Hamro Purushartha 85

à jif{ M $& à c° M @ à ;Dk"0ff{° M *% à df3–r}t, @)&^
;Dkfbs
zlz kGyL
;x–;Dkfbs
bLg kGyL
;xfos ;Dkfbs
e'jgk|;fb cof{n
;xof]uL d08n
uf]kfn kGyL
/fwf kGyL
lxdsnf /fgf
O{Zj/ lj=s=
ls/0f k':tsfno
tD3f;, u'NdL -kmf]g M )&(–%@)@*&_
;Dks{ kmf]g g+= M )&(–%@)@^), %@)$*#_
df]]=g+= M (*%!!$**)&, (&$&))@)&(
E-mail : hamropurushartha@gmail.com, shashipanthi9@gmail.com
Website : www.kiranpustakalaya.com
sDKo'6/ ;]l6Ë M O{Zj/ lj=s=

d'b|s M ;'lznf lk|06;{, u'NdL )&(–%@)$%)
E-mail : spgulmi 33@yahoo.com
cfj/0f k[i7 M dxfdf/Laf6 hf]lug ;fdflhs b"/Lsf] ;°]t

xfd|f] k'/miffy{–*% i
uf]kfn kGyL
8f= b'uf{k|;fb cof{n kmf]g g+= 9857033338
kmf]g g+= 01-4820597 /m/m zdf{
8f= nIdLsfGt kGyL kmf]g g+= 9847093011
kmf]g g+= 01-4820221
sljtf kGyL
uf]ljGbk|;fb kf]v/]n kmf]g g+= 9847033924
kmf]g g+= 9841849666
dfwj uf}td
efg'eQm d/fl;gL kmf]g g+= 9851013281
kmf]g g+= 9841713336
w'|j/fh kGyL
kmf]g g+= 014278651
k"0f{k|;fb clwsf/L
s[i0fk|;fb e08f/L‘d'd'If'’ kmf]g g+= 056-528160
kmf]g g+= 9856032477
ch'{gk|;fb e§/fO{
kmf]g g+= 9868630461
sdn vqL
kmf]g g+= 984730908
zª\s/ 1jfnL
kmf]g g+= 9856031444
8f= uf]kfnk|;fb zdf{ z+s/k|;fb zf:qL

s]= @@÷!* k~ruËf3f6 u9L s]G6, 3'Rr'kfgL /f]8, cgf/jfnf
jf/f0f;L, pQ/k|b]z, ef/t b]x/fb"g, pQ/fv08, ef/t
kmf]g g+= 00918005311072 kmf]g g+= 00919997207484
dx]Gb|s'df/ nD;fn lji0f' zdf{

n]gsf:6/ :6«L6–@@ kL= 8An"= 8L= sf]nf]gL
l;8\gL, c:6«]lnof l8km", saL{, P·nf]Ë, cf;fd, ef/t
kmf]g g+= 061412001769 kmf]g g+= 00913671273185
xl/gf/fo0f ;fksf]6f
&!(–;]d]sf Pe]Go", ! cf/, l/ha'8, SjLG;, lhKsf]8–!!#*%, Go"of]s{, cd]l/sf
kmf]g g+= 1-347-510-2771
ii xfd|f] k'/miffy{–*%
sf]/f]gfsf] sx/
à Pp6f dxfJoyf, Pp6f dxfdf/Lsf] qf;bLaf6 ljZj q:Q
ePsf] 5 clxn] . dxfrLgaf6 k|s6 ePsf] sf]lj8–!( sf]/f]gf
efO/;n] clxn] ljZjdfgjnfO{ lk/f]n]sf] 5, cft+lst
t'NofPsf] 5 . o;n] clxn] s/f]8f}+nfO{ q:t agfPsf] 5,
nfvf}+nfO{ u|:t agfPsf] 5 / xhf/f}+nfO{ d[To'sf] d'vdf
ws]n]sf] 5 .
à rLgb]lv o"/f]k–cd]l/sf;Dd sf]l/of hfkfg ef/t / c/asf]
vf8L;Dd sf]/f]gfsf] sx/ JofKt 5 . sfn;k{ em}+ km0ff
p7fP/ sf]/f]gf dfgj hfltdfly cfqmfds ag]sf] 5 .
sf]/f]gfn] ljZjnfO{ g} eoeLt / c:tJo:t agfPsf] 5 .
eoeLt 5f}+ xfdL klg . vt/fdf 5f}+ xfdL klg .
à ljsl;t / ;fwg;DkGg /fi6«x?nfO{ ;d]t cTofPsf] sf]/f]gf
xfd|f]df k:of] eg] pTkft dlRrg ;S5 . xfdL ;fwgxLg 5f}+ .
cg'zf;gn], w}o{n], dGqann], cf}ifwn], cfr/0fn] xfdL
sf]/f]gf;Fu ;fdgf ug'{k5{ .
