Basics of

Disaster Risk Management

Gujarat Institute of Disaster Management

B/H. PDPU, Koba- Gandhinagar Highway
Village - Raisan, Dist. Gandhinagar
Ph. 079-23275804/www.gidm.gujarat.gov.in
 What is ‘disaster risk’?

 To actually understand what a disaster is, we must understand what disaster risk is!

 To understand disaster risk, we need to thoroughly understand few terms!

 The words that we need to know and understand are:

 Hazard

 Vulnerability

 Exposure

 Coping capacity
 What is a ‘hazard’?

A process, phenomenon or human activity that may cause loss of life, injury or other
health impacts, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental
degradation.

Tsunami

Landslide

Flood
Earthquake
 What is a ‘hazard’?

So anything, which can be a process or a substance (e.g. nuclear fuel) or an

establishment (e.g. petroleum refinery, power plants etc.) can be a hazard.
 To put it in simple words, if there is anything which can cause harm to life, property

or both, is what hazard really is!

 Hazards can be natural or man-made (anthropogenic).

 For example, natural hazards are Earthquake, Flood, etc., while, man-made hazards

are all those events which takes place due to human causes or in fact, negligence, like
explosions or oil-spills.
 Hazards have however been classified into different ‘scientific categories’ depending

on how they occur.

 Let us go through some of such classifications in the following slides.

 Classification of Hazards

Earthquake Floods Storm, Rain, Wind, Drought

Tsunami Wave Action Hail, Snow, Ice,
Coastal Erosion Blizzard, Lightning, Glacial lake
Mass Movement Shoreline Change Sand, Dust, Tornado Outburst (GLOF)
triggered by Extreme
geophysical events Mass Movement Temperature, Cold Wildfire
Landslide triggered by Wave, Heat wave,
Avalanche Hydrological events Frost, Freeze
Rock fall Landslide
Mud flow Avalanche Fog
Debris flow Rock fall Tropical Cyclone,
Subsidence Mud flow Cyclonic Wind, Rain,
Debris flow Surge
Subsidence
 Classification of Hazards

Erosion Epidemics Industrial Disaster Radiation

Deforestation Pandemics Structural Collapse Contamination/
Salinization Epizootics Power Outage Nuclear Incident
Sea Level Rise Pest
Fire Aviation Accident
Desertification Insect infestation,
Explosion Rail Accident
Asian Dust Cloud Animal Incidents
Mine Disaster Road Accident
Wetland Pollution
Chemical Spill Navigation Accident
Loss/Degradation
Oil Spill Space Accident
Glacier
Retreat/Melting
 Cascading hazards

 One often finds that one hazard triggers another.

 For example, a tsunami (which is a natural hazard) may trigger a power-plant located
on the sea-coast to malfunction leading to greater danger.

 Such scenarios have been categorised as Natural Hazards Triggering Technological

Disasters or NATECH.
 You may want to go through this to learn more about NATECH.
 https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/sites/jrcsh/files/natech-leaflet.pdf

Food for thought: Do you live in an area which is prone to NATECH?

 What is ‘exposure’?

The situation of people, infrastructure, housing, production capacities and other

tangible human assets located in hazard-prone areas

Exposed!
 What is ‘exposure’?

• Measures of exposure can include the number

of people or types of assets in an area.
• Let’s say that there is an imminent danger of a
forest fire, in that case the exposure would be
of the forest area and the flora and fauna of
the area!
• To put it simply, if you feel that you can be
affected by a hazard, you are exposed!
 What is ‘Vulnerability’?

The conditions determined by physical, social, economic and environmental

factors or processes which increase the susceptibility of an individual, a
community, assets or systems to the impacts of hazards

Vulnerability is a characteristic of those ‘assets’ which are

exposed!

-If you build your house in an area which is prone to flood or

earthquake, you are vulnerable.
-Let’s say that you have built your house no matter what, but if you
have not taken any measure to deal with it, then you are more
vulnerable!
 What is ‘disaster risk’?
Now that we know few of the important terms, let us try
to understand what a disaster risk is.

