Bryman: Social Research Methods: 5e

Chapter 3: Multiple choice questions

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Question 1

What is a research design?

You did not answer the question.

Correct answer:

d) A framework for every stage of the collection and analysis of data

Feedback:

"A research design provides a framework for the collection and analysis of data". The choice of methods to be used is, indeed, very
important, as is an understanding of your fundamental research philosophy. But a research design will highlight these choices and other
decisions about which elements are considered to be more important than others, as well as your hypotheses about causality and
predictability. Consider it as a blueprint for the research you propose to conduct. This chapter looks at five different research designs from
which you could choose.
Page reference: 40

Question 2

If a study is "reliable", this means that:

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Correct answer:

b) The measures devised for concepts are stable on different occasions

Feedback:

The essential question about research is its reliability. It is often the case that concepts in the social sciences can be construed differently in
different social contexts, so the promise of repeatability makes readers feel the results can be relied on more. But what is even more
important is that there should be not much variation (or none at all) in responses to the same instruments by the same type of respondent.
Bryman gives the example of wild fluctuations in IQ test scores as an indicator of low reliability of the test itself. When reviewing literature or
consulting secondary sources, we are certainly influenced by the reputation, or simply good standing in the academic community, of the
researcher. This does not imply uncritical acceptance of their findings, however.
Page reference: 41

Question 3

"Internal validity" refers to:

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Correct answer:

a) Whether or not there is really a causal relationship between two variables

Feedback:

"Validity" has a special meaning in research, usually indicating the truth of something, its authenticity. Many of our research activities can be
seen as valid steps towards producing a dissertation, for example, but our conclusions will not be worthwhile unless our research was valid.
:
 If a measure proves unreliable (see question 2), it lacks "measurement validity" but "internal validity" is lost when the "internal" relationship
between variables is lost, or ambiguous, or confused. Typically, we argue that "a" causes "b", but if "b" can actually influence the value of
"a", then the causal relationship suggested doesn't really exist.
Page reference: 41,42

Question 4

Lincoln & Guba (1985) propose that an alternative criterion for evaluating qualitative research would be:

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Correct answer:

b) Trustworthiness

Feedback:

Most tests of reliability and validity are applicable to quantitative data rather than to qualitative. Lincoln and Guba (1985) propose
"trustworthiness" as an example of a criterion that could determine how good the qualitative research might have been. This criterion may
be subdivided into dimensions of credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability (which Bryman examines in detail in chapter 16),
to act as counterparts for reliability and validity in quantitative research. It is the view of many that whereas running a focus group, for
example, may be 'messier' than conducting a survey, messiness should not be a goal of the research!
Page reference: 44

Question 5

Naturalism has been defined as:

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Correct answer:

d) All of the above

Feedback:

Key concept 3.4 explains that "naturalism" is an unusual expression which has many meanings, some contradictory! All of the definitions
shown in this question are correct, although "a" is positivist as opposed to the interpretivism suggested by "b" and "c". However, research
methodologies like ethnography, or observation, or unstructured qualitative interviews try to come close to the natural context of the data,
while being relatively non-intrusive.
Page reference: 43

Question 6

In an experimental design, the dependent variable is:

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Correct answer:

a) The one that is not manipulated and in which any changes are observed

Feedback:

When conducting an experiment, it is essential to manipulate one variable, (conventionally called "independent") so that changes in another
(the dependent variable) can be identified as indicating a causal relationship. There is nothing ambiguous about this process in the slightest,
nor do personal values intrude. Recalling that many "independent variables" cannot be manipulated in an actual social context,
experimentation may be the only way of getting close to an identification of a causal relationship between variables.
Page reference: 44

Question 7

What is a cross-sectional design?

You did not answer the question.

:
 Correct answer:

c) The collection of data from more than one case at one moment in time

Feedback:

This is often called a survey design because researchers using this method may produce questionnaires to be filled in by many respondents
in the same time period. The search is for variation within a social group, or between social groups, in attitudes or orientation to specific
variables. Since no manipulation of variables is possible, co-relationships between variables is all that can be discovered. Answer (d)
suggests experimentation; answer (a) thinks of respondents instead of the design; and answer (b) must be wrong because researchers are
always cheerful and bright. Always!
Page reference: 53, Key concept 3.6

Question 8

Survey research is cross-sectional and therefore:

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Correct answer:

a) High in replicability but low in internal validity

Feedback:

A survey attempts to discover the range of responses to a set of variables. The researcher can give a lot of details concerning procedures
for selecting respondents, handling of the research instrument (perhaps a questionnaire) and the analysis methodology. In this way,
replicability can be almost guaranteed. However, since the analysis can only pinpoint degrees of co-relation between variables, causality
remains in the realm of inference, meaning low (or no) internal validity. Remember that internal validity depends on causality and reliability
on replicability.
Page reference: 54

Question 9

Panel and cohort designs differ, in that:

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Correct answer:

d) A panel study can distinguish between age effects and cohort effects, but a cohort design can only detect ageing effects

Feedback:

Both panel and cohort studies are types of longitudinal design, similar to cross-sectional research but conducted over a considerable period
of time. Cohorts are groups of people sharing a characteristic, like age or unemployed status, whereas panels are typically random samples
of the population as a whole. It follows that a panel study should be able to distinguish between age effects (for example in the
Understanding Society study) and cohort effects (where being born in the same time period is the shared characteristic) but the cohort study
would only be able to identify aging effects. Both types of study suffer from attrition, through death and emigration, for example. Both are
quantitative in nature.
Page reference: 57

Question 10

Cross cultural studies are an example of:

You did not answer the question.

