
Vehicle recovery winches may also be directly fitted to a vehicle and used for self-recovery and/or recovery of
another vehicle
3.31
winches
machines designed for the lifting and lowering of loads which are suspended on hooks or other load handling
devices, or for the moving (pulling and lowering) of loads on inclined planes, or the exclusive pulling of loads on
13
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
planes which are normally horizontal. They use ropes, chains or belts wound in one or more layers onto a drum, or
ropes in traction sheave drives
NOTE Examples are given in Annex A.
3.32
winch load
mW
load including all the masses of a load equal to the rated capacity of the winch, the hoist medium and the fixed load
lifting attachments, e.g. hooks, grabs, magnets, lifting beams, vacuum lifters
3.33
winches on boat trailers
rope winches or belt winches fitted to boat trailers and used to lower the boat from the trailer into the water, or to
pull the boat out of the water onto the trailer
3.34
working coefficient for ropes, chains and belts
minimum breaking force divided by the static force which corresponds either to the pulling force or to the rated
capacity
4 List of significant hazards

Table 1 shows a list of significant hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result in risks to persons
during normal use and foreseeable misuse. It also contains the relevant clauses in this European Standard that are
necessary to reduce or eliminate the risks associated with those hazards.
The significant hazards are based upon EN 1050.
14
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Table 1 — List of significant hazards and associated requirements
Relevant clause(s) in this

Hazards
European Standard
1 Mechanical hazards due to:
— machine parts or workpieces, e.g.: 5.1
a) shape; n.a.
b) relative location; 5.1
c) mass and stability (potential energy of elements
which may move under the effect of gravity); 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.7, 5.9,
d) mass and velocity (kinetic energy of elements in 5.15.4, 5.15.5, 5.15.6, 5.16.5,
controlled or uncontrolled motion); 5.16.6, 5.16.7, 5.17.4, 5.17.5,
5.17.6
e) inadequacy of mechanical strength
— accumulation of energy inside the machinery, e.g.:
5.4
f) elastic elements (springs);
5.10, 5.11
g) liquids and gases under pressure;
5.11.4.3
— the effect of vacuum
1.1 Crushing hazard 5.1, 5.7.2, 5.7.4
1.2 Shearing hazard 5.1
1.3 Cutting or severing hazard 5.1, 5.8.3, 5.16.9
1.4 Entanglement hazard 5.1, 5.7.2, 5.7.4, 5.8.3
1.5 Drawing-in or trapping hazard 5.1, 5.7.2, 5.7.4, 5.8.3
1.6 Impact hazard 5.1, 5.8.2, 5.16.9
1.7 Stabbing or puncture hazard 5.1
1.8 Friction or abrasion hazard 5.1, 5.7.2, 5.7.4, 5.7.9, 5.8.1
1.9 High pressure fluid injection or ejection hazard 5.11.4.2, 5.11.5, 5.11.6.3
2 Electrical hazards due to:
2.1 contact of persons with live parts (direct contact) 5.2.1, 5.12, 5.12.4
2.2 contact of persons with parts which have become live 5.2.1, 5.12, 5.12.4
under faulty conditions (indirect contact)
2.3 approach to live parts under high voltage 5.12.1
2.4 electrostatic phenomena 5.12
2.5 thermal radiation or other phenomena such as the 5.12
projection of molten particles and chemical effects from
short circuits, overloads etc.
3 Thermal hazards, resulting in:
3.1 burns, scalds and other injuries by a possible contact of 5.1, 5.11.6.5, 5.11.6.6, 5.14
persons with objects or materials with an extreme high or
low temperature, by flames or explosions and also by the
radiation of heat sources
3.2 damage to health by hot or cold working environment n.a.
4 Hazards generated by noise, resulting in:
4.1 hearing loss (deafness), other physiological disorders (e.g. 5.13, 7.2, Annex F
loss of balance, loss of awareness)
4.2 interference with speech communication, acoustic signals 5.13, 7.2, Annex F
etc.
15
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Table 1 (continued)

Hazards
European Standard
5 Hazards generated by vibration due to:
5.1 use of hand-held machines resulting in a variety of n.a.
neurological and vascular disorders
5.2 whole body vibration, particularly when combined with n.a.
poor postures
6 Hazards generated by radiation due to:
6.1 low frequency, radio frequency radiation, micro waves n.a.
6.2 infrared, visible and ultraviolet light n.a.
6.3 X and gamma rays n.a.
6.4 alpha, beta rays, electron or ion beams; neutrons n.a.
6.5 lasers n.a.
7 Hazards generated by materials and substances (and
their constituent elements) processed or used by the
machinery due to:
7.1 hazards from contact with or inhalation of harmful fluids, 5.11.2
gases, mists, fumes, and dusts
7.2 fire or explosion hazard 5.11.6.5, 5.11.6.6, 5.14, Annex B,
Annex C
7.3 biological or microbiological (viral or bacterial) hazards n.a.
8 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic
principles in machinery design as, e.g. hazards from:
8.1 unhealthy postures of excessive effort 5.2.1
8.2 inadequate consideration of hand-arm or foot-leg anatomy n.a.
8.3 neglected use of personal protection equipment n.a.
8.4 inadequate local lighting 7
8.5 mental overload and under-load, stress n.a.
8.6 human error, human behaviour 5.2.1
8.7 inadequate design, location or identification of manual 5.2.1, 5.12
controls
8.8 inadequate design or location of visual display units 5.2.1, 5.12
9 Combination of hazards n.a.
10 Unexpected start-up, unexpected overrun/overspeed
(or any similar malfunction) from:
10.1 failure/disorder of the control system 5.2.1, 5.2.3, 5.2.5, 5.4, 5.10.3,
5.10.4, 5.10.5.1, 5.11.6.1, 5.11.6.2,
5.12.4, 5.12.7, 5.12.8.2
10.2 restoration of energy supply after an interruption 5.2.1, 5.2.3, 5.10.5.1, 5.12
10.3 external influences on electrical equipment 5.12.3, 5.13
10.4 other external influences (gravity, wind etc.) 5.4
10.5 errors in the software 5.2.5, 5.12
10.6 errors made by the operator (due to mismatch of n.a.
machinery with human characteristics and abilities,
see 8.6)
11 Impossibility of stopping the machine in the best 5.2.1, 5.2.3, 5.10.5.1, 5.10.5.2,
possible conditions 5.11.6.1, 5.12.4, 5.12.7
16
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Table 1 (continued)

Hazards
European Standard
12 Variations in the rotational speed of tools n.a.
13 Failure of the power supply 5.4, 5.10.2.2, 5.11.6.2, 5.12,
5.12.8.2, 5.15.7
14 Failure of the control circuit 5.2.1, 5.2.3, 5.2.5, 5.4, 5.10.3,
5.10.5.1, 5.11.5, 5.11.6.1, 5.12,
5.12.7, 5.12.8.2
15 Errors of fitting 5.1, 5.7.6, 7
16 Break-up during operation 5.1, 5.4, 5.5, 5.7.8, 5.8.4, 5.9.2
17 Falling or ejected objects or fluids 5.11.6.3
18 Loss of stability/overturning of machinery n.a.
19 Slip, trip and fall of persons (related to machinery) n.a.
Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events due to mobility
20 Relating to the travelling function:
20.1 movement when starting the engine n.a.
20.2 movement without a driver at the driving position n.a.
20.3 movement without all parts in a safe position n.a.
20.4 excessive speed of pedestrian controlled machinery n.a.
20.5 excessive oscillations when moving n.a.
20.6 insufficient ability of machinery to be slowed down, n.a.
stopped and immobilised
21 Linked to the work position (including driving station)
on the machine due to:
21.1 fall of persons during access to (or at/from) the work n.a.
position
21.2 exhaust gases/lack of oxygen at the work position n.a.
21.3 fire (flammability of the cab, lack of extinguishing means) n.a.
21.4 mechanical hazards at the work position: n.a.
a) contact with the wheels;
b) rollover;
c) fall of objects, penetration by objects;
d) break-up of parts rotating at high speed;
e) contact of persons with machine parts or tools
(pedestrian controlled machines)
21.5 insufficient visibility from the work positions n.a.
21.6 inadequate lighting n.a.
21.7 inadequate seating n.a.
21.8 noise at the work position 5.13, 7.2, Annex F
21.9 vibration at the work position n.a.
21.10 insufficient means for evacuation/Emergency exit n.a.
22 Due to the control system:
22.1 inadequate location of manual controls 5.2.1, 5.12
17
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Table 1 (continued)

Hazards
European Standard
22.2 inadequate design of manual controls and their mode of 5.2.1, 5.10.3, 5.10.4, 5.11.5,
operation 5.11.6.1, 5.12
23 From handling the machine (lack of stability) 5.1
24 Due to the power source and to the transmission of
power:
24.1 hazards from the engine and the batteries n.a.
24.2 hazards from transmission of power between machines n.a.
24.3 hazards from coupling and towing n.a.
25 From/to third persons due to:
25.1 unauthorised start-up/use 5.2.1
25.2 drift of a part away from its stopping position 5.2.4
25.3 lack or inadequacy of visual or acoustic warning means n.a.
26 Insufficient instructions for the driver/operator 7
Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events due to lifting
27 Mechanical hazards and hazardous events:
27.1 from load falls, collisions, machine tipping caused by:
27.1.1 lack of stability 5.1
27.1.2 uncontrolled loading – overloading – overturning moments 5.2.2, 5.11.3
exceeded
27.1.3 uncontrolled amplitude of movements 5.2.1, 5.2.4, 5.4, 5.12.8.2
27.1.4 unexpected/unintended movement of loads 5.2.1, 5.2.2, 5.4, 5.10.2.2, 5.11.3,
5.11.6.2, 5.12.8.2, 5.15.4, 5.16.3,
5.17.4
27.1.5 inadequate holding devices/accessories 5.1, 5.6, 5.7.6, 5.7.8, 5.8.4, 5.9.4,
5.9.5, 5.16.7, 5.16.8
27.1.6 collision of more than one machine n.a.
27.2 from access of persons to load support n.a.
27.3 from derailment n.a.
27.4 from insufficient mechanical strength of parts 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8,
5.9, 5.11.4.1, 5.11.4.2, 5.15.2,
5.15.6, 5.15.7, 5.16.5, 5.16.7,
5.16.8, 5.17.6
27.5 from inadequate design of pulleys, drums 5.7.1, 5.7.2, 5.7.4, 5.7.5, 5.7.6,
5.9.1, 5.9.3, 5.9.4, 5.16.6, 5.16.7
27.6 from inadequate selection of chains, ropes, lifting and 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 5.15.6, 5.16.5, 5.17.6
accessories and their inadequate integration into the
machine
27.7 from lowering of the load under the control of friction brake 5.4
27.8 from abnormal conditions of 7
assembly/testing/use/maintenance
27.9 from the effect of load on persons (impact by load or 5.2.1, 7
counterweight)
18
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Table 1 (continued)