- Hazard, which can be natural or man-made, will occur

at some point of time, whether we want it or not. So
basically, it is a probability of occurrence.

- Given this probability of occurrence of a hazard, there

will be ‘something’ which will be exposed to the
impending effects.

- Now this exposed assets will have vulnerabilities to

different extents. Some may be highly vulnerable,
while, some will be very less vulnerable.

Thus, the function of these three variables tell us whether

we have a disaster risk or not.
 What is ‘disaster risk’?

Case 1: We often hear about avalanches in the upper reaches of Himalayas, but we never call it a
disaster. Why? Because, there is an imminent hazard but nothing is exposed and if nothing is exposed,
there will be no vulnerabilities.
Case 2: Let’s assume another scenario. We build a strong house in an earthquake prone area and
there is an earthquake. Nothing happens to the building or the people living inside it. In this case, there
is a hazard and the building is exposed, but, the building has very less or no vulnerability at all.
Case 3: In the same scenario, let’s say that although the building is strong but the people inside are not
aware of what to do in an earthquake. So, all the 200 people inside the building start running out.
This creates a stampede and when they come out, other building outside, which are not so strong,
collapses causing injury and death. In this case, the vulnerability of the people due to the lack of
knowledge raises the disaster risk.
 So what is a ‘Disaster’ then?

When the ‘disaster risk’ exceeds the ‘coping capacity’ of the ‘exposed’ assets, the
incident of a hazard turns into a ‘disaster’.

So, what is Coping Capacity?

 What is ‘coping capacity’?

The ability of people, organizations and systems, using available skills and resources,
to manage adverse conditions, risk or disasters.
- The capacity to cope requires continuing awareness, resources and good
management, both in normal times as well as during disasters or adverse conditions.
- Coping capacities contribute to the reduction of disaster risks.

If you have the capacity to deal with the disaster risk, you are good to go, else it is
a disaster!

“When the going gets tough, the tough gets going”

 What is a ‘disaster’?

 There will always be a disaster risk owing to the hazards we are surrounded by, the
vulnerabilities of the exposed assets.

 But, if we have the capacity to deal with it, there will be no disaster. It will merely be a
‘hazardous’ event which would require immediate attention!

 Thus, disaster is an event where the lurking disaster risks exceeds the coping
capacities.

 Legally, though, disaster has been defined in a much more elaborated fashion.
 Definition of a Disaster: Legal Connotation

 This has been taken from the Disaster Management Act of India, 2005

“Disaster means a catastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave

occurrence in any area, arising from natural or man made
causes, or by accident or negligence which results in
substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to, or
degradation of, environment, and is of such a nature or
magnitude as to be beyond the coping capacity of the
community of the affected area.”
 Definition of a Disaster: Legal Connotation

This has been taken from the Gujarat Disaster Management Act of 2003.

An actual or imminent event, whether natural or otherwise occurring in any part of the
State which causes, or threatens to cause all or any of the following:

1. Widespread loss or damage to property, both immovable and movable; or

2. Widespread loss of human life or injury or illness to human beings; or

3. Damage or degradation of environment

And any of the effects specified in sub-clauses (1) to (3) is such as to be beyond the
capacity of the affected community to cope up with using its own resources and which
disrupts the normal functioning of the community.
 Types of Disaster

Disasters have been categorised into:

(click on the different categories to
learn more)

Disaster Natural

Man - Made
 Types of Disaster: Food for thought

 Do you think it is wise to categorize disasters into natural and man-made?

 Think of it this way.

