Mathematics 10

Quarter 4
Self-Learning Module 4
Measures of Position
Mathematics – Grade 10
Quarter 4 – Self-Learning Module 3: Measures of Position
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

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Mathematics 10
Quarter 4
Self-Learning Module 4
Measures of Position
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics 10 Self-Learning Module on Measures of

Position!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics 10 Self-Learning Module on Measures of

Position!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - Set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measure how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

1. Illustrate quartile of ungrouped data

2. Compute for quartiles of ungrouped data

PRETEST

Direction: Write the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.

1. The median score is also the __________.

A. 1st quartile B. 2nd quartile C. 3rd quartile D. 4th quartile

2. When a distribution is divided into four equal parts, each score point that
describes the distribution is called a __________.

A. quartile B. decile C. percentile D. mean

3. In the set of scores: 14, 17, 10, 22, 19, 24, 8, 12, and 19, the second quartile is ____.

A. 17 B. 16 C. 15 D. 13

4. How many percent are below the third quartile?

A. 10% B. 25% C. 50% D. 75%

5. Interquartile range is the difference between __________.

A. Q2 and Q1 B. Q3 and Q1 C. Q4 and Q3 D. Q3 and Q1

RECAP

Find the middle value in the set. Write the answer on the space provided.

1. −3, 4, −5, −4, 3, −1, 6 _______

2. 9, 1, 6, 8, 3, 2, 2, 4, 1, 5 _______
3. 20, 25, 35, 30, 25, 20, 40, 20, 15 _______
4. 96, 63, 70, 76, 39, 82, 95, 88 _______
5. 750, 680, 728, 800, 615,850 _______
 LESSON

The Quartile of Ungrouped Data

The quartiles are the score points which divide a distribution into four equal
parts. Twenty-five percent (25%) of the distribution are below the first quartile, fifty
percent (50%) are below the second quartile, and seventy-five percent (75%) are below
the third quartile. Q1 is called the lower quartile and Q3 is the upper quartile.
Q1<Q2<Q3, where Q2 is nothing but the median. The difference between Q 3 and Q1 is
the interquartile range.
Since the second quartile is equal to the median, the steps in the computation
of median by identifying the median class is the same as the steps in identifying the
Q1 class and the Q3 class.

Q1 Q2 Q3

a. 25% of the data has a value ≤ Q1

b. 50% of the data has a value ≤ 𝑋̃ or Q2
c. 75% of the data has a value ≤ Q3

Example 1

During the month of August, Dr. Cruz recorded the number of COVID-19
recovered patients who came out of the hospital each day. The results are 14, 10, 12,
9, 17, 5, 8, 9, 14, 10, and 11. Find the lower quartile and upper quartile of the data.

Solution:
• In increasing order, the data are 5, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 12, 14, 14, 17
• The least value in the data is 5 and the greatest value in the data is 17.
• The middle value in the data is 10.
• The lower quartile is the value that is between the middle value and the least
value in the data set.
• So, the lower quartile is 9.
• The upper quartile is the value that is between the middle value and the
greatest value in the data set.
• So, the upper quartile is 14.
Example 2

Find the average of the lower quartile and the upper quartile of the data.

Day Total Number of Infected Person in Each Day

Day 1 290
Day 2 370
Day 3 260
Day 4 180
Day 5 430

Solution:
• In increasing order, the data are 180, 260, 290, 370, 430.
• The least value of the data is 180 and the greatest value of the data is 430.
• The middle value of the data is 290.
• The lower quartile is the value that is between the least value and the middle
value.
• So, the lower quartile is 260.
• The upper quartile is the value that is between the greatest value and the
middle value.
• So, the upper quartile is 370.
• The average of the lower quartile and the upper quartile is equal to 315.

Example 3

Mendenhall and Sincich Method. Using Statistics for Engineering and the
Sciences, define a different method of finding quartile values. To apply their method
on the data set with n elements, first calculate:

1
Lower Quartile (L) = Position of Q1 = (n + 1)
4
and round to the nearest integer. If L falls halfway between two integers, round up.
The Lth element is the lower quartile value (Q1).
Next calculate:
3
Upper quartile (U) = Position of Q3 = (n + 1)
4

and round to the nearest integer. If U falls halfway between two integers, round
down. The Uth element is the upper quartile value (Q3).
So for our example data set:
{1, 3, 7, 7, 16, 21, 27, 30, 31} and n = 9.
1
To find Q1, locate its position using the formula (n + 1) and round off to
4
the nearest integer.
1
Position of Q1= (n + 1)
4
1
Q1= (9 + 1)
4
1
Q1= (10)
4

Q1= 2.5
The computed value of 2.5 becomes 3 after rounding up. The lower quartile value
(Q1) is the 3rd data element, so Q1 = 7. Similarly:
3
Position of Q3= (n + 1)
4
3
Q3= (9 + 1)
4
3
Q3= (10)
4

Q3= 7.5
The computed value of 7.5 becomes 7 after rounding down. The upper quartile
value (Q3) is the 7th data element, so Q3 = 27.