Hazards
European Standard
28 Electrical hazards
28.1 from lightning 5.12
29 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic n.a.
principles
29.1 insufficient visibility from the driving position 7
Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events due to underground work
30 Mechanical hazards and hazardous events due to:
30.1 lack of stability of powered roof supports n.a.
30.2 failing accelerator or brake control of machinery running n.a.
on rails
30.3 failing or lack of deadman's control of machinery running n.a.
on rails
31 Restricted movement of persons n.a.
32 Fire and explosion n.a.
33 Emission of dust, gases etc. n.a.
Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events due to the lifting or moving of
persons
34 Mechanical hazards and hazardous events due to:
34.1 inadequate mechanical strength - inadequate working n.a.
coefficients
34.2 failing of loading control n.a.
34.3 failing of controls in person carrier (function, priority) n.a.
34.4 overspeed of person carrier n.a.
35 Falling of person from person carrier n.a.
36 Falling or overturning of person carrier n.a.
37 Human error, human behaviour n.a.
n.a.: not applicable
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures
5.1 General
Winches shall comply with the safety requirements and or protective measures of this clause. In addition, the
winches shall be designed in accordance with the principles of EN ISO 12100-1 and EN ISO 12100-2 for hazards
relevant but not significant, which are not dealt with by this document. Winches shall be classified in groups of
mechanism in accordance with ISO 4301-1 in accordance with the operational requirements and conditions of
application.
Winches shall be designed in accordance with FEM 1.001, booklets 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 and 9 and FEM 9.901.
NOTE For the calculation, EN 13001-1, EN 13001-2, and CEN/TS 13001-3-1 are available. After publication of these
documents as harmonized European Standards, CEN/TC 147/WGP 7 will check to see how to update this European Standard
and to make reference to these documents.
19
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Winches shall be designed taking into account the static and dynamic forces which may occur at intended use.
Forces which occur due to the activation of the rated capacity limiter and the emergency stop device shall be taken
into account. Accessible parts shall not have sharp edges, sharp angles or protruding parts that can cause injury.
This can be achieved by e.g. de-burring, flanging, trimming, sand blasting.
Connections and individual components of winches shall incorporate features so that they cannot self-loosen.
Moving transmission parts (shafts, fans, wheels, gears, belts, couplings) shall be designed, positioned or guarded
in order to protect against the risks associated with possible contact of exposed persons during the intended use.
Risk of burn during hoisting operation caused by contact between the operator's skin and hot surfaces of the winch
shall be reduced by following the principles of EN 563.
Winches shall be equipped with a device which prevents the load from running back unintentionally. This device
shall act automatically and shall be dimensioned so that it is capable of safely absorbing the occurring forces. This
requirement is fulfilled e.g. by self-locking drives, automatically acting service brake, automatically engaging gears.
Information for certain applications are given by:
a) Annex B; winches should be in accordance with Annex B when used in explosion hazard areas;
b) Annex C; winches should be in accordance with Annex C when operating in aggressive environments and
outdoors;
c) Annex D; winches should be in accordance with Annex D when operating at low temperatures.
5.2 Devices
5.2.1 Control devices
Devices for starting and stopping manually controlled winches shall be fitted with hold-to-run control elements so
that the drive energy supply is interrupted when the actuating elements are released.
Actuating elements of control devices shall incorporate features that prevent unintentional operation or not wanted
movements of the load. (See EN 13557:2003, 5.2.3.1.2.) !Actuating elements of control devices shall incorporate
features and be arranged and marked in such a way that their assignments, direction of operation and switching
state are unmistakably recognisable, using pictograms (symbols), where appropriate."
5.2.2 Rated capacity limiters and indicators
5.2.2.1 General
Winches for lifting and lowering purposes with a rated capacity of 1 000 kg or more and winches for pulling
purposes with a pulling force of 10 000 N or more shall be fitted with a rated capacity limiter.
The rated capacity limiter shall be designed to prevent overloading of the winch. It shall also limit the forces
transmitted to the supporting structure, which are to be provided by the manufacturer (see 7.2). Overloading means
exceeding the designed operating forces.
NOTE A rated capacity limiter may also be incorporated within the supporting structure into which a winch is fitted.
Rated capacity limiters shall be in accordance with EN 12077-2.
Rated capacity limiters shall operate to override the controls of the winch as required in EN 12077-2:1998, 5.4.2.1.
This requirement can be fulfilled either by direct acting rated capacity limiter or by indirect acting rated capacity
limiter.
As, in the case of winches, the rated capacity and the pulling force do not vary with the position of the load the risk
assessment shows that no hazard occurs from the load when the rated capacity limiter was triggered. Winches do
therefore not require rated capacity indicators as defined in EN 12077-2.
20
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
5.2.2.2 Setting
5.2.2.2.1 General
The rated capacity limiter shall limit the forces to a level equal to or less than the designed operating forces (as
defined in EN 12077-2:1998, 5.4.1.2).
5.2.2.2.2 Direct acting rated capacity limiters
The setting shall be done in such a way that the dynamic overload test, see Clause 6, can be performed without
changing the setting of the rated capacity limiter.
NOTE In case of winches with multi-layer winding, the load with which the overload test is to be performed, is different for
the innermost and the top layer of the drum.
With this setting, the effective force in the winch medium shall not exceed 160 % of the force of the corresponding
layer, resulting from the rated capacity.
With this setting, a load exceeding (φ DAL multiplied by a load of the corresponding layer, resulting from the rated
capacity) shall not be lifted.
NOTE φ DAL see 5.2.2.3.
5.2.2.2.3 Indirect acting rated capacity limiters
The setting shall be such that a load exceeding the rated capacity of the winch or a force exceeding the pulling
force multiplied by the triggering-factor shall trigger the limiter. (Load > α · mRC or force > α · pulling force) The
triggering-factor shall be less or equal to 1,25 (α ≤ 1,25).
When lifting/lowering a load 125 % greater than the rated capacity of the winch, it shall not be lifted over a distance
greater than the maximum rated hoisting speed multiplied by 1 s.
NOTE The triggering-factor corresponds to α, 5.2.2.3.3.
5.2.2.3 Maximum force
5.2.2.3.1 General
When lifting/lowering, the maximum force Fmax,L occurs when the rated capacity limiter operates and the load has
not left the ground.
When pulling, the maximum force Fmax,L occurs when the rated capacity limiter operates and the load has not yet
been moved.
For winches with intended use of lifting/lowering, equations 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 shall be used.
For winches with the intended use of pulling, equations 1a, 2a, 3, 4a, 5a, 6 and 7a shall be used.
The maximum force, which applies to the winch when the rated capacity limiter has operated, shall be calculated
by:
Fmax,L = (φ L ⋅ mi + (mW − mi ) ) ⋅ g (1)
Fmax , L = φ L ⋅ Ft (1a)
where
F max,L is the maximum force [N];

21
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
φL is the force-limit factor [-];
mW is the winch load [kg];
mi is the load that the winch is designed to lift; in case of multi-layer winding, it is the value at the first
layer of the drum;
g is the acceleration due to gravity (9,81) [m/s²];
Ft is the force that the winch is designed to pull; in case of multi-layer winding, it is the value at the first
layer of the drum.
The force-limit factor φL depends on the type of limiter:
φ L = φ DAL in case of direct acting limiter (see 5.2.2.3.2);
φ L = φ IAL in case of indirect acting limiter (see 5.2.2.3.3).
The maximum force Fmax,L shall be assigned for the winch to load combination C 1, Table 10 of
EN 13001-2:2004. In this context a calculation shall be carried out to establish whether these effects or the
conditions of the load combination C 1 in accordance with Table 3 of EN 13001-2:2004 are significant.
The mass of the hoist medium can be neglected if it is less than 5 % of the rated capacity of the winch plus the
mass of the fixed load lifting attachments.
5.2.2.3.2 Direct acting rated capacity limiters
Direct acting rated capacity limiters act directly in the chain of drive elements and limit the transmitted force. Those
limiters may be, for example, friction torque limiters, pressure limiting valves etc. Direct acting rated capacity
limiters generally have no response delay and require no braking path.
The most frequently used limiters for direct limitation are friction torque limiters, which are set to the force limit:
FLim = (φ DAL ⋅ mi + (mW − mi ) ) ⋅ g (2)
FLim = φ DAL ⋅ Ft (2a)
where
FLim is the force limit [N];
φ DAL is the force-limit factor for direct acting rating capacity limiters [-];
mi is the load that the winch is designed to lift; in case of multi-layer winding it is the value at the first layer
of the drum [kg];
Ft is the force that the winch is designed to pull; in case of multi-layer winding it is the value at the first
layer of the drum [N].
For friction torque limiters, the factor φ DAL shall be less than or equal to 1,6.
On hydraulically acting rated capacity limiters (e.g. pressure relief valves), the factor φ DAL shall be less or equal 1,4.
On pneumatically acting rated capacity limiters, the factor φ DAL shall be less or equal 1,6.
22
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
For direct acting rated capacity limiters the maximal force Fmax, L as defined in Equation (1) is equal to the force limit
FLim in Equation (2):
Fmax , L = FLim (3)
where
Fmax,L is the maximum Force [N];
FLim is the force limit [N].
5.2.2.3.3 Indirect acting rated capacity limiters
Indirect acting rated capacity limiters measure the transmitted force using a sensor and switch off the energy
supply for the movement of the load and, if required, apply the brake torque. The force when the limiter starts
operating is called the triggering-force. Evaluation of that force and filtering of interference signals require time and
act as a switch-off-delay. This delay is called response-time. After the response-time the limiter switches off the
energy-supply.
The triggering-force shall be calculated by:
Ftrig = (α ⋅ mi + (m W − mi )) ⋅ g (4)
Ftrig = α ⋅ Ft (4a)
where
Ftrig is the triggering-force [N];
α is the triggering-factor [-];
of the drum [kg];
The triggering-factor includes the maximum tolerance of the limiter, resulting from its design and construction.
The factor φ IAL for indirect acting rated capacity limiters shall be calculated as follows:
  ∆t 
 C ⋅ v h  ∆t IAL + bt  
 2 
φ IAL =α +  (5)
(mi ⋅ g )
  ∆t 
 C ⋅ v h  ∆t IAL + bt  
 2 
φ IAL =α +  (5a)
Ft
23
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
where
φ IAL is the force limit factor for indirect acting rated capacity limiters [-].
vh is the hoisting speed [m/s]. The appropriate speed shall be selected from Table 2;
of the drum [kg];
C is the rigidity of the winch, hoist medium and the supporting structure [N/m];
∆tIAL is the time lapse after attaining load level α × mRC to when actual motion braking commences [s];
∆tbt is the motion braking time affected by the combined hoist medium tension and brake torque [s];
When the rigidity of the supporting structure is unknown at the winch design stage, it shall be assumed to be rigid.
The rigidity of the hoist medium can be calculated by the following equation:
C rm ⋅ n
C med = (6)
lH
where
Cmed is the rigidity of the hoist medium [N/m];
Crm is the rigidity per meter of a rope, respectively chain, respectively belt [N];
n is the number of load bearing ropes, chains, belts [-];
lH is the hook path [m].
For indirect acting rated capacity limiters the maximum force Fmax,L as defined in Equation (1) is not equal to the
triggering-force Ftrig in Equation (4).
The maximum force Fmax,L, as defined in Equation (1) shall be evaluated by:
Fmax,L = (φ IAL ⋅ mi + (m W − mi ) ) ⋅ g (7)
Fmax,L = φ IAL ⋅ Ft (7a)
where
Fmax,L is the maximum force [N];
φ IAL is the force limit factor for indirect acting rated capacity limiters;
of the drum [kg];
24
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Table 2 — Values for vh for estimation of φ IAL
Type of winch drive and its operating method

