WAZIRI UMARU FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC BIRNIN

KEBBI

SEMINAR PRESENTATION

ON

COMPUTER NETWORK IN THE SOCIETY

BY

MAINASSARA TUKUR

NCS/EP/17/0415

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TABLE OF CONTENT

ABSTRACT

1.1 INTRODUCTION

1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES

1.3 MOTIVATION

2.1 WHAT IS COMPUTER NETWORK

2.1.1 ADVANTAGE OF COMPUTER NETWORK

2.1.2 DISADVANTAGE OF COMPUTER NETWORK

2.2 USES OF COMPUTER NETWORK

2.3 BENEFIT OF COMPUTER NETWORK IN SOCIETY

SUMMARY

CONCLUSION

REFFERNCE

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ABSTRACT

Computer networking has become one of the most successful ways of sharing
information, where all computers are wirelessly linked together by a common
network. Now, businesses and organizations heavily rely on it to get messages and
information across to essential channels. Not only has that it benefited
establishments, but also individuals, as they also need to share important information
every day. But no matter how useful computer networking is, it does not come without
drawbacks.

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1.1 INTRODUCTION

Earlier, computer networks consisted of mainframes in an enclosure. Input was in the

form of punch cards read by card readers and output was in the form of printed results
via local printers . Local terminals were mostly used for control and programming
input. All processing was on a batch basis, rather than being interactive. In other
words, the input was transmitted in a batch from a card reader over a short circuit to
the processor, the processor processed the program in a batch and the output to the
printer was in a batch. The first true mainframe was the IBM 360, introduced in 1964.
Over time, input to the MCA-3013 mainframe was extended to multiple users at dumb
terminals that connected to ports on the mainframe through terminal controllers, or
cluster controllers. In parallel to the development of data networking, the computers
began to change. Computers became more powerful as processor speeds increased
with the development of faster microprocessors on silicon chips. Memory became
more available as chip technology and hard drive technology improved. Additionally,
computers became smaller and less expensive, to the point that the typical desktop PC
is equivalent to an early mainframe that would have filled a moderate-size office
building. As a result, all of this computing power and storage capability on all of these
desktops would lead to a need to network those devices within the workplace. It has
been estimated that majority of data transfer is confined to the workplace, while only
small percentage travels to remote places. Therefore, it is clear that PC users need to
share access to hosts, databases, printers, etc. LANs provide a solution to that
requirement.

1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES

The Aimis to provide all the program, date and hardware is available to everyone on
the network without regard to the physical location of the resource and the
users.bellow are some of the Objectives:

I. Resource sharing is the 4main objective of the computer network.

II. The second objective is to provide the high Reliability. It is achieved by
replicating the files on two or more machines, so in case of unavailability (due to
fail of hardware) the other copies can be used.

III. Computer organization has helped organization in saving money. This is due to
the fact that the small computer has much better price to the performance ratio
comparison than the large computer like mainframe. Mainframe computer are
approximately ten times faster that the microcomputers, but they cost thousands
times more. As a result of this imbalance, organization has preferred to install
interconnected microcomputer connected to the mainframe computer.

IV. Computer network have provided means to increase system performance as the
work load increases (load balancing).  In the days of mainframe when the system
was full it was to replace with the other large mainframe computer, usually at and
expensive rate not convenience for user.

V. Computer network help people who live or work apart to report together. So,
when one user prepared some documentation, he can make the document online
enabling other to read and convey their opinions. Thus computer network is a
powerful communication medium.

VI. Only authorized user can access resource in a computer network. Users are
authenticated by their user name and password. Hence it is not possible to access
the data without proper account. This increases security.

1.3 MOTIVATION

Data Protection and RedundancyPreventing critical data loss saves businesses

worldwide countless millions of dollars every year. Networking computers together
allows users to distribute copies of important information across multiple locations,
ensuring essential information
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isn't lost with the failure of any one computer in the
network. By utilizing central backup systems both on- and off-site, unique documents
and data can be gathered automatically from every computer in the network and
securely backed up in case of physical computer damage or accidental
deletion.Computer networking also allows organizations to maintain complex internal
communications systems. Network email can be instantaneously delivered to all users,
voice mail systems can be hosted via network and made available systemwide and
collaborative scheduling software and program management tools allow employees to
coordinate meetings and work activities that maximize effectiveness, while also
notifying managers and co-workers of plans and progress.

2.1 WHAT IS COMPUTER NETWORK

A computer network is a set of computers connected together for the purpose of

sharing resources. The most common resource shared today is connection to the
Internet. Other shared resources can include a printer or a file server. The Internet
itself can be considered as a computer network.

2.1.1 ADVANTAGE OF COMPUTER NETWORK

1. It Enhances Communication And Availability Of Information.

Networking, especially with full access to the web, allows ways of communication
that would simply be impossible before it was developed. Instant messaging can now
allow users to talk in real time and send files to other people wherever they are in the
world, which is a huge boon for businesses. Also, it allows access to a vast amount of
useful information, including traditional reference materials and timely facts, such as
news and current events.

2. It Allows For More Convenient Resource Sharing.

This benefit is very important, particularly for larger companies that really need to
produce huge numbers of resources to be shared to all the people. Since the
technology involves computer-based work, it is assured that the resources they wanted
to get across would be completely shared by connecting to a computer network which
their audience is also using.

