0% found this document useful (0 votes)
87 views9 pages

KOREKSI Kel.9 Oleh Kelompok 2

The document discusses the differences between takeovers, mergers, and buyouts. It explains that takeovers involve a larger company acquiring a smaller one, which can sometimes be hostile. Mergers are mutual decisions between two relatively equal companies to combine. Buyouts refer to acquiring a controlling stake in a company, which can be a management buyout or leveraged buyout using significant debt.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
87 views9 pages

KOREKSI Kel.9 Oleh Kelompok 2

The document discusses the differences between takeovers, mergers, and buyouts. It explains that takeovers involve a larger company acquiring a smaller one, which can sometimes be hostile. Mergers are mutual decisions between two relatively equal companies to combine. Buyouts refer to acquiring a controlling stake in a company, which can be a management buyout or leveraged buyout using significant debt.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

RESPONS BY THE SECOND GROUP

ARTICLE ABOUT TAKEOVERS, MERGERS, AND BUYOUTS

This paper was made to fulfill English for Economics II task

Lecturer : Enny Hardi, S.E., M.Si. Ak.

Created by:
GROUP 2
Hibbatin Mahfuziah (1910313120029)
Karina Khairunnisa (1910313220003)
Latifah Rafika (1910313320007)
Ghina Vrilia Putri (1910313320013)
Salma Hapijah (1910313320049)

PROGRAM STUDI S1 AKUNTANSI


FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS
UNIVERSITAS LAMBUNG MANGKURAT
BANJARMASIN
2020
 Pengucapan yang diucapkan oleh pembicara kurang
tepat

Takeovers, Mergers and Buyouts

Takeovers, Mergers and Buyouts

In a general sense, takeovers (or acquisitions), mergers and buyouts are very similar
corporate actions. They combine two previously separate firms into a single legal entity.
Significant operational advantages can be obtained when two firms are combined and in fact, the
goal of most mergers and acquisitions is to improve company performance and shareholder value
over the long-term. The motivation to pursue a merger or acquisition can be considerable; a
company that combines itself with another can experience boosted economies of scale, greater
sales revenue and market share in its market, broadened diversification, and increased tax
efficiency. However, the underlying business rationale and financing methodology for mergers,
takeovers and buyouts are substantially different.

A takeover, or acquisition, on the other hand, is characterized by the purchase of a


smaller company by a much larger one. This combination of "unequals" can produce the same
benefits as a merger, but it does not necessarily have to be a mutual decision. A larger company
can initiate a hostile takeover of a smaller firm, which essentially amounts to buying the
company in the face of resistance from the smaller company's management. Unlike in a merger,
in an acquisition, the acquiring firm usually offers a cash price per share to the target firm's
shareholders, or the acquiring firm's shares to the shareholders of the target firm, according to a
specified conversion ratio. Either way, the purchasing company essentially finances the purchase
of the target company, buying it outright for its shareholders. An example of an acquisition
would be how the Walt Disney Corporation bought Pixar Animation Studios in 2006. In this
case, the takeover was friendly, as Pixar's shareholders all approved the decision to be acquired.
Target companies can employ a number of tactics to defend themselves against an unwanted
hostile takeover, such as including covenants in their bond issues that force early debt repayment
at premium prices if the firm is taken over.

A merger involves the mutual decision of two companies to combine and become one
entity; it can be seen as a decision made by two "equals." The combined business, through
structural and operational advantages secured by the merger, can cut costs and increase profits,
boosting shareholder values for both groups of shareholders. A typical merger, in other words,
involves two relatively equal companies that combine to become one legal entity with the goal of
producing a company that is worth more than the sum of its parts. For example, back in 1998,
American automaker Chrysler Corp merged with German automaker Daimler Benz to form
DaimlerChrysler. This has all the makings of a merger of equals, as the chairmen in both
organizations became joint leaders in the new organization. The merger was thought to be quite
beneficial to both companies, as it gave Chrysler an opportunity to reach more European
markets, and Daimler Benz would gain a greater presence in North America.

A buyout is the acquisition of a controlling interest in a company and is used


synonymously with the term acquisition. If the stake is bought by the firm’s management, it is
known as a management buyout and if high levels of debt are used to fund the buyout, it is called
a leveraged buyout. Buyouts often occur when a company is going private. Buyouts occur when
a buyer acquires more than 50% of the company, leading to a change of control. Firms that
specialize in funding and facilitating buyouts, act alone or together on deals, and are usually
financed by institutional investors, wealthy individuals, or loans. In private equity, funds and
investors seek out underperforming or undervalued companies that they can take private and turn
around, before going public years later. Buyout firms are involved in management buyouts
(MBOs), in which the management of the company being purchased takes a stake. They often
play key roles in leveraged buyouts, which are buyouts that are funded with borrowed money.