Hoisting speed
HD 1 HD 2 HD 3 HD 4 HD 5
vh vh, r vh, r vh, cs vh, r vh, pc
HD 1: winch drive cannot be operated with creep speed;
HD 2: a steady creep speed of the winch drive can be selected by the winch operator;
HD 3: winch drive control system ensures the use of a steady creep speed until the load is lifted from the
ground;
HD 4: a stepless variable speed control can be operated by the winch operator;
HD 5: after pre-stressing the hoist medium a step-less variable speed control is provided by the drive
control system independent of the winch operator;
vh, r: is the rated lifting speed in cases HD 1, HD 2 and HD 4;
vh, CS: is the steady lifting creep speed in case of HD 3;
vh, pc: is the minimum creep speed in case of HD 5.
5.2.2.4 Additional requirements for friction torque limiters
Friction torque limiters used as rated capacity limiters shall be such that, when triggered, the torque which can be
transmitted over a period of time of 60 s shall not exceed the maximum value specified by the manufacturer, and
the lifting force shall be sufficient to hold a load equal to the rated capacity of the winch in the lifting motion and
when the motor is at standstill. After this period of time of 60 s, the rated capacity of the winch shall not lower at an
average speed of not more than half the rated lowering speed whilst the motor is operated upwards; in this case,
this average speed is determined over a distance of at least 3 m.
5.2.3 Emergency stop function
Winches shall be provided with an emergency stop function. !The emergency stop function shall be available
and operational at all times, regardless of the operating mode."
Electrically powered winches shall be in accordance with 5.12.7, pneumatically powered winches shall be in
accordance with 5.10.5.1 and hydraulically powered winches shall be in accordance with 5.11.6.1.
5.2.4 Lifting and lowering limiters
5.2.4.1 General
Winches shall be fitted with lifting and lowering limiters in accordance with EN 12077-2:1998, 5.6.1.
NOTE Lifting and lowering limiters include, for example, limit switches, adjustable friction torque limiters, relief valves.
In case of friction torque limiters or pressure relief valves, mechanical end stops shall be provided.
Friction torque limiters used as lifting and lowering limiters shall fulfil the requirements of 5.2.2.4.
25
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
The following prescriptions shall apply in addition to those stated in EN 12077-2.
Electrical limiters shall have a positive opening system.
After operation of a limiter, it shall be ensured that the limiter does not return to its original position until the
corresponding restricted area has been left by the actuating part.
The lowering limiter shall ensure that the minimum engagement of the lifting medium is maintained at all times
during operation. The lowering limiter shall also stop the motion to prevent unwanted coiling in the reverse
direction.
5.2.4.2 Second limiter (= backup limiter) for hoisting
For normal operation a second limiter, as defined in EN 12077-2:1998, 5.6.1.4, is not necessary.
A risk assessment based on the particular application may result in the need of a second limiter for certain motions.
This second limiter shall not be approached during normal operation, whereas the first limiter can be approached
during normal operation.
NOTE Based upon the risk assessment, a second limiter may be necessary, for example when the hoisting limiter is
activated with regularity and this limiter is not designed for regularity.
Following operation of the second limiter, a restart shall only be possible by a reset action, e.g. by using a key-
lockable hold-to-run control on the control stand, manual reset button on the winch. The indication of a failure of the
first limiter, as required in EN 12077-2:1998, 5.6.1.4, is, that a reset action is necessary, after the second limiter
has been triggered.
Following operation of the second limiter, a restart shall only be possible into the opposite direction. Indication and
reset action are not necessary, if the second limiter is a friction torque limiter designed to accommodate the
movement energy.
5.2.5 Safety-related functions
All safety-related functions of controls shall fulfil at least the following requirements of EN ISO 13849-1:
 control circuits built with electromechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic components: at least Performance level c
and at least category 1;
NOTE 1 The requirement to have at least category 1 excludes a structure of Category B.
 control circuits built with electronic or programmable components, respectively: at least Performance Level c
and category 2.
NOTE 2 The requirement to have at least category 2 excludes a structure of Category B or 1.
Safety related functions of the control systems are e. g.:
 rated capacity limiters, see 5.2.2;
 emergency stop function, see 5.2.3;
 lifting and lowering limiters, see 5.2.4;
 protective measures (pneumatic), see 5.10.5;
 protective measures (hydraulic), see 5.11.6;
 supply disconnecting (isolating) and switching devices, see 5.12.4
26
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
In the following case all safety-related functions of control systems, except supply disconnecting (isolating) and
switching devices, see 5.12.4, shall conform to at least Performance Level d and at least category 3:
 lifting operations above pipes and tubes where the destruction of those pipes and tubes by a falling load can
cause the escape of combustible gases or fluids;
NOTE 3 The requirement to have at least category 3 excludes a structure of Category B, 1 or 2.
Safety related functions of control devices, units and systems defined in 5.2.1, 5.10.3, 5.10.4 and 5.11.5 shall fulfil
at least Performance level b and at least category 1.
NOTE 4 The requirement to have at least category 1 excludes a structure of Category B.
Stop function in cable-less control systems, as laid down in EN 13557:2003, Annex C, C.3.1: at least Performance
Level c and at least category 3.
NOTE 5 The requirement to have at least category 3 excludes a structure of Category B, 1 or 2."
5.3 Couplings
Couplings in the force flow for winches, with the exception of friction torque limiters according to 5.2.2.4, shall be
constructed in such a way that if there is a failure of plastic parts or rubber parts there is a positive engagement,
e.g. by metal parts. There shall be no devices provided between load shaft or hoisting medium and the device
preventing the load from running back unintentionally, with which it is possible to interrupt the force flow.
5.4 Brakes for lifting and lowering movements
Winches shall be designed in such a way that movements can be decelerated, the load can be held, and that
unintended movements are avoided. In addition the rotating masses, the triggering limit of the rated capacity limiter
and the maximum speed, e.g. in the event of a phase failure, shall be taken into account.
Brakes shall engage automatically in the following cases:
when
a) the control device returns to its neutral position;
b) the emergency stop function is activated;
c) the external power supply to the brake is interrupted;
d) the power supply of the corresponding drive (= motor) is interrupted or switched off.
In case of winches with combustion engines this requirement is fulfilled if the winch is constructed in such a way
that:
 the load shall not lower in an uncontrolled manner in case of lack of fuel;
 the load shall not drop in case of lack of fuel.
In addition to letters a) to d), in the case of 3-phase motors, brakes shall engage automatically when
e) two phases of the power supply of the corresponding drive (= motor) are interrupted.
NOTE If only one phase fails, see 5.12.8.2.
With spring loaded brakes, brake springs shall be compression springs. They shall be guided. The coils of helical
springs shall not intertwine in the event of a wire break, so that the pre-stressing of the spring does not decrease in
an inadmissible way.
27
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
If the braking-force is supplied by pre-stressed springs, the failure of any spring in the braking system shall not
reduce the available braking torque by more than 20 %. This can be achieved, for example:
 by using at least 5 springs;
 if less than 5 helical springs are used, they shall be dimensioned such, that the wire diameter is greater than
the distance between the windings in the working condition to prevent screwing in of the two spring parts in the
event of a wire break.
The requirement "... the failure of any spring in the braking system shall not reduce the available braking torque by
more than 20 %" is not relevant for holding brakes. Where brakes act solely as holding brakes (also in the case of a
fault occurring), the rated capacity of the winch shall be held even if one spring breaks.
Brake linings shall be made of asbestos-free material. It shall be possible to check the wear of the brake linings in
those cases, where the service life is shorter than the theoretical period of utilization of the winch.
It shall be possible to check, adjust and replace the brake or the brake linings, when required in the user manual.
The connection between brake lining and brake lining holder shall not permit unintentional release.
5.5 Gearbox
Gearboxes shall be dimensioned in accordance with the winch loads and classifications in groups of mechanisms.
Dimensioning can be for example in accordance with FEM 9.901 or ISO 6336-5. The type of connection shall not
produce any impermissible stresses on the gears.
The gear reducer shall be supported and connected to the driving and driven mechanisms in such a way that no
impermissible and uncontrolled stresses or deformations are produced in the gears or bearings.
5.6 Load hooks
Hooks shall be designed in accordance with the state of the art.
NOTE Information is given in Annex E.
Hooks shall be such that the unintentional detachment of the load is prevented. This can be achieved by:
 a safety device or
 the shape of the hook.
Hooks equipped with a safety-latch fulfill these requirements.
5.7 Rope drive
5.7.1 General
Rope drives with steel wire ropes shall be dimensioned in accordance with ISO 4308-1:2003.
NOTE 1 For the calculation of rope drives, CEN/TS 13001-3-2 is available. After publication of this document as harmonized
European Standard, CEN/TC 147/WGP 7 will check to see how to update this European Standard and to make reference to this
document.
The fleet angle for grooved drums and rope sheaves should not exceed 4° for all ropes and 2° for rotation-resistant
rope.
NOTE 2 This is referring to ISO 4308-1:2003 and also EN 13135-2.
The amount of lateral deflection of ropes from the groove direction of drums and rope pulleys shall be such that the
rope lead-off cannot come into contact with the tip of the groove section of the drum.
28
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
In case of drums designed for single-layer winding and provided correspondingly with grooves, the rope, which is
running off, shall not come into contact with adjacent windings.
In the case of rope sheaves, the amount of deflection shall only be such that the rope cannot come into contact
with the edge of the groove section.
5.7.2 Rope drum
It shall not be possible for ropes to run off the side of the rope drums.
NOTE Suitable measures on drums are for example, flanged drum end plates, frame/housing, or rope guides.
Flanged drum end plates shall protrude beyond the rope wound on the drum at the top layer by at least 1,5 × the
nominal rope diameter.
Drums designed for single-layer winding shall be grooved. Grooving shall be smooth and free from surface defects
liable to damage the rope. The edges shall be rounded. These grooves should have a radius of
(0,525 to 0,56) × nominal rope diameter. The rope groove depth should be between 0,28 and 0,45 of the nominal
rope diameter. The groove pitch shall provide sufficient clearance between adjacent rope turns on the drum, taking
into account the rope tolerance.
The fixing point of the rope shall be easily accessible for maintenance and replacement of the rope.
Rope run-on points in the normal working position of the operating personnel and in the traffic area shall be
guarded to prevent accidental ingress of parts of the human body.
5.7.3 Ropes
Ropes used as carrying elements in rope drives shall be selected for the particular application and be made of
suitable materials so that they withstand the stresses resulting from an intended use; they shall be rated for a
period of service that exceeds the inspection intervals specified by the manufacturer.
In the case of a load suspended by a single-fall rope drive and not guided, rotation resistant ropes shall be used.
Discard criteria shall be recognisable from the outside. Discard criteria are described in ISO 4309.
Rope ends shall be made in such a way that the rope structure does not become detached.
Ropes manufactured from material other than steel shall only be used if the wear conditions are known and the
discard criteria are recognisable, in any case at least the following safety requirements connected to the specific
application shall be considered:
 fatigue;
 environment;
 rope structure;
 terminations;
 elasticity and plasticity of the rope;
 rope drum;
 sheaves;
 guides/rope runs;
 fastening;
29
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
 anchorage;
 number of layers.
The working coefficient for ropes other than steel shall be a minimum of 7.
5.7.4 Rope sheaves
Rope sheaves shall be provided with a suitable means of preventing the rope from jumping out of the grooves (e.g.
when the rope is slack).
The distance between the edge of the sheave and the protective components shall be less than 0,5 × nominal rope
diameter.
If the rope sheave breaks, it shall not be possible for the rope to slip off the sheave shaft.
Rope grooves on rope sheaves should have a groove radius of (0,52 to 0,56) × nominal rope diameter. The
opening angle of the rope sheave shall be symmetrical and between 30 and 60 degrees. The depth of the grooves
shall not be less than 1,4 × nominal rope diameter.
In the working and traffic area, rope run-on points on bottom blocks shall, as far as technically possible, have
features that prevent accidental ingress of parts of the human body.
NOTE Features may be e.g. handles, seizable hand gripping form (beads), covers.
5.7.5 Rope guides/rope runs
Rope drives shall be arranged in such a way that damage to the ropes by contact between them and with fixed and
moving structures is prevented.
5.7.6 Rope fastening onto the rope drum
Rope fastening onto the rope drum shall be made in such a way that at least 2,5 × the remaining static force at the
fastening device is accommodated when the rated capacity of the winch is applied to the winch taking into account
the friction effect of the winding on the drum. The coefficient of friction between wire rope and contact surface shall
be assumed to be µ = 0,1.
There shall be at least two rope windings remaining on the drum before the fixing point of the rope.
The fastening elements of the fixing point of the rope shall be selected taking into account the rope and drum
contours. The rope shall not be led over edges.
5.7.7 Rope anchorage
Rope anchorage shall be such that bending of the rope and other additional stresses on the wire rope are avoided.
With wire ropes which are not of the rotation resistant type, the rope anchorage shall be made in such a way that it
is not possible for the wire rope to twist about its longitudinal axis.
Rope anchorages shall be able to resist 2,5 × the static rope force corresponding either to the pulling force or to the
rated capacity of the winch without permanent deformation.
5.7.8 Rope end terminations
The following devices shall be used as rope end terminations:
a) asymmetric wedge socket clevis. This device shall be in accordance with EN 13411-6;
b) symmetric wedge socket clevis. This method of socketing shall be used only for rope diameters up to 8 mm. It
shall be in accordance with EN 13411-7;
30
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
c) metal and resin socketing. This device shall be in accordance with EN 13411-4;
d) wire rope clamps and clamping in accordance with EN 13411-3.
If not otherwise specified in the above mentioned European Standards, the rope-end terminations shall withstand a
force of at least 85 % of the minimum breaking force of the rope without rupture.
Wire rope grips and rope eyes in conjunction with wire rope grips shall not be used as rope-end terminations.
5.7.9 Traction winches
In case of traction winches, the traction shall be such that both during intended use and during tests according to
Clause 6 no slipping or creeping of the rope will occur.
The traction shall be proven, either by calculation or by experiment, for 1,5 × the rated capacity (pulling force)
during the intended period of utilisation. Here, wear and tear shall be taken into account, e.g. in case of winches
where the traction depends on the state of wear of the groove.
NOTE For traction calculation, see e.g. EN 81-1:1998, Annex M.
Ropes shall not be capable of running off the sides of the traction sheave.
NOTE Appropriate measures on traction sheaves are e.g. hoops or metal protection.
Where traction sheaves are grooved, the grooves shall correspond to the type and diameter of the rope intended to
be used together with the winch. The groove surfaces should have a roughness of not more than Ra = 6,3.
V-grooves without undercut groove base profile shall possess dimensional stability. This requirement shall be
considered fulfilled if the groove flanks have a hardness of at least 50 HRC.
The undercut groove base profile width B of the traction sheave grooves shall not exceed 0,8 × the rope diameter
or, if the rope diameter is less than 8 mm, 0,75 × the rope diameter (see Figure 2).
Figure 2 — Undercut groove base profile
5.8 Chain drives
5.8.1 General
Calculations for chain drives with short steel link chains shall be made in accordance with EN 818-1:1996 and EN
818-7:2002.
31
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
The components of the chain drive (i.e. chain, chain drive sprockets, chain wheels and chain guides) shall match
each other in terms of dimensions and materials. With the manufacturer's planned lubrication, chains shall be ready
for discarding due to wear before fatigue rupture.
Chain drive sprockets should be made in one piece; in the case of two-piece chain sprockets, the arrangement of
the two halves shall have positive engagement.
5.8.2 Chains
Short steel link chains shall be in accordance with EN 818-7.
For roller chains identification marks shall be placed at least every 80 links on the chain for traceability-purposes.
The geometry of roller chains shall be in accordance with ISO 606. The working coefficient for roller chains shall be
at least 6.
5.8.3 Chain guides
Chain drives shall be provided with a device which ensures that the chain runs properly over chain drive sprockets
and chain guide wheels and which prevents the chain from jumping out, twisting and jamming.
In the working and transport zone, chain run-in points (for round steel and roller chains) on chain wheels and
sprockets shall incorporate features which prevent manual ingress.
5.8.4 Chain anchorage
Chain anchorage devices shall withstand four times the static chain tensile force at rated capacity of the winch
without rupture.
Threaded connections on chain anchorage devices shall be locked to prevent self-loosening. The state of the
fastening shall be verifiable.
5.8.5 Securing the chain from running off
The unloaded end of the chain shall be secured against running off the chain sprocket. This safety arrangement
shall withstand the forces that occur when the end position is approached.
5.9 Belt drives
5.9.1 General
The drive shall be such that the belt is subject to uniform loading over its entire width under load conditions.
5.9.2 Belts
Belts used as load-bearing media in winches shall be selected for the particular operating conditions, be made of
suitable materials such that they withstand the permissible stresses, and shall be rated for a period of service
exceeding that specified by the manufacturer. Discard criteria shall be externally recognisable. A sufficient period of
service shall remain between readiness for discarding and rupture.
The materials of the belt shall be such that:
a) environmental influences do not result in premature failure;
b) damage caused by sharp edges or temperature influences do not lead to sudden failure of the belt;
c) contact with the belt does not constitute a danger of injury due to the type of belt.
The working coefficient shall not be less than 5 for belts with a metallic inlay or not less than 7 for belts without
metallic inlay.
32
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
5.9.3 Belt guide/belt pulleys/belt drum
The ratio of belt sheave and drum diameter to the rated belt thickness shall not be less than 18 (D/s ≥ 18).
If a slack belt situation is possible, provisions shall be made to ensure tight winding of the belt. It shall be ensured
that the belt is not able to run off the side of the pulley or drum. Rims shall be such that they do not damage the
belt which runs against them.
If an inclined pull is possible, measures shall be taken to avoid excessive loading in the edge zones, e.g. moveable
suspension of the lifting appliance.
5.9.4 Fastening to the drum
Belt drums shall incorporate features so that the belt can be securely attached to them without damage or bending.
Belt fastening onto the belt drum shall be made in such a way that at least 2,5 times the remaining static force at
the fastening device is accommodated when the rated capacity is applied to the winch taking into account the
friction effect of the winding on the drum. The specific friction values of the particular materials shall be considered
for calculation of the friction torque. It shall be assumed that lubricants are present on the materials.
A minimum of two windings shall always remain on the drum and the belt shall not be capable of being wound onto
the drum in the wrong direction.
5.9.5 Belt anchorage
Belt anchorage devices shall withstand four times the static belt tensile force at rated capacity of the winch without
destruction of the anchorage and its fastening elements.
Threaded connections on belt anchorage devices shall be locked to prevent self-loosening. The state of the
fastening shall be verifiable.
5.10 Pneumatic equipment
5.10.1 General
Pneumatic equipment shall be in accordance with EN 983.
All components and materials of equipment shall be compatible and suitable for the anticipated ambient conditions.
Sufficient air pressure shall be available for all operating modes at any point of the equipment in order to fulfil all
functions. A loss in pressure shall not result in hazards.
NOTE Due to the pneumatic drive characteristics, significant differences of lowering and lifting speed may exist.
5.10.2 Energy converters
5.10.2.1 Motors
Motors shall not create additional hazards by heating up nor by icing up.
5.10.2.2 Brakes
Winches using pneumatically released brakes shall be such that unexpected load lowering is prevented.
NOTE This requirement is fulfilled, for example, if the brake releases only, when the motor provides a sufficient moment for
holding the load or for controlling the load-movement.
33
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
5.10.3 Control devices/controls
Control devices shall be selected so that no pressure and flow disturbances can occur and their level of
performance is kept.
Control devices shall be arranged in the control system so that no unintended movements can occur.
Control devices in control systems shall be selected and arranged in such a way that in the case of a power failure
switching positions are automatically reached by spring force bringing the control into a neutral position. For direct-
controlled winches this requirement applies only, when the actuators are released.
Controls shall be such, that increasing/decreasing of the actuator-displacement provides increasing/decreasing of

