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Analysis of Band Pass Filter: Objective

The document describes analyzing a band pass filter by cascading a low pass and high pass filter. It discusses how band pass filters isolate frequencies within a particular band by passing frequencies between two cutoff points while attenuating others. The experiment involves constructing band pass filters using different resistor, capacitor and inductor combinations. Frequency responses are measured and cutoff frequencies determined based on the -3dB points. The results show the filters passing signals within a bandwidth while rejecting others outside this range.

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ayesha amjad
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79 views6 pages

Analysis of Band Pass Filter: Objective

The document describes analyzing a band pass filter by cascading a low pass and high pass filter. It discusses how band pass filters isolate frequencies within a particular band by passing frequencies between two cutoff points while attenuating others. The experiment involves constructing band pass filters using different resistor, capacitor and inductor combinations. Frequency responses are measured and cutoff frequencies determined based on the -3dB points. The results show the filters passing signals within a bandwidth while rejecting others outside this range.

Uploaded by

ayesha amjad
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Analysis of Band Pass filter

Objective
To construct a band pass filter by cascading a low pass and a high pass filter and obtain the
frequency response of filter

Theory

Band Pass Filters can be used to isolate or filter out certain frequencies that lie within a
particular band or range of frequencies. The cut-off frequency or ƒc point in a simple RC
passive filter can be accurately controlled using just a single resistor in series with a non-
polarized capacitor, and depending upon which way around they are connected, we have seen
that either a Low Pass or a High Pass filter is obtained.

By connecting or “cascading” together a single Low Pass Filter circuit with a High Pass


Filter circuit, we can produce another type of passive RC filter that passes a selected range or
“band” of frequencies that can be either narrow or wide while attenuating all those outside of
this range. This new type of passive filter arrangement produces a frequency selective filter
known commonly as a Band Pass Filter or BPF for short.

Unlike the low pass filter which only pass signals of a low frequency range or the high pass
filter which pass signals of a higher frequency range, a Band Pass Filters passes signals
within a certain “band” or “spread” of frequencies without distorting the input signal or
introducing extra noise. This band of frequencies can be any width and is commonly known
as the filters Bandwidth.

Bandwidth is commonly defined as the frequency range that exists between two specified
frequency cut-off points ( ƒc ), that are 3dB below the maximum centre or resonant peak
while attenuating or weakening the others outside of these two points.

Frequency Response of a 2nd Order Band Pass Filter


The Bode Plot or frequency response curve above shows the characteristics of the band pass
filter. Here the signal is attenuated at low frequencies with the output increasing at a slope of
+20dB/Decade (6dB/Octave) until the frequency reaches the “lower cut-off” point ƒL. At this
frequency the output voltage is again 1/√2 = 70.7% of the input signal value or -
3dB (20*log(VOUT/VIN)) of the input.

The output continues at maximum gain until it reaches the “upper cut-off” point ƒH where the
output decreases at a rate of -20dB/Decade (6dB/Octave) attenuating any high frequency
signals. The point of maximum output gain is generally the geometric mean of the two -3dB
value between the lower and upper cut-off points and is called the “Centre Frequency” or
“Resonant Peak” value ƒr. This geometric mean value is calculated as being ƒr 2 =
ƒ(UPPER) x ƒ(LOWER).

Apparatus

 CRO
 Function generator
 Resistor
 Capacitor
 Inductor
 Digital Multi Meter

Procedure
 I connected the circuit with the components R=1200ohms, C=0.01µF, and L=33Mh. I
switched ON the power supply.
 I applied a 4V peak to peak sine wave as input voltage to the circuit.
 The frequency of the frequency generator is to sweep through a range of 100Hz to
1KHz insteps of 200Hz and from 1KHz to 1MHz insteps of 2KHz. I observed the
response on the oscilloscope in each case and noted down the output voltage for the
corresponding input frequency in the table.
 Then, I computed the 70% of output voltage and obtained the frequencies at which it
occur. I noted that it happened twice for a band pass filter one near lower cutoff and
other near upper cutoff frequency. This gave us Cut off or Roll off frequencies for the
constructed band pass filter circuit.
 I repeated the experiment for another combination of R, L and C.

Simulation

Observations and Calculation Table


Setup A for R=1200 Ω , C=0.01µF , L=33mH
Frequency(Hz) Voltage(volts
100 0.070
300 0.21
500 0.349
700 0.489
900 0.629
1000 0.698
3000 2.05
5000 3.184
7000 3.85
9000 3.994
10000 3.928
13000 3.5
15000 3.177
20000 2.50
22000 2.30
24000 2.125
30000 1.791`
35000 1.48
70000 0.746
100000 0.532
1000000 0.052

frequency response of band pass filter


4.5
4
3.5
3
magnitude(volts)

2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
100 1000 10000 100000 1000000
Frequency(Hz)
frequency(Hz) Voltage(volts)
100 2.154
300 3.571
500 3.849
700 3.937
900 3.973
1000 3.983
Setup Bfor R=100 Ω 3000 3.962 , C=1µF, L=10mH
5000 3.845
7000 3.684
9000 3.497
10000 3.398
13000 3.1
15000 2.91
20000 2.48
22000 2.332
24000 2.197
frequency reponse Of bandpass filter
4.16
3.96
3.76
3.56
3.36
magnitude

3.16
2.96
2.76
2.56
2.36
2.16
100 1000 10000 100000
frequency(Hz)

Conclusion:
 As we know the objective of this lab was to determine the resonance frequency of the
circuit and bandwidth.
 We also studied the phasor behavior of RLC with AC power supply.
 We also verified, voltage across capacitor and resistor are out of phase by 90.We also
verified the impedance and phase angle with frequency and verified that a series RC
Circuit as frequency increases X C , Z decreases .
 There was also some distraction during calculation but we tried to take accurate
readings. In this lab we also concluded how the resonant frequency depends upon R
value and reactance.
 My investigation was a fair test. Wetried to take best fit using the different voltage
readings across capacitor and resistor, which helped me to prove my theory.
.

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