à sf]/f]gfsf] sfn;k{n] km}nfPsf] ljifn] clxn] ;+;f/nfO{
hnfO/x]5 . k|frLg sfndf sfns"6 h:tf ljifx? lg:s]/
;+;f/nfO{ lk/f]n]sf lyP . nf]ssNof0ffy{ lzjn] lkPy]
sfns"6 gLns07 ag]/ . xfdL gLns07sf] wfddf 5f+} .
hut\sf] /Iff u/ gLns07 Û
à cf jft jflx e]ifh+ lj jft jflx ob|kM
Tj+ lx ljZje]ifh b]jfgf+ b"t O{o;] . – cyj{j]b .
x] jfo' Û cf}iflwsf yf]kfx? p8fP/ Nofpm Û ltdL ljZjsf
cf}ifw xf} / b]jtfsf b"t xf} .
–)))–
xfd|f] k'/miffy{–*% iii

s'6'/f] km'sfp“bf
slt < s] < s;sf] sxfF <
!= hxfF hxfF ef/tLo ;Eotfsf] k|efjÉ dx]z/fh kGt !
@= dxfef/tsL Ps c;fwf/0f gf/L É k|f=8f= afa'/fd 1jfnL !)
#= 8f= wg]Zj/ e§/fO{sf] b]jsf]6fsf É k"0f{k|;fb clwsf/L !%
$= slj k+= eLdsfGt kGyL / pxfFsf] É 8f= e]if/fh cof{n @$
%= Kf'is/ cys /]UdLsf] afnu]8LÉ 6+sk|;fb kGy #)
^= uLt dgaxfb'/ vqL #^
&= dfG5] s;/L ;j{>]i7df bl/of] < kGyL /fdk|;fb #&
*= 8fo:kf]/fsf] cfFlv‰ofnaf6 É 8f= z+s/k|;fb u}/] $)
(= lzj kf}8\ofnsf] cd/ kmn rfVbf 8f= Zofdk|;fb Gof}kfg] $*
!)= g]kfnL efiffdf ;fj{ef}ldstfsf] k|Zg g]qgf/fo0f zdf{ %%
!!= sf6]sf] 3fpdf /d]z uf}td …kfNkfnLÚ %*
!@= af/L afFem} 5 Û xl/k|;fb kGyL ^)
!#= km}lnFb} 5 …x'l66ØfpFsf] dgÚsf] dxs 5lj 1jfnL ^@
!$= efjgf u0f]zk'0o >]i7 &$
!%= jf0fL ljsf; / k9fO ;Lk É pQ/s'df/ k/fh'nL &%
!^= ;ft} /Ë geO{ OGb]|gL sxfF aG5 / < u0f]z 1jfnL *%
!&= zxLbsf] ;Demgf lznf kGt ()
!*= dlxnf /fHo s[i0f ahufO{+ (!
!(= hLjgsf If0fdf gf/b uf}td (@
:yfoL :tDex?
!= ;DkfbsLo ;Dkfbs iii
@= e]63f6 8f= ch'{gk|;fb e§/fO{ !
#= k':tsfno kl/ro z+s/ of]uL (#
$= ls/0f k':tsfnosf] kftf] ;lrj (&
%= gf}nf] ;[li6 M ;fgf] b[li6 cls~rg ((
^= otfptfaf6 lr/~hLjL zdf{ !)$
&= kf7s–k|ltlqmof cl:dtf e';fn !)%
*= ls/0f k':tsfnosf ljlzi6÷cfhLjg ;b:osf] kl/ro !)^
)))
iv xfd|f] k'/miffy{–*%
e]63f6–*^
hxfF hxfF ef/tLo ;Eotfsf] k|efj

k/Øf], Tof] a'‰g ;+:s[t efiff /
jfª\do ckl/xfo{ 5 .
 dx]z/fh kGt
->L dx]z/fh kGtsf] hGd lj=;+= @))! ;fnsf] ebf} $ ut] sf7df8f}+df
ePsf] lyof] . pxfFn] s'g} k|sf/sf] cf}krfl/s lzIff glnO{ cfkm\g} lktf :j=
go/fh kGtn] :yfkgf u/]sf] cfkm\g} 9Ësf] kf7zfnfaf6 c;fwf/0f lzIff
k|fKt ug'{ePsf] lyof] . g]kfnL, ;+:s[t, cª\u|]hL, lxGbL, g]jf/L, k|m]Gr, hd{g
cflb efiffsf 1ftf dx]z/fh kGtsf g]kfnL / cª\u|]hL efiffdf ! bh{geGbf
a9L k':tsx? k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ . pxfFn] hd{gLsf] xØfDju{
ljZjljBfnoaf6 ;+:s[t zAbsf]if cd/sf]ifsf] 6Lsfdf ljBfjfl/lw ug'{ePsf]
5 . ;+:s[t / ;+:s[ltljb\ kGtn] ^%) eGbf a9L zf]wn]v n]Vg'sf ;fy}
ljBfjfl/lwsf cg]sf}+ zf]wfyL{x?sf zf]wk|aGwsf] lgb]{zs, ljz]if1 eO{ sfo{
ug'{ePsf] 5 . pxfF vf]hd"ns …k"l0f{dfÚ klqsfsf] :yfkgfsfnb]lv jt{dfg;Dd
;Dkfbs eO{ g]kfnL efiff / Oltxf;sf] ;+zf]wgdf dxÎjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'/ØfpFb}
cfO/xg'ePsf] 5 . pxfF;Fu xfd|f] k'/miffy{sf k|ltlglw >L ch'{gk|;fb e§/fO{n]
e]6 u/L s]xL lh1f;fx? /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . cGtjf{tf{sf/ e§/fO{n] …dx]z
u'/msf] cGtjf{tf{sf k|Zgx?Ú egL lbPsf k|Zgx?sf] pQ/ oxfF k|:t't ul/Psf]
5 . –;Dkfbs_
!= xh'/sf] hGd afNosfn / lzIff cfh{gsf af/]df ;+If]kdf atfOlbg'xf];\
g.
