Crafting a Community

Extension Program
Proposal
The Concept of Extension

The term extension is open to a wide

THEREFORE
variety of interpretations.

Extension is not a term which can be precisely

There is no single definition of defined but one which describes a continual
extension that is universally accepted and changing process n rural areas.
or applicable to all situations

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DEFINITIONS
Extension can be examined using some
statements that have been written about it
“ Extension is an informal
educational process
directed toward the rural
population. This process
offers advice and
information to help them
solve their problems.
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“
The objective of extension is to
change farmers' outlook toward
their difficulties. Extension is
concerned not just with physical
and economic achievements
but also with the development
of the rural people themselves

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“ Extension is a process of
working with rural people
in order to improve their
livelihoods.

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4 Main
Elements of
Extension
knowledge and skills, technical advice
and information, community
organization, and motivation and self-
confidence

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Knowledge and Skills

Supplement and add to already

existing knowledge of the
community. The transfer of
such knowledge to the target
group in the community and
their families is important.

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Technical Advice & Information

▪ Provision of advice and

information to assist the
community in making
decisions and enable them
to take action
▪ Advice based on research
findings
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Community Organization

▪ Represent interest and give

means to take collective
action
▪ Extension should help set-
up, structure, and develop
organizations for the
community
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Motivation and Self-Confidence

▪ One of the constraints to

development in communities is
isolation and there is little they can
do to change their lives.
▪ Extension should work closely with
the community and help them to
take the initiative and encourage
them to become involved in
extension activities 11
Principles of
Extension

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Extension works with people, not for them

▪ Extension presents facts, helps people to solve

problems and encourages farmers to make
decisions. People have more confidence in
programmes and decisions which they have
made themselves than in those which are
imposed upon them.

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Extension is accountable to its clients

▪ Extension programmes are based on people's

needs, as well as on technical and national
economic needs. The extension agent's task is
to bring these needs together.

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Extension is a two-way link

▪ Extension is not a one-way process in which

the extension agent transfers knowledge and
ideas to farmers and their families.
▪ Extension should be ready to receive farmers'
ideas, suggestions or advice, as well as to give
them. This two-way flow of ideas can occur at
different stages.
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1.When the problem is
being defined
Close contact of the extension agent
with the community can help research
workers understand underlying
problems and the limitations in which
the community works

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2. When recommendations
are being tested in the field
Trials conducted in the community is
an opportunity to test research
recommendations and provide
feedback for the research staff

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3. When the community puts
recommendations into
practice
Problems discovered by the
community can be addressed and the
recommendations be adjusted
accordingly.

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Extension Programmes
A Guide in Planning an Extension Programme
An extension programme is a written statement which contains
the following four elements:

1. Objectives- which the agent expects to be

achieved in the area within a specified period of
time. This will often be a one-year period, to
enable the agent to review the programme at
the start of each farming year.

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An extension programme is a written statement which contains
the following four elements:

1. Means- of achieving the objectives.

2. Resources- that are needed to fulfil the programme.

3. Work plan- indicating the schedule of extension

activities that will lead to the fulfilment of the
programme objectives.
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 Stages in Programme Planning

 Analyse the present situation

 Set objectives for the extension programme
 Develop the programme by identifying what needs to be done to achieve
the objectives, and then prepare a work plan.
 Implement the programme by putting the work plan into effect.
 Evaluate the programme and its achievements as a basis for planning
future programmes.

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Situation Analysis

Before an extension 1. Collecting facts

programme can be drawn up, 2. Analysing facts
the existing situation must first
3. Identifying problems and
be analysed. This involves 3
potential
activities

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Setting Objectives

Once the existing situation has

been analysed, decisions can 1. Finding Solutions
be made about the changes
2. Selecting Solutions
that should be brought about
through an extension 3. Stating Objectives
programme.
Solutions will require clear,
realistic objectives which
should be set in three stages 24
 In looking for solutions to local problems, the agent should distinguish between
technical solutions and solutions that involve institutional changes.

The sources of ideas for developing an area's potential include:

 the agent's own technical knowledge;

 farmers and agents from other areas who have tackled similar problems
successfully
 applied research which tests new ideas under farm conditions;
 national priorities and directives
 projects which make funds available for particular activities.

Finding Solutions
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 When selecting from among the range of solutions and possible improvements,
agent and the community should ensure that proposed solutions are:

Acceptable to farmers in the area.

Technically sound and tested by research and experience elsewhere.

Consistent with national policy, and with the local activities of other agencies.

Feasible within the time and with the resources available to farmers and the
extension service

Within the scope of the agent's ability and job description.

Selecting Solutions
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 It should now be possible to state what the objectives of the extension
programme are to be. But because time and resources may be limited, the
agent must decide which objectives have a higher priority than others. In doing
so, he should consider national priorities and the size and distribution of the
benefits that will arise from a given input of time and resources

Wherever possible, objectives should be expressed in terms of amounts and

numbers, rather than general statements

Example:
1. "Establish two groups of dairy farmers who will share new equipment and
market their produce jointly“
2. "Increase the acreage of improved rice varieties from 60 to 120 acres“

They give the agent firm targets to work toward, and a standard against which
the effectiveness of the programme can be judged at the end of the year.

Stating Objectives
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Implementation

To implement the programme, the agent carries out the

activities specified in the work plan. His detailed monthly and
weekly plans will take account of progress and problems
encountered in previous months.

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Evaluation

▪ The agent will be constantly reviewing and evaluating his

progress during the year. At the end of the year, a more
thorough evaluation should be carried out in which the agent
identifies how fully each objective has been achieved, and
the reasons for any lack of progress. This evaluation,
together with an up-dated situation analysis, provides the
basis for planning the next year's programme.

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Practicum Activity
Crafting a Community Extension Program
Proposal
Instructions

In groups of 3
1. Craft a community extension proposal for your chosen coastal
community.
2. The proposal can be applied to the whole community or a specific portion
within. Ex. Women, children, etc.
3. The proposal should be doable and can be pitched to local government
units for possible funding.
4. The proposal should consider a 1-2 years time frame only.
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Instructions

5. All groups should follow a specified format for the creating the proposal.
6. The proposal shall be attached to the Activity Report and shall be submitted
on google classroom on or before August 14, 2021 (11:59 pm).

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