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    Biomentors Classes Online, Mumbai

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    Smit Patel
    1) The document discusses concepts related to boiling point elevation and freezing point depression when solutes are dissolved in solvents. It provides formulas showing that boiling point elevation (∆Tb) and freezing point depression (∆Tf) are directly proportional to molality. 2) Examples are given to demonstrate calculating boiling point elevation using the molal elevation constant (Kb) when different masses of solutes dissolve in solvents like water and benzene. 3) The molecular masses of unknown solutes are calculated using the given boiling point elevation values, solute masses, solvent masses, and Kb constants.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Biomentors Classes Online, Mumbai

    Uploaded by

    Smit Patel
    304 views3 pages
    1) The document discusses concepts related to boiling point elevation and freezing point depression when solutes are dissolved in solvents. It provides formulas showing that boiling point elevation (∆Tb) and freezing point depression (∆Tf) are directly proportional to molality. 2) Examples are given to demonstrate calculating boiling point elevation using the molal elevation constant (Kb) when different masses of solutes dissolve in solvents like water and benzene. 3) The molecular masses of unknown solutes are calculated using the given boiling point elevation values, solute masses, solvent masses, and Kb constants.

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    11.

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    1) The document discusses concepts related to boiling point elevation and freezing point depression when solutes are dissolved in solvents. It provides formulas showing that boiling point elevation (∆Tb) and freezing point depression (∆Tf) are directly proportional to molality. 2) Examples are given to demonstrate calculating boiling point elevation using the molal elevation constant (Kb) when different masses of solutes dissolve in solvents like water and benzene. 3) The molecular masses of unknown solutes are calculated using the given boiling point elevation values, solute masses, solvent masses, and Kb constants.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    304 views3 pages

    Biomentors Classes Online, Mumbai

    Uploaded by

    Smit Patel
    1) The document discusses concepts related to boiling point elevation and freezing point depression when solutes are dissolved in solvents. It provides formulas showing that boiling point elevation (∆Tb) and freezing point depression (∆Tf) are directly proportional to molality. 2) Examples are given to demonstrate calculating boiling point elevation using the molal elevation constant (Kb) when different masses of solutes dissolve in solvents like water and benzene. 3) The molecular masses of unknown solutes are calculated using the given boiling point elevation values, solute masses, solvent masses, and Kb constants.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Biomentors Classes Online, Mumbai

    www.biomentors.online
    Day -11 Chemistry Class Notes
    ∆𝑇𝑏 = 𝑇𝑠 − 𝑇0

    om
    ∆𝑇𝑏 ∝ 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦
    ∆𝑇𝑏 = 𝐾𝑏 × 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦
    𝑤 1000

    l.c
    ∆𝑇𝑏 = 𝐾𝑏 × ×
    𝑚 𝑤𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑔𝑚
    𝑘𝑏 = 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔

    ai
    𝑤 = 𝑤𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒
    gm
    𝑚 = 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑤𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒,
    𝑤 = 𝑤𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡
    ∆𝑇𝑏
    𝐾𝑏 =
    7@

    𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦
    𝑤 1000
    ∆𝑇𝑏 = 𝑘𝑏 × ×
    𝑚 𝑤
    1

    𝑲𝒃 when 1 mole of non-volatile solute is dissolve in 1000 gm of 𝑯𝟐 𝑶; 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 the elevation of boiling
    40

    point is equal to molal elevation constant of boiling.

    ∆𝑇𝑏 = 𝐾𝑏 × 𝑚
    it

    𝑤 1000
    ∆𝑇𝑏 = 𝐾𝑏 × ×
    𝑚 𝑤𝑡
    m

    ∆𝑇𝑏
    𝐾𝑏 =
    𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦
    ps

    𝑘
    𝐾𝑏 =
    𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒/𝑘𝑔

    𝐾𝑏 = 𝐾 − 𝐾𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 −1
    𝑲𝒃 molal elevation constant of boiling is also known as Ebullioscopic constant.

    𝑅𝑇 2
    𝐾𝑏 =
    1000 × 𝑙𝑣

    1
    1
    𝑅 = 8.31 𝐽 𝑘 −1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 −1
    𝑙𝑣=latent heat of vaporization

    𝐾𝑏 value for some solvents

    Solvent 𝒌𝒃
    𝐻2 𝑂 0.52 k-kg 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 −1
    𝐶𝐻3 − 𝐶𝑂𝐶𝐻3 1.7
    𝐶𝐻𝐶𝑙3 3.67
    𝐶𝐶𝑙4

    om
    5.02
    𝐶6 𝐻6 2.70

    l.c
    ai
    gm
    1 7@
    40

    6 gm urea dissolves in 200 gm of 𝑯𝟐 𝑶. 𝑪𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒃𝒐𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝑲𝒃 𝒊𝒔 𝟎. 𝟓𝟐 k-


    kg 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆−𝟏
    it

    𝑤 1000
    m

    ∆𝑇𝑏 = 𝑘𝑏 × ×
    𝑚 𝑤
    6 1000
    ps

    ∆𝑇𝑏 = 0.52 × ×
    60 200
    0.52
    = = 0.255
    2
    ∆𝑇𝑏 = 𝑇𝑠 − 𝑇0
    𝑇𝑠 = 0.255 + 100
    = 100.255

    2
    The boiling point of Benzene is 𝟑𝟓𝟑. 𝟐𝟑𝑲. When 1.8 gm Non-volatile solute dissolved in 90 gm of
    benzene, the boiling point raised 254.11 k. Calculate the molar mass of the solute 𝑲𝒃 for benzene
    2.53.

    ∆𝑇𝑏 = 354.11
    𝑤 100
    ∆𝑇𝑏 = 𝑘𝑏 × ×
    𝑚 𝑤
    2.53 × 1.8 1000
    𝑚= ×
    0.88 90
    𝑚 = 58

    om
    12 gm of non electrolyte dissolve in 52 gm 𝑯𝟐 𝑶.Elevation of boiling point is 0.4 K. Calculate molecular
    mass of the substance 𝒌𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟐
    𝑤 1000

    l.c
    𝑇𝑏 = 𝐾𝑏 × ×
    𝑚 𝑤
    0.52 × 12 1000 120
    𝑚= × = = 300

    ai
    0.40 52 . 40
    18 gm of glucose dissolve in 1kg of water. Calculate the boiling point of the solution. 𝑲𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟐 𝑲 −
    gm
    𝑲𝒄 , 𝒎𝒐𝒍−𝟏
    18 1000
    ∆𝑇𝑏 = 0.52 × ×
    180 1000
    7@

    ∆𝑇𝑏 = 0.052
    𝑇𝑠 = 100 + 0.052
    1

    Depression of Freezing point:


    40

    When some amount of non-volatile solute is added to pure solvent the vapour pressure decrease.
    Hence decrease in freezing point of solution the difference of freezing point of solvent and solution is
    called depression F.P.
    it

    ∆𝑻𝒇 = 𝑻𝟎 − 𝑻𝒔
    m
    ps

    Freezing point of liquid is that point at which vapour pressure of liquid is equal to vapour pressure of its
    solid state.

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