the speed of the load.
5.10.4 Control units/control systems
System reaction times as a function of control line lengths shall be reduced to a minimum.
Triggering of machine movements by venting control lines is not permissible.
Control equipment for starting pneumatically operated winches shall automatically return to the neutral position
after being released.
Power valves shall have sufficient venting cross sections in their neutral position, to prevent malfunction of the
brake.
5.10.5 Protective measures
5.10.5.1 Emergency stop function
The emergency stop function shall conform to EN 418 with the following deviations.
The emergency stop function shall correspond to stop category 0 in accordance with 4.1.5 of EN 418:1992.
The requirement in EN 418:1992, 4.1.12, in accordance with which the resetting of the "Emergency stop" shall not
be permitted to initiate restarting does not apply for hand controlled winches in accordance with 5.2.1.
NOTE 1 Restarting following resetting of the "Emergency stop" is excluded owing to the automatically resetting operating
elements. No hazard occurs in the particular case of an internal error, since the winch is hand controlled.
In case of indirect control one of the following two requirements shall be fulfilled:
a) the emergency stop function shall interrupt the main air circuit via an additional main air valve, where as this
valve shall be designed so that sticking of that valve will not occur, or
b) main valve selection and a unit delivered with the winch providing the required air quality (admissible dust,
admissible water content, oil content) to ensure that sticking of the main air valve will not occur.
NOTE 2 Such a unit normally consists of filter, pressure regulator and oiler.
In case of direct control one of the following two requirements shall be fulfilled:
c) the emergency stop function shall interrupt directly the main air circuit, or
d) the actuating elements and the energy switching part of the hand control shall be positively connected. The
positive locking shall be designed in a way that the energy switching part can be returned by hand to a stable
neutral position.
Pull cord controls can be used, if they fulfil this requirement.
Apart from that, no further emergency stopping devices are required.
34
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
5.10.5.2 Pneumatic protection
Disconnection from the pressurised air supply shall not result in load dropping.
5.10.5.3 Mechanical protection
Moveable elements (e.g. cylinders) shall be arranged and/or covered so that hazards for persons or objects are
minimized.
5.10.5.4 Adjustable safety device
Those adjustable safety devices which can cause a hazardous situation, if their pre-set values are modified, shall
have means to prevent their readjustment by non-authorised persons. External devices shall have visible means,
such as:
a) lead-seals;
b) covers;
c) cups,
which need to be destroyed before a readjustment can take place.
Visible means are not necessary, if special tools specified by the manufacturer of the adjustable safety device shall
be used for readjustment.
5.11 Hydraulic equipment
5.11.1 General
Hydraulic equipment shall be in accordance with EN 982.
Hydraulic systems shall be such that only components and auxiliary materials are used which are compatible with
each other and ensure correct functioning under the anticipated environmental conditions (temperature, humidity).
5.11.2 Materials and auxiliary materials
Materials used, e.g. metals, elastomeric materials (e.g. pressure liquids, grease, coolant), shall be compatible with
each other.
Pressure liquids shall be selected so that under the given operating conditions, leakage and its effects are
minimised.
The composition of the liquids shall be so that it is not hazardous to the operating personnel of the winch.
If there is a possibility that the grease used can get into contact with the pressure liquid, it shall be compatible with
the pressure liquid.
Elastomeric, polyamid, caoutchouc material is used for static and dynamic seals, flexible and semirigid lines and for
coating several components (containers, reservoirs). These materials shall be compatible with the other materials
of components and systems and shall withstand the system pressures.
5.11.3 Energy converters
5.11.3.1 Cylinders
The piston and the piston rod shall be connected to each other so that they cannot detach during operation.
35
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Telescopic cylinders with two or more telescopic sections shall be such that the pistons cannot move out of the
cylinders.
The composition of the seals shall be selected so that they are compatible with the chemical composition of the
fluid used and shall continuously withstand the given operating temperature, rated pressure and rated speed,
without any impermissible leakage or extrusion.
If the strokes of cylinders are limited by mechanical limit stops, these shall be capable of withstanding all
operational forces.
5.11.3.2 Motors
For motors whereby internal leakage cannot be avoided, there shall be a device to ensure that the load is not
moved due to internal leakage. This requirement can be fulfilled for example by mechanical spring loaded brakes or
by self locking gears.
In all circumstances the pressure to the motor shall not be less than 1 bar in order to avoid vacuum in the motor.
5.11.4 Connecting elements and accessories
5.11.4.1 Tubing
Tubing shall be secured so that impermissible additional load (pressure, bending, temperature) does not occur
during operation, and wear and corrosion is minimized.
The connection to the energy converters shall be such that the transmission of vibration and noise is minimized.
5.11.4.2 Hoses
Hoses shall be fitted in such a way that no torsional strain occurs during assembling. The bending radius shall not
be less than the bending radius specified by the hose manufacturer, and there shall not be contact with obstacles
or adjacent components.
In order to avoid the risk of fatigue fracture of hoses, the installation requirements of the hose manufacturer shall be
fulfilled.
5.11.4.3 Reservoir
The reservoir shall be equipped with a fluid-level gauge. The reservoir size shall be selected so that the fluid cannot
overflow at all operating states.
The reservoir shall be located in the installation so that the necessary inflow into the pump is ensured.
The reservoir size shall be selected so that a sufficient fluid quantity within the permissible temperature range is
available at all operating states.
Ventilation of the reservoir shall be provided, in order to avoid impermissible under pressure or over pressure.
5.11.4.4 Cooler/heating
If the permissible upper operating temperature cannot be kept in the circuit by the container, a cooler shall be
provided. If the ambient temperature is lower than the lowest operating temperature, the manufacturer shall provide
for possibilities by means of which the liquid can be heated up to the required temperature.
NOTE This can be achieved e.g. by warming up the system without load or by fitting a heater.
5.11.4.5 Accumulator
Accumulators are used for storing hydraulic energy, e.g. compressed gas. In this case, liquid and gas shall be
separated by means of suitable separated elements. Nitrogen or other inert gases should be used as gas.
36
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
It shall be possible to close the accumulator by means of a valve in order to isolate the pressure supply from the
installation, if required.
5.11.4.6 Filters
Filters shall be provided in circuits where contamination continuously occurs.
Filters shall be equipped with a bypass for certain opening pressures, in order to keep the installation working in the
case of clogging. An exception is specified in EN 982:1996, 5.3.7 for servo valves and proportional pressure-
reducing valves. The flow through the bypass shall be indicated by a signal if the maintenance intervals do not
exclude a hazardous condition.
5.11.5 Control devices/controls
Control devices shall be selected so that no pressure and flow disturbances can occur and their level of
performance is kept.
Control devices shall be arranged in the control system so that no unwanted functions of the systems (by reaction
or similar) can occur.
Control devices in control systems shall be selected and arranged in such a way that in the case of a control power
failure switching positions are reached automatically, bringing the installation to a standstill.
Hydraulic cylinders for lifting movements shall be equipped with load holding valves to prevent lowering in the case
of a pressure failure. The load holding valves shall be directly connected to the cylinders exclusively using metallic
connecting elements. Hydraulic connections between the load holding valve and the cylinder or motor shall consist
of steel tubing; flexible hoses shall not be used.
5.11.6.1 Emergency stop function
The emergency stop function shall conform to EN 418 with the following deviations.
The emergency stop function shall correspond to stop category 0 in accordance with 4.1.5 of EN 418:1992.
The requirement in EN 418:1992, 4.1.12, in accordance with which the resetting of the "Emergency stop" shall not
be permitted to initiate restarting does not apply for manually controlled winches in accordance with 5.2.1.
NOTE Restarting following resetting of the "Emergency stop" is excluded owing to the automatically resetting operating
elements. No hazard occurs in the particular case of an internal error, since the hoist unit is hand controlled.
In case of indirect control the emergency stop function shall interrupt the main hydraulic circuit via an additional
hydraulic valve, which is designed so, that sticking of the piston will not occur.
In case of direct control one of the following two requirements shall be fulfilled:
a) the emergency stop function shall interrupt directly the main hydraulic circuit, or
b) the actuating elements and the energy switching part of the hand control shall be positively connected. The
positive locking shall be designed in a way that the energy switching part can be returned by hand to a stable
neutral position.
Apart from that, no further emergency stopping devices are required.
37
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
5.11.6.2 Hydraulic protection
Hydraulic systems shall be protected against overpressure of the fluid and overspeed of the load. These protective
devices shall act on the hydraulic circuits and elements so that the flow rate and pressure are limited to permissible
values. In the case of a power failure, all movements shall be stopped.
5.11.6.3 Mechanical protection
Hydraulic systems shall be arranged and/or covered in such a way that hazards for persons or objects are
minimized.
5.11.6.4 Adjustable safety device
Those adjustable safety devices which can cause a hazardous situation, if their pre-set values are modified shall
have means to prevent their readjustment by non-authorised persons.
External devices shall have visible means such as;
a) lead-seals;
b) covers;
c) cup,
which need to be destroyed before a readjustment can take place.
Visible means are not necessary, if special tools (i.e. not commercially available) specified by the manufacturer of
the adjustable safety device, are necessary for readjustment.
5.11.6.5 Fire
Hydraulic systems shall be such that leaking fluid cannot cause a fire. Devices reaching higher temperatures when
being operated (also electrical equipment through sparks or short circuit) shall be thermally separated from devices
carrying oil by means of a suitable enclosure, in order to avoid ignition. Under these circumstances flame-retardant
hydraulic liquid shall be used.
5.11.6.6 Explosion hazards
Hydraulic systems with chambers or hollows shall be equipped with aeration equipment, in order to prevent an
explosion hazard. If hydraulic systems are used in environment with an explosion hazard, only flame-retardant
hydraulic liquids shall be used.
5.12 Electrical equipment of winches
5.12.1 General
The electrical equipment of winches shall conform to EN 60204-32 with the following deviations.
5.12.2 Electrical supply
In addition to EN 60204-32:1998, 4.3.1, the following applies:
The winch shall be designed such that it operates reliably in the event of a voltage drop at the winch of up to 5 %
between no-load operation and the peak current of the largest motor.
5.12.3 Ambient and operating conditions
5.12.3.1 Electromagnetic compatibility
Winches shall be in accordance with EN 60204-32:1998, 4.4.2.

38
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
5.12.3.2 Degree of protection of enclosures for outdoor application
The enclosures for electrical equipment, with exception of the motor, shall have at least a degree of protection
IP 55 in accordance with EN 60529.
The enclosure of the motor shall have a degree of protection of at least IP 54.
A suitable opening may be provided in the base of enclosures so that moisture due to condensation may drain
away.
5.12.4 Supply disconnecting (isolating) and switching devices
Remark concerning the application of EN 60204-32:1998, 5.3. The electrical equipment of a winch shall contain
devices for the following functions:
a) isolation of the electrical equipment from the mains power supply so that work may be performed without the
risk of electric shock or burning;
b) switching-off in the event of emergency switching off or emergency stop.
NOTE The "isolation" function a) may be fulfilled by a crane-supply switch, a crane switch, or, as described in
EN 60204-32:1998, 5.3.2, letter d), a plug/socket combination.
The crane-supply switch or crane switch shall meet the requirements of EN 60204-32:1998, 5.3.2 to 5.3.4, for the
"Isolation" function.
The "Switching-off" function b) may be fulfilled by a crane switch in accordance with EN 60204-32:1998, 5.3.7.
5.12.5 Overload protection of motors
Winch motors specified in accordance with 5.12.8 require no protective measures in accordance with EN 60204-
32:1998, 7.3.
5.12.6 Control circuits and control functions
With regard to 9.2.2 of EN 60204-32:1998, certain control systems (e.g. for converters) may have a short time
delay before the supply power is removed, for ensuring that no additional hazard occurs.
5.12.7 Emergency stop function
Winches shall be provided with an emergency stop function in accordance with EN 60204-32.
For cable-less controls see EN 60204-32:1998, 9.2.7.3.
The requirement in EN 60204-32:1998, 9.2.5.4.2, in accordance with which the resetting of the "Emergency stop"
shall not be permitted to initiate restarting does not apply for hand controlled winches in accordance with 5.2.1.
NOTE Restarting following resetting of the "Emergency stop" is excluded owing to the automatically resetting operating
elements. No hazard occurs in the particular case of an internal error, since the winch unit is hand controlled.
A plug/socket device shall not be considered as emergency stop function.
5.12.8 Electric motors
5.12.8.1 General
Motors shall be selected in accordance with Annex J of EN 14492-2:2006, where applicable, with single-phase
motors being excluded.
39
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
For single-phase motors the relevant calculation methods shall be used. The selection shall be in accordance with
EN 60034-1.
5.12.8.2 Failure of power supply
Electric winches shall incorporate features so that:
a) the load cannot lower in an uncontrolled manner if a phase should fail;
b) the load cannot drop if a phase should fail.
5.12.8.3 Mechanical limit speed, maximum permissible operating speed
5.12.8.3.1 Winch motors
A motor shall be selected so that the mechanical limit speed will not be reached within the foreseeable braking
delay in the event of power loss. A motor for variable speed drive shall be selected so that the mechanical limit
speed will not be exceeded in case of switching off by an overspeed protection during lowering with maximum
speed and the appropriate load or in case of converter malfunction.
5.12.8.3.2 Three-phase slipring motors
The mechanical limit revolutions shall correspond at least to the values in Table 3 (at 50 Hz):
Table 3 — Limit revolutions for three-phase slipring motors