à ;aeGbf klxn] t xfd|f] efiffdf rn]sf …cGtjf{tf{Ú h:tf c;+:s[t
zAbsf] ljifodf d s]xL af]N5' . cª\u|]hL international /
interview h:tf zAbdf k/]sf k"j{kb ‰jf§ x]bf{ ;+:s[t h:tf] b]lvg]
pNyf cGt/f{li6«o / cGtjf{tf{ h:tf zAb rnfOPsf]df dnfO{ 3f]/
xfd|f] k'/miffy{–*% 1
cfklQ 5 . cGtM zAbsf] cy{ leq x'g] x'gfn] o:tf zAbn] ljjlIft
cy{ lb+b}g . o;}n] international nfO{ ;fj{b]lzs / interview nfO{
s'/fsfgL eg]sf] v08df eGg vf]h]sf] s'/f :ki6 x'G5 h:tf] nfU5 .
csf],{ ax'jrgdf k|of]u ePsf] ck|fl0fjfrs zAb To; zAbeGbf cufl8
cfPsf] csf]{ zAbaf6 Tof] ;+1f ax'jrgdf k|of]u ePsf] /x]5 eGg]
a'lemg] x'gfn] oxfFn] dfly n]v]sf] dx]z u'/msf] cGtjf{tf{sf k|Zgx?df
x? x6fpg}k5{ . o; ljifodf d}n] clxn]eGbf ( dxLgfcufl8
n]lv;s]sf]n] ToxL x]g{ oxfFnfO{ cfu|x u5'{ . -@)&^.@.!@.! df g]kfn
;fKtflxs klqsf, !( jif{ $@ c°sf $@–$# k[i7df k|sflzt k|1f–
k|lti7fgdf jËaGw'_ .
afNo zAbn] g} clek|]t cy{ a'emfpg] x'gfn] To;df sfn hf]8\g'kb}{g,
To;}n] klxnf] k|Zgdf k/]sf] afNosfn zAbdf klg d ;Gt'i6 5}g .
ch{g zAbsf] cy{df xfd|f] efiffdf cfh{g zAb rn]sf]n] To;nfO{ tb\ej
dfGg ;lsg] ePsf]n] cfh{gsf] ljifodf d]/f] Tolt lalb ljk|ltklQ 5}g .
ca k|s[t ljifotk{m nfu"F . d]/f] hGd lj=;+= @))! efb|z'SnlåtLofsf]
lbg ebf} $ ut] ePsf] xf] . d]/f] afnssfn !) jif{sf] pd]/df ePsf]
dft[ljof]uafx]s ;fdfGo g} lyof] . t/, d}n] kfPsf] lzIff c;fwf/0f
lyof] . e/v/} d}n] Ps 7fpFdf af]n] h:t} d]/f] lzIffbLIff nfvf}+nfv
g]kfnLsf] eGbf leGg} lsl;dn] eof] -@)&^.!!.$.! df cGgk"0f{ c+s'/, !
jif{ %! c°sf] !^ k[i7df k|sflzt k9\g] ;+:sf/ a;fnf}+_ .
@= u'/m go/fh kGtn] cfw'lgs lzIff k|0ffnLk|lt c;xdlt /fVb} k|frLg
u'/ms'nLo k4ltcg';f/sf] k7gkf7g x'g'k5{ eg]/ cfkm\g} u'/ms'nLo
k4ltcg';f/sf] kf7zfnf vf]n]sf] a'lemG5 . ;f]xL kf7zfnfdf cWoog
u/]sf ljBfyL{x? cfh b]zs} k|ltli7t n]vs / ljrf/sx? ag]sf klg
5g\ . cfw'lgs lzIff k4ltsf] ljz]if u/L s'g s'/fdf u'/m go/fh
kGtsf] c;xdlt lyof] < s:tf] p2]Zo /fv]/ u'/mn] 5'§} lsl;dsf]
kf7zfnfsf] :yfkgf ug'{ePsf] a'‰g'ePsf] 5 < pxfFsf] lzio / k'q b'a}
ePsf]n] o; af/]df s]xL k|sfz kfl/lbg'x'G5 ls <
à tkfO+{n] eg] h:t}, d]/f a'af go/fh kGtn] jt{dfg lzIffk|0ffnLk|lt
c;xdlt /fVb} cfkm\g} 9Ësf] kf7zfnf vf]Ng'ePsf] lyof] . d}n] d"ntM
ToxL kf7zfnfdf k9]sf] x'F . t/, xfd|f] lzIffk4lt u'/ms'nLo
k4ltcg';f/sf] egL w]/}n] ;Dem]sf 5g\ . tkfO{Fsf] wf/0ff klg ToxL
/x]5 . u'/ms'nLo k4ltdf wfld{s /Ë r9]sf] x'G5 egL elg/xg'
gknf{ . d}n] cGt n]v] h:t}, u'/ms'n eGg]lalQs} To:tf] kf7zfnfdf
2 xfd|f] k'/miffy{–*%
wd{;DaGwL ljlwljwfg ToxfF k9\g] k9fpg]n] cjZo} ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . xfd|f]
kf7zfnfdf eg] To:tf] ljlwljwfgsf] b'D;f] klg lyPg . laxfg eft
vfO{ !) ah] k9\g uof], $ ah] 3/ kmSof]{, a; . xfd|f] kf7zfnfsf]
lgodfjnL cyf{t\ xfd|f] p2]Zo / sfo{k|0ffnLdf klg To; kf7zfnfsf]
;Gbe{df u'/ms'n zAbsf] k|of]u sxLF ePsf] 5}g . o; sf/0f u'/ms'n