Correct answer:

b) Comparative design

Feedback:

Bryman prefers "to reserve the term 'case study' for those instances where the 'case' is the focus of interest in its own right." The case study
design is usually focused on those aspects which could only have happened at that time, in that place, for whatever reason. The
comparative design typically studies two contrasting cases, so that a better understanding of social phenomena can be formed. Clearly,
:
 cross-cultural studies are a good example, therefore, of comparative design in action. If you gave answer (a) you were moving in the right
direction but you need more than one case; if you gave answer (c) you should go back to question 2 and page 41; answer (d) is also
incorrect for reasons to be found in question 9.
Page reference: 64-69

Copyright © Oxford University Press, 2016. All Rights Reserved.

:
Mid Term Exam- Chapter 2
Terms in this set (21)

A frequency distribution is a tabular summary of a data set showing the

a. a tabular summary of a frequency of items in each of several non-
data set showing the overlapping classes
relative frequency
b. a graphical form of
representing data
c. a tabular summary of a
data set showing the
frequency of items in each
of several
non-overlapping classes
d. a graphical device for
presenting qualitative data

The sum of frequencies the number of items in a data set

for all classes will always
equal
a. 1
b. the number of items in a
data set
c. the number of classes
d. a value between 0 and 1
:
The relative frequency of the frequency of the class by the number of
a class is computed by data items
dividing
a. the cumulative
frequency of the class by
the number of data items
b. the percent frequency
of the class by the number
of data items
c. the frequency of the
class by the number of
data items
d. the frequency of the
class by the number of
classes

The sum of the relative one

frequencies for all classes
will always equal
a. the sample size
b. the number of classes
c. one
d. any value greater than
one
:
A cumulative relative a. the proportion of data items with values
frequency distribution less than or equal to the upper limit of each
shows class
a. the proportion of data
items with values less than
or equal to the upper limit
of each class
b. the proportion of data
items with values less than
or equal to the lower limit
of each class
c. the percentage of data
items with values less than
or equal to the upper limit
of each class
d. the percentage of data
items with values less than
or equal to the lower limit
of each class

Bar charts and pie charts nominal and ordinal data

are used to summarize
a. interval and ratio data
b. nominal and interval
data
c. ordinal and ratio data
d. nominal and ordinal
data
:
In constructing a a. (largest data value-smallest data value) /
frequency distribution for (number of classes)
quantitative data, the
approximate class width is
computed as
a. (largest data value -
smallest data
value)/(number of classes)
b. (largest data value -
smallest data
value)/(sample size)
c. (smallest data value -
largest data
value)/(sample size)
d. (largest data
value)/(number of classes)

A histogram is a graphical a frequency or relative frequency

presentation of distribution of a quantitative data
a. a frequency or relative
frequency distribution of a
quantitative data
b. a cumulative frequency
or a cumulative relative
frequency distribution
c. a graphical presentation
of the history of data
d. a frequency or relative
frequency distribution of a
categorical data
:
A tabular method that can cross-tabulation
be used to summarize the
data on two variables
simultaneously is called
a. simultaneous equations
b. cross-tabulation
c. a histogram
d. an frequency
distribution

A situation in which Simpson's paradox

conclusions based upon
aggregated cross-
tabulation are different
from not aggregated
cross-tabulations is known
as
a. wrong cross-tabulation
b. Simpson's rule
c. Simpson's paradox
d. aggregated cross-
tabulation

A graphical presentation a scatter diagram

of the relationship
between two quantitative
variables is
a. a pie chart
b. a histogram
c. a bar chart
d. a scatter diagram
:
What type of relationship a negative relationship (downward sloping)
is depicted in the
following scatter diagram?
a. no apparent
relationship
b. a straightforward
relationship
c. a positive relationship
d. a negative relationship

What type of relationship no apparent relationship (points scattered all

is depicted in the over)
following scatter diagram?
a. no apparent
relationship
b. a straightforward
relationship
c. a positive relationship
d. a negative relationship

Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The 0.05

proportion (fraction) of
business students working
9 hours or less is
a. 20
b. 9
c. 0.95
d. 0.05
:
Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The 0.75
cumulative relative
frequency for the 20 - 29
class is
a. is 300
b. is 0.25
c. is 0.75
d. is 0.5

. Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The 95%

percentage of business
students working at least
10 hours per week is
a. 80%
b. 85%
c. 90%
d. 95%

. Refer to Exhibit 2-2. What 65

percentage of the
students does not plan to
go to graduate school?
a. 280
b. 520
c. 65
d. 32
:
Refer to Exhibit 2-2. What 0.365
proportion of the
students' undergraduate
major is engineering?
a. 0.290
b. 0.520
c. 0.650
d. 0.365

Refer to Exhibit 2-2. Of 27.78

those students who are
majoring in business, what
percentage plans to go to
graduate school?
a. 27.78
b. 8.75
c. 70
d. 72.22

Refer to Exhibit 2-2. 0.45

Among the students who
plan to go to graduate
school, what proportion
indicated
"Other" majors?
a. 0.16
b. 0.45
c. 0.54
d. 0.35

frequency distribution and bar graph

go over Exhbit 2-1 and
relative frequency distribution and pie chart
know how to do:
(look at test bank to see how)
:
 MCQ’S OF PRESENTATION OF DATA

MCQ No 2.1:
When data are classified according to a single characteristic, it is called:
(a) Quantitative classification (b) Qualitative classification
(c) Area classification (d) Simple classification

MCQ No 2.2:
Classification of data by attributes is called:
(a) Quantitative classification (b) Chronological classification
(c) Qualitative classification (d) Geographical classification