–1
Synchronous revolutions min 3 000 1 500 1 000 750 600
–1
Mechanical limit revolutions min 4 500 3 000 2 000 1 500 1 200
–1
Recommended mechanical limit revolutions min 2 500 1 875 1 500
5.12.8.4 Minimum motor stall torque for hoisting motions
5.12.8.4.1 Three phase slipring motors
Stall torques for three-phase slipring motors with contactor control relative to the rated winch motor torques Mn at
S3 40 % (see EN 60034-1) shall reach the values given in Table 4:
Table 4 — Stall torques for three-phase slipring motors with contactor control
Frame size (IEC 60072-1) and revolutions Winch motor stall torque at S3 40 % duty
–1 –1
For frame sizes 100 to 160, at 3 000 min , 1 500 min and at least 2,2 × Mn
–1
1 000 min
–1 –1
For frame sizes 180 to 225, at 1 000 min and 750 min at least 2,2 × Mn
–1
For frame sizes 250 to 400, at 600 min at least 2,2 × Mn
For all other frame sizes and revolutions at least 2,5 × Mn
5.12.8.4.2 Other motor types
The minimum motor stall torque shall prevent the fall of the load.
5.12.8.5 Slipring motors
With slipring motors an uncontrolled lowering of the load is possible particularly under the following conditions:
40
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
a) intentional or unintentional operation with a reverse current characteristic not matched to the load to be
lowered;
b) operation of the motor with an open rotor or unintentional interruption of the rotor circuit in which case the
power supply is not interrupted immediately and therefore the brakes are not applied.
If it is not possible to exclude these possibilities, the winch equipment shall comprise
c) either devices that prevent start-up of the load or stop movement immediately as soon as the possible cause of
uncontrolled lowering has been discovered; or
d) devices that stop the hoisting movement before the lowering speed reaches the maximum permissible limit
speed specified in 5.12.8.3.2, Table 3.
See also provisions of 7.6 and 9.5 of EN 60204-32:1998.
5.12.9 Electric motion limiters
5.12.9.1 General
Electrical motion limiters shall be realised electromechanically, with a positive-opening function (definition as
in 3.46 of EN 60204-32:1998), or they shall possess a comparable safety, for electronic systems at least category 2
of !EN ISO 13849-1".
5.12.9.2 Second limiter (back-up limiter)
Where for the switching off of a movement a second limiter is provided behind the first one, such a second limiter
should have a different circuit from the first one and initiate a category 0 stop function in accordance with 9.2.2 of
EN 60204-32:1998.
The requirements of 5.12.9.1 apply only to the second limiter. If an overriding device of the first limiter for test
purposes is provided, this shall only be by means of a hold-to-run control device. Second limiters shall not have
override facilities.
5.12.10 Temperature
The provision of 4.4.3 of EN 60204-32:1998 shall apply unless otherwise specified between the user and the
supplier.
NOTE Beyond the temperature range given in 4.4.3 of EN 60204-32:1998 (0 °C to 40 °C), outdoor-winches may need a
wider temperature range, such as – 20 °C to 55° C.
5.13 Reduction of noise by design
5.13.1 General
Noise is a significant hazard where the position of the operator is located in the vicinity of one or more of the noise
sources mentioned in 5.13.2 and they have a:
a) high energy level and/or
b) high operating speed.
If noise constitutes a significant hazard, the design shall provide for a low noise level. In this case the
recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and equipment according with EN ISO 11688-1 shall
be taken into consideration.
NOTE EN ISO 11688-2 provides useful information on noise generation mechanisms in machinery.
41
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
5.13.2 Main noise sources on winch units
Main noise sources are:
a) winch mechanisms (motor, gearbox, brake, chain, rope or belt drives);
b) control cabinets;
c) external devices, e.g. motor fans;
d) hydraulic pumps;
e) pneumatic drives.
5.13.3 Measures for noise reduction
Typical measures for noise reduction are:
a) selection of low-noise components;
b) use of flexible securing means which prevent the transmission of structure-borne sound between the
components and the structure.
Other measures with identical or increased efficiency may be used.
A typical measure is the use of enclosures reducing noise around components with a high noise emission.
5.13.5 Information on noise
Information on residual risk shall be given to the user, see 7.2.
5.14 Winches for use in a potentially explosive atmosphere
5.14.1 General
Winches intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres shall be designed and constructed in accordance
with good engineering practice and in conformity with the required categories for group II equipment of EN 13463-1
to ensure avoidance of any ignition sources as detailed in EN 1127-1. To classify the category of the non electrical
equipment of the winch, it shall be subjected to an ignition hazard assessment in accordance with 5.2 of EN 13463-
1,2001.
The following requirements shall be met; additional information is given in Annex B.
5.14.2 Electrical equipment of winches
Electrical equipment of winches which are intended for use in Zone 1 shall be at least Category 2 (see EN 1127-1,
Annex B) and shall comply with the requirements of EN 60079-0. Where relevant, EN 60079-0 may be
supplemented or modified by the following European Standards: EN 50015, EN 60079-2, EN 50017, EN 60079-1,
EN 60079-7 and EN 50020, EN 60079-18, prEN 50039, as appropriate.
Electrical equipment of winches which are intended for use in Zone 2 shall be at least Category 3 (see EN 1127-1,
Annex B) and shall comply with the requirements of EN 60079-0 and EN 60079-7.
5.14.3 Non-electrical equipment of winches
Non-electrical equipment of winches which are intended for use in a potentially explosive atmosphere shall comply
with the requirements of EN 13463-1 and EN 13463-5 and, where relevant, with the selected European Standard
for the specific type of ignition protection.
42
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Category 3 equipment for use in zone 2 shall not contain any effective ignition source in normal operation.
Category 2 equipment for use in zone 1 shall not contain any effective ignition source during foreseeable
malfunctions or rare malfunctions.
5.14.4 Electrostatic discharge
Undesirable electrostatic discharges shall be avoided (see 7.4 of EN 13463-1:2001) by earthing and
interconnecting all the metallic components of electrical and non-electrical equipment and surrounding metal parts.
NOTE Further information on this topic is given in the CENELEC report R044-001 "Safety of machinery – Guidance and
recommendations for the avoidance of hazards due to static electricity" which is prepared by CLC/TC 44x.
5.15 Additional requirements for vehicle recovery winches and winches on boat trailers
5.15.1 General
The following requirements apply additionally or by way of deviation from the requirements laid down in 5.1 to 5.14,
as well as from all annexes.
5.15.2 Rated capacity limiter
Where the risk analysis reveals that there is no hazard of overloading the winch and its supporting structure when
using it under the conditions intended by the manufacturer, there is no need to provide a rated capacity limiter.
Conditions for this are that the load is prevented from running back and that a failure of the driving motor is
excluded.
NOTE A rated capacity limiter is not necessary, if e.g. the limited driving power of the motor prevents overloading of the
winch and the supporting structure.
5.15.3 Motion limiters
Motion limiters are not required.
5.15.4 Freespooling clutches
Where engaging and disengaging clutches are used for the purpose of pulling out the hoist medium, these clutches
should not be capable of being engaged and disengaged at a pulling force corresponding to 3 % of the maximum
pulling force (resulting from the rated capacity of the winch).
As far as winches with multi-layer winding are concerned, it shall be taken into consideration that, as a rule, the
rated capacity decreases with increasing number of rope layers; the lowest value of the rated capacity shall be
taken into consideration.
5.15.5 Auxiliary brake
When for freespooling of the hoist medium the winch drive is put into idle mode, devices shall be provided which
prevent an uncontrolled unwinding of the hoist medium.
5.15.6 Rope drives
Rope drives shall at least correspond to the conditions of 1) or 2):
1) the working coefficient for the first rope layer shall be at least 2. In this case, the working coefficient shall be
determined from the ratio of the minimum breaking force of the rope and the maximum possible pulling force.
The maximum possible pulling force results from the maximum motor torque respectively from the maximum
force when the rated capacity limiter operates.
The D/d ratio to the centre of the rope shall be at least:

43
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
 10 for drums;
 11,2 for sheaves;
2) the working coefficient for the first rope layer shall be at least 2.
NOTE The working coefficient is the ratio from the minimum breaking force and the rated tensile force indicated on the
nameplate.
 11,2 for drum;
 12,5 for sheaves.
The rated capacity limiter shall ensure that the value of 1,2 times the static rated tensile force is not exceeded.
5.15.7 Electrical supply (battery)
The winch shall be designed in such a way that in case of a voltage drop at the electrical power supply the load is
prevented from running back.
5.16 Additional requirements for forestry winches
5.16.1 General
as well as from all annexes.
5.16.2 Lifting and lowering limiters
The risk analysis may show that either the lifting limiter or the lowering limiter or both are not necessary.
5.16.3 Braking device
If freespooling of the hoist medium is necessary, the braking device may be designed in such a way that it is
capable of being arrested in the released position.
Where the load may get caught or jammed during the pushing operation, the winch may be provided with a hold-to-
run control device for releasing the brake.
5.16.4 Auxiliary brake
If, for freespooling of the hoist medium, the winch drive is put into idle mode, devices shall be provided which
prevent an uncontrolled unwinding of the hoist medium.
5.16.5 Ropes
The working coefficient for the first rope layer on the drum shall be at least 2.
NOTE The working coefficient is the ratio from the minimum breaking force of the rope and the maximum possible pulling
force. The maximum possible pulling force results from the maximum motor torque or from the maximum force when the rated
capacity limiter is operating, respectively.
5.16.6 Rope drum
Related to the rope axis, the ratio of drum diameter and rope diameter shall be at least 10.
Flanged drum end plates shall protrude beyond the rope wound on the drum at the last layer by at least 2 times the
nominal rope diameter.
44
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
5.16.7 Rope fastening onto the rope drum
Where the drum is equipped with a detachable rope fastening, this shall be designed in such a way that it detaches
in case of a smaller pulling force resulting from 30 % of the rated capacity, when the rope is wound completely off
the drum.
The device shall not detach accidentally when winding the rope off the drum by hand.
5.16.8 Rope end terminations
For forestry winches used for pulling on the ground, the following rope end terminations shall be used:
a) wire rope clamps made of aluminium wrought alloys according to EN 13411-3;
b) Flemish eye with aluminium wire rope clamp according to EN 13411-3.
5.16.9 Mechanical protection
The winch control station shall be located and/or safeguarded in such a way that whiplashing slings and hoist
media respectively cannot cause injuries of persons.
5.17 Additional and deviating requirements for winches for pulling purposes
5.17.1 General
For winches for pulling purposes, exclusively the operating condition defined as pulling by 3.17 is considered
intended use.
as well as from all annexes, with the term "rated capacity" being replaced by "pulling force".
5.17.2 Rated capacity limiter
Where the risk analysis shows that the hazard of overloading the winch is not present under the conditions
provided by the manufacturer, a rated capacity limiter is not required.
NOTE A rated capacity limiter is not required if e.g. due to the limited driving power of the motor it is not possible to
overload the winch by 1,4 times the pulling force and if a failure of the drive motor is excluded.
45
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
5.17.3 Motion limiters
Limiters for the end positions are not required.
NOTE A motion limiter is not required as due to the arrangement of the operating elements, the operator has the possibility
to check the winding behaviour of the pulling medium and the pulling medium running into the box without any hindrance.
5.17.4 Free spooling clutch
Where, for the purpose of pulling out by hand the pulling medium, engaging and disengaging clutches are used,
these should be secured against unintended operation. This requirement is considered fulfilled if
a) it is not possible to engage or disengage the clutch at a pulling force of more than 3 % of the pulling capacity
or
b) if it is possible to secure both engagement positions with positively engaging means.
5.17.5 Auxiliary means for pulling out the pulling medium
If for the purpose of pulling out the pulling medium the drive is disconnected from the drum, devices or elements
should be provided which prevent the pulling medium from uncontrolled unwinding.
NOTE For pulling out by hand the pulling medium, devices or elements should exist that have a braking effect on the drum
(e.g. pressure roll).
5.17.6 Rope drives
Rope drives shall at least correspond to the conditions of 1) or 2):
1) the working coefficient for the first rope layer shall be at least 2. In this case, the working coefficient shall be
determined from the ratio of the minimum breaking force of the rope and the maximum possible pulling force.
The maximum possible pulling force results from the maximum force when the rated capacity limiter operates,
if fitted, or from the maximum motor torque.
 16 for drum;
 18 for sheaves;
2) the working coefficient for the first rope layer shall be at least 3.
In this case, the working coefficient shall be determined from the ratio of the minimum breaking force of the
rope and the rated pulling force at the middle layer.
 16 for drum;
 18 for sheaves.
The rated capacity limiter shall ensure that the value of 1,2 times the static rated tensile force is not exceeded.
6 Verification of the safety requirements and/or protective measures
6.1 Winches manufactured in series
Conformity with each safety requirement and/or measure (given in Clause 5) shall be verified by a type verification
for the first sample of a series of winches of the same type (column 3 of Table 5) and by an individual verification
46
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
for each winch of the series (column 4 of Table 5). Individual verification is carried out either during manufacture,
assembly or commissioning.
6.2 Winches designed individually
Conformity with each safety requirement and/or measure (given in Clause 5) shall be verified for individually
designed winches by the method of type verification in Table 5, column 3. Verification is carried out either during
manufacturing, assembly or commissioning.
47
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Table 5 — Methods to be used to verify conformity with the safety requirements and/or measures
Sub-
clause Requirement Method of type verification Method of individual verification
number
5.1 General  check of calculation  dynamic test with 1,1 × rated capacity of the winch and static
 dynamic test with 1,1 × rated capacity of the winch and test with 1,25 × rated capacity of the winch to check the
static test with 1,25 × rated capacity of the winch to check mechanical strength
the mechanical strength and check of calculation
 function test, visual inspection
Testing procedures for verification of classification
1. General
For the verification of the classification of a winch, the procedure
described in Annex G of EN 14492-2:2006 shall be applied.
Here, the requirements for the load in the testing procedure
listed in 2. Load shall apply additionally or by way of deviation.
2. Load
The whole test shall be carried out with a load condition
corresponding to the rated capacity. For winches with multi-layer
winding, it is admissible to take a mean of the load condition.
From a winding of three rope layers onwards, the test may be
carried out with a corresponding load increase in the first rope
layer, if the calculation of the rope drum takes into account the
multi-layer winding.
For winches for pulling purposes, suspended or guided loads