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3. It Makes File Sharing Easier.
Computer networking allows easier accessibility for people to share their files, which
greatly helps them with saving more time and effort, since they could do file sharing
more accordingly and effectively.

4. It Is Highly Flexible.
This technology is known to be very flexible, as it gives users the opportunity to
explore everything about essential things, such as software without affecting their
functionality. Plus, people will have the accessibility to all information they need to
get and share.

5. It Is An Inexpensive System.
Installing networking software on your device would not cost too much, as you are
assured that it lasts and can effectively share information to your peers. Also, there is
no need to change the software regularly, as mostly it is not required to do so.

6. It Increases Cost Efficiency.

With computer networking, you can use a lot of software products available on the
market which can just be stored or installed in your system or server, and can then be
used by various workstations.

7. It Boosts Storage Capacity.

Since you are going to share information, files and resources to other people, you
have to ensure all data and content are properly stored in the system. With this
networking technology, you can do all of this without any hassle, while having all the
space you need for storage.

2.1.2 DISADVANTAGE OF COMPUTER NETWORK

1. It Lacks Independence.
Computer networking involves a process that is operated using computers, so people
will be relying more of computer work, instead of exerting an effort for their tasks at
hand. Aside from this, they will be dependent on the main file server, which means
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that, if it breaks down, the system would become useless, making users idle.
2. It Poses Security Difficulties.
Because there would be a huge number of people who would be using a computer
network to get and share some of their files and resources, a certain user’s security
would be always at risk. There might even be illegal activities that would occur,
which you need to be careful about and aware of.

3. It Lacks Robustness.
As previously stated, if a computer network’s main server breaks down, the entire
system would become useless. Also, if it has a bridging device or a central linking
server that fails, the entire network would also come to a standstill. To deal with these
problems, huge networks should have a powerful computer to serve as file server to
make setting up and maintaining the network easier.

4. It Requires An Efficient Handler.

For a computer network to work efficiently and optimally, it requires high technical
skills and know-how of its operations and administration. A person just having basic
skills cannot do this job. Take note that the responsibility to handle such a system is
high, as allotting permissions and passwords can be daunting. Similarly, network
configuration and connection is very tedious and cannot be done by an average
technician who does not have advanced knowledge.

2.2 USES OF COMPUTER NETWORK

 Business: Business clearly see the interest as a way to enhance productivity and
competitiveness. Some areas of business that are undergoing rapid changes are
sales and marketing, retailing, banking, stock trading, etc. Sales representatives
not only need to be better educated and more knowledgeable about their
customer’s businesses, but also must be comfortable with computer technology.
The internet has become a popular marketing tool. The world of cybercash has
come to banking – not only smart cards but internet banking, electronic deposit,
bill paying, online stock8and bond trading, etc.
 Government: Various departments of the Government use computer for their
planning, control and law enforcement activities. To name a few – Traffic,
Tourism, Information & Broadcasting, Education, Aviation and many others.

 Defense: Computers are used in helping the military find out where all their
assets are (Situational Awareness) and in Communications/Battle Management
Systems.

 Sports: In today's technologically growing society, computers are being used in

nearly every activity.

 Recording Information: Official statistics keepers and some scouts use

computers to record statistics, take notes and chat online while attending and
working at a sports event.

 Writers: Many sportswriters attend several sporting events a week, and they take
their computers with them to write during the game or shortly after while their
thoughts are fresh in their mind.

 Scoreboard: While some scoreboards are manually updated, most professional

sports venues have very modern scoreboards that are programmed to update
statistics and information immediately after the information is entered into the
computer.

 Safety: Computers have aided in the design of safety equipment in sports such as
football helmets to shoes to mouth guard

2.3 BENEFIT OF COMPUTER NETWORK IN SOCIETY

 It helps you automate various tasks that you can not do manually.

 It helps you organize your data and information in a better way.

 It has much more computing and calculating power then an ordinary human.
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 It may help your work to be a lot easier.

 It may be the storage of your important data and files.

 It may be your hand book.

 It may help you solve problems faster than an ordinary human being can do.

 It has speed, storage, reliability, consistency and communications.

 It helps you to find useful information using the internet.

 It helps in businesses, factories, offices, schools and homes.

SUMMARY

Computer networks have been a boon for businesses because they connect different
makes and models of microcomputers, minicomputers or even mainframe computers,
allowing for shared communication, files and equipment. The first networks appeared
in the 1960s when multi-user networks were introduced. In multi-user systems, dumb
terminals, which do not have processing capabilities of their own, are connected to a
central host computer, which shares processing time with these dumb terminals. Now
much more popular are Local Area Networks, or LANS, which appeared in the early
1970s. A LAN is a communication network privately owned by the organization
using it. LANs utilize stand-alone microcomputers rather than dumb terminals and
can vary greatly in size, range and complexity. The actual distance and number of
computers that can be connected is highly dependent upon the type of LAN and
communication line used.

CONCLUSION

Computer networking will always be a fast and convenient means of transferring and
sharing information, but people should be aware of its consequences as well. They
should remember that often relying on this system can put them at certain risks that
can be cause by its flaws and other malfunctions.

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