MCQ No 2.3:
Classification of data according to location or areas is called:
(a) Qualitative classification (b) Quantitative classification
(c) Geographical classification (d) Chronological classification

MCQ No 2.4:
Classification is applicable in case of:
(a) Normal characters (b) Quantitative characters (c) Qualitative characters (d) Both (b) and (c)

MCQ No 2.5:
In classification, the data are arranged according to:
(a) Similarities (b) Differences (c) Percentages (d) Ratios

MCQ No 2.6:
When data are arranged at regular interval of time, the classification is called:
(a) Qualitative (b) Quantitative (c) Chronological (d) Geographical

MCQ No 2.7:
When an attribute has more than three levels it is called:
(a) Manifold-division (b) Dichotomy (c) One-way (d) Bivariate

MCQ No 2.8:
The series
Country Pakistan India Britain Egypt Japan
Birth rate 45 40 10 35 10
is of the type:
(a) Discrete (b) Continuous (c) Individual (d) Time series

MCQ No 2.9:
The series
Country Pakistan India Britain Egypt Japan
Death rate 15 16 10 12 10
is of the type:
(a) Inclusive (b) Exclusive (c) Geographical (d) Time series

MCQ No 2.10
In an array, the data are:
(a) In ascending order (b) In descending order (c) Either (a) or (b) (d) Neither (a) or (b)
MCQ No 2.11
The number of tally sheet count for each value or a group is called:
(a) Class limit (b) Class width (c) Class boundary (d) Frequency

MCQ No 2.12
The frequency distribution according to individual variate values is called:
(a) Discrete frequency distribution (b) Cumulative frequency distribution
(c) Percentage frequency distribution (d) Continuous frequency distribution

MCQ No 2.13
A series arranged according to each and every item is known as:
(a) Discrete series (b) Continuous series (c) Individual series (d) Time series

MCQ No 2.14
A frequency distribution can be:
(a) Qualitative (b) Discrete (c) Continuous (d) Both (b) and (c)

MCQ No 2.15
The following frequency distribution:
X 5 15 38 47 68
f 2 4 9 3 1
Is classified
(a) Relative frequency distribution (b) Continuous distribution
(c) Percentage frequency distribution (d) Discrete distribution

MCQ No 2.16
Frequency distribution is often constructed with the help of:
(a) Entry table (b) Tally sheet (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither (a) and (b)

MCQ No 2.17
The data given as 3, 5, 15, 35, 70, 84, 96 will be called as:
(a) Individual series (b) Discrete series (c) Continuous series (d) Time series

MCQ No 2.18
Frequency of a variable is always in:
(a) Fraction form (b) Percentage form (c) Less than form (d) Integer form

MCQ No 2.19
Data arranged in ascending or descending order of magnitude is called:
(a) Ungrouped data (b) Grouped data (c) Discrete frequency distribution (d) Arrayed data

MCQ No 2.20
The grouped data are called:
(a) Primary data (b) Secondary data (c) Raw data (d) Difficult to tell

MCQ No 2.21
A series of data with exclusive classes along with the corresponding frequencies is called:
(a) Discrete frequency distribution (b) Continuous frequency distribution
(c) Percentage frequency distribution (d) Cumulative frequency distribution
MCQ No 2.22
In an exclusive classification, the limits excluded are:
(a) Upper limits (b) Lower limits (c) Both lower and upper limits (d) Either lower or upper limits

MCQ No 2.23
The series
Weights(pounds) 15----20 20----25 25----30 30----35 35----40
No. of items 10 15 30 10 5
is categorized as:
(a) Continuous series (b) Discrete series (c) Time series (d) Geometric series

MCQ No 2.24
The series
Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Profit (000 Rs.) 7 10 16 18 22
will be called as:
(a) Time series (b) Discrete series (c) Continuous series (d) Individual series

MCQ No 2.25:
The suitable formula for computing the number of classes is:
(a) 3.322 logN (b) 0.322 logN (c) 1+3.322 logN (d) 1- 3.322 logN

MCQ No 2.26:
The number of classes in a frequency distribution is obtained by dividing the range of variable by
the:
(a) Total frequency (b) Class interval (c) Mid-point (d) Relative frequency

MCQ No 2.27:
If the number of workers in a factory is 256, the number of classes will be:
(a) 8 (b) 9 (c) 10 (d) 12

MCQ No 2.28:
The largest and the smallest values of any given class of a frequency distribution are called:
(a) Class Intervals (b) Class marks (c) Class boundaries (d) Class limits

MCQ No 2.29
If there are no gaps between consecutive classes, the limits are called:
(a) Class limits (b) Class boundaries (c) Class intervals (d) Class marks

MCQ No 2.30
The extreme values used to describe the different classes in a frequency distribution are called:
(a) Class intervals (b) Class boundaries (c) Class limits (d) Cumulative frequency

MCQ No 2.31
If in a frequency table, either the lower limit of first class or the upper limit of last class is not a fixed
number, then classes are called:
(a) One-way classes (b) Two-way classes (c) Discrete classes (d) Open-end classes
MCQ No 2.32
The class boundaries can be taken when the nature of variable is:
(a) Discrete (b) Continuous (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Qualitative
MCQ No 2.33
Class boundaries are also called:
(a) Mathematical limits (b) Arithmetic limits (c) Geometric limits (d) Qualitative limits

MCQ No 2.34
The average of lower and upper class limits is called:
(a) Class boundary (b) Class frequency (c) Class mark (d) Class limit

MCQ No 2.35
The lower and upper class limits are 20 and 30, the midpoints of the class is:
(a) 20 (b) 25 (c) 30 (d) 50

