CARGOMAX 2.

Bulk Carrier Tutorial

Herbert-ABS Software Solutions LLC

www.herbert-ABS.com
Copyright (c) 2015 by HERBERT-ABS SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS LLC. All rights reserved worldwide.
CargoMax, CruiseMax, HECSALV and PlanMax are trademarks of Herbert-ABS Software Solutions LLC

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Contents • 2

Contents

Contents 3

Introduction 5
About the Demo ............................................................................................................................................................ 5
About the Examples....................................................................................................................................................... 5
Getting Started ............................................................................................................................................................... 5

Loading Grain 8
Preparing a Grain Loading Condition ............................................................................................................................ 8
Grain Heeling Moment and the Allowable .................................................................................................................. 11
Reviewing International Grain Code Criteria .............................................................................................................. 12
Grain Stability Report .................................................................................................................................................. 13

Bulk Pile Tool 15

Accessing Detailed Bulk Pile Sequence Window ....................................................................................................... 15
Defining Commodity ................................................................................................................................................... 17
Defining Loader........................................................................................................................................................... 18
Defining Pile Location................................................................................................................................................. 18
Loading a Sequence ..................................................................................................................................................... 19
Reviewing Results ....................................................................................................................................................... 20

Draft Survey Tool 22

Using Draft Survey 1.0 ................................................................................................................................................ 22
Using Draft Survey Wizard ......................................................................................................................................... 24

S1A and S17 26

Reviewing S1A Results ............................................................................................................................................... 26
Updating and Reviewing S17 Results ......................................................................................................................... 26

Trim Optimization 28
About the Trim Optimization Tool .............................................................................................................................. 28
Ballast to Minimize Power .......................................................................................................................................... 28

Damage 39

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Contents • 3

Prior Condition ............................................................................................................................................................ 39
Defining the Damage ................................................................................................................................................... 40
Counter Ballast ............................................................................................................................................................ 44

Grounding 46
Intact Condition before Grounding .............................................................................................................................. 46
Initial Grounding ......................................................................................................................................................... 46
Define the Stranding .................................................................................................................................................... 46

Load/Discharge/BWE Sequence 52

Ship Squat 55
Using Ship Squat Module ............................................................................................................................................ 55
Reviewing Results and Updating Squat Information ................................................................................................... 56

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Introduction • 4

Introduction

About the Demo

• The bulker demo ship used in this tutorial includes seven cargo holds, each hold can be
loaded with bulk cargoes, grains (trimmed or untrimmed), or steel coils. No 4 hold is also
designed to load liquid cargoes and may be filled with ballast. The ship profile and basic
particulars are given below:

LBP (m) 215.0

Depth (m) 18.3
Beam (m) 32.2
LOA (m) 225.0
Keel Thickness (mm) 18.0

About the Examples

• This tutorial consists of three different analyses: Intact, free-floating and stranded. Each
tutorial can be done individually. Just go to the chapter describing the type of analysis you
would like to learn and follow the instructions.
• Bulk carrier specific computations, analyses, and tools are also included in this tutorial.
These examples are bulk pile tool, draft survey tool, S1A and S17 analyses, optimization,
load/discharge/BWE sequence, and ship squat tutorial.

Getting Started
1. Startup Bulker Demo
• Select CargoMax for Bulker Demo from the Start Menu.

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Introduction • 5

 Start Menu | All Programs | CargoMax 2.1 | CargoMax for Bulker Demo
• Find the menu bar, tool bar, deadweight entry table, results window, and results bar as
shown below.

Menu Bar Tool Bar Condition Tree

Deadweight Entry Result Window Results bar

table

• Click the S17 button on the tool bar and review the condition tree.
• Place your mouse pointer on the deadweight entry table and right click on your mouse.

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Introduction • 6

 • Hover on each menu. Please note that menus with a right-pointing arrowhead have
submenus.

2. Customize the CargoMax windows

• Click on the View menu on the menu bar
• Choose the Change Layout menu and then click on 4 Top, 1 Bottom submenu.

3. Customize the Unit and Reference System

• Click on the ft/LT button on the tool bar to change the CargoMax system to imperial.

• Click Yes on the Change Unit System popup window.

4. Going back to default

• Choose View | Restore Default Workspace settings from the menu bar to restore the
settings shipped with the software.

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Introduction • 7

Loading Grain

This example performs a simple intact grain loading of the bulker demo, reviews the intact stability,
loadline draft and strength against requirements, and then modifies the loading to account for the
requirements. Finally, a grain stability report for the National Cargo Bureau (NCB) will be created
using the CargoMax Grain Stability Reports Tool.

Preparing a Grain Loading Condition

5. Develop the initial condition by entering cargo information
• Select the In Hold tab in the deadweight entry table.
• Select the Cargo Type for each hold as shown below:

Grain-Trimmed for No 1, 3, 5, and 7 holds and Grain-

Untrimmed for No 2, 4, and 6 holds

Percent values for the Grain-Untrimmed cargo type will be updated

automatically based on minimum values described in ship’s grain-
untrimmed tables.