Management buyouts (MBOs) provide an exit strategy for large corporations that want to
sell off divisions that are not part of their core business, or for private businesses whose owners
wish to retire. The financing required for an MBO is often quite substantial and is usually a
combination of debt and equity that is derived from the buyers, financiers, and sometimes the
seller. Leveraged buyouts (LBO) use significant amounts of borrowed money, with the assets of
the company being acquired often used as collateral for the loans. The company performing the
LBO may provide only 10% of the capital, with the rest financed through debt. This is a high-
risk, high-reward strategy, where the acquisition has to realize high returns and cash flows in
order to pay the interest on the debt. The target company's assets are typically provided as
collateral for the debt, and buyout firms sometimes sell parts of the target company to pay down
the debt.
- Kata yang tertinggal/tidak diterjemahkan oleh kelompok 9
- Kata yang kurang tepat
- Kata yang lebih tepat menurut kelompok kami

TERJEMAH

Dalam sebuah pengertian umum, pengambilalihan-pengambilalihan (atau akuisisi-


akuisisi), penggabungan-penggabungan dan pembelian-pembelian adalah tindakan-tindakan
korporasi yang sangat mirip. Mereka menggabungkan dua perusahaan yang sebelumnya terpisah
menjadi satu badan hukum tunggal. Keuntungan-keuntungan operasional yang signifikan dapat
diperoleh ketika dua perusahaan digabungkan dan pada kenyataannya, tujuan dari kebanyakan
penggabungan-penggabungan dan akuisisi-akuisisi adalah untuk meningkatkan kinerja
perusahaan dan nilai pemegang saham dalam jangka panjang. Motivasi untuk mengejar merger
atau akuisisi bisa sangat besar; sebuah perusahaan yang menggabungkan dirinya dengan
perusahaan lain dapat mengalami peningkatan skala ekonomi, pendapatan penjualan yang lebih
besar dan pangsa pasar di pasarnya, diversifikasi yang diperluas, dan peningkatan efisiensi pajak.
Namun, dasar pemikiran bisnis dan metodologi pembiayaan untuk penggabungan-
penggabungan, pengambilalihan-pengambilalihan dan pembelian-pembelian jauh berbeda.
Sebuah pengambilalihan, atau akuisisi, di sisi lain, ditandai dengan pembelian
perusahaan yang lebih kecil dengan yang jauh lebih besar. Kombinasi "tidak setara" ini dapat
menghasilkan manfaat-manfaat yang sama dengan sebuah penggabungan, tetapi itu tidak harus
menjadi sebuah keputusan bersama. Sebuah perusahaan yang lebih besar dapat memulai
pengambilalihan dari sebuah perusahaan yang lebih kecil, yang pada dasarnya sama dengan
membeli perusahaan dalam menghadapi perlawanan dari manajemen perusahaan yang lebih
kecil. Tidak seperti dalam sebuah penggabungan, dalam sebuah akuisisi, perusahaan yang
mengakuisisi biasanya menawarkan harga tunai per saham kepada para pemegang saham
perusahaan target, atau saham perusahaan yang mengakuisisi kepada para pemegang saham
perusahaan target, sesuai dengan rasio konversi yang ditentukan. Bagimanapun juga, perusahaan
pembelian pada dasarnya membiayai pembelian dari perusahaan target, membelinya langsung
untuk para pemegang sahamnya. Sebuah contoh dari sebuah akuisisi adalah bagaimana
Perusahaan Walt Disney membeli Studio Animasi Pixar pada tahun 2006. Dalam kasus ini,
pengambilalihan itu ramah bersahabat, sebagai pemegang-pemegang saham Pixar semua
menyetujui keputusan untuk diakuisisi. Perusahaan-perusahaan sasaran dapat menggunakan
sejumlah taktik untuk mempertahankan diri mereka terhadap pengambilalihan permusuhan
perseteruan pengambilalihan yang tidak diinginkan, seperti memasukkan perjanjian-perjanjian
dalam masalah-masalah obligasi mereka yang memaksa pembayaran utang awal dengan harga-
harga premium jika perusahaan diambil alih.
