Achieve Great Things, Initiate Changes, Transform from Better to best, Excel and Remain

Humble
Olinsterg Bldg., Maharlika Highway, Poblacion III, Tiaong, Quezon, Philippines
Telefax Number: (042)-545-6547 / Cell No. 0922-8934738
PHYSICAL SCIENCE

I. UNIT NO. & TITLE: Unit 1: Connecting Chemistry to Life

II. LESSON NO. & TITLE: Lesson4: Polarity of Molecules
III. WEEK NUMBER: Week 4
IV. MODULE NUMBER: Module 4
V. OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students must be able to:
 Determine if a molecule is polar or non-polar given its structure
 Relate the polarity of a molecule to its properties
 Define electronegativity
 Find the electronegativity of elements in the periodic table
 Explain the VSEPR theory
 Distinguish between polar and non-polar molecules

VI. ACTIVITY: Polarity

Experiment

Materials for the experiment:

• Water
• Vinegar
• Vegetable oil
• Gasoline
• Food coloring (optional for
coloring water and vinegar)s
• Candle dye (optional for
coloring the vegetable oil)
• Test tubes or graduated
cylinder
• Stirring rod

Procedure

Mix the following samples well with a spoon and observe their
reactions. Stir the mixture. Remember to wash and dry the
stirring rod after each use.

a. Water + vinegar
b. Water + oil
c. Water + gasoline
d. Oil + vinegar
e. Oil + gasoline

Disposal
Samples with oil and gasoline should first be mixed with dishwashing liquid before disposing down the sink.
Try to hypothesize why certain combinations mix better than others then group the samples together according to how
well they mix. After the activity you might be able to predict the results of the experiment as you mix oil and water. Try to
recall simple chores you do at home such as washing out oil from pans. Water and vinegar can be grouped together
while oil and gasoline belong to another group. These substances can be classified as polar and non-polar substances.
The difference in polarity explains why certain combinations mix while others not.

NOTE: If the materials above are not available, you can watch how the experiment was conducted from the video
provided.

VII. DISCUSSION:

The two factors that determine the polarity of molecules are:

1) The polarity of the bonds between atoms which can be studied based on electronegativity, and
2) The geometrical shape of the molecule which can be predicted via the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR)
theory

Bond Polarity
Do you still remember your Grade 9 chemistry discussions on properties of elements found in the periodic table such as
boiling points, melting points, oxidation number, etc? One of the properties found in the periodic table is the
electronegativity of elements.

Electronegativity (EN) - Measure of the relative tendency of an atom to attract electrons to itself when chemically
combined with another atom. The higher the value of electronegativity, the more it tends to attract electrons toward
itself. The polarity of the compounds can be determined using the given scale below.

Polarity Difference between electronegativity

Ionic EN ≥ 1.7

Polar Covalent 1.7 > EN > 0.4

Non-Polar Covalent EN ≤ 0.4

Polar covalent bonds occur when electron pairs are unequally shared. The difference in electronegativity between
atoms is significant. Examples of compounds having polar covalent bonds are:

HCl EN of H = 2.1 EN of Cl = 3.0 ΔEN = 0.9

HF EN of H = 2.1 EN of F = 4.0 ΔEN = 1.9

The separation of charges makes the bond polar. It creates an electric dipole. Dipole
refers to “two poles,” meaning there is a positive and a negative pole within a
molecule. Elements with the higher EN value become the partial negative pole while
elements with the lower EN value become the partial positive pole. This makes the
molecule a polar molecule

Non-polar covalent bonds occur when electron pairs are shared equally or the difference in electronegativity between
atoms is less than 0.5. Examples of substances having non-polar covalent bonds are:

H2 EN of H = 2.1 ΔEN = 0.0 NON-POLAR MOLECULE; not a dipole

Cl2 EN of Cl = 3.0 ΔEN = 0.0 NON-POLAR MOLECULE; not a dipole
F2 EN of F = 4.0 ΔEN = 0.0 NON-POLAR MOLECULE; not a dipole
HI EN of H = 2.1 EN of I = 2.5 ΔEN = 0.4 POLAR MOLECULE; a dipole

VIII. PRACTICE/APPLICATION/SYNTHESIS: (See worksheet #4)

IX. ASSESSMENT: (See worksheet #4)
X. REFLECTION: (See worksheet #4)

Achieve Great Things, Initiate Changes, Transform from Better to best, Excel and Remain
Humble
Olinsterg Bldg., Maharlika Highway, Poblacion III, Tiaong, Quezon, Philippines
Telefax Number: (042)-545-6547 / Cell No. 0922-8934738

PHYSICAL SCIENCE
WORK SHEET NO. 4

Name: ______________________________ Grade & Section:___________________

I. PRACTICE/APPLICATION/SYNTHESIS:

Determine if the bond between elements are polar covalent or non-polar covalent. Show your solution

II. ASSESSMENT:
Determine the polarity of the following compounds. Show your solution

III. REFLECTION:

List down the activities that you did this week and identify among those activities where you can apply the lesson/s
that you have learned from this module. Write your answer below with minimum of at least five sentences.
IV. FEEDBACK: (Teacher’s comments or reactions after submission and checking.)

Prepared by: Checked By:

VI-JAY D. SALCEDO, LPT JOAN B. DIMACULANGAN, LPT

Subject Teacher Academic Coordinator
Noted By:

LAARNI L. TOLENTINO, LPT

School Principal