zAbn] xfd|f] kf7zfnfsf] :j?k a'emfpg ;Sb}g -@)^) df sf7df8f}+af6
cfud k|sfzgåf/f k|sflzt, u'xgfy kf}8]nsf] cf}F;Lsf] /ftdf 5flkPsf]
d]/f] cf}F;Lsf] /ft k9\bf, # k[i7_ . csf]{ zAbdf eGg'kbf{,
;+:s[tkf7zfnf cfWoflTds ?ksf] x'g}kg]{df xfd|f] kf7zfnf eg]
P]xnf}lss cyf{t\ cfhef]lnsf] efiffdf eGbf wd{lg/k]If lyof] .
cfk"mn] k|rlnt lzIffk4ltcg';f/ lzIff kfPsf] x'Fbf x'Fb} klg To;
k4ltdf ePsf] vfdL;Fu a'af k"/f hflgkmsf/ x'g'ePsf]n] To; k4ltdf
/x]sf sdLsdhf]/L x6fpg Tof] kf7zfnf pxfFn] v8f ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
egf}F ls, kf7Øj:t'sf] t[tLof+z pkl:yt u/] klg k9fO k"/f ePsf]
7flgg] x'gfn] ljBfyL{sfnkl5 sfo{If]qdf plqFbf To; vl08t
lzIffk4ltn] /fd|f] sfd gu/]sf] b]lvPsf]n] a'afn] Tof] sbd
p7fpg'ePsf] lyof] . To;dfly, ;+:s[tsf ljBfyL{df w]/yf]/ u|Gy k9Øf],
Toltn] g} sfd rnfof], cfk"mn] k9]sf] ljBfsf] dLdf+;f ug]{ /
P]ltxfl;s b[li6n] To;tk{m x]g]{ k/Dk/f lyPg . ptf cª\u|]hL k9\g]
ljBfyL{sf] klg cj:yf t To:t} xf], t/ pgLx?nfO{ dLdf+;fsf] /
P]ltxfl;s b[li6sf] yf]/} kl/ro lbg] rng lyof] . Oltxf;s} k9fOsf]
s'/f u/mF . g]kfndf cª\u|]hL lzIff rn]kl5 Oltxf;sf] klg k9fO
rNof], Oltxf;sf] tof/L k':tsaf6 sfd rnfOof], t/ Oltxf;sf cfs/
cyf{t\ ;|f]tsf] cfwf/df cfk"mn] k9]sf] k':tssf] k/v ug{ ;Sg]
k'/mif;Dkt\ cyf{t\ cfhef]lnsf] efiffdf hgzlQm lg:s]g .
lqe'jgljZjljBfno v'n]sf] ^) jif{ gfl3;Sof] . ToxfFaf6
Oltxf;ljifodf r"8fGt kfl08To xfl;n u/L xhf/f}F ljBfyL{ lgl:s;s] .
t/ k|frLg clen]v k9\g ;Sg] / To;sf] cy{ ug{ ;Sg] Ps hgf
ljBfyL{ klg ljZjljBfnon] lgsfNg ;s]sf] 5}g . xfd|f] kf7zfnfn]
ljBfsf y/L y/L xfFuflaFufdf sfd ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf] lyof], b]z, sfn
/ l:yltn] ubf{ c? ljifodf Tolt sfd ug{ g;s] klg g]kfnsf]
Oltxf;sf] vf]hLdf b]znfO{ k/d'vfk]IfL x'gaf6 arfPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf]
Oltxf;sf hlt tYo aflx/ cfPsf 5g\, To;dWo]] w]/}sf] >]o xfd|}
kf7zfnfnfO{ hfG5 . csf]{ zAbdf eGg'kbf{, g]kfnsf] Oltxf;;DaGwL
hlt tYo aflx/ cfPsf] 5, To;sf] ;os8f c;L xfd|} vf]hLaf6 k|s6
ePsf] xf] . To; kf7zfnfsf] k|sfzg z'? x'geGbf cufl8 g]kfnsf]
Oltxf;sf h] hlt k':ts lyP, tL t ls ljb]zLsf lyP ls ltgLx?s}
lstfasf cg's[lt lyP . xfd|f] k|sfzg cfpg yfn]kl5 qmdzM lrq
ablnFb} uof] / xfd|f] kf7zfnfsf] vf]hL Oltxf;sf] ljifodf sf];]9'Ëf
aGg k'Uof] . csf]{ zAbdf eGg'kbf{, xfd|f] kf7zfnfsf] vf]hLn] g]kfnsf]
Oltxf;sf] cg';Gwfgdf g]kfnLs} xftdf u'/mlsNnL cfof] . o;n] ubf{
ljBfsf] Pp6f ;fgf] zfvfdf xfdLn] sLlt{dfg /fVg ;Sof}+ . o;} u/L
ljBfsf w]/} zf:qdf k7gkf7g ePsf] eP, b]zs} uf}/j a9\Yof] . xfd|f]
kf7zfnf k}mlnP/ uPsf] eP ljBfsf s]xL ljifo xfd|f] kf7zfnfleq
cGte"{t x'Gy] . d}n] Ps 7fpFdf n]v] h:t}, ;+:s[tljZjljBfno
;+zf]wg–d08nn] agfPsf] uf]/]6f]af6 cl3 a9\g ;SYof] -@)&!.*.!.@ df
/fhwfgL, !$ jif{ !%& c°sf] & k[i7df k|sflzt ;+:s[tu|fd,
;+:s[tljZjljBfno / ;+zf]wg–d08n_ .