 In case of hazards like earthquake or cyclone or tsunami, they are all natural phenomenon
which can not be stopped. However, knowingly we build our houses in hazard prone zones
and above that, we do not even take care of our vulnerabilities to increase our coping
capacities. So, we, humans, are actually increasing the disaster risks to an extent where it
is becoming a disaster. So, are these disasters really natural or are we responsible for
it in some ways?
 In case of hazards like oil-spills and refinery explosions, it is off course, the humans who
are responsible.
 To sum it up, are there any disasters which are natural?
Why do we need to worry? Occurrences (1998-2017)
 Why do we need to worry? Effect of Disaster (1998 – 2017)

Economic Losses Deaths

To know more about the effects,
you may want to check the
World Disasters Report
Why do we need to worry? Effect of disaster in India(1998 – 2017)

13 lakh Killed

440 crore Injured, Homeless, Displaced

US$ 2908 Bn. Direct Economic Loss

 Effects of the Gujarat Earthquake 2001

Direct Damage & Loss Assessment

Tertiary
• Human lives

Indirect
• Export/ import • Long-term
(13805) development
• Agricultural output
• Livestock, other • Overall investment
• Industry/services
animals climate
output
• Private property • Fund reallocation
• Remittance income
• Municipal • Community
• Fall in earning
infrastructure migration/
potential due to
• Power/ disability, trauma relocation
telecommunications
• Unemployment
infrastructure
• Health hazard
• Health/ education
assets
• Estimate: Rs. 3000 • Estimate: Rs. 10100
crore crore
• Estimate: Rs. 9900
crore
 We need to manage disasters, but how?

Now that we have a clear idea of how bad disasters can be, we obviously need to manage it. This
is how disaster management came into being.
The following definition of Disaster Management has been taken from the Disaster Management
Act (DM Act), 2003.
Disaster Management means a continuous and integrated process of planning and
implementation of measures with a view to:
1. Mitigating or reducing the risk of reducing the risk of disasters;
2. Mitigating the severity or consequence of disasters;
3. Capacity - building;
4. Emergency preparedness;
5. Assessing the effects of disasters;
6. Providing emergency relief and rescue; and
7. Post-disaster rehabilitation and reconstruction
 Managing disasters: Disaster Management Cycle
Prevention
Measures the object of which is to avoid the occurrence of
a disaster
Mitigation
Measure aimed at reducing the impact or effect of disaster
Preparedness
State of readiness which enables stakeholders to mobilize,
organize and provide relief to deal with an impending or
actual disaster or the effect of a disaster
Response
Measures taken during or immediate after a declaration of
disaster to diminish, or alleviate any suffering, pain, injury
or distress or hardship caused on account of the disaster
Recovery
The actions taken by the community and all the
government and the non-government agencies to reset the
condition after disaster and minimise the vulnerability of
the same kind of disaster in future DM Act 2003
 What is ‘Prevention & Mitigation’?

 Prevention expresses the concept and intention to completely avoid potential

adverse impacts of hazardous events.

 In case, disaster risks cannot be eliminated, prevention aims at reducing vulnerability

and exposure in such contexts where, as a result, the risk of disaster is removed.

 Examples
 Dams Or Embankments

 Land - Use Regulations

 Seismic Engineering Designs

 Immunization
 What is ‘Preparedness’?

 Aim is to build the capacities needed to efficiently manage all types of emergencies and achieve
orderly transitions from response to sustained recovery
 Examples
 Preparation of DM Plans
 Plan Testing or Exercising
 Establishment of inter-agency agreements
 Development of systems for public warning and distribution of information
 Emergency Communication
 Emergency Response Personnel Training
 Securing Adequate Resources
 Public education
 What is ‘Response’?

 Focused on immediate and short-term needs

 Examples
 Public Warning & Evacuation
 Search & Rescue
 First Aid
 Arrangements for Shelter
 Fatality Management
 Sanitation
 Law & Order
 Resumption of Critical Infrastructure
 Media Management
 VIP Visits
 Donation Management
 What is ‘Reconstruction & Rehabilitation’?