Sebuah penggabungan melibatkan keputusan bersama dari dua perusahaan untuk
bergabung dan menjadi satu entitas; itu bisa dilihat sebagai sebuah keputusan yang dibuat
berdua “bersama”. Bisnis gabungan, melalui keuntungan-keuntungan struktural dan operasional
yang dijamin oleh penggabungan, dapat memotong biaya-biaya dan meningkatkan pendapatan-
pendapatan, meningkatkan nilai-nilai pemegang saham untuk kedua kelompok pemegang-
pemegang saham. Sebuah tipikal penggabungan, dengan kata lain, melibatkan dua perusahaan
yang relatif setara yang bergabung menjadi satu badan hukum dengan tujuan menghasilkan
sebuah perusahaan yang bernilai lebih dari jumlah bagian-bagiannya. Sebagai contoh, kembali
pada tahun 1998, pembuat mobil Amerika Chrysler Corp bergabung dengan pembuat mobil
Jerman Daimler Benz untuk membentuk DaimlerChrysler. Ini memiliki semua kemampuan-
kemampuan (semua kemampuan) untuk melakukan penggabungan yang setara, karena ketua di
kedua organisasi-organisasi menjadi pemimpin-pemimpin bersama dalam organisasi baru.
Penggabungan dianggap cukup menguntungkan bagi kedua perusahaan-perusahaan (kedua
perusahaan), karena memberi Chrysler kesempatan untuk menjangkau lebih banyak pasar-pasar
Eropa, dan Daimler Benz akan mendapatkan kehadiran yang lebih besar di Amerika Utara.
Sebuah pembelian adalah akuisisi dari kepentingan pengendali dalam sebuah
perusahaan dan digunakan secara sinonim dengan istilah akuisisi. Jika saham dibeli oleh
manajemen perusahaan, itu dikenal sebagai sebuah pembelian oleh manajemen dan jika tingkat-
tingkat dari utang yang tinggi digunakan untuk mendanai pembelian tersebut, itu disebut sebuah
leveraged buyout. Pembelian-pembelian sering terjadi ketika sebuah perusahaan menjadi
pribadi. Pembelian-pembelian terjadi ketika pembeli mengakuisisi lebih dari 50% dari suatu
perusahaan, yang menyebabkan perubahan kontrol. Perusahaan-perusahaan yang berspesialisasi
dalam mendanai dan memfasilitasi pembelian-pembelian, bertindak sendiri atau bersama dalam
kesepakatan-kesepakatan, dan biasanya dibiayai oleh investor-investor institusi, individu-
individu yang kaya, atau pinjaman-pinjaman. Dalam ekuitas swasta, dana-dana dan investor-
investor mencari perusahaan-perusahaan yang berkinerja buruk atau di bawah nilai yang dapat
mereka ambil pribadi dan berbalik, sebelum menjadi perusahaan publik tahun kemudian.
Perusahaan-perusahaan pembeli terlibat dalam manajemen pembelian (MBO), di mana
manajemen dari suatu perusahaan yang dibeli mengambil sebuah saham. Mereka sering
memainkan peran-peran kunci dalam pembelian dengan leverage, yaitu pembelian-pembelian
yang didanai dengan uang pinjaman.
Manajemen pembelian (MBO) menyediakan sebuah strategi keluar untuk perusahaan-
perusahaan besar yang ingin menjual divisi-divisi yang bukan bagian dari bisnis inti mereka, atau
untuk bisnis-bisnis swasta yang para pemiliknya ingin pensiun. Pendanaan yang dibutuhkan
untuk sebuah MBO seringkali cukup besar dan biasanya merupakan sebuah kombinasi dari
hutang dan ekuitas yang berasal dari para pembeli, para pemodal, dan terkadang penjual.
Leveraged buyouts (LBO) menggunakan sejumlah besar dari uang pinjaman, dengan aset-aset
perusahaan yang diakuisisi sering digunakan sebagai jaminan untuk pinjaman-pinjaman.
Perusahaan yang melakukan LBO hanya dapat menyediakan 10% dari modal, sisanya dibiayai
melalui utang. Ini adalah sebuah risiko tinggi, strategi hadiah/penghargaan tinggi, di mana
akuisisi harus merealisasikan pengembalian-pengembalian tinggi dan arus-arus kas untuk
membayar bunga atas utang. Aset-aset perusahaan target biasanya disediakan sebagai jaminan
untuk utang, dan perusahaan-perusahaan pembelian kadang-kadang menjual bagian-bagian
perusahaan target untuk membayar utang.
 Kata yang di tambahkan
 Kata / kalimat yang lebih tepat