may be used
5.2.1 Control devices Function test, visual inspection Function test, visual inspection
5.2.2.1 Rated capacity limiters – Test by submitting the winch to an overload condition and Test by submitting the winch to an overload condition and
General checking that the controls have been overridden (see EN 12077- checking that the controls have been overridden (see
2:1998, Clause 6) EN 12077-2:1998, Clause 6)
48
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Table 5 (continued)
Sub-
number
5.2.2.2 Setting Test by increasing the load to confirm that the factors φDAL or α Test by increasing the load to confirm that the factors φDAL or α of
of the rated capacity limiter are within the tolerance specified by the rated capacity limiter are within the tolerance specified by the
the manufacturer and are not outside the maximum value in manufacturer and are not outside the maximum value in
accordance with 5.2.2.2.2 or 5.2.2.2.3 at any speed specified by accordance with 5.2.2.2.2 or 5.2.2.2.3 at any speed specified by
the manufacturer the manufacturer
5.2.2.4 Additional requirements for Test with rated capacity of the winch to confirm that the friction !See 5.2.2.2"
friction torque limiters torque limiter satisfy the requirements after hoisting movement
stopped by the housing of the winch
5.2.3 Emergency stop function Function test, visual inspection Function test, visual inspection
5.2.4 Lifting and lowering limiters Function test Function test
5.2.5 Categories of controls Check of design Function test
Check of the documentation
Function test
5.3 Couplings Visual inspection –
5.4 Brakes for lifting and lowering Dynamic test with 1,1 ✕rated capacity of the winch Dynamic test with 1,1 × rated capacity of the winch
movements Visual inspection Visual inspection
5.5 Gearbox See 5.1 –
5.6 Load hooks Visual inspection Visual inspection
5.7.1 Rope drives – Visual inspection Visual inspection
General Check of calculation
5.7.2 Rope drum Visual inspection Visual inspection
Measurement
5.7.3 Ropes Check of test certificate Check of test certificate
Visual inspection Visual inspection
5.7.4 Rope sheaves Visual inspection Visual inspection
Measurement
49
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Table 5 (continued)
Sub-
number
5.7.5 Rope guides/rope runs Visual inspection Visual inspection
5.7.6 Rope fastening onto the rope Check of calculation Visual inspection
drum Visual inspection
5.7.7 Rope anchorage Visual inspection Visual inspection
Check of calculation
5.7.8 Rope end terminations Visual inspection Visual inspection
5.7.9 Traction winches — Check of calculation Visual inspection
— visual inspection
— check traction by dynamic test with 1,5 × the rated capacity
5.8.1 Chain drives – Check of calculation Visual inspection

General Visual inspection
5.8.2 Chains Check of test certificate Check of test certificate
Visual inspection Visual inspection
5.8.3 Chain guides Visual inspection Visual inspection
5.8.4 Chain anchorage Check of calculation Visual inspection
Visual inspection
5.8.5 Securing the chain from Visual inspection Visual inspection
running off Dynamic test with 1,1 × rated capacity of the winch
5.9.1 Belt drives – General Visual inspection Visual inspection
5.9.2 Belts Check of test certificate Check of test certificate
5.9.3 Belt guide/belt pulleys/belt Check of calculation –
drum Measurement
5.9.4 Fastening to the drum Visual inspection Visual inspection
50
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Table 5 (continued)
Sub-
number
5.9.5 Belt anchorage Visual inspection Visual inspection
5.10.1 Pneumatic equipment – Check of documentation and calculation, visual inspection –
General
Design equipment to conform
to EN 983
Air pressure Test that the winch is always able to hold a suspended load –
equal to the rated capacity of the winch when it is started up at
— 90 %
— 80 %
— 70 %
— 60 %
of the rated pressure
5.10.2.1 Energy transformers –Motors Function test –
5.10.2.2 Brakes Test as in 5.10.1 –
5.10.3 Control devices/controls Check of the documentation Function test
Function test
5.10.4 Control units/control systems Check of the documentation Function test
Function test
Visual inspection
5.10.5.1 Protective measures – Function test, visual inspection Function test, visual inspection
Emergency stop function
5.10.5.2 Pneumatic protection Function test –
5.10.5.3 Mechanical protection Function test Visual inspection
5.10.5.4 Adjustable safety device Visual inspection Visual inspection
51
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Table 5 (continued)
Sub-
number
5.11.1 Hydraulic equipment Check of the documentation and calculation, visual inspection Visual inspection
General
5.11.2 Materials and auxiliary Check of the documentation and calculation Visual inspection
materials Visual inspection
5.11.3 Energy converters Dynamic load test with 1,1 × the rated capacity of the winch at Function test
maximum permissible hydraulic pressure Visual inspection
Function test
Visual inspection
5.11.4 Connecting elements and Check of the documentation Visual inspection
accessories Function test
Visual inspection
5.11.5 Control devices/controls Check of design Function test
Function test
5.11.6.1 Protective measures – Function test Function test
Emergency stop function Visual inspection Visual inspection
5.11.6.2 Hydraulic protection Check of the flow diagram Function test
5.11.6.3 Mechanical protection Check of the documentation Visual inspection
5.11.6.4 Adjustable safety device Function test –

5.11.6.5 Fire Visual inspection –
5.11.6.6 Explosion hazards Check of documentation –
Visual inspection
52
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Table 5 (continued)
Sub-
number
5.12.1 Electrical equipment of  Visual inspection  Visual inspection
winches - General
 Verification that the electrical equipment is in compliance  Continuity of the protective bonding circuit (see 19.2 of EN
with the technical documentation 60204-32:1998)
 Continuity of the protective bonding circuit (see 19.2 of EN  insulation resistance tests (see 19.3 of EN 60204-32:1998)
60204-32:1998)  function tests (see 19.4 of EN 60204-32:1998)
 Insulation resistance tests (see 19.3 of EN 60204-32:1998)
 Function tests (see 19.4 of EN 60204-32:1998)
5.12.2 Electrical supply Test: Start-up of the winch motor for the lifting motion with rated –
capacity of the winch at 0,85 of the rated voltage
5.12.3.1 Ambient and operating Either test: Visual inspection
conditions -  Immunity to interference in accordance with EN 61000-6-2 EMC conformity declaration
Electromagnetic compatibility  Emissions in accordance with EN 61000-6-4 or to the
intended operating environments e.g. EN 61000-6-3
or:
 Check of documentation for winches constructed of only
EMC-certified electrical and electronic components
5.12.3.2 Degree of protection of EN 60529 EN 60529
enclosures for outdoor
application
5.12.4 Supply disconnecting Check of circuit diagrams and selection of the equipment Visual inspection of the electrical circuit diagrams and equipment
(isolating) and switching of the winch mechanism
devices
5.12.5 Overload protection of motors Check of the calculation –
5.12.6 Control circuits and control Check of design Function test
functions Check of the documentation
Function test
5.12.7 Emergency stop function Function test, visual inspection Function test see also check for 5.2.3
Visual inspection
53
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Table 5 (continued)
Sub-
number
5.12.8.1 Electric motors Check of the calculation –
General
5.12.8.2 Failure of power supply Test with rated capacity of the winch by interrupting a phase –
5.12.9 Electric motion limiters Check of documentation Function test
Function test
5.12.10 Temperature Check of documentation –
5.13 Reduction of noise by design Check of documentation –
Measurements in accordance with Annex F
5.14 Winches for use in a Check of calculation –
potentially explosive
atmosphere
5.15.4 Freespooling clutches Function test Function test
5.15.5 Auxiliary brake Function test Function test
5.15.6 Rope drive Check of the calculation –
5.15.7 Electric supply (battery) Function test Function test
5.16.3 Braking device Visual inspection Visual inspection
Function test Function test
5.16.4 Auxiliary brake Function test Function test
5.16.5 Ropes Check of the calculation –
5.16.6 Rope drum Check of the calculation –
5.16.7 Rope fastening onto the rope Function test –
drum
5.16.8 Rope end terminations Visual inspection Visual inspection
5.16.9 Mechanical protection Visual inspection Visual inspection
5.17.2 Rated capacity limiter Function test Function test
54
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Table 5 (continued)
Sub-
number
5.17.3 Motion limiters Function test –
5.17.4 Free spooling clutch Function test Function test
5.17.5 Auxiliary means for pulling out Function test Function test
the pulling medium
5.17.6 Rope drives Check of calculation –
55
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
7 User information
7.1 General
NOTE Reference is made to Clause 5 of EN ISO 12100-2:2003.
The manufacturer shall provide operating instructions containing information and instructions for the
commissioning, use, regular tests and inspections and maintenance of the winch mechanism. Information for use of
the machine shall be provided in accordance with Clause 6 of EN ISO 12100-1:2003.
!Sales literature describing the winch shall not contradict the operating instructions, as regards health and safety
aspects. Sales literature describing the performance characteristics of the winch shall contain the same information
on emissions as is contained in the operating instructions."
7.2 Special requirements
The operating instructions shall describe the type of the winch with clear reference to the present winch.
!The use for which the winch is intended shall be clearly described. Warnings shall be provided with regard to
misuse of the winch which, according to experience, may occur." The admissible scope of use of the winch
(lifting, pulling, etc. of loads) shall be clearly described. This shall also contain design limitations, e.g. the theoretical
duration of service. The measures to be taken when the winch mechanism has reached the end of its theoretical
duration of service shall be described in accordance with ISO 12482-1.
Information regarding the utilisation of the hoisting and lowering limiter during normal operation and periodical
inspection shall be given.
Optional features of the winch, e.g. devices for lowering the load in the event of a power failure, shall be described.
If a second limiter is required referring to 5.2.4.2 and this limiter is a friction torque limiter, the inspection of the
function of the first limiter shall be described in the handbook.
The operating instructions shall always include the following instructions:
a) the necessary training for the operating personnel shall be described;
b) the user shall ensure that the operating personnel are given the necessary training;
c) the operator shall always work in compliance with the operating instructions;
d) the user shall initiate movements of the load with the lowest available speed. The rope (chain, belt) shall be
tightened and shall not be in the slack-condition when the load movement begins;
e) it is forbidden to move loads above the rated capacity of the winch;
f) do not try to move fixed or obstructed loads;
g) with winches for lifting and lowering suspended loads, side-pull of load is not allowed;
h) excessive inching (e.g. giving short pulses to the motor) shall be avoided;
i) ban on transporting persons.
All maintenance and repair work required to ensure the safe functioning of the winch mechanism shall be
described, e.g.:
j) lubrication of ropes, chains, gearboxes, bearings, hooks etc.;
k) inspection of wearing parts such as ropes, chains, hooks, belts and brake linings. Specification of test and
inspection intervals and discard criteria;
56
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
l) operating principle of safety devices and requirements in the event that these devices are triggered, e. g.,
resetting the emergency stop device;
m) information shall be given how to verify the proper function of the limiters.
n) measures to avoid possible damage of the winch in case if the phase sequence is incorrect, shall be given in
the user information.
The following information shall be provided, if necessary:
 limitations for operation, e.g. setting down the load when in the vicinity of the upper hook position.
For pneumatic and hydraulic winches the following data shall be provided in the user information regarding the
supply of pressurised fluid:
 pressure;
 flow;
 quality.
!Regarding airborne noise emission, the following information o) to t) shall be given:
o) the A-weighted emission sound pressure level at the operator position, where this exceeds 70 dB(A); where
this level does not exceed 70 dB(A), this fact shall be indicated;
p) the peak C-weighted instantaneous emission sound pressure value at the operator position, where this
exceeds 63 Pa (130 dB in relation to 20 µPa);
q) the A-weighted sound power level, where the A-weighted emission sound pressure level at the operator
position exceeds 80 dB(A);
r) for construction winches the A-weighted sound power level shall always be stated;
s) the measurement procedure and detailed operating conditions during noise emission measurements shall be
stated;
t) a recommendation for operators and servicemen to wear hearing protection when the winch is used in a noisy
environment or the A-weighted emission sound pressure level due to the winch is high at the operator position.
NOTE Information on noise emission should also be provided in the sales literature.
These values shall be either those actually measured for the winch in question or those established on the basis of
measurements taken for a technically comparable winch which is representative of the winch to be produced."
The manufacturer shall provide information how to check and to set the rated capacity limiter. Setting and checking
of the rated capacity limiter shall be done in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer by competent
persons only. He shall request from these competent persons, to document the test result in the logbook.
For the installation and use of the winch in supporting structures the manufacturer shall provide those information
which enables the designer of the supporting structure to take into account the static and dynamic maximum forces
which may occur during operation of the rated capacity limiter of the winch. Information to be provided (see 5.2.2):
In case of direct acting rated capacity limiters:
φDAL: force-limit factor.
In case of indirect acting rated capacity limiters:
α: triggering-factor;
57
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Cmed rigidity of the hoisting medium (rope or chain or belt);
∆tIAL time lapse after attaining load level α ⋅ mRC to when actual motion braking commences [s];
∆tbt motion braking time affected by the combined hoist medium tension and brake torque [s].
Also F max, L in accordance with 5.2.2.3 shall be provided.
!Where appropriate, the operating instructions shall be accompanied by a test report detailing the static and
dynamic tests carried out by or for the manufacturer or his authorized representative."
7.3 Marking
Marking shall be in accordance with EN 12644-2.
Every winch shall be provided with the following information in a lasting and easily legible manner on a part which
can be removed only by using tools:
1) !business name and full address of the manufacturer and, where applicable, information on his authorized
representative;"
2) designation of the machinery;"
3) the prescribed marking 1);
4) type designation;
5) serial number
6) !year of construction, that is the year in which the manufacturing process is completed. It is prohibited to
pre-date or to post-date the year of manufacture of the winch when affixing the CE marking;"
7) explosion proof class, if applicable;
8) rated capacity or the pulling force shall be specified on the nameplate. The user shall be able to clearly
recognize the rated capacity or pulling force. In case of winches with multi-layer winding, the specifications for
the first and last rope layer shall also be specified on the nameplate;
9) group of mechanisms;
10) rope/chain: ident number of the manufacturer or information concerning the load bearing means, i.e.
for ropes: minimum breaking force, maximum diameter, maximum number of winding layers;
for chains: diameter, pitch and grade;
for belts: material, tensile strength (breaking force), dimensions, operating limit temperatures.
11) characteristics of the power supply;
12) rated hoisting speed.
In addition, vehicle recovery winches and winches on boat trailers shall be provided with the following information
in a lasting and easily legible manner on a part which cannot be removed: "This winch shall only be used for
vehicle recovery or for pulling and lowering boats off trailers."
1) For machines and associated products which are intended to be placed on the market within the EEA, CE
marking in accordance with the relevant European directives, e.g. Machinery Directive, Low Voltage Directive.
58
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Where, due to special constraints, it is not possible to mark the winch with the information listed above, a minimum
marking shall be provided which allows a clear relation of the winch to the instructions for use containing this
information.
59
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Annex A
(informative)
Examples of winches
A.1 Drum winches
Figure A.1.1 — Drum winch, manufactured in series Figure A.1.2 — Drum winch, manufactured
individually
Figure A.1.3 — Drum winch, pneumatically driven
60
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
A.2 Traction winches
Figure A.2.1 — Traction winch, standard type Figure A.2.2 — Traction winch with 2 load bearing
ropes and storage drum
61
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Key
1 generation of the tension force by driven storage drum 4 gear
2 motor 5 drum heads
3 brake S1 rope exit to the load
Figure A.2.3 — Traction winch with storage drum
62
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
A.3 Vehicle recovery winches
Figure A.3.1 — Vehicle recovery winch with Figure A.3.2 — Vehicle recovery winch with
electrical drive hydraulic drive
A.4 Winches for boat trailers
Figure A.4 — Winch for boat trailers with electrical drive
63
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
A.5 Forestry winches
Figure A.5. — Forestry winch with rope drum and hydraulic drive
64
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Annex B
(informative)
Additional requirements for winches intended to be used in potentially