#=u'/m go/fh kGtn] g} Oltxf; ;+zf]wg d08n u7g u/L g]kfnsf]
Oltxf;df 36]sf / k|sfzdf gcfPsf 36gfx?nfO{ ;fj{hlgs ug]{ /
Oltxf;sf af/]df ePsf e|dx?nfO{ ;k|df0f ;Rofpg] sfo{ ub]{
cfpg'ePsf] a'lemG5 . of] Oltxf; ;+zf]wg d08nsf] u7gsf] d'Vo
p2]Zo / o;n] u/]sf pNn]Vo sfo{x?sf] ;+If]kdf k|sfz kfl/lbg'x'g
cg'/f]w 5 .
à klxn] xfd|f] ;+:yfsf] gfpFs} ljifodf s'/f u/mF . xfd|f] ;+:yfsf]
cflwsfl/s gfpF Oltxf;;+zf]wg–d08n geO{ ;+zf]wg–d08n xf] . o;
;+:yfsf] p2]Zo vfln Oltxf;sf] ljifodf dfq sfd gu/L ljBfsf c?
c? zfvfk|zfvfdf klg sfd ug]{ lyof] . oxfFlg/ o; ;+:yfsf]
gfpF;Fu ufFl;Psf] ;+zf]wg zAbsf] ljifodf klg s]xL s'/f ug'{k5{ .
w]/}n] ;De]m h:t}, ;+zf]wg zAbsf] k|of]u vfln ;Rofpg' eGg] cy{df
dfq ePsf] 5}g . h;nfO{ pQ/ef/t / g]kfndf cg';Gwfg elgG5,
To;nfO{ aËfndf uj]if0ff / dxf/fi6« / u'h/ftdf ;+zf]wg elgFbf]
/x]5 . To;}sf] k|efjdf xf]nf, a'afn] xfd|f] ;+:yfsf] gfpF ;+zf]wg–d08n
egL /fVg'ePsf] .
$= sltko cfnf]rsx?sf] g]kfnsf] Oltxf; s]jn zlQmzfnLx?n] cfk"m
cg's"n n]v]sf] Oltxf; xf], jf:tljs Oltxf; xf]Og eg]/ cfnf]rgf
ug]{ u/]sf klg 5g\ . s] g]kfnsf] clxn]sf] Oltxf; zlQms]Gb|sf]
u'0fufg dfq xf] < o;df oxfFsf] s] b[li6sf]0f 5 <
à ;aeGbf klxn] t o; k|Zgdf k/]sf] jf:tljs zAbsf] ljifod} s]xL s'/f
u/mF . j:t'af6 jf:tj zAb ag]sf]n] ToxfF k]ml/ Os k|Too nufO{
jf:tljs agfpFbf Tof] Jofs/0flj?4 x'G5 .
Oltxf;sf cfs/ cyf{t\ ;|f]t d"ntM zlQmzfnLn] g} 5f]8]/ uPsfn] Ps
lx;fan] klxn]sf zlQmzfnLsf] ljifodf g} n]lvg] u/]sf] s'/f ;To xf] .
t/ zlQmzfnLn] 5f]8]/ uPsf ;fdu|Laf6 klg ;j{;fwf/0fsf] ljifodf
kl/>d u/] s]xL dfqfdf a'‰g g;lsg] xf]Og . tkfO{Fsf] d"n k|Zgsf]
hjfkm olt pQ/af6 dfq kof{Kt 5}g . tkfO{Fsf] OlËt s'g}
p2]Zoljz]ifsf] kl/k"lt{sf] nflu Oltxf;sf] 1fgsf] b'?kof]u ePsf]tk{m
5 h:tf] dnfO{ nfU5 . To:tf] sfd P]ltxfl;s cyf{t\ cfhef]lnsf]
efiffdf Oltxf;sf/ sxnfPsfx?n] u/]sf 5g\ . To;sf] 68\sf/f]
b[i6fGt lrQ/~hg g]kfnL -lj=;+= !(** df hGd_sf hg/n eLd;]g
yfkf / tTsfnLg g]kfn -@)!# df klxnf]k6s sf7df8f}Faf6 g]kfn–
;f+:s[lts ;+3åf/f k|sflzt_ / >L % /0faxfb'/ zfx -@)@) df
klxnf]k6s sf7df8f}Faf6 d]/L /fhe08f/Låf/f k|sflzt_ kfOG5 .
