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    Chapter 4. Gas Dehydration

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    Tu Dang Trong
    The document discusses gas dehydration methods, focusing on absorption using glycol. It describes how removing water from gas streams prevents hydrate formation. Absorption methods use solvents like glycol to remove water, while adsorption uses solid surfaces. The glycol process absorbs water vapor continuously into lean glycol in an absorption column then regenerates the rich glycol in a reboiler. Key factors for glycol process design are lean glycol purity, circulation rate, and number of contactor stages.

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    Chapter 4. Gas Dehydration

    Uploaded by

    Tu Dang Trong
    64 views17 pages
    The document discusses gas dehydration methods, focusing on absorption using glycol. It describes how removing water from gas streams prevents hydrate formation. Absorption methods use solvents like glycol to remove water, while adsorption uses solid surfaces. The glycol process absorbs water vapor continuously into lean glycol in an absorption column then regenerates the rich glycol in a reboiler. Key factors for glycol process design are lean glycol purity, circulation rate, and number of contactor stages.

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    The document discusses gas dehydration methods, focusing on absorption using glycol. It describes how removing water from gas streams prevents hydrate formation. Absorption methods use solvents like glycol to remove water, while adsorption uses solid surfaces. The glycol process absorbs water vapor continuously into lean glycol in an absorption column then regenerates the rich glycol in a reboiler. Key factors for glycol process design are lean glycol purity, circulation rate, and number of contactor stages.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    64 views17 pages

    Chapter 4. Gas Dehydration

    Uploaded by

    Tu Dang Trong
    The document discusses gas dehydration methods, focusing on absorption using glycol. It describes how removing water from gas streams prevents hydrate formation. Absorption methods use solvents like glycol to remove water, while adsorption uses solid surfaces. The glycol process absorbs water vapor continuously into lean glycol in an absorption column then regenerates the rich glycol in a reboiler. Key factors for glycol process design are lean glycol purity, circulation rate, and number of contactor stages.

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    You are on page 1of 17

    12/28/2020 Dr. Mai Cao Lan, Dept.

    of Drilling & Production Engineering, GEOPET, HCMUT 147


    Chapter Outline

    Why Gas Dehydration?

    Overview of Dehydration Methods

    Gas Dehydration by Absorption with Glycol Process

    Gas Dehydration by Adsorption with Solid Desiccants

    12/28/2020 Dr. Mai Cao Lan, Dept. of Drilling & Production Engineering, GEOPET, HCMUT 148
    Why Gas Dehydration?

    • Gas dehydration removes water from the gas stream to


    avoid hydrate formation in surface facilities or in gas
    pipelines
    • Hydrate formation conditions: high pressure + low
    temperature + liquid water

    12/28/2020 Lan Mai-Cao, HCM University of Technology, Vietnam 149


    Overview of Dehydration Methods

    12/28/2020 Lan Mai-Cao, HCM University of Technology, Vietnam 150


    Overview of Dehydration Methods
    Absorption
    • Removing water from gas streams using solvents
    • Popular solvents:
    – MEG: Monoethylene Glycol
    – DEG: Diethylene Glycol
    – TEG: Triethylene Glycol

    12/28/2020 Lan Mai-Cao, HCM University of Technology, Vietnam 151


    Overview of Dehydration Methods
    Adsorption

    • Removing water from gas streams using solid surfaces, known


    as solid beds

    • Chemisorption (chemical or electrovalent bonding) vs


    Physisorption (van der Waals forces between gas molecules
    and solid surface)
    • Popular solid desiccants:
    – Alumina
    – Molecular sieves (microporous media with or nm pore
    size)
    – Silicon gel
    – CaCl2

    12/28/2020 Lan Mai-Cao, HCM University of Technology, Vietnam 152


    Overview of Dehydration Methods
    Condensation
    • Removing water from gas streams by cooling below dew
    points
    • Popular cooling methods for condensation:
    – External cooling or refrigeration: Using ammonia
    liquid or liquid propane
    – Turbo expansion: Generating work in an adiabatic
    process

    12/28/2020 Lan Mai-Cao, HCM University of Technology, Vietnam 153


    Gas Dehydration by Absorption
    Glycol Process
    Advantages:

    • Continuous rather than batch process


    • Lower pressure drop
    • High performance: Up to 0.5 lb H2O/MMscf of gas can be
    achieved
    • Glycol can be effectively regenerated
    • Low installation cost

    12/28/2020 Lan Mai-Cao, HCM University of Technology, Vietnam 154


    Gas Dehydration by Absorption
    Glycol Process
    Advantages:

    • Continuous rather than batch process


    • Lower pressure drop
    • High performance: Up to 0.5 lb H2O/MMscf of gas can be
    achieved
    • Glycol can be effectively regenerated
    • Low installation cost

    12/28/2020 Lan Mai-Cao, HCM University of Technology, Vietnam 155


    Gas Dehydration by Absorption
    Glycol Process
    Disadvantages:

    • Glycol is susceptive to contamination

    • Glycol is corrosive when contanminated or decomposed

    • Water dew points below -25oF requires special gas stripper


    columns

    12/28/2020 Lan Mai-Cao, HCM University of Technology, Vietnam 156


    Typical Glycol Process Flow

    12/28/2020 Lan Mai-Cao, HCM University of Technology, Vietnam 157


    Glycol Process Description

    • Wet gas enters the absorption column from near its bottom

    • Gas flows upward through six to eight trays and passes


    through mist extractor at the outlet

    • Lean glycol flows downward, absorbing water vapor from


    the natural gas

    • Rich glycol leaves from the bottom of the column to the


    regeneration unit.

    12/28/2020 Lan Mai-Cao, HCM University of Technology, Vietnam 158


    Glycol Process Description (cont’d)

    • Reboiler generates steam from the water in the rich glycol

    • Steam is circulated through the packed section to strip the


    water from the glycol

    • Stripped water and any lost hydrocarbon are vented at the


    top of the stripper

    • Hot lean glycol exchange its heat to the rich glycol in the
    heat exchanger and thus saves the energy

    12/28/2020 Lan Mai-Cao, HCM University of Technology, Vietnam 159


    Design of Gas Dehydration by Absorption
    in TEG
    Three main factors that affect on the amount of water
    removal in glycol processes:
    - Lean TEG purity
    - TEG circulation rate
    - Number of stages in the glycol contactor/absorber

    12/28/2020 Lan Mai-Cao, HCM University of Technology, Vietnam 160


    Lean TEG Purity
    - The purity of lean TEG controls the dry gas water dew point
    - Equilibrium water dew point depends on the contactor
    temperature at various lean TEG concentrations (wt %)

    12/28/2020 Lan Mai-Cao, HCM University of Technology, Vietnam 161


    TEG Circulation Rate
    - Actual water removal depends on circulation rate and the number of
    stages N
    - Typical TEG rate: 15-40 liters TEG/kg H2O absorbed

    12/28/2020 Lan Mai-Cao, HCM University of Technology, Vietnam 162


    Tray Efficiency – Number of Trays
    Overall tray efficiency is defined as the ratio between the number of
    equilibrium stages and the number of actual trays

    12/28/2020 Lan Mai-Cao, HCM University of Technology, Vietnam 163

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