QUESTION AND ANSWER


1. Why do they combine two previously separate firms into a single legal entity?
( Paragraph 1)
Answer:
They do combine two previously separate firms into a single legal entity because the
Significant operational advantages can be obtained when two firms are combined and, in
fact, the goal of most mergers and acquisitions is to improve company performance and
shareholder value over the long-term, a company that combines itself with another can
experience boosted economies of scale, greater sales revenue and market share in its
market, broadened diversification, and increased tax efficiency.

2. What does characterized the takeover or acquisition? ( Paragraph 2)


Takeover or acquisition is characterized by?
Answer:
Take over or acquisition is characterized by the purchase of a smaller company with a
much bigger one

3. What a tactics can employ a number of Target companies to defend themselves


against an unwanted hostile takeover? ( Paragraph 2)
What are the tactics that can employ a number of Target companies to defend
themselves against an unwanted hostile takeover include?
Answer:
A tactics that can employ a number of Target companies to defend themselves against an
unwanted hostile takeover is including covenants in their bond issues that force early debt
repayment at premium prices if the firm is taken over.

4. What is an example of a takeover or acquisition? (Paragraph 2)


Answer:
An example of an acquisition would be how the Walt Disney Corporation bought Pixar
Animation Studios in 2006. In this case, the takeover was friendly, as Pixar's
shareholders all approved the decision to be acquired. Target companies can employ a
number of tactics to defend themselves against an unwanted hostile takeover, such as
including covenants in their bond issues that force early debt repayment at premium
prices if the firm is taken over.
5. What is an example of a merger? (Paragraph 3)
Answer:
An example of a merger is in 1998, American automaker Chrysler Corp merged with
German automaker Daimler Benz to form DaimlerChrysler. This has all the makings of a
merger of equals, as the chairmen in both organizations became joint leaders in the new
organization. The merger was thought to be quite beneficial to both companies, as it gave
Chrysler an opportunity to reach more European markets, and Daimler Benz would gain a
greater presence in North America.

6. What will occur if a buyer acquires more than 50% of the company? ( Paragraph 4)
Answer:
When a buyer acquires more than 50% of the company it will leading to a change of
control of company acquired.

7. Who are the company that provides the costs of a company that specializes in
funding and facilitating purchases, doing it alone or together in agreement?
( Paragraph 4)
Who usually funds the companies that specializes in funding and facilitating
purchases that acting alone or together in an agreement?
Answer:
The companies that specialize in funding and facilitating purchases acting alone or
together in an agreement are usually funded by institutional investors, wealthy
individuals, or loans.

8. What is the meaning of buyout with leverage? ( Paragraph 5)


Answer:
The meaning of buyout with leverage is purchases funded with borrowed money.

9. For whom did the management buyouts (MBO) provides an exit strategy?
( Paragraph 5)
Answer:
Management buyouts (MBOs) provides exit strategies for large companies who want to
sell divisions that are not part of their core business, or for private businesses whose
owners want to retire.

10. Provided for what are usually the target company's assets? ( Paragraph 5)
What are usually the target company's assets used for?
Answer:
The target: Tambahan
Keterangan company's assets are usually used for debt collateral, and the purchasing
company sometimes sells the target company's share to pay off deb

NEW VOCABULARIES

Word Noun Verb Adjective


Takeovers Pengambil Alihan
Considerable Sekali, Sangat Sekali, Amat,
Sungguh-Sungguh,
Sedapat
Mungkin,Besar,
Banyak,luas
Hostile Bermusuhan,
Berseteru
Synonymously Yang Searti Secara Identik
Underperformi Berkinerja Buruk
ng
Undervalued Dinilai
Acquired Yang Diperoleh
Retire Pensiun, Pensiunan, Memberhentikan,
Purnakaryawan, Purnawirawan Membayarkan, Pergi
Tidur,
Mengundurkan Diri,
Mundur, Bertempat
Tinggal Setelah
Pensiun
Collateral Jaminan Tambahan,
Seketurunan,
Sejajar, Yang
Mengiringi,Yang
Terjadi Bersamaan
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/05/mergervstakeover.asp
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/buyout.asp

You might also like