PART 1- MODELING AND ANALYSIS

SAFE FOUNDATION AND SLAB DESIGN

CHAPTER 1: Model & Design of Concrete Floor & Foundation Systems

CSI SAFE:

SAFE offers a single user interface to perform: Modeling, Analysis, Design,

Detailing and Reporting

SAFE give a facility for quickly starting a new model including flat slabs,
two-way slabs, base mats, waffle slabs, ribbed slabs, and single or combined
footings.

Easily model soil supports and zero tension soil models with uplift analysis.
The area assignment of soil supports is based on the sub grade modulus, and
they automatically adjust whenever the mesh changes. Base mat foundation
models can include pedestals, walls, columns, beams, and piles in addition to
the foundation area.

Safe offers 2 methods to model Foundation or Slab Design

1) Direct Design Method or

2) Export from ETABS and import to SAFE.

A very useful and powerful way to start a model in SAFE is to import the
model from ETABS.

Floor slabs or base mats that have been model in ETABS can be exported
from ETABS.
Foundation Design:
Procedure for exporting ETABS model to SAFE:

Steps:
First of all take Base plan in ETABS and make footings as per the loads come from
support reactions after analysis.

Steps to draw footings in ETABS:

 After taking base plan. Go to DRAW > draw joint objects> then make plan
offset in x and y direction. After getting offset drag slab on total corners and
mark as footing.
 Note: what offset u has to take? Whatever total load you are getting on
column just take that load and divide with soil bearing capacity u will
get the required area from that u will get the footing size.
 After getting the joints we can directly drag the slab from joint to joint or
otherwise we can draw a null beam from joint to joint which we have got
from plan offset in above figure. After getting the slab i.e. footing we can
delete that null beams.
 See below figure how we will get the footings in ETABS using joint object.

Footings in ETABS
There are 3 options to Export from ETABS to SAFE:
1) Floor loads: This is a common option and should be used for most gravity floor
systems, when there is no transfer of loads from floors above, or the floors from
above has small influence on floor being exported
2) Floor loads and loads from above: This option is recommended when loads
from above have an important effect of floor being exported (i.e. transfer floor), for
foundation design and also this is the recommended option to export gravity and
lateral loads. In this case loads in Safe will be separated in two load patterns floor
loads and loads from above (i.e. Dead Above, Dead), these load patterns will be
combined in one load case (i.e. DEAD)
3) Floor loads plus columns and wall distortions: This option should be used
when exporting temperature loads, in this case walls and columns will be replaced
by fixed supports in SAFE, and deformation will be assigned to these nodes

For foundation design take 2 option (floor loads and loads from above) we have
to take.

1. When exporting from ETABS for foundation design (as opposed to elevated
slab), use the export floor loads and loads from above option with the BASE
Story to export selected.
Notes: Model must be analyzed and locked to export.

From the above figure appropriate floor load option can be selected along with the
desired load cases. After the model has been exported as an .f2k text file the same
file can be imported into safe
Using the file menu > import command. Using the import and export steps will
complete the transfer of the foundation and slabs geometry, section properties, and
loadings for the selected load cases.

1 Import .f2k file to SAFE.

2 Check material property whether it has import correctly from ETABS or not.
3 Define footing property and assign to all footings.

Note: when defining footing property there will be one option STIFF better to
give same property in STIFF option as given in footing property same material
same footing thickness etc.

4 Define soil sub grade modulus to foundation as per soil condition and bearing
capacity of the soil and assign to all the columns as supports.
Formula for finding soil sub grade modulus: 40 *3* bearing capacity

5 Check load cases and load combinations as there are correctly import from
ETABS or not if not then define the load patterns and load combinations which
are useful for foundation design.

Define > load patterns & load combinations > ok

6 Check design preferences.

7 Then Run the building analysis using the Analyze menu > Run Analysis
Command.
8 After analysis checking required
  Soil pressure: Display menu > show reaction forces. Check
soil pressure for (service) load combination and the condition
for checking soil pressure.

