GUEVARRA, Lian Julia A.

CE161P-2/A21 December 5, 2020

CE-3/2017100111 Plate 1: Soil Composition Engr. Maria Virginia Cabalag

1. The moist unit weight of a soil is 19.2 kN/m3. Given that Gs = 2.69 and water content is 9.8%.
Determine:

a.) Dry unit weight b.) Void Ratio

𝛾 G ∙ 𝛾w
𝛾𝑑 = 𝛾d =
1+𝜔 1+e
(2.69)(10)
19.2 𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 17.48 =
𝛾𝑑 = 1+e
1 + 0.098
𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟑𝟖
𝜸𝒅 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟒𝟖𝟔𝟑 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟑

m
er as
c.) Porosity d.) Degree of Saturation

co
eH w
𝑒 𝑠𝑒 = 𝜔𝐺
\
𝑛=

o.
1+𝑒 𝑠(0.5383) = (0.098)(2.69)

rs e 𝑠 = 0.4897
ou urc
0.5383
𝑛=
1 + 0.5383 𝒔 = 𝟒𝟗%

𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟒𝟗𝟗
o
aC s
vi y re

2. The unit weight of soil is 15.1kN/m3. The moisture content of this soil is 17% when the degree
of saturation is 60%. Determine the following:
ed d

a.) Void Ratio b.) Specific Gravity of Soil

ar stu

𝑠𝑒 = 𝜔𝐺
𝐺 + 𝑆𝑒
(0.6)𝑒 = (0.17)(2.0974) 𝛾 = 𝛾𝑤
1+𝑒
is

𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟗𝟒𝟑
(𝐺 + 0.17(𝐺))
15.1 = (9.81)
Th

17
1 + ( 𝐺)
60

c.) Void Ratio 𝑮 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟗𝟕𝟒

sh

(𝐺𝑆 + 𝑒)𝛾𝑤
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 =
1+𝑒

(2.0974 + 0.5934)(9.81)
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 =
1 + 0.5943

𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟓𝟓𝟕

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 3. A sand with Gs = 2.66 and void ratio e = 0.60 is completely dry. It then becomes wetted by a
rising groundwater table. Compute the unit weight in kN/m3 under the following conditions:

a.) When the sand is 40% saturated.

c.) When the sand is completely dry.
𝐺 (𝐺𝑠 + 𝑒𝑠𝑟 )𝛾𝑤
𝛾𝑑 = 𝛾𝑤 𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 =
1+𝑒 1+𝑒
2.66 (2.66 + (0.6 × 0.4))(9.81)
𝛾𝑑 = (9.81) 𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 =
1 + 0.6 1 + 0.6

𝜸𝒅 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟑𝟎𝟗𝟏 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟑 𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟕𝟖𝟎𝟔 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟑

b.) When the sand is completely saturated.

(𝐺𝑠 + 𝑒𝑠𝑟 )𝛾𝑤

m
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 =

er as
1+𝑒

co
(2.66 + (0.6 × 1))(9.81)

eH w
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 =
1 + 0.6

o.
𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕 = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟗𝟖𝟕𝟗 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟑
rs e
ou urc
4. The moist weight of 0.0057 m3 of a soil is 102.6 N. The moisture content and the specific gravity
o

of soil solids are determined in the laboratory to be 11% and 2.7, respectively. Calculate the
aC s

following:
vi y re

c.) Moist Unit Weight b.) Dry unit weight.

𝛾𝑏
ed d

102.6 𝛾𝑑 =
𝛾𝑏 = 𝑁/𝑚3 (1 + 𝜔)
ar stu

0.0057
18000 18
𝛾𝑏 = 𝛾𝑑 =
1000 (1 + 0.11)
is

𝜸𝒃 = 𝟏𝟖 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟑 𝜸𝒅 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟐𝟏𝟔𝟐 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟑

Th

a.) Void Ratio

𝐺 ∙ 𝛾𝑤
𝛾𝑑 =
sh

1+𝑒

2.7 × 9.81
16.2162 =
1+𝑒

𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟑𝟑𝟒

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 e.) Porosity d.) Degree of Saturation
𝑒 𝑠𝑒 = 𝜔𝐺𝑠
𝑛=
1+𝑒
𝑠(0.6334) = (0.11)(2.7)
0.6334
𝑛= 𝒔 = 𝟒𝟕%
1 + 0.6334
𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝟕𝟖

5. The dry density of a sand with a porosity of 0.387 is 1600 kg/m3 . Determine the following

c.) Void ratio. a.) Specific Gravity of soil

𝑒 𝐺𝜌𝑤
𝑛= 𝜌𝑑 =
1+𝑒 1+𝑒

m
𝑒

er as
0.387 = 𝐺(1000)
1+𝑒 1600 =

co
1 + 0.6313

eH w
𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟑𝟏𝟑 𝑮𝒔 = 𝟐. 𝟔𝟏 𝒌𝒈/𝒎𝟑

o.
rs e b.) Saturated unit weight of soil in 𝑘𝑁/𝑚3
ou urc
(𝐺𝑠 + 𝑒)𝛾𝑤
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 =
1+𝑒
o