 Restoring or Improving Economic, Physical, Social, Cultural And Environmental

assets, systems and activities, of a disaster affected community or society, aligning
with the principles of Sustainable Development and “Build Back Better”, to avoid or
reduce future disaster risk.
 Examples

 Primary Requirements (Water, Food, Shelters)  Restore Resources (Electricity, water, gas)
 Restore Communication
 Waste disposal
 Restore all emergency services
 Debris clearance
 Restart the Education centres( Schools,
 Decontamination colleges)
 Environment clearance  Employment opportunity
 Damage assessment  Political stability
 Reconstruction (Houses, Roads and Bridges,  Cultural recovery
Industrial, Commercial and Residential
buildings, drainage system etc.)  Treatment for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
 Relocate community
 From Disaster Management to Disaster Risk Management

 Don’t you think disaster management is more of a reactive measure? You are right!

 Taking cognisance of this and powered by the researches that are going on around the world,
we are slowly shifting towards disaster risk management.

 Disaster Risk Management (DRM) is primarily the management of disaster risks in a

way such that those risks never become a disaster!

 You may have heard of a term, Disaster Risk Reduction. What is disaster risk reduction?

 Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) is all that we do to ensure that we have managed the
risks that we know about and be prepared to deal with the ones that we do not know
about.
 From disaster management to disaster risk management

 Disaster Risk Reduction is aimed at preventing new and reducing existing disaster risk
and managing residual risk, all of which contribute to strengthening resilience and
therefore to the achievement of Sustainable Development.

 It can be achieved by -
 Reduce Exposure to Hazards;
 Lessen Vulnerability of People and Property;
 Wise Management of Land and the Environment;
 Improve Preparedness and Early Warning for adverse events;

 Thus, overall, we need to develop our coping capacity!

Disaster Risk Management in India
What are the major hazards in
India & Gujarat?
 Earthquake: India

How it occurs ?

Earthquake occurs due to

tectonic plate movements. This
sudden release of energy, due
to the movements, cause
seismic waves that shakes the
ground.

To know more, see this!

Earthquake: Gujarat

Bhuj earthquake: Just

to get a context, one
may be interested in
reports on the
earthquake of 2001.
 Earthquake – Do’s and Don’ts

 Do not panic
 If already inside, than stay indoors! Get under a heavy desk or table and hang on to it.
 If fire breaks out, drop on the floor and crawl towards the exist
 If you are out doors during the quake, keep away from buildings, trees and electricity lines.
Walk towards open places, in a calm and composed manner.
 If you are driving, quickly but carefully move your car as far out of traffic as possible and
stop. Do not stop on or under a bridge or overpass or under trees, light posts, power lines, or
signs. Stay inside the car until shaking stops
 Do not enter into the unsafe or risky houses or buildings after an earthquake
 Do not keep telephone lines busy unnecessarily
 Cyclone: India

 Out of about 8000 km Coastline -

close to 5,700 km is prone to
cyclones.

 Given alongside, is the cyclone hazard

map of India!

 To better understand how

cyclones are formed, see this!
Cyclone: Gujarat
 Cyclone – Do’s and Don’ts

 During the storm do not venture out unless advised to evacuate.

 If you have a vehicle and wish to move out of your house, leave early before the onset
of a cyclone. It is often best to stay at home.
 Avoid remaining on the top floor of dwellings. Stay close to the ground.
 Avoid taking shelters near old and damaged buildings or near trees.
 Do not touch power lines. One may get electrocuted.
 Listen to the advice of local officials and emergency workers.
 Be sure that the storm has subsided before venturing out.
 Remain Calm
 Floods: India

 Riverine Flood  Urban Flood

 Coastal Flood  Flash Flood

 Ponding Flood
 Floods: Gujarat

Check this short film on the

Banskantha floods of 2017.

Flood
 Floods – Do’s & Don’ts

 Keep listening to weather forecast on radio and television. Move to your

residence only when instructed by the competent authority.
 Do not enter deep, unknown waters.
 Destroy the food commodities that have been affected by floodwater.
 Check properly all the electric circuits, floor level furnace, boilers, gas cylinders,
or electric equipments like motor pump etc.
 Switch off the main electric supply, if any damage is noticed to the electric
equipments.
 Boil drinking water before usage and drink chlorinated water.
 Eat safe food.
 Tsunami: India

To know more about Tsunamis, click here!