xfdLsxfF Oltxf; / ufyfdf Tolt km/s gdflgg] x'gfn] o:tf] cj:yf
cfPsf] xf] . >L # rGb|sf] :t'ltufg u/L afa'5f]/f huGgfy / a}hgfy
;]9f`Ln] n]vL clxn]eGbf !)) jif{cufl8 aDaO{af6 k|sflzt rGb|do"v
/ e"rGb|rlGb|sf -!(&) df k|sflzt_ csf]{ pbfx/0f xf] . ;+:s[tsf
:t'ltsfJosf] k/Dk/fdf w]/yf]/ lzIff kfPsf ;]9f`L afa'5f]/fn] n]v]sf]
o:tf] s[ltnfO{ sfnsf] lx;fan] IfDo dfGg ;lsPnf . t/ cª\u|]hL
lzIff kfPsf egL sxlnPsf lrQ/~hg g]kfnL h:tf dflg;sf]
sndaf6 o:tf s[lt lg:sg' cIfDo ck/fw xf] . o; ljifodf d}n]
cGoq v'nfP/ n]lv;s]sf] x'gfn] clxn] otflt/ a9L ghfpFm
-@)&!.!@.!%.! df /fhwfgL, !$ jif{ @*( c°sf] & k[i7df k|sflzt
Oltxf;sf] ckJofVofsf] Pp6f s8L— lrQ/~hg g]kfnLsf] gh/df
/0faxfb'/ zfx / eLd;]g yfkf_ .
%= xfn g]kfndf ;+:s[tefiffsf] cj:yf s:tf] /x]sf] kfpg'ePsf] 5 <
o;sf] pGgogsf nflu s'g s'g kIfn] s] s:tf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'k{ g]{
h:tf] nfU5 <
à 5'Rrf] eO{ eGg'kbf{, g]kfndf dfq xf]Og, ef/tdf klg ;+:s[tlzIff dg{
dfq afFsL 5 . k|frLg 9Ësf] s07:yLs/0f ug]{ / u|Gysf] Jo'TklQ ug{
;Sg] k4ltsf] Wj+;sf] clnslt dfq cjz]if ca afFsL 5 . ptf
klZrdfx?n] ljsf; u/]sf] dLdf+;fTds / P]ltxfl;s k4ltsf] klg d"n
tTTj g} ;+:s[tlzIffsf] 8f8'kGo" xftdf lnP/ a;]sfx?nfO{ kQ} 5}g .
vfln ;+:s[tlzIff wd{sd{;Fu hf]l8Psf]n] / clxn] klg 7"n} ;d'bfo
wfld{s ePsf]n] / Tof] ;d'bfo zf;ssf] l;+xf;gdf a;]sfx?sf] 7"nf]
ef]6 Aof° ePsf]n] ;+:s[tlzIffsf] b'D;f] afFsL /x]sf] xf] .
;+:s[tlzIffsf] pGgogsf] nflu go/fh kGtn] lj=;+= !((& df
kl/sNkgf u/]sf] h:tf] kf7zfnfsf] ljsNk 5}g .
^= oxfFn] ljb]z hd{gL cflb b]zdf uP/ cWofkg cg';Gwfg ug'{eof] .
ToxfF ;+:s[t efiff / k"jL{o wd{–;+:s[ltsf] cj:yf s:tf] 5 / o;
af/]df kfZrfTox?sf] s] s:tf] b[li6sf]0f /x]sf] kfpg'eof] <
à ;aeGbf klxn] k"jL{o zAb Jofs/0f;DaGwL / e'jgsf]zLo b'j} b[li6n]
7Ls 5}g . k"j{ zAbdf O{o k|Too gnfUg] ePsf]n] Jofs/0fsf] b[li6n]
of] cz'4 5 . lsgeg], e'jgsf]zLo b[li6n] x]bf{ ef/tjif{eGbf k"j{ klg
rLg / hfkfg cflb b]z ePsfn] of] zAb xfdLn] ;De]m/ cfPsf] cy{df
rnfpg ldNb}g . o;nfO{ ef/tLo ls+jf blIf0f–PlzofnL zAbn] Jojx[t
ug'{k5{ .
kfZrfTox?sf] ;+:s[t k9\gfsf] p2]Zo xfd|f]eGbf lgs} km/s ePsf]n]
xfd|f] oxfF k|fylds sIffdf /fd|f];Fu k9\g] ljBfyL{sf] hlt klg
;+:s[tefiffdf clwsf/ klZrdf ljåfg\x?sf] x'Fb}g eGbf Tolt lalb
km/s kb}{g . ckjfbdf w]/} g} yf]/} dfq kfZrfTTo ljåfg\ kg]{ x'gfn]
;+:s[tdf pgLx?sf] clwsf/ gx'g' lgod xf], ckjfb xf]Og .
g]kfnL kl08t ;/bf/ 5ljnfn ;"l/ -lj=;+= !*(^–!(^$_n] ;+:s[tdf
n]v]sf s]xL k':ts 5g\ . pgn] tL k':ts o"/f]ksf k|l;4 ;+:s[t
ljåfg\ k|mLb\l/v DofS; Do"n/ -lj=;+= !**)–!(%&_sxfF k7fP5g\ .