MCQ No 2.36
A frequency distribution that contains a class with limits of "10 and under 20" would have a midpoint:
(a) 10 (b) 14.9 (c) 15 (d) 20

MCQ No 2.37
If the number of workers in a factory is 128 and maximum and minimum hourly wages are 100 and 20
respectively. For the frequency distribution of hourly wages, the class interval is:
(a) 8 (b) 9 (c) 10 (d) 80

MCQ No 2.38
Width of interval h is equal to:

MCQ No 2.39
Length of interval is calculated as:
(a) The difference between upper limit and lower limit (b) The sum of upper limit and lower limit
(c) Half of the difference between upper limit and lower limit (d) Half of the sum of upper limit and lower limit

MCQ No 2.40
The class marks are given below:
10,12,14,16,18. The first class of the distribution is:
(a) 9----12 (b) 10.5----12.5 (c) 9----11 (d) 10----12

MCQ No 2.41
If the midpoints are 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30. The last class boundary of the distribution is:
(a) 25----30 (b) 27.5----32.5 (c) 20----35 (d) 30----35

MCQ No 2.42
The number of classes depends upon:
(a) Class marks (b) Frequency (c) Class interval (d) Class boundary

MCQ No 2.43
The class interval is the difference between:
(a) Two extreme values (b) Two successive frequencies
(c) Two successive upper limits (d) Two largest values
MCQ No 2.44
When the classes are 40----44, 45----49, 50----54, ... the class interval is:
(a) 4 (b) (c) 100 (d) 5

MCQ No 2.45:
A grouping of data into mutually exclusive classes showing the number of observations in each class
is called:
(a) Frequency polygon (b) Relative frequency
(c) Frequency distribution (d) Cumulative frequency

MCQ No 2.46:
The following frequency distribution
Classes Less than 2 Less than 4 Less than 6 Less than 8 Less than 10
Frequency 2 6 16 19 20
is classified as:
(a) Inclusive classification (b) Exclusive classification
(c) Discrete classification (d) Cross classification

MCQ No 2.47:
The following frequency distribution
Classes 10----20 20----30 30----40 40----50 50----60
Frequency 2 4 6 4 2
is classified as:
(a) Exclusive classification (b) Inclusive classification
(c) Geographical classification (d) Two-way classification

MCQ No 2.48:
The following frequency distribution
Classes 0----4 5----9 10----14 15----19 20----24
Frequency 2 3 7 5 3
is classified as:
(a) Multiple classification (b) Qualitative classification
(c) Inclusive classification (d) Exclusive classification

MCQ No 2.49:
The following frequency distribution
Classes More than 4 More than 4 More than 6 More than 8 More than 10
Frequency 2 6 16 19 20
is classified as:
(a) Geographical classification (b) Chronological classification
(c) Inclusive classification (d) Exclusive classification

MCQ No 2.50:
The class frequency divided by the total number of observations is called:
(a) Percentage frequency (b) Relative frequency
(c) Cumulative frequency (d) Bivariate frequency

MCQ No 2.51:
The relative frequency multiplied by 100 is called:
(a) Percentage frequency (b) Cumulative frequency
(c) Bivariate frequecy (d) Simple frequency
MCQ No 2.52
In a relative frequency distribution, the total of the relative frequencies is:
(a) 100 (b) One (c) ∑f (d) ∑ X

MCQ No 2.53:
In a percentage frequency distribution, the total of the percentage frequencies is always equal to:
(a) 1 (b) ∑f (c) 100% (d) ∑X

MCQ No 2.54
The cumulative frequency of first group in more than cumulative frequency distribution is always equal to:
(a) 1 (b) 100 (c) ∑f (d) ∑X

MCQ No 2.55
The cumulative frequency of last class in less than cumulative frequency distribution is always equal to:
(a) ∑f (b) ∑X (c) 1 (d) 100

MCQ No 2.56:
The following frequency distribution:
Classes Less than 10 Less than 20 Less than 30 Less than 40 Less than 50
Frequency 2 6 16 19 20
is classified as:
(a) Less than cumulative frequency distribution (b) More than cumulative frequency distribution
(c) Discrete frequency distribution (d) Cumulative percentage frequency distribution

MCQ No 2.57:
The following frequency distribution
Classes 50----55 55----60 60----65 65----70 70----75
Frequency 40 36 30 16 4
is classified as:
(a) Relative frequency distribution (b) Less than cumulative frequency distribution
(c) More than cumulative frequency distribution (d) Bivariate frequency distribution

MCQ No 2.58
A frequency distribution formed considering two variables at a time is called:
(a) Univariate frequency distribution (b) Bivariate frequency distribution
(c) Trivariate frequency distribution (d) Bimodal distribution

MCQ No 2.59
The sum of rows or sum of columns, of a bivariate, frequency distribution is equal to:
(a) ∑X (b) ∑fX (c) ∑(f+X) (d) ∑f

MCQ No 2.60:
The arrangement of data in rows and columns is called:
(a) Classification (b) Tabulation (c) Frequency distribution (d) Cumulative frequency distribution

MCQ No 2.61:
When the qualitative or quantitative raw data are classified according to one characteristic, the
tabulation of different groups is called:
(a) Dichotomy (b) Manifold-division (c) Bivariate (d) One-way
MCQ No 2.62
A statistical table consists of at least:
(a) Two parts (b) Three parts (c) Four parts (d) Five parts

MCQ No 2.63
In a statistical table, prefatory note is shown:
(a) Below the body (b) Box head ` (c) Foot note (d) Below the title