explosive atmospheres
B.1 Introduction
Explosion hazards can occur when the concentration of the flammable substances in air exceeds the lower
explosion limit and if an effective ignition source is present.
Examples of flammable substances which increase concentration above the normal:
 solvent vapours from the flash-off process;
 gases from fuels and/or product by the combustion of the heating system;
 gases released from deposits;
 combustible heating gases;
 solvent vapours from any leakage from broken pipes or fittings;
 cleaning fluids;
 solvent vapours from recirculation process.
Examples of ignition sources are:
 hot surfaces e.g. of heating systems and electrical equipment;
 sparks created by mechanical induced energy, e.g. fans, conveyors;
 electrostatic discharges;
 electrical sparks;
 welding and other sources of thermal energy used during maintenance and cleaning.
B.2 General
Where winches are intended for use in hazardous areas EN 1127-1 specifies methods for the identification of
hazardous situations that may lead to an explosion. It details the design and construction measures to achieve the
required safety. It includes the relationship between categories and zones and the applicable equipment in the
different zones.
Information on the control and classification of hazardous places for gases and vapours by the use of ventilation is
given in EN 60079-10.
65
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
B.3 Hazard sources in explosion hazard areas
B.3.1 Electrically caused hazards
a) Elimination of hazards caused by electrical sparks, e.g. in the case of connecting parts, installations,
switchgear, equipotential bonding (refer also to EN 60079-0, EN 60079-1, EN 60079-7).
b) Elimination of build-up of hazardous electrostatic charges, e.g. in the case of plastic enclosures, insulating
material, equipotential bonding (refer also to EN 60079-0, EN 60079-7).
c) Elimination of hazards caused by build-up of electrostatic charges, e.g. in the case of fans made of plastic,
components made of plastic with turning or sliding movements (refer also to EN 60079-0).
B.3.2 Mechanically caused hazards
a) Elimination of hazards caused by mechanically generated sparks, e.g. by swaying load handling attachments;
friction producing large amounts of energy on rollers, wheels, clutches, brakes; impacts; sparks caused by
impacts while maintenance work is being carried out; impact sparks in the case of fans (refer also to
EN 60079-0, EN 1127-1 as well as recommendations by expert authorities). The risk of hazards may be
reduced by selecting appropriate materials. Soft materials which tend to yield are favourable. Copper,
beryllium bronze and stainless steels are preferred. Hard steels, aluminium and magnesium as well as rusty
parts should be avoided. Brakes and clutches should include an appropriate lining material and/or be protected
in a suitable way. Striking or scraping of rotating parts against stationary parts should be prevented by an
appropriate safety distance.
b) Elimination of hazards caused by hot surfaces, e.g. in the case of bearing points such as friction bearings and
sliding bearings; guide arrangements, friction on rollers, wheels, clutches and brakes (refer also to EN 1127-1
as well as recommendations by expert authorities). In addition to a low-friction design, measures should also
be taken by selecting appropriate materials and types of protection and the scraping of rotating parts against
stationary parts should be avoided.
c) Elimination of hazards caused by build-up of electrostatic charges, e.g. in the case of fans made of plastic,
components made of plastic with turning or sliding movements (refer also to EN 60079-0). In addition to the
maximum permissible surface resistance of 1 GΩ, consideration should also be given to the size and shape of
the parts as well as to a maximum circumferential speed not exceeding 50 m/s, e.g. in the case of fans.
B.3.3 Hazards caused by environmental conditions
a) Enclosures should feature sufficient protection against the ingress of hazardous quantities of dust and water.
(Refer also to EN 60079-0, EN 60079-7).
b) Components which serve explosion protection purposes should be protected from damage caused by
corrosion by means of sufficient corrosion protection (for example, by greasing with acid-free grease, by
protective measures to cover against dust and moisture, by selecting appropriate materials.).
c) Measures should be taken to prevent hazards in the case of impermissible high or low ambient temperatures.
The permissible ambient temperatures should be specified on the data plate. Protection against high
temperatures may be provided by shielding measures and temperature monitoring measures as permitted by
the relevant regulations. Low temperatures (lower than – 20 °C) may be avoided by heating, e.g. with
resistances. Attention shall be given to ensure designs are compliant with explosion protection standards in
C.2.
d) The permissible installation height above sea level is limited to 1 000 m. At greater heights, the over-
temperature limit value of the components should be reduced or the maximum permissible ambient
temperature shall be reduced.
B.3.4 Measures to eliminate hazards in explosion hazard areas
Hazards should be eliminated by means of structural design and selection of materials. In this respect, the existing
CEN Standards shall be considered and recommendations of test and inspection authorities and expert bodies
66
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
shall be observed. Since test and inspection obligations do not exist for all hazard classes, the manufacturer should
exercise great care.
The owner shall be responsible for assigning the zones (Zone 0, Zone 1, Zone 2 or Zone 20, Zone 21, Zone 22)
and correct selection of the equipment (temperature class, gas group, equipment category). He may be advised by
third parties (explosion-proof equipment manufacturers, authorities).
B.3.5 Marking
In addition to 7.3 the following markings apply:
 specification of the test office;
 specification of the test number;
 specifications relating to the explosion-proof design (types of enclosure, temperature classes, explosion-proof
group);
 manufacturer, test symbol as well as date;
 serial number;
 the “Ex” symbol.
B.4 User information

Qualified and/or expert persons shall be employed for maintenance and repair work, for regular inspections as well
as for operating winch mechanisms.
Damage caused by environmental influences, inappropriate operating conditions and malfunctions shall be rectified
immediately.
67
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Annex C
(informative)
Additional requirements for operation in aggressive environments and

outdoors
C.1 General
Provision should be applied with respect to the definition and classification of corrosivity environment as per
ISO 9223.
When problems relating to operation in aggressive environments and the outdoors raise questions, the following
standards may be usefully consulted for specific needs or applications:
EN ISO 8044:1999, Corrosion of metals and alloys — Basic terms and definitions (ISO 8044:1999)
EN ISO 8565:1995, Metals and alloys — Atmospheric corrosion testing — General requirements for field tests (ISO
8565:1992)
ISO 8407:1991, Corrosion of metals and alloys — Removal of corrosion products from compression test specimens
ISO 9223:1992, Corrosion of metals and alloys — Corrosivity of atmospheres — Classification
ISO 9224:1992, Corrosion of metals and alloys — Corrosivity of atmospheres — Guiding values for corrosivity
categories
ISO 9225:1992, Corrosion of metals and alloys — Corrosivity of atmospheres — Measurement of pollution
ISO 9226:1992, Corrosion of metals and alloys — Corrosivity of atmospheres — Determination of corrosion rate of
standard specimens for the evaluation of corrosivity
C.2 Ropes and chains

On request, the manufacturers of ropes and chains should supply all information for selection, protection,
inspection, maintenance and discard criteria for them, when used in specific aggressive environments and
outdoors.
General considerations are needed for specific areas: structures, electric equipment and motors, electric cables,
copper terminals etc.
The following examples of corrosion may be taken in respect of various situations in aggressive environments:
a) Structures:
 selection of materials in relation to the temperatures;
 special considerations for marine environment applications;
b) electric equipment and motors:
 in case of tropical climatic conditions with sensitive dampness, treatment against moisture and fungosity
should be provided;
 various coatings may be used to provide protection against corrosion, for insulation purposes etc.;
68
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
 motor protection may include cover for dripping, grade “F” for minimum insulation, heating anti-
condensation (motor > 1 kW), minimum mechanical protection IP 55 in accordance with EN 60529;
c) electric cables:
 environmental conditions have a marked influence on the selection of electric cables, particularly with
regard to the type of sheaths. Consideration shall be given also to the material raceways;
d) copper ends of cables and other similar parts of electrical equipment require specific protection when they
operate in the presence of ammonia and acetylene.
69
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Annex D
(informative)
Additional requirements for operation at low temperatures
As to winches for use at low temperatures, attention is drawn to the following, for example:
 suitability of materials for load-bearing components;
 suitability of lubricants;
 suitability of the welding process;
 icing of the motors, brakes and switchgear;
 tendency of the seals to become brittle;
 tendency of the cables and insulation to become brittle;
 tendency of the plastics to become brittle;
 corrosion as a result of dew forming;
 suitability of ropes, chains and belts;
 compliance with relevant standards and regulations;
 test of the complete series winch mechanism under the specified operating conditions, as required.
70
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Annex E
(informative)
Documents for hooks
Documents for consideration:
a) Design system 1:
DIN 15400, Lifting hooks, mechanical properties, load capacities, stresses and materials
or
b) Design system 2:
UNI 9465, Lifting hooks for lifting appliances — Mechanical properties — Lifting capacities, stresses and
materials
NOTE Although Annex E is an informative annex, the standards of the 2 systems should not be mixed.
71
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Annex F
(normative)
Noise test code
F.1 Scope
This noise test code specifies all the information necessary to carry out efficiently and under standardized
conditions the determination, declaration and verification of the noise emission characteristics of power driven
winches.
Noise emission characteristics include emission sound pressure levels and the sound power level. The
determination of these quantities is necessary for:
 manufacturers to declare the noise emitted;
 comparing the noise emitted by machines in the family concerned;
 purposes of noise control at the source at the design stage.
The use of this noise test code ensures reproducibility of the determination of the noise emission characteristics
within specified limits determined by the grade of accuracy of the basic noise measurement method used. Noise
measurement methods allowed by this European Standard are engineering methods (grade 2).
The C-weighted peak emission sound pressure levels of winches usually have such a low value that it is not
necessary to measure and to declare them.
!The level of noise emission may be determined with reference to comparative emission data for similar
winches."
F.2 Standards used in this annex

EN ISO 3744, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure —
Engineering method in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane (ISO 3744:1994)
EN ISO 4871, Acoustics — Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and equipment (ISO
4871:1996)
EN ISO 11201, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Measurement of emission sound
pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions — Engineering method in an essentially free field
over a reflecting plane
F.3 Description of the machine family

This annex applies to winches within the scope of this European Standard.
F.4 Determination of the emission sound pressure level at the operator´s position by
measurement
F.4.1 General
The A-weighted emission sound pressure levels shall be measured in accordance with EN ISO 11201.
72
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
The test cycles and measurements shall be repeated at least three times, the test result being the arithmetic
average value. This average value shall be the A-weighted emission sound pressure level to be declared together
with the location at a distance of 1 m where it has been determined.
F.4.2 Winches other than construction winches
NOTE 1 These are winches within the scope of this European Standard, with the exception of construction winches.
Winches are erected separately but sometimes also integrated into machines. Therefore, when winches are
integrated into machines, the location of the operator is unknown when manufacturing the winch. Thus, the A-
weighted emission sound pressure level shall be measured at a distance of 1 m from the main noise source of the
winch.
NOTE 2 The emission sound pressure level at the operators position which is normally at a distance other than 1 m, can be
determined in accordance with the following equation, after the winch has been integrated in the installation which is operated in
a building of usual structural design:
d 
LPr = LP1 − 10 lg r  (F.1)
 d1 
where
LP1 is the sound pressure level measured at a distance of d1 = 1 m from the source of sound;
LPr is the sound pressure level to be determined at a distance of dr from the source of sound.
The Equation (F.1) above results in a reduction of the A-weighted sound pressure level by 3 dB with doubled distance. This
empirical value takes structural influences into account for normal enclosed areas, e.g. the reflection of sound waves from walls.
F.5 Determination of the sound power level
F.5.1 General
As basic noise emission measurement standard EN ISO 3744 shall be used, with exception of the microphone
positions.
NOTE 1 These are winches within the scope of this European Standard, with the exception of construction winches.
The A-weighted emission sound pressure level at the location of the operator is usually below !80 dB".
Therefore, this noise test code does not deal with the determination of the sound power level for winches other
than construction winches.
However, if it is necessary to determine the sound power level, this shall be done in accordance with EN ISO 3744,
i.e.
 2 π r2 
LW = Lpf + 10 lg  (F.2)
 S0 
 
