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Overview and Characteristics of Java

Java was originally developed by Sun Microsystems in 1995. It has since become a popular programming language used widely for both desktop and mobile applications. Java is an object-oriented language that is designed to be platform independent, simple, secure, robust, and high-performance. Programs written in Java can run on any system that has a Java Virtual Machine, allowing Java code to run on Linux, Windows, and Macintosh platforms.

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117 views

Overview and Characteristics of Java

Java was originally developed by Sun Microsystems in 1995. It has since become a popular programming language used widely for both desktop and mobile applications. Java is an object-oriented language that is designed to be platform independent, simple, secure, robust, and high-performance. Programs written in Java can run on any system that has a Java Virtual Machine, allowing Java code to run on Linux, Windows, and Macintosh platforms.

Uploaded by

Roney. Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Overview and characteristics of Java

Java programming language was originally developed by Sun Microsystems


which was initiated by James Gosling and released in 1995 as core
component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform (Java 1.0 [J2SE]).

The latest release of the Java Standard Edition is Java SE 8. With the
advancement of Java and its widespread popularity, multiple configurations
were built to suit various types of platforms. For example: J2EE for Enterprise
Applications, J2ME for Mobile Applications.
The new J2 versions were renamed as Java SE, Java EE, and Java ME
respectively. Java is guaranteed to be Write Once, Run Anywhere.
Java is −
Object Oriented − In Java, everything is an Object. Java can be easily
extended since it is based on the Object model.
Platform Independent − Unlike many other programming languages
including C and C++, when Java is compiled, it is not compiled into
platform specific machine, rather into platform independent byte code.
This byte code is distributed over the web and interpreted by the Virtual
Machine (JVM) on whichever platform it is being run on.
Simple − Java is designed to be easy to learn. If you understand the
basic concept of OOP Java, it would be easy to master.
Secure − With Java's secure feature it enables to develop virus-free,
tamper-free systems. Authentication techniques are based on
public-key encryption.
Architecture-neutral − Java compiler generates an
architecture-neutral object file format, which makes the compiled code
executable on many processors, with the presence of Java runtime
system.
Portable − Being architecture-neutral and having no implementation
dependent aspects of the specification makes Java portable. Compiler
in Java is written in ANSI C with a clean portability boundary, which is a
POSIX subset.
Robust − Java makes an effort to eliminate error prone situations by
emphasizing mainly on compile time error checking and runtime
checking.
Multithreaded − With Java's multithreaded feature it is possible to
write programs that can perform many tasks simultaneously. This
design feature allows the developers to construct interactive
applications that can run smoothly.
Interpreted − Java byte code is translated on the fly to native machine
instructions and is not stored anywhere. The development process is
more rapid and analytical since the linking is an incremental and
light-weight process.
High Performance − With the use of Just-In-Time compilers, Java
enables high performance.
Distributed − Java is designed for the distributed environment of the
internet.
Dynamic − Java is considered to be more dynamic than C or C++
since it is designed to adapt to an evolving environment. Java
programs can carry extensive amount of run-time information that can
be used to verify and resolve accesses to objects on run-time.

Compilation and Execution of a Java


Program
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/compilation-execution-java-progr
am/

Organization of the JVM

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/jvm-works-jvm-architecture/

JVM as an interpreter and emulator

https://chortle.ccsu.edu/java5/Notes/chap05/ch05_4.html

Security Promises of the JVM:-


Here are some of the promises the Java virtual machine makes about programs
that have passed the verification algorithm:

Every object is constructed exactly once before it is used.

Every object is an instance of exactly one class, which does not change
through the life of the object.

If a field or method is marked private, then the only code that ever accesses
it is found within the class itself.

Fields and methods marked protected are used only by code that
participates in the implementation of the class.
Every local variable is initialized before it is used.

Every field is initialized before it is used.

It is impossible to underflow or overflow the stack.

It is impossible to read or write past the end of an array or before the


beginning of the array.

It is impossible to change the length of an array once it has been created.

Final methods cannot be overridden, and final classes cannot be


subclassed.

Attempts to use a null reference as the receiver of a method invocation or


source of a field cause a NullPointerException to be thrown.

The Java platform security architecture depends on all these promises and many
more. The verification algorithm, which enforces these promises, was outlined in
chapter 6. A more complete description is available in The Java Virtual Machine
Specification, chapter 4. You can check the algorithms out for yourself. Part of the
strength of the Java platform security architecture lies in the fact that many
independent reviewers have checked the algorithms

Sandbox model:-
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/sandbox-security-model/

The String Buffer Class-


https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stringbuffer-class-in-java/

throw and throws clauses,-

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/throw-throws-java/

User-defined Custom Exception in Java


https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/g-fact-32-user-defined-custom-exception
-in-java/

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