MCQ No 2.64
A source note in a statistical table is given:
(a) At the end of a table (b) In the beginning of a table
(c) In the middle of a table (d) Below the body of a table

MCQ No 2.65
In a statistical table, column captions are called:
(a) Box head (b) Stub (c) Body (d) Title

MCQ No 2.66
In a statistical table, row captions are called:
(a) Box head (b) Stub (c) Body (d) Title

MCQ No 2.67:
The headings of the rows of a table are called:
(a) Prefatory notes (b) Titles (c) Stubs (d) Captions

MCQ No 2.68:
The headings of the columns of a table are called:
(a) Stubs (b) Captions (c) Footnotes (d) Source notes

MCQ No 2.69:
The budgets of two families can be compared by:
(a) Sub-divided rectangles (b) Pie diagram (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Histogram

MCQ No 2.70:
Total angle of the pie-chart is:
(a) 45 (b) 90 (c) 180 (d) 360

MCQ No 2.71:
Diagram are another form of:
(a) Classification (b) Tabulation (c) Angle (d) Percentage

MCQ No 2.72
In pie diagram, the angle of a sub-sector is obtained as:

MCQ No 2.73:
A pie diagram is represented by a:
(a) Rectangle (b) Circle (c) Triangle (d) Square
MCQ No 2.74:
A sector diagram is also called:
(a) Bar diagram (b) Histogram (c) Historigram (d) Pie diagram

MCQ No 2.75:
Which of the following is not a one-dimensional diagram:
(a) Simple bar diagram (b) Multiple bar diagram
(c) Component bar diagram (d) Pie diagram

MCQ No 2.76:
Which of the following is a two-dimensional diagram:
(a) Sub-divided bar (b) Percentage component bar chart
(c) Sub-divided rectangles (d) Multiple bar diagram

MCQ No 2.77:
Pie diagram represents the components of a factor by:
(a) Circles (b) Sectors (c) Angles (d) Percentages

MCQ No 2.78:
The suitable diagram to represent the data relating to the monthly expenditure on different items by a
family is:
(a) Historigram (b) Histogram (c) Multiple bar diagram (d) Pie diagram

MCQ No 2.79
A graph of time series or historical series is called:
(a) Histogram (b) Historigram (c) Frequency curve (d) Frequency polygon

MCQ No 2.80
The historigram is the graphical presentation of data which are classified:
(a) Geographically (b) Numerically (c) Qualitatively (d) According to time

MCQ No 2.81
Historigram and histogram are:
(a) Always same (b) Not same (c) Off and on same (d) Randomly same

MCQ No 2.82
A distribution in which the observations are concentrated at one end of the distribution is called a:
(a) Symmetric distribution (b) Normal distribution
(c) Skewed distribution (d) Uniform distribution

MCQ No 2.83
For graphic presentation of a frequency distribution, the paper to be used is:
(a) Carbon paper (b) Ordinary paper (c) Graph paper (d) Butter paper

MCQ No 2.84
Histogram can be drawn only for:
(a) Discrete frequency distribution (b) Continuous frequency distribution
(c) Cumulative frequency distribution (d) Relative frequency distribution

MCQ No 2.85
Histogram is a graph of:
(a) Frequency distribution (b) Time series (c) Qualitative data (d) Ogive
MCQ No 2.86
Histogram and frequency polygon are two graphical representations of:
(a) Frequency distribution (b) Class boundaries (c) Class intervals (d) Class marks

MCQ No 2.87
Frequency polygon can be drawn with the help of:
(a) Historigram (b) Histogram (c) Circle (d) Percentage

MCQ No 2.88
In a cumulative frequency polygon, the cumulative frequency of each class is plotted against:
(a) Mid-point (b) Lower class boundary (c) Upper class boundary (d) Upper class limit

MCQ No 2.89
The graph of the cumulative frequency distribution is called:
(a) Histogram (b) Frequency polygon (c) Pictogram (d) Ogive

MCQ No 2.90
When successive mid-points in a histogram are connected by straight lines, the graph is called a:
(a) Historigram (b) Ogive (c) Frequency curve (d) Frequency polygon

MCQ No 2.91
A frequency polygon is a closed figure which is:
(a) One sided (b) Two sided (c) Three sided (d) Many sided

MCQ No 2.92
Ogive curve can be occurred for the distribution of:
(a) Less than type (b) More than type (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither (a) and (b)

MCQ No 2.93
The word ogive is also used for:
(a) Frequency polygon (b) Cumulative frequency polygon
(c) Frequency curve (d) Histogram

MCQ No 2.94
Cumulative frequency polygon can be used for the calculation of:
(a) Mean (b) Median (c) Mode (d) Geometric mean
1. Scientific method involves

a) Formulation of hypothesis
b) testing of hypothesis
c) analysis of data and drawing conclusion
Multiple Choice Multiple Choice
d) all of the above
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2. In scientific method, a predictive statement

about observation that can be tested
scientifically is called
a) Truth
b) evidence
c) proof