where
LW is the sound power level [dB];
73
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Lpf is the average A-weighted emission sound pressure level on the measurement surface
(hemisphere) [dB];
S0 is 1 [m²];
r is the radius of the hemisphere (distance of the microphone from the main noise source of the winch,
(see F.4.2) [m].
NOTE 2 It may be necessary to state the sound power level, if the sound pressure level at the location of the operator is
determined for the entire installation in which the winch unit is integrated.
F.5.3 Construction winches
NOTE Construction winches are defined in Directive 2000/14/EC Annex I cl. 12. "Construction winch: A power-operated,
temporarily installed lifting appliance which is equipped with means for raising and lowering a suspended load."
For construction winches, the largest dimension does not exceed 8 m. Therefore, the measurement surface of the
microphone positions shall be a hemisphere and there shall be six microphone positions.
The locations of the 6 microphone positions distributed on the surface of a hemisphere of radius r are listed in the
form of Cartesian coordinates in Table F.1. The radius r of the hemisphere shall be equal to or greater than twice
the largest dimension of the reference parallelepiped. The reference parallelepiped is defined as the smallest
possible rectangular parallelepiped just enclosing the construction winch and terminating on the reflecting plane.
The radius of the hemisphere shall be rounded to the nearest higher of the following values: 4 m or 8 m.
Table F.1 — Coordinates of the 6 microphone positions
z
Microphone number x/r y/r
(m)
1 + 0,70 + 0,70 1,50
2 - 0,70 + 0,70 1,50
3 - 0,70 - 0,70 1,50
4 + 0,70 - 0,70 1,50
5 - 0,27 + 0,65 0,71 r
6 + 0,27 - 0,65 0,71 r
74
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Key
r Radius of the hemisphere
Figure F.1 — Microphone positions on the hemisphere
The influence of the environment shall be corrected by:
K2A = 0 (F.3)
where
K2A is the environmental correction factor (see EN ISO 3744:1995, 8.4) [dB].
The surface sound pressure level shall be determined at least three times. If at least two of the determined values
do not differ by more than 1 dB, further measurements will not be necessary; otherwise the measurements shall be
continued until two values differing by no more than 1 dB are obtained. The A-weighted surface sound pressure
level to be used for calculating the sound power level is the arithmetic mean of the two highest values that do not
differ by more than 1 dB.
F.6 Mounting and operating conditions
F.6.1 General
The mounting and operating conditions shall be the same for the determination of both, the emission sound
pressure level and the sound power level.
75
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
The winch shall be warmed up in accordance with the instructions before the noise measurement commences.
Safety requirements shall be observed.
The test cycles during measurement shall represent the normal application, i.e. lifting the load at the maximum
speed appropriately defined for the suspended load. These test conditions include all relevant noise sources of the
winch unit.
When determining the emission sound pressure level at the operator´s position in order to minimize the test effort it
is sufficient to measure the noise at a single microphone position.
The load handled during the test cycles shall be close to the rated capacity, with the following exception. For winch
units with a reeving (e.g. 2/1, 4/1), the measurement may be carried out with a smaller reeving and a
correspondingly smaller load instead of the reeving provided for the rated capacity. This means for example, that
with a rated capacity of 40 t with 4/1 reeving, the measurement may also be carried out with a load of 10 t with 1/1
reeving.
F.6.3 Construction winches
The test shall be carried out with the construction winch installed in a stationary position. For the purpose of the
test, the lifting speed shall be no less than the rated lifting speed and the lowering speed shall be no less than the
rated lowering speed.
The winch shall be mounted on a reflecting surface of concrete or non-porous asphalt. The geometrical centre of
the lifting equipment shall be positioned above the centre of the hemisphere; the winch shall be connected but no
load shall be applied.
The frequency of the supply current, specified for the motor by the manufacturer, shall be stable at plus or
minus 1 Hz.
The operating conditions during the test shall be actuating the drum movement clockwise and anti-clockwise with
the higher speed foreseen by the manufacturer; the hook shall be free of load. The period of observation shall at
least be 15 s.
F.7 Uncertainties
At the present point of time no technical data are available to determine the standard deviation of the reproducibility
for the machine family covered by this annex. Therefore the values specified in the basic standards for noise
emission may be considered as upper limits which can be used to determine uncertainty K when preparing the
noise declaration. Investigations which require the effort of all manufacturers are necessary to determine possible
lower values for the standard deviation of the reproducibility resulting in low values of uncertainty K. The results of
such investigations will be reflected in future versions of this European Standard.
F.8 Information to be recorded

The information to be recorded is that required by EN ISO 11201:1995, Clause 12, and, if the sound power level is
determined, by EN ISO 3744:1995, Clause 9.
Details of the operating conditions during the determination of noise emission shall be recorded, including the
speed used and the corresponding net power.
F.9 Information to be reported

The information to be given in the test report is that required by EN ISO 11201:1995, Clause 13, and, if the sound
power level is determined, by EN ISO 3744:1995, Clause 10.
76
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Details of the operating conditions during the determination of noise emission shall be reported, including the
speed used and the corresponding net power.
F.10 Declaration and verification of noise emission values

The noise emission quantities to be declared are those listed in Clause 7.
Noise emission values shall be declared in accordance with EN ISO 4871.
The declaration shall have a single-number format (see EN ISO 4871) i.e. the values measured in accordance with
F.4 and F.5 and the uncertainty K as described in F.7 shall be declared separately.
If verification is carried out, this shall be done using the same test conditions as those used for the initial test.
77
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Annex G
(informative)
Selection of a suitable set of cranes standards for a given application
Is there a product standard in the following list that suits the application?
EN 13000:2004 Cranes — Mobile cranes
prEN 14439 :2002 Cranes — Safety - Tower cranes
prEN 14985 :2004 Cranes — Slewing jib cranes
prEN 15011:2004 Cranes — Bridge and gantry cranes
EN 15056:2006 Cranes — Requirements for container handling spreaders
EN 13852-1:2004 Cranes — Offshore cranes — Part 1: General-purpose offshore cranes
EN 13852-2:2004 Cranes — Offshore cranes — Part 2: Floating cranes
EN 14492-1:2006 Cranes — Power driven winches and hoists — Part 1: Power driven winches
EN 14492-2:2006 Cranes — Power driven winches and hoists — Part 2: Power driven hoists
EN 12999:2002 Cranes — Loader cranes
EN 13157:2004 Cranes — Hand powered lifting cranes
EN 13155:2003 Cranes — Non-fixed load lifting attachments
EN 14238:2004 Cranes — Manually controlled load manipulating devices
YES NO
Use it directly, plus the

standards that are referred to
Use the following:

EN 13001-1:2004 Cranes — General design — Part 1: General principles and requirements
EN 13001-2:2004 Cranes — General design — Part 2: Load actions
CEN/TS 13001-3-1: Cranes — General design — Part 3.1: Limit states and proof of competence of steel structures
2004
CEN/TS 13001-3-2: Cranes — General design — Part 3.2: Limit states and proof of competence of wire ropes in reeving systems
2004
EN 13135-1:2003 Cranes — Safety — Design — Requirements for equipment — Part 1: Electrotechnical equipment
EN 13135-2:2004 Cranes — Equipment — Part 2: Non-electrotechnical equipment
EN 13557:2003 Cranes — Controls and control stations
EN 12077-2:1998 Cranes safety — Requirements for health and safety — Part 2: Limiting and indicating devices
EN 13586:2004 Cranes — Access
EN 14502-1:2005 Cranes — Equipment for lifting persons — Part 1: Suspended baskets
EN 14502-2:2005 Cranes — Equipment for the lifting of persons — Part 2: Elevating control stations
EN 12644-1:2001 Cranes — Information for use and testing — Part 1: Instructions

EN 12644-2:2000 Cranes — Information for use and testing — Part 1: Marking
78
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Annex ZA
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential

Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the New
Approach Directive Machinery 98/37/EC, amended by 98/79/EC.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive and has been
implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative clauses of this
standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the relevant
Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.
WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the
scope of this standard.
79
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Annex ZB
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential

European Free Trade Association to provide one means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the New
Approach Directive ATEX 94/9/EC.
implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative sub-clause 5.14
of this standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the relevant
scope of this standard.
80
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Annex ZC
(informative)
!Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential

European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the New
Approach Directive 2006/42/EC.
implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative clauses of this
standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding
scope of this standard."
81
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
Bibliography
[1] EN 81-1:1998, Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts — Part 1: Electric lifts
[2] EN 13001-1:2004, Crane safety — General design — Part 1: General principles and requirements
[3] CEN/TS 13001-3-1:2004, Cranes — General design — Part 3-1: Limit states and proof of competence of
steel structures
[4] CEN/TS 13001-3-2: 2004, Cranes — General design — Part 3.2: Limit states and proof of competence of
wire ropes in reeving systems
[5] EN 13135-2:2004, Cranes — Equipment — Part 2: Non-electrotechnical equipment
[6] EN 60079-10, Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres — Part 10: Classification of hazardous
areas (IEC 60079-10:2002)
[7] EN ISO 11688-2:2000, Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and
equipment — Part 2: Introduction to the physics of low-noise design (ISO/TR 11688-2:1998)
[8] ISO 4309:2004, Cranes — Wire ropes — Care, maintenance, installation, examination and discard
[9] ISO 5598:1985, Fluid power systems and components — Vocabulary
[10] ISO 6336-5:2003, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 5: Strength and quality of
materials
[11] ISO 6814:2000, Machinery for forestry — Mobile and self-propelled machinery — Terms, definitions and
classification
[12] IEC 60072-1:1991, Dimensions and output series for rotating electrical machines — Part 1: Frame numbers
56 to 400 and flange numbers 55 to 1080
[13] EN 60079-18, Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres — Part 18: Construction, test and
marking of type of protection encapsulation "m" electrical apparatus (IEC 60079-18:2004)
[14] EN 50015, Electrical apparatus for potentially explosive atmospheres — Oil-immersion ‘o’
[15] EN 60079-1, Electrical apparatus for potentially explosive atmospheres — Part 1: Flameproof enclosure ‘d’
(IEC 60079-1:2003)
[16] EN 60079-2, Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres — Part 2: Pressurized enclosures ‘p’
(IEC 60079-2:2001)
[17] EN 50017, Electrical apparatus for potentially explosive atmospheres — Powder filling ‘q’
[18] EN 50020, Electrical apparatus for potentially explosive atmospheres — Intrinsic safety ‘i’
[19] prEN 50039, Electrical apparatus for potentially explosion atmospheres — Intrinsically safe electrical
systems ‘i’ — Group II systems for gas atmospheres
[20] EN ISO 8044:1999, Corrosion of metals and alloys — Basic terms and definitions (ISO 8044:1999)
[21] EN ISO 8565:1995, Metals and alloys — Atmospheric corrosion testing — General requirements for field
tests (ISO 8565:1992)
[22] ISO 8407:1991, Corrosion of metals and alloys — Removal of corrosion products from compression test
specimens
[23] ISO 9223:1992, Corrosion of metals and alloys — Corrosivity of atmospheres — Classification
82
TS EN 14492-1+A1 : 2010-03
EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)
[24] ISO 9224:1992, Corrosion of metals and alloys — Corrosivity of atmospheres — Guiding values for
corrosivity categories
[25] ISO 9225:1992, Corrosion of metals and alloys — Corrosivity of atmospheres — Measurement of pollution
[26] ISO 9226:1992, Corrosion of metals and alloys — Corrosivity of atmospheres — Determination of corrosion
rate of standard specimens for the evaluation of corrosivity
[27] EN 1050:1996, Safety of machinery — Principles for risk assessment
83

Türk Standardi: TS EN 14492-1+A1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Türk Standardi: TS EN 14492-1+A1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Türk Standardi: TS EN 14492-1+A1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

What is the standard about?

What is the standard about?

What standards does it reference?

What standards does it reference?

TÜRK STANDARDI

VİNÇLER (KRENLER) - GÜÇ TAHRİKLİ VİNÇLER VE

Cranes - Power driven winches and hoists - Part 1: Power

TÜRK STANDARDLARI ENSTİTÜSÜ

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 14492-1:2006+A1

ICS 53.020.20; 53.020.99 Supersedes EN 14492-1:2006

Cranes - Power driven winches and hoists - Part 1: Power driven

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

C.1 General.......................................................................................................................................................... 68

Figure 1 — Fleet angle ............................................................................................................................................... 11

Figure 2 — Undercut groove base profile ................................................................................................................... 31

Figure A.1.1 — Drum winch, manufactured in series ................................................................................................. 60

Figure 1.2 — Drum winch, manufactured individually ................................................................................................ 60

Figure A.1.3 — Drum winch, pneumatically driven..................................................................................................... 60

Figure A.2.1 — Traction winch, standard type ........................................................................................................... 61

Figure A.2.3 — Traction winch with storage drum ..................................................................................................... 62

Figure A.3.1 — Vehicle recovery winch with electrical drive ...................................................................................... 63

Figure A.3.2 — Vehicle recovery winch with hydraulic drive ...................................................................................... 63

Figure F.1 — Microphone positions on the hemisphere .............................................................................................75

Table 1 — List of significant hazards and associated requirements ..........................................................................15

Table 1 (continued) .....................................................................................................................................................16

Table 2 — Values for vh for estimation of φ IAL ............................................................................................................25

Table 3 — Limit revolutions for three-phase slipring motors ......................................................................................40

Table 5 (continued) .....................................................................................................................................................49

Table F.1 — Coordinates of the 6 microphone positions ...........................................................................................74

This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2009-08-06.

This document supersedes EN 14492-1:2006.

 Part 1: Power driven winches

 Part 2: Power driven hoists

This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in EN 12100-1.

As a rule, a winch is used without any additional transport movement.

This European Standard is applicable to the following types of winch:

c) belt winches, except steel belts used as hoisting media;

These types of winches a) to d) also include the following specific applications:

 vehicle recovery winches;

 winches on boat trailers;

 winches for stationary offshore applications;

 winches for drilling applications;

 winches to be used exclusively for the pulling of loads.

NOTE Examples are shown in Annex A.

This European Standard does not apply to:

 power-driven hoists in accordance with EN 14492-2;

 winches for seagoing vessels and mobile offshore units;

 winches for the lifting of persons;

 NGL building hoists in accordance with EN 14492-2;

EN 563:1994, Safety of machinery — Temperatures of touchable surfaces — Ergonomics data to establish

EN 12644-2:2000, Cranes — Information for use and testing — Part 2: Marking

EN 13001-2:2004, Cranes — General design — Part 2: Load actions

EN 13557:2003, Cranes — Controls and control stations

EN 60529:1991, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP-code)

ISO 4301-1:1986, Cranes and lifting appliances — Classification — Part 1: General

ISO 12482-1:1995, Cranes — Condition monitoring — Part 1: General

3 Terms and definitions

Figure 1 — Fleet angle