(2.61 + 0.6313)(9.81)
aC s

𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 =
1 + 0.6313
vi y re

𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕 = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟒𝟗𝟏𝟗 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟑

ed d
ar stu

6. For a given sandy soil, emax = 0.75, emax= 0.46 and Gs = 2.68. If the relative density of the soil
Dr = 78% and its water content is 9%, determine the following:
is

b.) In situ void ratio a.) Moist unit weight of compaction

𝑒 = 𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝐷𝑟 (𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑛 ) 𝐺𝑠 𝛾𝑤
Th

𝛾𝑑 =
1+𝑒
𝑒 = 0.75 − (0.78)(0.75 − 0.46)
(2.68)(9.81)
𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟐𝟑𝟖 𝛾𝑑 =
1 + 0.5238
sh

𝜸𝒅 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟐𝟓𝟑𝟒 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟑

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 7. A loose, uncompacted sand fill 1.8 m. depth has a relative density of 40% Laboratory tests
indicated that the minimum and maximum void ratios of the sand are 0.46 and 0.90
respectively. Specific gravity of the solids of the sand is 2.65.

a.) Determine the void ratio of the sand b.) What is the dry unit weight of the sand?
having a relative density of 40%. 𝐺
𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑒 𝛾𝑑 = 𝛾𝑤
1+𝑒
𝐷𝑟 =
𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑛 2.65
𝛾𝑑 = (9.81)
0.90 − 𝑒 1 + 0.724
0.4 =
0.90 − 0.46 𝜸𝒅 = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟎𝟕𝟗𝟐 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟑
𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟐𝟒

m
er as
c.) If the sand is compacted to a relative

co
density of 75%, what is the decrease in

eH w
the thickness of the 1.8 m. fill? Dry weight after compaction:

o.
rs e 𝑊 = (𝛾𝑑1 )(𝛼)(𝑡1 )
ou urc
𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑒 Dry weight before compaction:
𝐷𝑟 =
𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑊 = (𝛾𝑑 )(𝛼)(𝑡)
0.90 − 𝑒
o

0.75 = (𝛾𝑑1 )(𝛼)(𝑡1 ) = (𝛾𝑑 )(𝛼)(𝑡)

0.90 − 0.46
aC s

𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟕
vi y re

(16.5583)(𝑡1 ) = (15.0792)(1.8)
𝐺 𝒕𝟏 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟑𝟗𝟐 𝒎
𝛾𝑑1 = 𝛾𝑤
1+𝑒
ed d

2.65
𝛾𝑑1 = (9.81)
1 + 0.57
ar stu

𝜸𝒅𝟏 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟓𝟓𝟖𝟑 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟑

is
Th
sh

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 8. For a sandy soil, the following are given: emax = 0.66, emin = 0.36 and K at a relative density of
90% = 0.008 cm/sec. Determine the value of K at a relative density of 50%.

e1 3
e1 = emax − (emax − emin )Dr k1 1 + e1
=
e1 = 0.66 − (0.66 − 0.36)(0.90) k2 e2 3
1 + e2
e1 = 0.39
(0.39)3
e2 = emax − (emax − emin )Dr 0.008 1 + 0.39
=
k2 (0.51)3
e2 = 0.66 − (0.66 − 0.36)(0.50) 1 + 0.51
e2 = 0.51 𝒌𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟔𝟓 𝒄𝒎/𝒔𝒆𝒄

9. The moist unit of 0.00283 m3 of soil is 54.4 N. If the moisture content is 12% and the specific

m
er as
gravity of soil solids is 2.72, determine the following:

co
eH w
a.) Moist unit weight b.) Dry unit weight
𝛾moist

o.
54.4 × 10-3 𝛾d =
𝛾moist =
rs e
28.3 × 10-4
1+𝜔
ou urc
𝜸𝒎𝒐𝒊𝒔𝒕 = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟐𝟐 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟑 19.22
𝛾d =
1 + 0.12
o

𝜸𝒅 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟏𝟔 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟑
aC s

c.) Void ratio

vi y re

G ∙ 𝛾w d.) Porosity
𝛾d =
1+e e
𝑛=
1+e
(2.72)(9.81)
ed d

17.16 = 0.55
1+e 𝑛=
ar stu

1 + 0.55
𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟓 𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓
is

e.) Degree of Saturation

Th

se = 𝜔G
𝑠(0.55) = (0.12)(2.72)
sh

𝒔 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟗

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 10. For a saturated soil, the following are given: water content = 23%, Gs = 2.67. determine the
following:

se = 𝜔G

(0.7)e = (0.23)(2.67)
b.) Dry unit weight
𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟕𝟕
G ∙ 𝛾w
a.) Saturated unit weight 𝛾d =
1+e
(𝐺 + 𝑒)𝛾w (2.67)(9.81)
𝛾sat = 𝛾d =
1+e 1 + 0.877
(2.67 + 0.877)(9.81) 𝜸𝒅 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟗𝟓 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟑
𝛾sat =
1 + 0.877

m
𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕 = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟓𝟒 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟑

er as
co
eH w
c.) Moist unit weight when the degree of saturation

o.
becomes 70%
rs e
ou urc
(G + es)𝛾w
𝛾bulk =
1+e
(2.67 + (0.59)(0.877))(9.81)
o

𝛾bulk =
1 + 0.877
aC s
vi y re

𝜸bulk = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟔𝟔 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟑

ed d
ar stu
is
Th
sh

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 11. A saturated soil has moisture content of 38% and a specific gravity of 2.73.