d) hypothesis
3. The hypothesis which the researcher tries to
disprove is called
a) alternate hypothesis
Human Physiology
b) ad hoc hypothesis
c) null hypotheis
d) auxillary hypothesis
4. Hypothesis
a) must be based on existing knowledge
b) must be simple with high predictability
MCQ on Animal MCQ on Excretory
c) must be empirical
Hormones (The Products and
d) all of these Endocrine their Elimination
5. Negation of alternate hypothesis is called System)
a) null hypothesis
b) ad hoc hypothesis
b) ad hoc hypothesis
c) alternate hypothesis
d) auxillary hypothesis
6. Testing of hypothesis is called
a) alternate hypothesis Multiple Choice Multiple Choice
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b) experiment
Nervous System Endocrine System
c) analysis
d) interpretation
7. At the end of research process,
a) the hypothesis will always be approved
b) the hypothesis may be rejected
c) the hypothesis may be approved or rejected
d) all of these
8. Scientifically acceptable general principle
formulated to explain a phenomenon based on
experimental evidence is called
a) Law
b) Theory
c) proof
d) evidence
9. Theory is
a) dynamic
b) static
Sponsored by
c) always true Open
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d) none of these
10. Which of the following statements are true
about law
a) law is a summary of large number of facts
b) often a statement or equation
c) Law is a universally accepted theory Biology MCQ Corner
d) all of the above
11. An universally accepted theory that is
capable of making true predictions is called
a) Law
b) Theory
c) proof
d) evidence
12. Facts and figures used to support or
disprove hypothesis, theory or law is called
a) Corroboration
b) Scientific evidence
c) scientific proofs
c) scientific proofs
d) scientific data
13. The imitation of real thing or process is Botany MCQ
called
MCQ on Animal Kingdom
a) imitation
b) simulation biology practice test
c) virtual testing
cell biology mcq Genetics MCQs
d) Insilco
14. Virtual testing is the mcq on cell biology
a) testing of hypothesis by Insilco method
b) testing of hypothesis by laboratory experiments Biotechnology Practice Test

c) testing of hypothesis by research

Evolution mcq
d) testing of hypothesis by in vitro experiments
15. The process of providing evidence to MCQ on Human physiology
support a theory that is already supported by
MCQ on Plant Physiology
some evidences
a) Corroboration ecology practice test
b) Scientific evidence
c) scientific proofs MCQ on Animal Physiology

d) scientific data
cell and molecular biology mcq
Learn more: Quiz on Scientific Method
Answers cell cycle mcq
1. d) all of the above
Zoology Practice Test
2. d) hypothesis
3. c) null hypothesis Environmental Biotechnology mcq
4.d) all of these
5. a) null hypothesis
6. b) experiment
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8. b) Theory
9. a) dynamic Name
10. d) all of the above
11. a) Law Email *
12. b) Scientific evidence
13. b) simulation
Message *
14. a) testing of hypothesis by Insilco method
15. a) Corroboration

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An overview of the main area under study

Correct
Question 24
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50

The correlational research seeks to:

a.
Both determining the relationship between
two variables & studying the effect of one
on other

b.
Determine the relationship between two or
more variables

c.
Study the effect of one on other

d.
None of the choices

The correct answer is:

Both determining the relationship between two
variables & studying the effect of one on other
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Correct
Question 6
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50

Which of the following is not found in a

frequency distribution?

a.
All of the above are found in a frequency
distribution.

b.
Individual observations within each class

c.
Class limits

d.
Class intervals

The correct answer is:

Individual observations within each class

Correct
Question 7
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50

What helos when develooina a research

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T IU11 I kJ C T kJ I UUoCI VdUUl io III Lilt; kJ a La oCl

Incorrect
Question 17
Mark 0.00 out of 0.50

The ratio scale has which of the following

properties?

a.
None of the choices

b.
It only has characteristics classified under
a subgroup that have common
characteristics.

C.
It has a relative scale with units of *
measurement with an arbitrary starting and
terminating point.

d.
It is an absolute scale and has units of
measurements with a fixed starting point.

The correct answer is:

It is an absolute scale and has units of
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VW
i lie cuireci diibwer ib.

1=dissatisfied, 2= neither dissatisfied or

satisfied, 3= satisfied

Correct
Question 26
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50

The following are the features of a good research

student except:

a.
Should be ethical and unbiased

b.
Should be unethical and biased

C.
Should be replicable

d.
Should be systematic and objective

The correct answer is:

Should be unethical and biased

Correct
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Height in cm

Correct
Question 20
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50

Which of the following can be the source of

primary data in research?

a.
Survey and reference

b.
Experiment

c.
Survey and experiment

d.
Survey

The correct answer is:

Survey and experiment

Correct
Question 21
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50
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Correct
Question 7
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50

What helps when developing a research

question?

a.
Specific guidelines in other books

b.
A big budget

C.
Knowledge of the subject area

d.
Knowledge of the subject area

The correct answer is:

Knowledge of the subject area

Incorrect
Question 8
Mark 0.00 out of 0.50

If you have a specific idea about what is to be

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Incorrect
Question 13
Mark 0.00 out of 0.50

Which of the following statements regarding

hypothesis is true?

a.
Hypothesis relates variables to constants

b.
Hypothesis relates variables to variables

c.
Hypothesis relates constants to variables

d.
Hypothesis relates constants to constants

The correct answer is:

Hypothesis relates variables to variables

Correct
Question 14
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In rating the service provided by a

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Not answered
Question 19
Marked out of 0.50

Which of the following is not an example of a

categorical variable?

a.
Gender: Male/female

b.
Height in cm

C.
Age: 18-20 year/21-25 year/over 25 years

d.
Taste of a specific brand of coffee:
like/don't like

The correct answer is:

Height in cm

Correct
Question 20
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Correct
Question 2
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The most important advantage of sampling

method of data collection is:

a.
Increase accuracy

b.
Save times

C.
Easy to handle the data

d.
The only method of data collection

The correct answer is:

Save times

Incorrect
Question 3
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Which of the following is an example of a

.■Il JAWWAL 1:38 PM ® 9 95%@S)'

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r\l lUWItiUy C Ul UIC bUUJtiCL died