5ljnfnn] ;+:s[tdf n]v]sf] k':ts kfP/ DofS; Do"n/n] pgsf]
k|z+;fdf lr7L k7fP5g\ . 5ljnfn tfTsflns g]kfnL ;dfhdf
ljåfg\sf] ?kdf g sxlnPsf lyP, g pgsf u|Gy g} pRr sf]l6sf
5g\ . klZrddf ;+:s[tljBfsf] pTsif{ 5}g eGg] k|;Ëdf a'afn]
5ljnfnsf n]vdf k/]sf Ro't;+:s[ltbf]ifsf] ljifodf nfd} n]v
n]Vg'ePsf] 5 -@)## df k"l0f{df #$ k"0ff{°sf *#–($ k[i7df k|sflzt
j]bfËHof}ltif / lnR5lj–sfnu0fgf / ToxL c°sf !@*–!#% k[i7df
k|sflzt ;/bf/ kl08t 5ljnfn 9'Ë]nsf] ;'Gb/rl/t gf6sdf k/]sf
Jofs/0fljifosf s]xL cz'l4sf] ;+zf]wg_ .
xfO8n\au{ljZjljBfno clxn] hd{gLdf ;+:s[tljBfsf] nflu Hofb}
k|l;4 5 . ToxfF g]kfnsf] k'/fljBfsf] ljifodf klg w]/} jif{ otfb]lv
sfd eO/x]5 . t/ ToxfFsf cGj]ifsx?df ;+:s[tefiffsf] cfjZos 1fg
gx'Fbf sfdsf] tx /fd|f] 5}g . ;fwf/0f ;+:s[tdf cg'i6'e\ 5Gbdf
n]lvPsf] sd{sf08sf] lstfasf] /fd|f];Fu pNyf ug{;Dd ;Sg]
k'/mif;Dkt\ klg ToxfF 5}g . klZrddf ;+:s[tljBfsf] klxn]sf] /
clxn]sf] cj:yfsf] ljifodf d}n] k6s k6s n]lv;s]sf] 5'
-@)^(.&.!.$ df /fhwfgL !@ jif{ !#& c°sf] & k[i7df k|sflzt
o"/f]lkog ;+:j[mt, @)&).*.!^.! df /fhwfgL !# jif{ !&) c°sf] &
k[i7df k|sflzt hd{gLdf ;+:j[mt, @)&$.(.*.& df /fhwfgL !& jif{ !(@
c°sf] ( k[i7df k|sflzt ;+:s[tlzIfftk{m k]ml/ PskN6_ . o; sf/0f
xfd|f] oxfF k/fk"j{sfnb]lv rn]sf] k4ltcg';f/ ;+:s[tefiff / jfª\dodf
clwsf/ k|fKt gu/L cg';Gwfg yfNbf Tof] PsfËL x'G5 . xf], klZrddf
%)) jif{otfb]lv rn]sf] dLdf+;fTds / P]ltxfl;s k4lt;Fu ;+:s[tefiff
/ jfª\donfO{ hf]8\g ;s] To;sf] k|ltkmn /fd|f] x'G5 . Tof] ug{ eg]
klZrdfx?nfO{ ufx|f] 5 . lsgls xfd|f] ljBf;DklQ;Fu ljZjljBfnodf
v'§f 6]s]kl5 dfq pgLx? kl/lrt x'G5g\ . To;kl5sf] ljZjljBfnoLo
hLjgdf s]xL jif{ pgLx?n] xfd|f] otflt/sf] ljBfdf latfO{ k9fO k"/f
ul/;Sg'k5{ . o; sf/0f xfdLn] pgLx?af6 w]/} ck]Iff ug'{ x'Fb}g,
vfln pgLx?sf] /fd|f] k4ltsf] dfq cg';/0f ug'{k5{ .
;+:s[tefiff / xfd|f] wd{;+:s[ltsf] cj:yf ToxfF s:tf] 5 eGg] tkfO{+sf]
k|Zgsf] pQ/df s] eGg ;lsG5 eg] klZrdfx? xfd|f] wd{ /
/xg;xgsf cg'ofoL xf]Ogg\, pgLx? t vfln dLdf+;fTds /
P]ltxfl;s b[li6n] To; ljifodf cg';Gwfg u5{g\ . efiff / zf:qsf]
oyf]lrt 1fgsf] cefjdf Tof] cg';Gwfg ;Tosf] slt ghLs x'G5 eGg]
s'/f cs}{ xf] .