6. Set the cargo physical properties using the cargo library

• Cargo density can be defined by either entering density directly in the density column, or
by assigning a cargo library item to the tank. The cargo properties must be added to the
library before they can be attached to a cargo hold or tank.
• To add a cargo to NO1 HOLD, select the first cell in the Cargo column, and enter “Grain
Cargo 1,” and hit enter key.

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Loading Grain • 8

 • Type in the information below and click OK. This saves the new cargo called “Grain Cargo
1” to the cargo library. The full cargo library is shared with all loading conditions and can
be viewed and edited in the Tools | Cargo Library menu.

• Enter 90 in the first and third cells of the %Full column for NO 1 and 3 Holds.
• Select the second cell in the Density column and highlight all the rows below.

• Enter 0.5 to assign all the highlighted holds the density 0.5 MT/m3.

7. Check your results

• Click the red S17 button on the right side of the menu bar and wait unit CargoMax
completes the computation.

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Loading Grain • 9

 S17 Button. Percent completed will be
displayed on this button during computations

• Check your results by comparing your computed drafts to the values below. This can be
done in the Trim and Stability Summary (T&S in the Results Window) or on the Results
Bar.
• Draft at Marks Fwd = 7.88 m
• Draft at Marks Aft = 5.39 m
• Avail Deadweight = 41207.64 MT
• Max BMom %Allow = 31.68 %
• Select the Alarms results tab in the Results Window

• Propeller immersion is less than 100%. The red FAIL alarm in the GZ Criteria status
indicates an unacceptable righting arm condition. Note that the vessel also has forward
trim which is not normally an acceptable loading condition.

8. Update loading information

• Enter 90 and 40 in the %Full column for NO 5 and 7 Holds respectively.
• Re-run S17 calculation by pressing the S17 button and check your results.
• Draft at Marks Fwd = 7.60 m
• Draft at Marks Aft = 8.27 m
• Avail Deadweight = 33727.51 MT
• Max BMom %Allow = 13.71 %

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Loading Grain • 10

Grain Heeling Moment and the Allowable
9. Add more result fields
• Right-click on the results bar and Select the Edit Intact Result Fields menu.

• Select the Grain Heeling Allowable result field from the available fields list.
• Select the Grain Heeling Moment result field with the mouse while holding down the Ctrl
keyboard key.

• Press the button and then click the OK button to accept the changes.

10. Check Grain Heeling Moment

• Check your grain heeling results by comparing your computed Grain Heeling Moment and
Allowable to the values below. This can be done in the Trim and Stability Summary or on
the Results Bar.
• Grain Heeling Moment = 30,500 m-MT
• Grain Heeling Allowable = 47,522 m-MT

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Loading Grain • 11

11. Add and remove columns in the deadweight entry table
• Right-click on the deadweight entry table and select the Edit Columns | Edit Active
Columns menu.

• Select the VHM (volumetric heeling moment) load field from the available fields list and
press the button.
• Select the Intact Weight-FSt load field from the Show these fields list and click the
button
• Press the OK button to accept the changes. VHM column is added to the deadweight entry
table.

Reviewing International Grain Code Criteria

12. GZ Evaluation
• Click on the Righting Arm or GZ tab in the results window.
• Select the Grain Code criteria.
• Check your results by comparing your computed ones to the values below
• GMt = 4.45 m (>=0.30 m required) PASS
• Grain Heeling Angle = 8 deg (<=12 deg required) PASS
• Residual Dynamic Stability = 0.88 m-rad (>=0.08 m required) PASS

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Loading Grain • 12

Grain Stability Report
13. Accessing the Grain Stability Report wizard
• Select the Tools | Grain Stability Report… menu item. The report wizard will be
displayed.
• Click the Next button or choose the General Particulars tab and enter the missing
information.
• Click the Next button to go to the Voyage Information tab and enter the missing
information.
• Click the Next button to review the Cargo Information.
• Click the Next button to review the Condition Information.

A saved loading condition file can be selected by pressing the Select

Loading Condition File button on the Condition Information tab and
tank information can be updated. Cargo information from the file will be
omitted.

• Click the Next button to review the upsetting moments.

• Click the Next button to select a report type and a printer.

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Loading Grain • 13

 • Check the National Cargo Bureau report checkbox and press the Preview button.
• From the Grain Stability Reports wizard file menu, save your GSR file.
• Press the Exit button to close the wizard and return to CargoMax.

14. Save your loading condition

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Loading Grain • 14

Bulk Pile Tool

This example illustrates the loading of cargo holds with piles of bulk cargo such as ore, gravel,
coal, etc. For a bulk pile configured hold, the user supplies the drops, or piles, that make up the
loading condition. This information includes the type of commodity, the details of the conveyor,
the pile location, and weight of each drop. Multiple piles will be loaded into the hold and the impact
of the loading process on the stability and strength of the vessel will be examined.