Incorrect
Question 8
Mark 0.00 out of 0.50

If you have a specific idea about what is to be

researched you should

a.
Write a research proposal

b. X
Talk to your supervisor

c.
Formulate research objectives

d.
Follow the twelve steps of selecting a
research problem

The correct answer is:

Formulate research objectives

Incorrect
Question 9
Mark 0.00 out of 0.50
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unange vanaoie

Correct
Question 12
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50

In a tabular presentation, the summary and

presentation of data with different non­
overlapping classes are defined as

a.
Frequency distribution

b.
Nominal distribution

C.
Chronological distribution

d.
Ordinal distribution

The correct answer is:

Frequency distribution

Incorrect
Question 13
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Survey and experiment

Correct
Question 21
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50

Hypothesis:

a.
All of the choices

b.
Must be empirical

c.
Must be simple with high predictability

d.
Must be based on existing knowledge

The correct answer is:

All of the choices

Not answered
Question 22
Marked out of 0.50
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Correct
Question 16
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50

The relative frequency for a class in a frequency

distribution is calculated by:

a.
Subtracting the lower limit of the class
from the upper limit and multiplying the
difference by the number of classes

b.
Dividing the frequency of the class by the
number of classes

c.
Dividing the frequency of the class by thq^
total number of observations in the data
set

d.
Dividing the frequency of the class by the
class width

The correct answer is:

Dividing the frequency of the class by the total
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uraae
14.5 out of 20 (73%)

Correct
Question 1
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50

While constructing Frequency Distribution, the

number of classes used depends upon

a.
None of the choices

b.
Range of Data

c.
Size of Class

d.
Number of Observation

The correct answer is:

Size of Class
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Not answered
Question 28
Marked out of 0.50

If you suspect that a population is made up of

two subpopulations, for example males and
females, with different values for a certain
continuous variable, which of the following would
you use to visually check for such a possible
difference?

a.
The modes of a histogram

b.
The median of a histogram

c.
The skewness of the histogram

d.
The modes of a line chart

The correct answer is:

The modes of a histogram
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Incorrect
Question 3
Mark 0.00 out of 0.50

Which of the following is an example of a

continuous variable?

a.
Reaction time in seconds

b.
Educational level: low/ medium/ high

c.
Gender: male/ female

d.
Age: younger than 40 years/ 40 years or X ✓
older

The correct answer is:

Reaction time in seconds

Correct
Question 4
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50

The hypothesis which the research tries to

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uestion ft
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50

In rating the service provided by a

waiter/waitress, the following responses are
possible: excellent, above average, average,
below average, and poor. The responses are
coded from 1 to 5 with 5 being excellent. These
observations are on the:

a.
Nominal scale

b.
Interval scale

c.
Ratio scale

d.
Ordinal scale

The correct answer is:

Ordinal scale

Correct
Question 15
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Correct
Question 11
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50

An Independent variable can be defined as

a.
Confounding variable

b.
Outcome/effect variable

c.
Change variable

d.
Extraneous variable

The correct answer is:

Change variable

Correct
Question 12
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50
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Not answered
Question 25
Marked out of 0.50

Which of the following is the most likely code

book entry for a three point satisfaction scale?

a.
1= satisfied, 10= very satisfied, 100=
extremely satisfied

b.
1= dissatisfied, 3= satisfied, 5= very
dissatisfied

c.
1=dissatisfied, 2= neither dissatisfied or
satisfied, 3= satisfied

d.
1= satisfied, 2= extremely satisfied,
3=extremely dissatisfied

The correct answer is:

1=dissatisfied, 2= neither dissatisfied or
satisfied, 3= satisfied
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Reaction time in seconds

Correct
Question 4
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50

The hypothesis which the research tries to

disprove is called:

a.
Ad hoc hypothesis

b.
Null hypothesis

c.
Auxiliary hypothesis

d.
Alternate hypothesis

The correct answer is:

Null hypothesis

Correct
Question 5
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50
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Correct
Question 15
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50

It has been claimed that BCom students make up

the largest group of students from a single
degree programme amongst all students taking
the STA100S course. You wish to investigate this
and ask 1200 STA100S students which degree
they are currently registered for. What type of
data have you collected and how could this be
best represented, given the options below?

a.
Qualitative data to be represented in a pi<*^ ✓
chart

b.
Quantitative data to be represented in a
pie chart

C.
Qualitative data to be represented in a
histogram

d.
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The correct answer is:

Validity

Correct
Question 23
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50

The proposal should start with

a.
Sampling technique

b.
An overview of the main area under study

c.
The proposed structure of the report

d.
A time frame of the proposed research

The correct answer is:

An overview of the main area under study

Correct
Question 24
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50
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Correct
Question 27
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50

The average value of the lower and upper limit of

a class is called

a.

» Class Frequency

b.
Mid-point

c.
Class Boundary

d.
Class Interval

The correct answer is:

Mid-point
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All of the choices

Not answered
Question 22
Marked out of 0.50

A research proposal outlines the research

process that is to be undertaken so that the
and appropriateness can be
examined by others.

a.
Validity

b.
Authority

Relevance

d.
Appearance

The correct answer is:

Validity

Correct
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measurements with a fixed starting point.

Correct
Question 18
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50

Which of the following statements is not true

about random sampling?

a.
An economical method of sampling

b.
Random sampling is free from biases

c.
Random sampling is reasonably accurate

d.
Can be applied for all types of data
collections

The correct answer is:

Can be applied for all types of data collections

Not answered
Question 19
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Correct
Question 4
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50

The hypothesis which the research tries to

disprove is called:

a.
Ad hoc hypothesis

b.
Null hypothesis

c.
Auxiliary hypothesis

d.
Alternate hypothesis

The correct answer is:

Null hypothesis

Correct
Question 5
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50

What is a function of a literature review?