Example 4
Find the first quartile (Q1), second quartile (Q2), and the third quartile (Q3),
given the scores of 10 students in their Mathematics activity using Linear
Interpolation.
1 27 16 7 31 7 30 3 21

Solution:
a. First, arrange the scores in increasing order.
1 3 7 7 16 21 27 30 31

b. Second, locate the position of the score in the distribution.

1
Position of Q1= (n + 1)
4
1
Q1= (9 + 1)
4
1
Q1= (10)
4

Q1= 2.5

Since the result is a decimal number, interpolation is needed.

c. Third, interpolate the value to obtain the 1st quartile.
 Steps of Interpolation

Step 1: Subtract the 2nd data from the 3rd data.

7–3=4
Step 2: Multiply the result by the decimal part obtained in the second step

(Position of Q1).

4 (0.5) = 2
Step 3: Add the result in step 2, to the 2nd or smaller number.

3+2=5

Therefore, the value of Q1 = 5.

Solution:
a. First, arrange the scores in increasing order.

1 3 7 7 16 21 27 30 31

b. Second, locate the position of the score in the distribution.

3
Position of Q3= (n + 1)
4
3
Q3= (9 + 1)
4
3
Q3= (10)
4

Q3= 7.5
Since the result is a decimal number, interpolation is needed.

c. Third, interpolate the value to obtain the 3rd quartile.

Steps of Interpolation

Step 1: Subtract the 7th data from the 8th data.

30 – 27 = 3

Step 2: Multiply the result by the decimal part obtained in the third step

(Position of Q3).
3 (0.5) = 1.5

Step 3: Add the result in step 2, 1.5, to the 7th or smaller number.

27 + 1.5 = 28.5
Therefore, the value of Q3 = 28.5

Note: As we can see, these methods sometimes (but no always) produce the
same results.
 ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE

Given set 𝐴 = {15, 19, 23, 25, 37, 39, 43}. Find the following

a. lower quartile
b. upper quartile
c. interquartile range of the data set

ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING

In a mathematics class, the scores of 10 students in their Mathematics
are the following:

4 9 7 14 10 8 12 15 6 11

Find the first quartile (Q1), second quartile (Q2) and the third quartile (Q3),
using Linear Interpolation.

ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF

Direction: Find the lower and upper quartiles of the death cases using Linear
Interpolation.

(Data based on cases reported with official results and verified to be Pasig City
residents as of August 27, 2020)
 WRAP–UP

Quartile of Ungrouped Data

a. Quartiles are the score points which divide a distribution into four equal
parts.
b. To compute for quartiles use Mendenhall and Sincich Method.
𝑘
Position of Qk= (n + 1)
4

VALUING

Reflection: (Journal Writing)

Every academic year is subdivided into four quarters. List down some
reasons why subdivision of academic year is necessary.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

POSTTEST

Direction: Write the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.

1. What is the Q1 in the set 44, 21, 59, 64, 74, 57, 69, 38, 40, 27, and 81?

A. 27 B. 38 C. 40 D. 44
2. Find the median in the set of scores: 121, 112, 102, 108, 106, 116

A. 106 B. 108 C. 110 D. 116

3. The interquartile range of the set of scores 111, 102, 92, 98, 96, 107, and 84
is __________.

A. 6 B. 15 C. 198 D. 199
4. In the set 13, 11, 10, 12, 14, 9, 11, 8, 11, 7, and 10 the upper quartile is ___

A. 11 B. 12 C. 13 D. 14
5. Using Linear Interpolation, what is the position of the third quartile in the
set 3, 6, 5, 4, 2, 4, 3, 2, 6, and 2?

A. 6th B. 7th C. 8th D. 9th

 KEY TO CORRECTION

PRETEST RECAP
D 5. 739 5.
D 4. 79 4.
A 3. 25 3.
A 2. 3.5 2.
B 1. −1 1.

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1 ACTIVITY 2
Interquartile Range = 20 Q3 = 12
Upper Quartile = 39 Q2 = 9.5

Lower Quartile = 19 Q1 = 7

ACTIVITY 3 POSTTEST
C 5.
Upper Quartile = 8
A 4.
Lower Quartile = 3 B 3.
C 2.
B 1.

REFERENCES

Callanta, Melvin. et al., Mathematics Learner’s Module 10. Pasig City, Metro Manila:
Department of Education., 2015

Oronce, Orlando and Marilyn Mendoza., E – Math 10: Worktext in Mathematics.

Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc., 2017

Oronce, Orlando and Marilyn Mendoza., E – Math 7: Worktext in Mathematics.

Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc., 2015

Pasig PIO post about the number of Covid-19 cases in Pasig City.
https://www.facebook.com/PasigPIO/photos/pcb.1807761849382925/180
7761402716303 (accessed August 27, 2020).