Accessing Detailed Bulk Pile Sequence Window

15. Accessing from the deadweight entry table
• Click the “In Hold” tab in the deadweight entry table.

Cargo hold names enabled in Bulk Pile Tool are displayed

with hyperlinks

• Click on the hold name “NO5 HOLD,” which is with a hyperlink, to display the Detailed
Bulk Pile Sequence window for that hold.

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Bulk Pile Tool • 15

 • Click the cancel button to exit the tool. Entering Alt + c from the keyboard has the same
effect.

16. Accessing from the tool menu

• Select the Tools | Bulk Pile Hold Entry… menu item. The bulk pile tool will be
displayed.

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Bulk Pile Tool • 16

Defining Commodity
17. Define a new commodity
• Click the Commodity tab on the ribbon bar.

• Press the Add... button to define a new commodity.

• Name the commodity as Barley and define an appropriate color

• Enter the Angle of Repose value as 23 degree and the Stow. Factor value as 1.626
m3/MT. Leave the permeability input as is.
• Click Save button to save the new commodity to the cargo library.
• On the Commodity list sub-window, highlight the row Barley to select the newly added
commodity Barley.

18. Editing a commodity

• Select Barley in the Library Editor then select Edit
• On the ribbon bar, enter B25N for CargoCode information.

• Click Save button to save entered information.

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Bulk Pile Tool • 17

Defining Loader
19. Define a new loader
• Click the Resource tab on the ribbon bar.
• Press the Add button to add a new resource.

• Enter 2 m width and 1 m movement for the new loader.

• Press Save button to save the newly created resource to the library.

• On the Resource list sub-window, highlight the row 2.00mwide/1.000m T move to

select the newly added conveyor.

20. Editing a conveyor

• Enter 1 m width on the ribbon for a resulting conveyor of 1 m width and 1 m movement.
• Click Save button.

Defining Pile Location

21. Define a new pile location
• Click the Edit tab on the ribbon bar.

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Bulk Pile Tool • 18

 • Press the Add button to define a new pile location.
• On the ribbon, enter H0 for Hatch/pile name and place it in the NO5 HOLD. Enter the
value 90 m for the Pile Peak Center Long., longitudinal position.

• Press the Save button to add the new pile location and pile calculation settings.

Loading a Sequence
22. Entering pile load
• Press the Home tab on the ribbon bar.
• Press the Add operation button to add a load sequence.

• Select the cell in the H0 column and press the Fill operation button to fill the H0 pile to
its maximum.

The Fill Hatch button will automatically place the biggest pile that can fit
in the available space into the selected pile location. The “hatch-filled”
status will remain set to the “fill” designation for this location if a new
commodity or conveyor is selected. Filled locations are highlighted by
a blue font.

• Select the cell from column H3 and enter 500 to fill the pile with 500MT of Barley.

To remove a "fill" designation either delete the pile with the Delete Pile
button or type in a new load from the keyboard.

23. Updating loader

• Select the Resource tab to update loader used in a sequence. Change width to 2 m.
• Highlight the Pile 1 row in the bulk pile sequence table.

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Bulk Pile Tool • 19

 • Select the 2m wide/1m Trans. move conveyor from the dropdown list of the conveyor
tab.
• Press the Apply to Seq. 1 button to apply the conveyor information to the selected pile.

Reviewing Results
24. Bulk Pile Profile and Section Views
• Select the View tab and select the Hold Icon to view a pile in the hold.
• Select H0 in the NO5 HOLD to see the pile.
• Select the Profile Stbd, and Section Aft to observe the pile in profile and section view.
• Go to the Home tab in the ribbon and press the OK button to save the pile entry and exit
the tool.

25. Check your results

• NO5 HOLD intact weight = 6629.17 MT
• NO5 HOLD VCG = 9.39 m-BL
• NO5 HOLD LCG = 92.92F m-AP
• NO5 HOLD TCG = 0.04S m-CL

26. Print Results

• To print the load sequence for all holds, select the File | Print menu item
• Select the Bulk Pile Holds option
• Select the desired holds.

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Bulk Pile Tool • 20

27. Save your loading condition

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Bulk Pile Tool • 21

Draft Survey Tool

The CargoMax Draft Survey Tool is a tool to measure the bulk cargo from the observed drafts
and the density of the water in which the vessel is floating. The tool provides results for the current
loading condition as well as reports based on initial and final loading or discharging conditions.
On the Draft Survey tool window, you will enter and update the observed drafts and water density
information. The tool computes the weight of cargo onboard using current condition information.
The tutorial includes using Draft Survey Wizard to determine the actual loaded or discharged
cargo weight utilizing initial and final conditions.

Using Draft Survey 1.0

Before using the tool, loading condition of changeable items such as Fresh Water, Ballast Water,
and Fuel Oil must be defined. In this tutorial, a standard loading condition will be used. Go to File
|Open Standard Loading Condition in the main menu and open the Sample Alternate Hold
standard loading condition file.