Tsunami: Gujarat
 Tsunami – Do’s & Don’ts

 Listen to a radio or television to get the latest emergency information, and be ready to

evacuate if asked to do so.

 If you hear a tsunami warning, move at once to higher ground and stay there until local

authorities say it is safe to return home.

 Move in an orderly, calm and safe manner to the evacuation site

 Stay away from the beach. Never go down to the beach to watch a tsunami come in.

 Return home only after authorities advise it is safe to do so.

 Drought Risk

 Meteorological Drought
 Lower than expected precipitation
 Misdistribution over the season

 Hydrological Drought
 Surface Water scarcity
 Ground water scarcity

 Agricultural Drought
 Crop losses due to low available moisture

 Socio-economic Drought
 Food scarcity
 Famines
 Technological hazards in Gujarat
 Registered Factories: 42065
 Major Accident Hazard (MAH)
Factories: 402
 To understand how bad it can be,
check this out!
Now that we have understood how destructive hazards and
disasters can be, the question is what is being done?

Let’s understand the activities on the international level first.

 Evolution of Disaster Risk Management

 It started with the United Nations observing the 1990s as the International
Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR).
 Aim was to decrease the loss of life, property destruction and social and economic
disruption caused by Natural Disasters. (Designation of the International Day for
Natural Disaster Reduction, promotion of DRR measures)

• Assistance in cases
UN/GA adopted of Natural Disaster International
1960 - measures 1970 – • Creation of the 1990 - Decade for
regarding United Nations Natural Disaster
1970 severe 1990 Disaster Relief
1999 Reduction
disasters Office (UNDRO) (IDNDR)
 Evolution of Disaster Risk Management
 1st World Conference on Natural Disaster, (May 1994, Yokohama, Japan)
 Adopted the Yokohama Strategy for a Safer World: Guidelines for Natural Disaster
Prevention, Preparedness and Mitigation and its Plan of Action.
 It was the main outcome of the mid-term review of the International Decade of Natural
Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) and established 10 principles for its strategy, a plan of
action and a follow-up.

 In Dec. 1999 United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR)
was created - successor to the secretariat of the IDNDR
• 1st World United Nations UNISDR carried out a
Conference on International review of the
1994 Natural Disaster 1999 Strategy for
2003 - Yokohama Strategy
• Yokohama Strategy Disaster Reduction 2004 and Plan of Action for
for a Safer World (UNISDR) a Safer World
 Evolution of Disaster Risk Management
 2nd World Conference on Disaster Reduction (January 2005, Kobe)
 The Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) (2005 – 2015): Building the Resilience of
Nations and Communities to Disasters
 Priorities for Action
 Ensure that Disaster Risk Reduction is a National and a Local priority with a strong
institutional basis for implementation.
 Identify, Assess and Monitor Disaster Risks and enhance Early Warning.
 Use knowledge, Innovation and Education to build a culture of Safety and Resilience at all
levels.
 Reduce the Underlying Risk Factors.
 Strengthen Disaster Preparedness for effective Response at all levels.
•2nd World Conference on
2005 -
Disaster Reduction
2006- Global Platform for
2015 2007 Disaster Risk Reduction
•Hyogo Framework for Action
 Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction:
Latest Framework of DRM
 3rd World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (March 2015, Sendai)
 Adopted the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) (2015 – 2030)
 Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction

 Expected Outcome and Goal

 Guiding Principles
 Priority of Actions
 Suggest steps to achieve it -
 Global and Regional Level

 National and Local Level

 Role of Stakeholders
 International Cooperation and
Global Partnership
 Materialising DRR through Sendai Framework

 Remember we were talking about Disaster Risk Management (DRM) and Disaster Risk
Reduction (DRR)?

 Well, it was through the Sendai Framework (SFDRR) that these actually started getting
materialised.

 The concepts of understanding disaster risks, managing and reducing them came out
of the academics bounds of recommendations and reports.

 All the signatory countries of SFDRR, have started imbibing the principles of risk
management and risk reduction in its national and local strategies and policies.

