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Lab: If Statement

The document provides tutorials on using if statements, if/else statements, and switch statements in C++ to control program flow based on conditions. It explains the syntax of each statement type, how they direct program execution based on boolean expressions or the value of a variable, and best practices like using break statements in switch cases. Examples are given to demonstrate the functionality of each statement type.

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Rishi MG
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49 views

Lab: If Statement

The document provides tutorials on using if statements, if/else statements, and switch statements in C++ to control program flow based on conditions. It explains the syntax of each statement type, how they direct program execution based on boolean expressions or the value of a variable, and best practices like using break statements in switch cases. Examples are given to demonstrate the functionality of each statement type.

Uploaded by

Rishi MG
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lab:

If Statement

Tutorial Lab 1: If Statements


The if statement allows for your program to make a decision about what it
should do. It asks a simple question: “Is this condition true?” If yes, then the
computer will execute certain commands.

int x = 5;

if (x < 10) {
cout << "Less than 10" << endl;
}

Code Visualizer

An if statement is comprised of the keyword if, followed by a boolean


expression surrounded by parentheses (). Any code that should run if the
boolean expression is true is surrounded by curly braces {}. It is best
practice to indent this code, but it does not affect how the code runs.

If the boolean expression is false, the code in curly braces is skipped, and
the program continues as normal.

int x = 20;

if (x < 10) {
cout << "Less than 10" << endl;
}

cout << "And the program continues...";

Code Visualizer

if statements can be used to test multiple conditions. These conditions


exist as boolean expressions inside the parentheses (). In addition, an if
statement can exist inside another if statement. Both blocks of code below
accomplish the same exact task.
int age = 15; int age = 15;

if (age < 20) { if ((age < 20) && (age > 10)) {
if (age > 10) { cout << "Teenager";
cout << "Teenager"; }
}

Code Visualizer
Lab: If Else Statement

Tutorial Lab 2: If Else Statements


The if else statement gives your program the ability to ask a question,
perform certain actions if the answer is true, and then perform another set
of actions if the answer is false.

int x = 10;

if (x > 50) {
cout << to_string(x) + " is greater than 50" << endl;
}
else {
cout << to_string(x) + " is less than 50" << endl;
}

Code Visualizer

The if part of the if else statement is written as before. The else keyword
is not indented; it should be aligned with the if keyword. else is followed
by an open curly brace {. You do not use a boolean expression with else.
All code that should run when the boolean expression is false should go
before the closing curly brace }.

Be careful when expressing your boolean expression in terms of “less than


or greater than”. This does not take into account when the values being
compared are equal. Consider the code from above, but with x having the
value of 50.

int x = 50;

if (x > 50) {
cout << to_string(x) + " is greater than 50" << endl;
}
else {
cout << to_string(x) + " is less than 50" << endl;
}

Code Visualizer
The output of the program does not make sense. 50 is not less than 50.
Sometimes using <= and >= need to be used. Another solution is to update
the output to be more inclusive such as replacing is less than 50 with is
less than or equal to 50. In either case, be sure to think through all of
the possible outcomes, and make sure your code can function properly in
all of those scenarios.
Lab: Switch Statement

Tutorial Lab 3: Switch Statement


The switch case statement gives your program the ability to perform
different actions based on the value of a given variable.

int size = 3;

switch (size) {
case 1: cout << "Short"; break;
case 2: cout << "Tall"; break;
case 3: cout << "Grande"; break;
case 4: cout << "Venti"; break;
case 5: cout << "Trenta"; break;
default: cout << "Grande";
}

Code Visualizer

The variable used to make the decision is in parentheses following the


switch keyword. Inside curly braces, the cases listing the different values to
check are followed by a : and then the code that should run if the variable
is equal to that case’s value comes next. The last case, default, runs if none
of the other cases are true. Each code segment except the last one ends with
break; to signal the program to jump to the closing curly brace.

Remember to include break; statements at the end of each case. Check out
what happens when you remove them.

int size = 3;

switch (size) {
case 1: cout << "Short";
case 2: cout << "Tall";
case 3: cout << "Grande";
case 4: cout << "Venti";
case 5: cout << "Trenta";
default: cout << "Grande";
}

Code Visualizer
The output of the program does not make sense because the program
continues through all of the cases after the initial case is matched to a
value. In the example above, the program prints the command for case 3
as well as all of the commands that follow.
Lab Challenge: Month of the Year

Conditionals Challenge
Write a program that determines the month of the year based on the value
of a variable called month. The variable will be a number from 1 to 12 (1 is
January, 2 is February, etc.). Use a cout << statement to write the month to
the screen.

Click to compile your code

Test your code with a few different values

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