28. Accessing Draft Survey Tool

• To access the Draft Survey tool, go to Tools | Draft Survey from the main menu.

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Draft Survey Tool • 22

29. Defending Observed Drafts and Density
• Enter 1.012 for the specific gravity of the water in which the vessel is floating.
• Enter the following Observed Drafts for Port and Starboard:
Aft - 12.00 m
Mid - 10.55 m
Fwd - 9.05 m

If the current condition has observed drafts, then the table will be
populated with the values from the condition.

The entered values are saved only on the draft survey tool window and do
not affect the current conditions data. The values on the current tool
window are available as long as CargoMax remains running.

30. Check your results

• Displacement corrected for trim = 61,961.07 MT
• Actual displacement = 61,175.22 MT
• Cargo Onboard = 45,620.13 MT

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Draft Survey Tool • 23

Using Draft Survey Wizard
The Draft Survey Wizard is a series of 5 windows that step through the process required to
create the draft survey report. You must answer questions, make selections, or enter data on
each window before the Wizard can be advanced to the next screen. You may click the Exit
button to leave the wizard and return to the Draft Survey tool. The previous step may then be
accessed using the Back button.

31. Accessing Draft Survey Wizard

• Press the Wizard button on the draft survey tool window to launch the draft survey
wizard.

32. Step 1 Introduction

• Click the Next button to advance to step 2.

33. Step 2 Initial Survey Condition

• Enter the values from exercise 29.
• Click the Next button to advance to step 3.

34. Step 3 Final Survey Condition

• Browse for the standard loading condition file Sample Ballast.
• Enter the following Observed Drafts:

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Draft Survey Tool • 24

 Aft - 10.15 m
Mid - 9.05 m
Fwd - 7.80 m
• Click the Next button to advance to step 4.

Standard loading condition files are at C:\ProgramData\Herbert-

ABS\CargoMax 2.1\Bulker Demo\StdLoadCases

35. Step 4 General Information

• Click the Next button to advance to step 5.

36. Step 5 Printing

• Press the Preview button to preview the report without printing the results.

37. Check your results

• Displacement corrected for trim = 61,961.07 MT
• Actual displacement = 61,175.22 MT
• Cargo Onboard = 45,620.13 MT

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Draft Survey Tool • 25

S1A and S17

Reviewing S1A Results

38. Reviewing and Printing S1A Results
• Select the “S1A” tab to view a summary table of the S1A loaded weight restrictions.

• To print the results, select the File | Print menu item and choose S1A Requirement
Summary option.

Updating and Reviewing S17 Results

39. Updating S17 Results
• Click the S17 tool button to update the S17 results.

40. Reviewing and Printing S17 Results

• Select the “S17” tab to view a summary table of the S17 calculations results.

Bulk Carrier Tutorial S1A and S17 • 26

 • To print the results, select the File | Print menu item and choose S17 Strength
Summary option

Bulk Carrier Tutorial S1A and S17 • 27

Trim Optimization

About the Trim Optimization Tool

The CargoMax Optimization Tool is provided to give the user a wide variety of powerful tools for
developing optimized loading conditions. Depending on available data, a variety of optimization
analyses can be available, including:
1. Ballast to minimize power
2. Ballast to maximize GMt
3. Ballast to meet alarms
4. Ballast to minimize bending moment % allowable
5. Distribute cargo to minimize power
6. Distribute cargo and ballast to minimize power

The basic steps for using the tool are:

1. Begin with a valid CargoMax condition
2. Select the optimization to run
3. Configure the optimization settings (advanced)
4. Specify specific tank filling ranges and tanks to use (advanced)
5. Add/remove alarms to evaluate
6. Run Optimization
7. View results within CargoMax
8. Manually adjust the optimization condition within CargoMax
9. Apply the final result to CargoMax.

The example will focus on minimizing power. Powering data is typically provided as a function of
draft and trim. By varying the contents of the ballast tanks, the optimal draft/trim combination can
be found, which minimized the power requirements while still meeting all operational and
regulatory requirements.

Ballast to Minimize Power

41. Open a Load Case
• Open the “Opti Demo.lc2” condition from File | Open Standard Loading Condition

42. View the Power Results

• Open the “Power” results tab to view power results
• There are multiple ways to view the powering data. Right-click on the panel to see the
different display types.

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Trim Optimization • 28

 • The simplest display is the Curves of Constant Power contour plot. This shows trim along
the horizontal axis and average draft along the vertical axis and plots contour lines of
constant power. Note the blue diamond indicating the current condition’s power.

• The Power Map Draft-Trim displays a heat map of the possible gains or losses that would
result by changing the vessel’s LCF draft and/or trim.

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Trim Optimization • 29

43. Open the Optimization Tool
• Open the optimization tool by clicking on the yellow Optimize button.

• Alternatively, the optimization tool can be started from the Tools menu by selecting the
Automatic Tank/Weight Distribution/Optimization Tool option.

