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Example 1: P =10ηQH = 10 (0.83) (0.01) (25) = 2.075 P=2.1 kW

The document discusses two examples of hydroelectric power plant design. The first example considers a mountain stream with a 25m head and 600L/min flow that could generate 2.1kW of power, or enough energy for about 6 people per year. The second considers a site with a 100m head and 6000m3/s flow that could generate 4.98GW, or enough energy for over 1.45 million people annually. The document then discusses factors considered in selecting Francis turbines for projects with heads over 5MW, such as a 165MW project with a 341m head.

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137 views

Example 1: P =10ηQH = 10 (0.83) (0.01) (25) = 2.075 P=2.1 kW

The document discusses two examples of hydroelectric power plant design. The first example considers a mountain stream with a 25m head and 600L/min flow that could generate 2.1kW of power, or enough energy for about 6 people per year. The second considers a site with a 100m head and 6000m3/s flow that could generate 4.98GW, or enough energy for over 1.45 million people annually. The document then discusses factors considered in selecting Francis turbines for projects with heads over 5MW, such as a 165MW project with a 341m head.

Uploaded by

martazemedu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Example 1

Consider a mountain stream with an effective head of 25 meters (m)and a flow rate of 600 liters
(ℓ)per minute. How much power could a hydro plant generate? Assume plant efficiency of 83%.

P =10ηQH = 10(0.83)(0.01)(25) = 2.075

P=2.1 kW

How much energy (E) will the hydro plant generate each year?

E = P×tE= 2.1 kW×24 hrs/day ×365 days/yrE= 18,396 kWh annually

About how many people will this energy support (assume approximately 3,000 kWh / person)?

People = E÷3000 = 18396/3000 = 6.13

About 6 people

Example 2

Consider a second site with an effective head of 100 m and a flow rate of 6,000 cubic meters per
second (about that of Niagara Falls). Answer the same questions.

P =10ηQH = 10(0.83)(6000)(100)=4.98 million kW = 4.98 GW (gigawatts)

E = P×t = 4.98GW ×24 hrs/day ×365 days/yrE= 43,625 GWh = 43.6 TWh (terrawatt hours)

People = E÷3000 = 43.6 TWh / 3,000 kWhPeople= 1.45 million people

(This assumes maximum power production 24x7)


Selection criteria of hydro turbine above 5 mw unit size

Turbine Selection of Dehar Powerhouse (4 x 165 MW) of Beas Satluj link Project. The Turbines
were selected in consultation with Bharat Heavy Eelctricals Ltd. (BHEL), the supplier of
equipment.

Basic data for the turbine selection is as follows:

Rated head (H) - 341.4 m

Rated output (P) - 23000 HP

Generator Output - 165000 kW

This falls within the overlapping range of Francis and Pelton turbine range
N =( NS∗(341.4)5/4 )/√ 23000

N = 3.06 Ns

The value of Ns form figure 3.12 lies approximately in following limits for rated head 341.4m

Pelton Turbine – 50 to 100

Francis turbine - 100 to 125

Choosing a six jet pelton turbine (Ns = 20 per jet) and reaction francis turbine with

NS=2010/√H

= 2010/√341.4

=109.2

N = 3.06 Ns

= 333 RPM

Nearest synchronous speed for even no. of pairs of pole

(20) = 150 RPM (6 jet pelton)

(10) = 300 RPM (reaction turbine)

(8) = 375 RPM (reaction turbine)

300 rpm Francis turbine were chosen because of following reasons.

i) 6 jet pelton turbine having 150 rpm speed with very large runner diameter was considered
uneconomical
ii) 375 rpm Francis turbine requires lower setting of the runner which was very costly because of
hard rock

iii) The turbine was proposed to be directly coupled to umbrella synchronous generator.
Peripheral speed of the rotor for 150 rpm speed is very high for the size of the generator. This
was not permissible for the steel available at that time.

iv) Manufacturers recommended

v) Higher specific speed machines were being used in 1975.

Example of Turbine Selection of 20 MW Unit Size (Matnar Project, Chhatisgarh)

1. Turbine Selection Basic Data

i) Rated design head : 57.75 m

ii) Rated Turbine Discharge: 41.57 cumecs

iii) Total discharge: 124.72 cumecs(m3/s)

iv) Maximum tailrace level : 468.25 m

v) Rated output at rated head : 20 MW

and rated discharge (at generator terminals)

As per figure 3.12 turbine falls within the range of Francis turbine.

Net design head (hd) = 57.75 m

Turbine full gate capacity at rated load (10% overload on generator 96% generator efficiency and
5% margin.

Generator rated output = 20,000 kW

(10% overload capacity) = 22,000 kW

Turbine rated output required =

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