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Correct
Question 5
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50

What is a function of a literature review?

a.
To identify a research problem

b.
To demonstrate that you can use the
internet

c.
To provide reliable research findings

d.
To provide a theoretical background to th8^ ✓
study

The correct answer is:

To provide a theoretical background to the study

Correct
Question 6
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50
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Incorrect
Question 10
Mark 0.00 out of 0.50

A cross tabulation is

a.
A distribution of frequencies for one
variable

b.
A frame of analysis

c.
None of the choices

d.
Analysis of two variables to ascertain a
relationship between them

The correct answer is:

Analysis of two variables to ascertain a
relationship between them

Correct
Question 11
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Incorrect
Question 9
Mark 0.00 out of 0.50

Testing hypothesis is called:

a.
alternate hypotheisis

b.
interpretation

c.
experiment

d.
analysis

The correct answer is:

experiment

Incorrect
Question 10
Mark 0.00 out of 0.50

A cross tabulation is
.■Il JAWWAL 1:41 PM ® a 95% 01

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Mark 0.50 out of 0.50

If you have data on house prices and the

distance of each of those houses from the city
center, and you are curious whether there is an
association between distance from the city
centre and the price of the house, with which of
the following graphical techniques could you
most easily see whether there is indeed such a
relationship?

a.
Two histograms, one of house prices and
one of distance from city centre

b.
A bimodal histogram

A bar graph with distance on the x-axis

and price on the y-axis

d.
A scatter diagram

The correct answer is:

A scatter diagram
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A scatter diagram

Correct
Question 33
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50

Which of the following is not the goal of

descriptive statistics?

a.
Summarizing data

b.
Reporting numerical findings

C.
Estimating characteristics of the
population

d.
Displaying aspects of the collected data

The correct answer is:

Estimating characteristics of the population

Correct
Question 34
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Correct
Question 29
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50

The research problem determines

a.
What methodology will be used

b.
How good your research skills are

c.
The amount of support you get from your
supervisor

d.
How long the report will be

The correct answer is:

What methodology will be used

Correct
Question 30
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50
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(jne-snoT or status sway

The correct answer is:

One-shot or status study

Correct
Question 40
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50

Which of the following best suit for "Action

Research"?

a.
It is a population research

b.
It is a quantity research

C.
It is an applied research

d.
It is a survey research

The correct answer is:

It is an applied research
.■Il JAWWAL 1:41 PM <5> a 95%®®'

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What methodology will be used

Correct
Question 30
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50

The population census carried out by the

government of Palestine can be an example of:

a.
Causal research

b.
Descriptive research

C.
All of the above

d.
Exploratory research

The correct answer is:

Descriptive research

Correct
Question 31
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50
.■Il JAWWAL 1:42 PM <5> a 95%®®'

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The correct answer is:
Estimating characteristics of the population

Correct
Question 34
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50

inferred about the whole population based on the

observations made on small part is called

a.
Deductive inference

b.
objective inference

C.
Pseudo-inference

d.
Inductive inference

The correct answer is:

Inductive inference

Correct
Question 35
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50
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Correct
Question 36
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50

If you have data on the yearly average

temperature at Cape Town International Airport
from 1900 to 2000, and if you are particularly
interested in change over time, what is the most
effective graphical display?

a.
Line chart

b.
Histogram

c.
Scatter plot

d.
Pie chart

The correct answer is:

Line chart
.■Il JAWWAL 1:42 PM ® 95%!¥@

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The correct answer is:

Estimating characteristics of the population

Correct
Question 34
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50

inferred about the whole population based on the

observations made on small part is called

a.
Deductive inference

b.
objective inference

C.
Pseudo-inference

d.
Inductive inference

The correct answer is:

Inductive inference

Correct
Question 35
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50
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Line cnan

Correct
Question 37
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50

Facts and figures used to support or disprove

hypothesis, theory or law is called:

a.
Corroboration

b.
Scientific evidence

C.
Scientific proofs

d.
Scientific data

The correct answer is:

Scientific evidence

Correct
Question 38
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50
.■Il JAWWAL 1:41 PM ® 95%!¥@

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l he correct answer is:
Descriptive research

Correct
Question 31
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50

In scientific method, a predictive statement

about observation that can be tested
scientifically is called:

a.
Truth

b.
Proof

c.
Evidence

d.
Hpothesis

The correct answer is:

Hpothesis

Correct
.■Il JAWWAL 1:42 PM ® 95%!¥@

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Incorrect
Question 39
Mark 0.00 out of 0.50

A cross-sectional study is also known as:

a.
Before and after study

b.
Pre-test/post-test design

C.
Prospective design

d.
One-shot or status study

The correct answer is:

One-shot or status study

Correct
Question 40
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50

Which of the following best suit for "Action

.■Il JAWWAL 1:42 PM ® 95%!¥@

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The correct answer is:

Scientific evidence

Correct
Question 38
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50

The arrangement of data in rows and columns is

called

a.
Tabulation

b.
Classification

c.
Frequency distribution

d.
Cumulative frequency distribution

The correct answer is:

Tabulation

Incorrect
Question 39
Mark 0.00 out of 0.50
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Correct
Question 35
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50

The sum of the relative frequencies for all

classes in a frequency distribution will always
equal

a.
The class width

b.
The number of classes

c.
One

d.
Zero

The correct answer is:

One

Correct
Question 36
Mark 0.50 out of 0.50
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Ask any question step-by
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