The first screen that appears is a very simple interface, which provides a list of available
optimizations. Selecting an option from the list on the left will give a description of what the
optimization will attempt to do. Note – if the initial starting condition begins with active alarms not
being met, a warning will appear indicating that the optimization may not operate efficiently. When
possible, the Optimization Tool should be run on an initial starting condition with all alarms
showing as valid.
The optimization tool also simplifies the process by pairing port and starboard tanks, and treating
them as combined pairs for optimization purposes. In cases where the initial loading condition
has P/S tank pairs asymmetrically loaded (for purposes of heel, torsion or fuel burnoff

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Trim Optimization • 30

 compensation), the optimization will by default disable the use of those tanks in the optimization.
See the section “Optimization Tool Advanced Features – Tanks” for guidance on changing this
behavior.

44. Run the Optimization

• In the simplest operation, once an optimization has been selected, the Run button can be
pressed, which will start the optimization process. While the optimization is running, the
screen will appear as below:

• While the optimization is running, the number of trials, values for optimization, and how
much improvement has been achieved will be updated regularly. By default, the
optimization will run for a set number of trials, but the user can always stop the optimization
at any time to view the results. Once the optimization is complete or stopped, the results
will be displayed, as shown below:

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Trim Optimization • 31

Once the optimization is finished, there are three other options available. Pressing the Re-run
button will force the Optimization Tool to start with the current best value, and to continue trying
to optimize the condition. This can be done if, while watching the results pass by, you notice that
the power is still going down without long stretches of any improvement.

45. Close the Optimization tool

• Pressing the View in Application button will close the Optimization Tool, and leave the
original starting condition, Optimization Demo, and newly created optimized condition,
Optimization, within CargoMax for viewing.

46. Review the results

• Click on the power tab in the results window, select the Curves of Constant Power right-
click menu option, and review the plot.

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Trim Optimization • 32

 • Select the Power Map Draft-Trim right-click menu option, and review the map.

• Select the Optimization condition from the condition tree at the top of the Results Bar to
switch to the result condition.

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Trim Optimization • 33

Selecting the condition from this view will update the displayed information within the screens in
CargoMax. When the Optimization condition is selected, the user will be able to edit the condition,
to manually investigate further optimization possibilities. If the Optimization Tool is then re-
opened, it will start with the Optimization condition, and include any changes that were made by
hand. If the original starting condition is edited, the Optimization condition will be removed.
Finally, if the Apply to Current Condition button is selected, the optimized condition will be applied
to the main condition in CargoMax, and the Optimization condition will then be removed.

47. Optimization Tool Advanced Features – Settings

• Select the menu Tools | Automatic Tank/Weight Distribution/Optimization to open the
optimization tool.
• Select the Type tab and click Advanced Settings as shown below

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Trim Optimization • 34

 • Select the Settings tab and review the available settings

The Settings (Advanced Options) tab of the Optimization Tool provides you with a number of
ways to customize the optimization. By default, the initial settings on this tab are intended to
provide a strong basis for the optimization, but they are provided to give the advanced user further
customization when performing the optimizations. These settings are broken down into a number
of sections:
1. Optimization Size – The GA approach works with “generations”, which consist of a group
of trials. You can specify the number of trials per generation, and the number of

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Trim Optimization • 35

 generations. Each generation, the GA will make a new set of trials to evaluate, based on
the strongest trials from the previous generations.

2. Genetic Algorithm Settings – There are four basic GA settings that can be used to
customize how the GA creates the trials for testing. They are:

a. Mutation Type – Specifies how the “good” trials are transformed into the next set
of trials to evaluate. Available Mutation Types are:

i. Boundary – Will focus more changes at the upper and lower ranges of filling
levels for a given tank.

ii. Gaussian – Will focus more changes towards the middle of the range of
available filling levels for a given tank.

iii. Uniform – Will apply changes uniformly across the entire range of filling
levels for a tank

b. Mutation Probability – Specifies how large of a mutation will occur between

generations.

c. Crossover Type – Specifies how two “good” trials are combined into a new test
trial. Available Crossover Types are:

i. Uniform – Crossover can occur between two trials, swapping value for
value

ii. Arithmetic – Crossover can occur between two trials, adding values
together.

d. Crossover Probability – Specifies how often crossover will occur between

generations

3. Filling Level Configuration – These parameters are given to control the different filling level
settings.

a. Refine Filling Levels – specify what filling levels are investigated. Setting 10%
would indicate a tank could be filled 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%…90%, 100%. Setting
25% would indicate a tank could be filled 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%

b. Maximum Slack Tanks – specify how many slack tanks will be available for a given
solution. Setting this value to No Restriction will result in better optimization results
in general, but may result in loading patterns that have more slack tanks than
typically wanted on a vessel.