 India’s National Disaster Management Plan is in fact inspired from SFDRR.

 Mainstreaming DRM into Development Planning

Disaster and development are

the two faces of the same coin.
Do you agree?

Development, uncontrolled and

sporadic, exposes us to new
hazards, rendering us
vulnerable, leading to disasters.

On the other hand, disasters give

us an opportunity to learn from
our mistakes and develop in a
much more better way!
 Mainstreaming DRM into Development Planning

But we can not avoid development? Can we? Perhaps no!

So what do we do?

We need to develop in a sustainable manner.

Based on this simple principle the United Nations adopted the

Sustainable Development Goals!
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
Linkages between targets of SFDRR and SDGs
 Mainstreaming DRM into Development Planning

In addition to the Sendai • Sustainable Development Goals

Framework and the
(2015-2030)
Sustainable
Development Goals, • Paris Agreement 2015 (COP 21):
there are many other Convention on Climate Change
different agreements • New Urban Agenda: Quito
and treaties that have
Declaration on Sustainable Cities
been ratified by India
and all of these have an and Human Settlements for All
over-arching effect on • Addis Ababa Action Agenda:
disaster risks.
Financing for Development
 Evolution of Disaster Management Laws in India

 Famine codes developed in the 19th century.

 Relief manuals of States before and after independence.
 The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and various rules under the Act.
 The Public liability Insurance Act, 1991
 The High Power Committee (HPC) set up by Government of India in its report
submitted in 2003 and during its deliberations even prior to that suggested a “National
Calamity Management Act” for the country also prepared a “Model State Disaster
Management Act” for adoption by States.
 The Gujarat State Disaster Management Act, 2003; the Bihar Disaster
Management Act, 2004; the Uttar Pradesh Disaster Management Act, 2005 and the
Uttaranchal Disaster Management and Prevention Act, 2005.
Organisational and operational structure of disaster
management in India
 National Disaster Management Plan of India, 2016

Types of hazards as per the Plan

 Geophysical
 Earthquake (Mass movement of earth
material)
 Volcano
 Tsunami
 Hydrological
 Flood
 Landslides
 Wave action
 Meteorological
 Cyclone, storm surge, Tornado
 Extreme temperatures: Frost, Heat wave
 Climatological
 Drought
 Forest / Wildlife fires
 Biological
 National Disaster Management Plan

Key points to remember about the National Plan

 Levels of disasters:

 L1: Can be managed at district level.

 L2: Can be managed at state level; deployment of state level resources and agencies.
 L3: Catastrophic event.
 Institutional framework:
 MHA – deals with the overall coordination.
 Cabinet Committee on Security and National Crisis Management Centre – top level
decision making.
 “State governments will be carrying out disaster management with the central
government playing a supporting role”
 “The central agencies will participate only on the request from the state government.”
 National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)

 The general superintendence, direction and control of the National Disaster

Response Force (NDRF) shall be vested and exercised by the National Disaster
Management Authority.
 The National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) will position its battalions at different
locations as required for effective response.
 National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) units will maintain close liaison with the
designated State Governments and will be available to them in the event of any
serious threatening disaster situation.
 The National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) units will also impart basic training to
all the stakeholders identified by the State Governments in their respective locations.
 Organisational and operational structure in Gujarat

• Coordinate and Monitor

Disaster Prevention and
Mitigation Activities
GSDMA
• Act as Central Planning,
• Coordinate and Monitor
Coordinating and Monitoring
Disaster Response &
Body for Post-Disaster
Relief COR
Reconstruction and
Rehabilitation
• Promote Awareness and
• Human Resource Development, Capacity
Preparedness and Advice and
Building, Training, Academic Programs,
GIDM Train the Community and
Research and Documentation in the field
Stakeholders with view to
of Disaster Management
Increase Capacity
 Further Reading

State State State

Disaster Disaster Disaster
Management Management Management
Policy, 2002 Act, 2003 Plan
 Resilience to disaster: Way forward
 Resilience is the ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to
 resist,
 absorb,
 accommodate to and
 recover from
the effects of the hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including through the preservation and
restoration of its essential basic structures and functions

 How do we become resilient? It is a complex net of many elements.