 Soil pressure must be > zero

 Soil pressure must be < bearing capacity.

Note: If soil pressure is showing more than bearing capacity then we have to
increase the footing size and it has to be increase in 2 directions also ( Go to
Edit > edit areas > expand or shrink area) with this option footing area
will increase in 2 directions.

 Punching shear: for footings punching shear must be less than 1. If

greater than 1 then increase the footing size.
Note: after analysis and design if N/C is showing it means then is no
problem of punching shear there. This will be shown when strap beam
is provided from footing to footing.
10. Footing Design (Reinforcement Details):

 After analysis. Go to run analysis and Design.

Go to Display > Show Slab Design > design basis > finite element method.

Contour range: Minimum - 4* 89 = 356 mm2 / m

 Maximum - 4* 89 = 356 mm2 / m

Check Direction 1 – Top rebar

Direction 2 – bottom rebar.

Note: for knowing how the footing is safe or not if pink color appears on
footings then all the footings are safe in reinforcement ( reference see below
figure ). If you get blue color on footings then u have to change reinforcement
in contour range. Ex (change contour to 6*89 = 539) like this.

Floor slab Design:

Procedure for exporting ETABS model to SAFE for floor design:

Steps:
First of all take floor plan in ETABS and Go to file > export > story as SAFE
V12.f2k file.

Next open SAFE software Go to file > import > SAFE .F2K file. After importing
the floor slab from ETABS first of all u has to check the loads on slabs what assign
in ETABS are it correctly import or not? Go to display > show loads> live or
dead etc.

And check the load combinations what has given in ETABS.

Note: Especially for long term deflection checking only we have to add more load
combinations in SAFE otherwise for normal deflection we have to check for
Service load combination it’s enough.

Fig: Floor Slab Design

 Fig: Floor Loads

 Check material property whether it has import correctly from ETABS or not.
Go to Define >Materials> ex (M30, FE 415) etc.

 Check slab property whether it has import correctly from ETABS or not.
Go to Define> slab properties > ex (S200) etc.
 Note: when defining SLAB property there will be one option STIFF
better to give same property in STIFF option as given in slab property same
material same slab thickness etc.

Checking required in floor slab design:

o Deflection check
o Punching shear.

Then Go to > Analysis > Run analysis

 After analysis > go to Display > show deformed shape > check for load
combination > ultimate.
See the min displacement at the bottom of the screen as shown in below figure.
It has to be less than 25mm which is allowable deflection as per code. If it is
more than 25mm then u have to increase the slab thickness for deflection
control.
Note: for long term deflection also same procedure but there will be some
extra load cases and load combinations. And especially we will check for
load combination (long term deflection).

PUNCHING SHEAR CHECK:

After deflection check Go to > Analysis > Run analysis and design.
 Go to > Display > show punching shear > if less than one near columns then
ok otherwise select the columns were the pinching is more than 1 then Go to
design > punching shear overwrites > use the option reinforcement allowed (
rebar ties) and we can use studs ( but studs are so costly) instead of studs we
can use rebar ties around the columns.
 For slabs punching shear must be less than 1. If greater than 1 then .
Note: after analysis and design if N/C is showing it means then is no
problem of punching shear there. This will be shown when beam is
provided from column to column.

After all checking slab design reinforcements required:

Go to display > slab design > design basis > finite element method >

Contour range: Minimum - 4* 89 = 356 mm2 / m

Maximum - 4* 89 = 356 mm2 / m

Check Direction 1 – Top rebar

Direction 2 – bottom rebar.

Note: for knowing how the slab is safe or not if pink color appears on footings
then all the footings are safe in reinforcement ( reference see below figure ). If
you get blue color on footings then u have to change reinforcement in contour
range. Ex (change contour to 6*113 = 678) like this.

Mostly for flat slab is there then u have to put total 12mm for total slab and then
check mostly u will find the extra steel near columns then u have to provide extra
reinforcement near column only. See below fig: steel reinforcement.