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Trim Optimization • 36

48. Optimization Tool Advanced Features – Tanks
• Click OK to leave the Advanced Options window, then click on Edit User Defined Tank
Configuration and review the available settings

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Trim Optimization • 37

The Tanks (Ballast/Cargo Distribution Optimization) section of the Optimization Tool provides
you with a way to place limits on individual tanks or tank pairs. Each tank or tank pair available
to the Optimization Tool will have the following parameters available:
1. Use – Specify whether a tank or tank pair should be used in the optimization at all. By
default, tank pairs that are asymmetrically loaded in the original loading condition will be
turned off. These tank pairs can be turned back on from this screen, but this may result in
having the original condition result in excess heel, torsion or other parameters. Tanks can
be added or removed by selecting the tank and clicking ADD or Remove in Edit User
Defined Tank Configuration.

2. Maximum – Specifies the maximum filling level of the tank. The optimization tool will not
provide a solution with a filling level above the maximum value. By default, this value is
100%.

3. Minimum – Specifies the minimum filling level of the tank. The optimization tool will not
provide a solution with a filling level below the minimum value. By default, this value is
0%

49. Optimization Tool Advanced Features – Constraints

• Select the Constraints (Advanced Settings) tab and review the available settings

The Constraints (Advanced Options) tab of the Optimization Tool provides you with a way to
add additional loading or evaluation criteria to the optimization. For example, if you wished the
optimization to result in a configuration with at least a minimum forward draft of 6m, (in addition
to all the other evaluation criteria), it could be added through this screen.

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Trim Optimization • 38

Damage

This example illustrates a free-floating damage analysis including the counter-ballasting used to
correct the trim and heel resulting from the damage. The damage scenario is a collision with a
smaller ship that damages the starboard side of the vessel near super structure. The bow of the
striking smaller vessel penetrates one wing fuel oil tank, and the cargo holds interior to it. The
upper bound of the damage to the cargo holds is limited to 5 meters above the bottom as only the
bulbous bow of the smaller ship penetrated into the cargo holds. Oil outflow is limited in this
situation by hydrostatic balance considerations. Some advantages and disadvantages of counter
ballasting are considered.
This example loads a standard loading condition (lc2) file. This establishes the intact condition of
the ship at departure. The loading is changed to account for the fuel burn-off prior to the incident.

Prior Condition
50. Open a loading condition file
• Click File within the menu bar and select Open Standard Loading Condition | Sample
Alternate Hold.lc2.

• Note the condition’s name is changed to reflect the file name.

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Damage • 39

51. Adjust the fuel oil to reflect burn off prior to the incident
• Select the Fuel Oil tab in the deadweight entry table.
• The fuel has been reduced by burn off to 50% prior to the collision. Select the %Full
column and type in “50” for NO1 FO P and NO 1 FO S tanks and press [Enter].

52. Check your results for Prior

• Draft at Marks Fwd = 7.82 m
• Draft at Marks Aft = 9.96 m

53. Save your loading condition

• Save the loading condition from the File | Save Loading Condition menu option. This
option is also available from the toolbar. As this is the first time the loading condition has
been saved, you will be prompted for the filename and location where it is to be saved.
Subsequent saves will use the same filename and location.
• To save under a different filename use the File | Save Loading Condition As… menu
option. For this example use “Bulker Sample FF Damage”.

Defining the Damage

54. Define the damaged compartments
• Select the All tab in the deadweight entry table.
• Select the NO 1 FO S, NO6 HOLD, and NO7 HOLD.
• Click on the Damage | Damage Selected Items menu.

Selecting the damaged compartments can be done by holding the [Shift]

key down and clicking on the compartment in either the plan or profile view.
To clear damage from an individual compartment right click on its name in
the deadweight entry table and select Undamaged Space(s) menu. To
clear all damage press the Clear Damage button.

Define the damage details

• Select the Damaged tab in the deadweight entry table
• Change the calculation methodology for NO1 FO S from All Outflow” to “Hydro Balance”
in the Outflow Opt column for the damaged fuel oil tank. This means the oil outflow will
be based upon hydrostatic balance about the top of the opening.
• For the fuel oil tank make sure its value for Outflow Oil? is set to “Yes”.

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Damage • 40

 • The next step is to define the location of the top of the opening for the two cargo holds.

55. Define the oil outflow approach

• Right-click on the fuel oil tank and select Edit NO1 FO S. Open the Hydro Balance Pts
tab.
• Click the Show Plot button.

• By default, the lowest point in the tank is defined. This minimizes the oil outflow. That
point is marked in red as well as its coordinates are defined on the left hand table. To
define a different point, just adapt the Location of Damage.
• In that scenario (ship hit by bulbous bow) it is recommended to add a second opening
point corresponding to the bulbous bow height. Since the damage hit two sets of tanks a
reasonable choice for the location is on the forward boundary of the tank, 5 m above
baseline. Enter “Bow” in the Calc. Point column in the table row under “Low Point.” Then
define the longitudinal location as 79.48F, the vertical location as 5.0, and using
information provided in the bottom table enter 16.1S as the transverse location.