 It is multi-disciplinary, trans-disciplinary.
 Technical science, social science, medical science, environmentalists etc., everyone is involved, directly
or indirectly. (Can you think of how you fit in here?)

 Just to get an idea of how this will work:

 Hazard -> Early warning -> Information dissemination -> Impact -> Rescue & Relief ->
Reconstruction & Rehabilitation -> Building back better (All this is according to DM Cycle and
SFDRR) (Can you relate?)
Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC) – ECHO Daily Map | 06/10/2016
Haiti, Dominican Republic, Cuba, USA – Tropical Cyclone MATTHEW

10 Oct, 6.00 UTC

111 km/h sust. winds

8 Oct, 6.00 UTC

176 km/h sust. winds
11 Oct, 6.00 UTC
93 km/h sust. winds

7 Oct, 18.00 UTC

213 km/h sust. winds

HURRICANE WARNING
in effect as of 6 Oct, 9.00 UTC
(NOAA)
7 Oct, 6.00 UTC
231 km/h sust. winds • Central Bahamas: Long
Island, Exuma, Rum Cay,
San Salvador, Cat Island
• North-western Bahamas:
Abacos, Andros Island,
6 Oct, 9.00 UTC Berry Islands, Bimini,
1 600 204 km/h sust. winds Eleuthera, Grand Bahama
Island, New Providence
• North Golden beach
• Lake Okeechobee

Impact in Haiti, Dominican

Republic, Cuba and the Bahamas
6 Oct, 18.00 UTC 5 Oct, 03.00 UTC
222 km/h sust. winds 213 km/h sust. winds
9 people dead

> 1 million people evacuated

10 people injured

>5 200 houses damaged

1 079 000 230 schools damaged

>100
4
230 5 > 3 174
10 20
1 >35 800
Juaco
Intensity People dead >15 600

Hurricane People evacuated > 2 000

Tropical Storm People injured
5 Oct, 0.00 UTC
Tropical Depression 220 km/h sust. winds
People missing Landfall near Juaco
Wind Buffer Legend
> 120 km/h Houses damaged
lspop 2012
VALUE
Houses destroyed Les Anglais
93-120 km/h 0 900
64-92 km/h Heavy
1 - 5 rain
Area of track 6 - 25
uncertainty Landslide
26 - 50

GDACS Alert 51 - Damaged

100 school
4 Oct, 09.00 UTC
Pop. Density
101- 500 (pop/km2)
Moderate Event 231 km/h sust. winds
501 - 2 500
Potential local 2 501 - 5 000 4 Oct, 11.00 UTC
disaster 230 km/h sust. winds
5 001 - 130 000
Potential severe Affected Departments Landfall near Les Anglais
disaster
Storm Surge JRC calculations
< 1 m 1 – 3 m

Copyright, European Union, 2016. Map created by EC-JRC/ECHO. The boundaries and names shown on this map do not imply o
 Resilience to disaster: Way forward

 Let us understand the importance of resilience through a simple example; the benefits of
being prepared!
 Cyclone Mathew hits Cuba and Haiti in October, 2016. (Refer to the next slide)
 The effects of the same cyclone is so different on the two countries! (Can you find out why?)

Haiti
Cuba
Deaths: 548 (+128 missing)
Deaths: 0
Evacuated (displaced): 175,000
Evacuated: 70,000
Population of most affected
Population of most affected
municipalities: 1,000,000
municipalities: 300,000
 Food for thought

 The level of preparedness of Japan is usually understood to be very good. This can be
attributed to the fact that it witnesses earthquake and typhoon almost every other
day. To attain that level of preparedness, does India need to suffer the same
frequency of recurring hazards?

 Again, it is inherent to a human to think that disaster will not happen to me and
thereby he or she lacks in preparedness. So, should one suffer a disaster to be
prepared?
Thank You