Facilitate TDD with the
Spring Framework
By: Mike Shoemaker
What is Spring?
Spring provides a light-weight solution for building
enterprise-ready applications, while still supporting the
possibility of using declarative transaction management,
remote access to your logic using RMI or webservices,
mailing facilities and various options in persisting your
data to a database. Spring provides an MVC framework,
transparent ways of integrating AOP into your software and
a well-structured exception hierarchy including automatic
mapping from proprietary exception hierarchies.
Spring Modules
Spring’s Mission?
• J2EE should be easier to use
• It's best to program to interfaces, rather than
classes. Spring reduces the complexity cost of
using interfaces to zero.
• JavaBeans offer a great way of configuring
applications.
• OO design is more important than any
implementation technology, such as J2EE.
• Checked exceptions are overused in Java. A
framework shouldn't force you to catch exceptions
you're unlikely to be able to recover from.
• Testability is essential, and a framework such as
Spring should help make your code easier to test.
Lightweight Container?
Core usage does not impose unwanted
compile time dependencies like EJB
Loosely Coupled Components
Unit testing is possible again
POJO’s
Role of the Container
AKA BeanFactory
Loads Bean definitions ( XML )
Instantiates Beans on behalf of client
Configure dependencies via XML
Replaces Factory methods for object creation
Singleton Beans
Default configuration
Bean instance is shared
Lifecycle is managed by BeanFactory
Efficient
Good for Stateless operations
Prototype Beans
BeanFactory offers a new instance upon each
client request
BeanFactory cannot manage lifecycle since it
loses track of the bean after it hands it off
Semantically equal to the “new” keyword
Sample Bean
package com.acme;
<bean name="singletonBean"
class="com.acme.MyBean"
public class MyBean {
singleton="true" />
private String state;
<bean name="prototypeBean"
public String getState() {
class="com.acme.MyBean"
return state;
singleton="false" />
}
public void setState(String state) {
this.state = state;
}
}
How do I get a bean?
// String Array of bean definition file
String[] paths = {"applicationContext.xml"};
// Load bean definitions
ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(paths);
// Code to retrieve bean from BeanFactory
MyBean bean = (MyBean)ctx.getBean(”myBean”);
ApplicationContext
Extends BeanFactory functionality
Can initialize singleton beans upon load
Can lazy load beans
Provides i18n support
Supports lifecycle events
Implementations of
ApplicationContext
ClassPathXMLApplicationContext
FileSystemXMLApplicationContext
XmlWebApplicationContext
Roll your own
Dependency Injection
Synonymous with Inversion of Control (IOC)
Sometimes referred to as JNDI in reverse
“Hollywood Principal”
Don’t call me, I’ll call you
DI coined by Martin Fowler
Types of Dependency
Injection
Interface Dependent ( BAD )
Avalon
Constructor Based
Pico Container
Setter Based
Spring
Example of Constructor
Based Injection
<bean id="dataSource" class="javax.sql.DataSource">
<property name="driverClassName">
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
</property>
<property name="url">
<value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/myDS</value>
</property>
<property name="username"><value>fred</value></property>
<property name="password"><value>password</value></property>
</bean>
<bean id="loginDAO" class="com.acme.LoginDAOJDBC">
<constructor-arg>
<ref local="dataSource"/>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
Equivalent Java Code
Datasource datasource = .........
// Instantiate passing datasource in constructor
LoginDAO dao = new LoginDAOJDBC(datasource);
Example of Setter
Based Injection
<bean id="dataSource" class="javax.sql.DataSource">
<property name="driverClassName">
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
</property>
<property name="url">
<value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/myDS</value>
</property>
<property name="username"><value>fred</value></property>
<property name="password"><value>password</value></property>
</bean>
<bean id="loginDAO" class="com.acme.LoginDAOJDBC">
<property name="dataSource">
<ref local="dataSource"/>
</property>
</bean>
Equivalent Java Code
Datasource datasource = .........
// Instantiate
LoginDAO dao = new LoginDAOJDBC();
// set data source that was acquired previously
dao.setDatasource(datasource);
References
http://www.springframework.org
Spring Live
Spring In Action
Pro Spring
Group Exercise
Create Car Insurance Application without
Spring
Once it’s working, introduce Spring
Discuss Other Possibilities