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 CargoMax will determine which of the points is highest at each heel and
trim used in the calculations to determine which point governs for oil outflow.
In this case it is clear that the “Bow” point will govern so the “Low Point” can
be deleted. This will speed up the analysis.

• Click on the “Low Point” row and then right click to bring up the Context Menu. Click on
the Delete Outflow Location option to remove the “Low Point” location.
• Click on Close.

56. Save your loading condition

57. Review the graphic results

• Viewing the Plan and Profile window shows that the vessel is trimmed by the stern 8.42
m and heeling 4 degrees to starboard.

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58. Review the section view results
• On the profile view window, create a set of section views at or near frame number 38, 68,
128, and 218. A fast way to create a set of section views is to hold SHIFT on your
keyboard then click on the location where the section shall be created.
• Click the + button on the right top corner of the profile view window and select the Section
Cut View option.

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Damage • 43

59. Review the oil outflow
• Select the Oil Outflow sub-tab under the Damage tab in the Results Summary window.
Resize the window so that all the columns are visible.
• At this draft, heel, and trim 338.54 MT of oil have been lost from NO.1 FO S, of which 0
MT is from the difference in the hydrostatic head between the oil and water. All 338.54 MT
is from exchange of oil for water in the region below the top of the opening.

Counter Ballast
60. Evaluate and define the counter ballasting
• The trim will make salvage operations (perhaps including lightering) difficult. Select the
SW Ballast tab in the deadweight entry table to bring up the ballast tanks.

61. Check your Condition

• Draft FP = 6.73 m
• Draft AP = 15.15 m
• Trim at Perp = 8.42A m
• Heel Angle = 4S deg
• Fill the FORE PEAK, WBT 1P, WBT 1S, WBT 2P, WBT 2S tanks by typing “100” in the
%Full column for those tanks. If you do not see that column, scroll to the left.
• Fill the WBT 3P and WBT 3S tanks by typing “55” and “20” respectively in the %Full
column for those tanks.

62. Check your results

• Draft FP = 11.35 m
• Draft AP = 14.57 m
• Trim at Perp = 3.21A m
• Heel Angle = 0S deg

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 • This is a more acceptable floating condition. Review the Oil Outflow.
• At this draft, heel, and trim there is less oil outflow from the partially filled NO.1 FO S tank.
Reducing aft draft and heeling to port decreases the head of oil relative to the sea leading
to 7% decreased oil outflow. Before proceeding with this counter-ballasting it would be
prudent to remove the remaining oil from the damaged tanks if possible.

63. Save your loading condition

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Grounding

The purpose of this sample is to demonstrate several features of CargoMax:

▪ Grounding using draft entry
▪ Using Multiple Pinnacle ground definition
The scenario is a grounding on a reef where significant oil is lost initially. Key analyses are initial
outflow and ground reaction and evaluation of strength during grounding.

Intact Condition before Grounding

The starting point for this analysis will be the intact loading defined in the Sample Alternate Hold
standard loading condition.

64. Startup CargoMax, open the Sample Alternate Hold Standard

loading condition file
• Click File within the menu bar and select Open Standard Loading Condition | Sample
Alternate Hold.lc2.

Initial Grounding
65. Damage the bulker
• Select the All tab in the deadweight entry table.
• It is assumed significant damage is done to the starboard bottom. Select the NO 1 FO S,
NO5 HOLD, NO6 HOLD, and WBT 4BTM.
• Click on the Damage | Damage Selected Items menu.

Define the Stranding

In a typical stranding, the ground location is unknown, but the drafts and heel are known from
observation of the vessel. From this data, CargoMax can determine the amount and location of
the net ground reaction and expected oil outflow.

66. Define the stranding using Draft Entry

• Click on the Grounding | Define Grounding menu to open the Ground Definition window.

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Grounding • 46

 • Make sure the Observed Drafts radio button has been selected.
• Select the Drafts at Marks Aft/Fwd/Heel option from the drop-down list.
• Enter the observed Draft at Aft Marks, Draft at Fwd Marks and heel as shown in
the previous figure. The Draft at AP and Draft at FP are automatically updated.
Note the drafts at marks are used as these are the ones likely to be observed.
Heel must be computed using port and starboard drafts or an inclinometer.
• Click OK.

67. Define the damage in detail

• Click on the Damaged tab in the deadweight entry table.
• Select the fuel oil tank and switch its calculation method from All Outflow to Hydro
Balance within the Outflow Opt column.
• Make sure Outflow is oil? for the fuel oil tank is “Yes”.

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Grounding • 47

68. Review the damage and the Oil Outflow
• Review the Profile and Plan view window, and the values in the result bar.
• If these results are not shown on the Results Bar, right-click on the results bar, select Edit
Damaged Result Fields, select the fields from the available list, and click ADD ->.
• The ground reaction is 1545.69 MT.

• Select the Damage summary tab from the Results window. There is no oil outflow for this
condition.

• Select the Ground summary tab from the Results window. Review the pinnacle details.