a.) Compute the void ratio b.) Compute the porosity

e
se = 𝜔G 𝑛=
(1)e = (0.38)(2.73) 1+e
𝒆 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟒 1.04
𝑛=
1 + 1.04
𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟏

c.) Compute the moist unit weight in kN/m3 of this soil.

(G + es)𝛾w
𝛾bulk =
1+e
(2.73 + (1)(1.04))(9.81)
𝛾bulk =

m
1 + 1.04

er as
𝜸bulk = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟏𝟑 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟑

co
eH w
o.
rs e
12. A sample of sand above the water table was found to have a natural moisture content of 15 per
ou urc
cent and a unit weight of 120 pcf. Laboratory tests on a dried sample indicated values of emin =
0.50 and emax = 0.85 for the densest and loosest states respectively.
o
aC s

a.) Compute the void ratio b.) Compute the degree of saturation
vi y re

𝑒𝑠 = 0.15 𝑥 2.65 𝑒𝑠 = 0.15 𝑥 2.65

𝑒𝑠 = 0.3975 (0.585)𝑠 = 0.3975

𝒔 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕𝟗𝟓 ≈ 𝟔𝟕. 𝟗𝟓%
ed d

(𝐺 + 𝑒𝑠)𝛶𝑤
ϒ =
ar stu

1 + e
(2.65 + 0.3975)(62.43) c.) Compute density index
120 =
1+ e emax − e
ID = × 100
is

1 + 𝑒 = 1.585 emax − emin

0.85 − 0.585
Th

𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟖𝟓 ID = × 100
0.85 − 0.50
𝑰𝑫 = 𝟕𝟓. 𝟕𝟏𝟒%
sh

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 13. A granular soil (sand) was tested in the laboratory and was found to have maximum and
minimum void ratios of 0.84 and 0.38 respectively. The sp. gr. of the soil is 2.65. if the moisture
content is 9% and its moist unit weight is 18.64 kN/m3 .

b.) Void ratio

a.) Dry unit weight
𝛾 G ∙ 𝛾w
𝛾d = 𝛾d =
1+𝜔 1+e

18.64 (2.65)(9.81)
𝛾d = 17.101 =
1 + 0.09 1+e

𝜸𝒅 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟏𝟎𝟏 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟑 𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟐

m
er as
c.) Compute density index

co
emax − e

eH w
ID = × 100
emax − emin

o.
0.84 − 0.52
rs e ID = × 100
ou urc
0.84 − 0.38
𝑰𝑫 = 𝟔𝟗. 𝟓𝟔%
o
aC s
vi y re
ed d
ar stu
is
Th
sh

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 14. A granular soil located in a borrow pit is found to have an in place dry density of 1895 kg/m3 . In
the laboratory, values of dry maximum density and minimum density are determined as 2100
kg/m3 and 1440 kg/m3 respectively.

a.) Compute the relative density of the soil in b.) Compute the void ratio of the soil in natural
borrow pit condition if the maximum and minimum densities
1 1 indicate void ratios of 0.28 at the max. density and
𝛾min − 𝛾 0.92 at minimum density.
ID = × 100
1 1
−
𝛾min 𝛾max emax − e
ID = × 100
1 1 emax − emin
1440 −
ID = 1895 × 100
1 1 0.92 − e
76.39 = × 100
1440 − 2100 0.92 − 0.28
𝑰𝑫 = 𝟕𝟔. 𝟑𝟗% 𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟑𝟏𝟏

m
er as
c.) Compute the specific gravity of this soil.

co
eH w
Gs ∙ 𝛾w
𝛾d =
1+e

o.
rs e 1895 =
(Gs )(1000)
ou urc
1 + 0.4311
𝒆 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟏
o
aC s

15. A cubic meter of soil in its natural state weighs 17.75 kN; after being dried, it weighs 15.08 kN.
vi y re

The specific gravity of the soil is 2.70.

a.) Compute the moisture content b.) Compute the dry unit weight
Ws
ed d

Ww 𝛾d =
𝜔= V
ar stu

Ws
15.08
17.75 − 15.08 𝛾d =
𝜔= × 100 1
15.08
is

𝜸𝒅 = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟎𝟖 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟑
𝝎 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟕𝟎%
Th

c.) Compute the void ratio

sh

Gs ∙ 𝛾w
𝛾d =
1+e
(2.7)(9.81)
15.08 =
1+e
𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓𝟔

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