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Grounding • 48

69. Save your loading condition.

70. Defining Multiple Peaks using Ground Entry

In a typical stranding scenario, it is unlikely the definition of the pinnacles on the shelf is
known. If it is known, the ground entry tool can be used instead of observed drafts.
• Click on the Grounding | Define Grounding menu to open the Ground Definition window.

• Select the Ground Location and Water Depths radio button.

• Make sure the Multiple Pinnacle Shelf has been selected for Ground Type and the
Multiple Pinnacle Shelf Definition values match those above.
• Click OK.

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Grounding • 49

71. Review the damage and the Oil Outflow
• Review the Profile and Plan view window, and the values in the result bar.
• The ground reaction is 7116.43 MT.

• Select the Damage summary tab from the Results window. There is no oil outflow for this
condition.

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Grounding • 50

 • Select the Ground summary tab from the Results window. Review the first ten pinnacle
details.

72. Save your loading condition.

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Grounding • 51

Load/Discharge/BWE Sequence

The Load/Discharge/BWE Sequence tool can be used to create steps for a loading, discharge, or
ballast water exchange, and have CargoMax display and save results for all of the steps at once.
The picture below shows the entry screen for the tool. The steps are displayed in columns and
once a value is entered into a step, a new column for the next step becomes available. The Start
column displays the tank fill levels that were in the loading condition when the tool was started.
The End column displays the final tank fill levels from the accumulated changes in each of the
steps. A > sign in an entry box means the value from the previous step is being carried over in
that step.

73. Open Load/Discharge/BWE Sequence Tool

• Select Sample Ballast.lc2 from File | Open Standard Loading Condition menu
• Launch the tool by clicking on the Load/Discharge/BWE Sequence menu item under the
Tool menu.

74. Define a sequence

• Select the Sequence tab
• Highlight all the SW Ballast tanks in the empty column between the Start and End columns
and enter 50 percent.

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 • Highlight all the SW Ballast tanks in the empty column between the Step 1 and End
columns and enter 0 percent for Step 2 condition.

• Highlight the For peak and WBT 1 SW Ballast tanks in the empty column between the
Step 2 and End columns and enter 90 percent for Step 3 condition.

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Load/Discharge/BWE Sequence • 53

75. Check your results
• Select the Summary of results tab and compare the results with the figure below:

• Close the Load/Discharge/BWE Sequence tool to view the steps in full in CargoMax. Now
a tree that shows each of the sequence steps will be available above the Results Bar.
• Selecting a step in the tree will change all of the display windows, results, and Deadweight
Entry area to reflect conditions from that step. A green check next to the step means that
no alarms have failed for that step, while a red X means that step has failed an alarm.

76. Save your loading condition

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Load/Discharge/BWE Sequence • 54

Ship Squat

Squat is the sinkage and the change in trim of a ship when moving forward through shallow water,
due to the change in water pressure around the moving vessel. To ensure the safe limits of the
vessel speed and the resulting bottom clearance, it is of paramount importance to observe squat.
However, it is difficult to calculate the magnitude of squat accurately. However, empirical methods
of varying reliability exist to estimate ship squat. The CargoMax Squat Tool computes the ship
squat using the Barrass Squat prediction formula. The tool provides information about safe vessel
speeds to prevent vessel grounding when operating in shallow waters in both restricted and
unrestricted waterways.

Using Ship Squat Module

From the File menu, open the Sample Alternate Hold standard loading condition file.

77. Accessing Ship Squat Module

• To access to the ship squat module, go to Tools | Ship Squat Entry from the main
menu.

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Ship Squat • 55

78. Defining Ship Squat Condition
• Enter the following condition:
Water Depth - 15.00 m
Ship Speed Relative to Water - 10.00 knots
Is Confined Channel? - Yes
Channel Width - 80.00 m
Min. Allowed Underkeel Clearance - 1.00 m

You may edit the speed format from main menu View>Display Options.

79. Check your results

• Squat = 1.78 m
• Remaining Underkeel Clearance = 1.15 m
• Max. Speed to Keel Clearance limit = 10 knots
• Grounding Speed = 13 knots
Click OK to save the squat condition and exit the module.

Reviewing Results and Updating Squat Information

80. Alarm Tab and Result Bar
• Click on the alarm result tab or the alarm button to view squat underkeel clearance.

• Review the Squat and Squat Underkeel Clearance values on the result bar.

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Ship Squat • 56

81. Disabling Squat plot from profile view
• Right-click on the profile view and choose View Options menu.

• Uncheck Show Alarms check box under Alarms option.

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Ship Squat • 57

 • Click OK button.

82. Printing
• To print the ship squat results, select the File ->Print menu item
• Select the Ship Squat Report option

83. Updating the Squat Information and Disabling Squat

• Right-click one of the squat result fields on the result bar and choose Ship Squat Entry
menu.

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Ship Squat • 58

 • Check Disable Squat Calculation checkbox.

• Press OK button to save the change and exit the module.

Bulk Carrier Tutorial Ship Squat • 59