&= cfk"mnfO{ efiffljb\ eGg] sltko dflg;x? ;+:s[t d[t efiff xf] .
o;sf] k7gkf7gdf /fHon] vr{ ug'{ x'Fb}g eg]/ klg eGg] u/]sf 5g\ .
pgLx?sf] egfOk|lt oxfFsf] s] k|ltlqmof 5 <
à s7f]/ ?kn] eGg'kbf{ clxn] ;+:s[t d[t efiff g} xf] . lsg d[t efiff
eg] s]xL 7fpFdf k'g?TyfgjfbLx?n] ;+:s[t af]Nb}df of] efiff hGdefiff
cyf{t\ dft[efiff xf]Og . t/ af]nLrfnLdf dfq /x]sf efiff sfnfGt/df
x/fP h:tf] u/L x/fPsf] efiff eg] xf]Og, xhf/f}+ jif{b]lv ljåt\efiffsf]
?kdf /xL ljk'n jfª\do ;d]6]sf] of] efiff hLljt efiff g} xf] . o;
sf/0f ;+:s[tefiff s;}sf] hGdefiff geP klg o;sf] k7gkf7gdf
/fHon] vr{ ug{ x'Fb}g eg]/ eGg ldNb}g, lsgeg] ef/tjif{e/sf cyf{t\
blIf0f Plzofsf] dfq xf]Og, hxfF hxfF ef/tLo nf]sofqf cyf{t\
;Eotfsf] k|efj k¥of], Tof] a'‰g ;+:s[tefiff / jfª\do ckl/xfo{ 5 .
;fFRr} eGg] xf] eg], ;+:s[tefiffsf] k7gkf7gaf6 lzNkzf:q cyf{t\
lj1fg;Fu klg o;nfO{ hf]8\g ;lsG5 . xfdLsxfF clxn] ar]v'r]sf
cfo'j]{b / Hof}ltifdf xhf/ jif{ hlt x'g nfUof], pGglt x'g t k/}
hfcf];\ cjglt x'Fb} uO/x]sf] 5 . xfdL hxfF k'u]/ c8\Sof}F, ToxfFaf6 tL
tL If]qdf zf:qsf] pTyfg ug{ ;+:s[t cTofjZos 5 . t/, clxn] h'g
9Ën] ;+:s[tsf] k7gkf7g rln/x]5, To;af6 vf; pknlAw 5}g .
*= xfn xfd|f] wd{ / ;+:s[ltdfly ljb]zL wd{ / ;+:s[ltsf] k|efj kl//x]sf]
kfOG5 . o;n] s] s:tf ;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds kl/0ffd NofPsf]
dx;'; oxfFn] ug{'ePsf] 5 <
à aflxl/of k|efjn] xfd|f] cfkm\gf] lrGtgk|0ffnL g} Wj:t ePsf]n] xfd|f]
efiffdf ;+:s[lt, ;sf/fTds, gsf/fTds h:tf zAb rngrNtLdf
cfPsf x'g\ . o;}n] o:tf zAbnfO{ xfd|f] k4ltcg';f/ s;/L JoSt
ug'{kg]{ xf], o; ljifodf ;+:s[t1x?n] lrGtg ug'{ h?/L 5 . ljh]tfsf]
/xg;xgsf] k|efj ljlhtdf kg]{ x'gfn] o;sf /fd|f g/fd|f b'a} vfnsf
k|efj k5{g\ . x/]s dflg;sf] :jtGqtfsf] sb/ ug]{ k4lt xfd|f]
u[x:ywd{sf] kl/kfngf;Fu} ug{ ;s] /fd|f] x'g] xf] . xfdLsxfF
;+:s[tljBfcGtu{t wd{zf:qsf] k9fO lg/Gt/ rln/x]sf] 5 . wd{zf:q
eg]sf] sfg"g g xf] . wd{zf:qdf klxn]klxn]b]lv rn]/ cfPsf lgoddf
hdfgfcg';f/ kl/jt{g x'Fb} hfGYof] / Tof] sfn;fk]If aGYof] . c;j0f{
ljjfxaf6 hGd]sf ;Gtfgsf] l:yltsf] ljifos} s'/f u/mF . c;j0f{ ljjfx
klxn]klxn]sf] cg'kftdf w]/} g} al9;s]sf] 5 . jt{dfg zf;gn]
hftkftsf] ljifo P]gaf6 vf/]h u/] klg 3/3/df cem}+ Tof] xl6;s]sf]
5}g . o; sf/0f wd{zf:q1x?sf] b[li6 hfltlg0f{otk{m klg hfg'k5{ .
(= xh'/n] ljleGg ljBfjfl/lw cflb cg';GwfgfTds sfo{sf] lgb]{zs,
ljz]if1 / afXoljz]if1 cflb eP/ sfo{ ul//xg'ePsf] 5 < xfnsf]
g]kfnsf] cg';GwgfTds sfo{af6 slQsf] ;Gt'i6 x'g'x'G5 <
à ;aeGbf klxn] ljBfjfl/lw zAbs} s'/f u/mF . of] zAb kLPr\8L=sf]
kof{odf rnfOPsf] 5 . kLPr\8L= xfd|f] k4ltcg';f/sf] xf]Og, kfZrfTTo
k4ltcg';f/sf] xf] . o; sf/0f kLPr\8L= g} gegL ljBfjfl/lw lsg
eGg'k¥of] < To:t} clxn] df:6;{ kf; u/]sfnfO{ :gftsf]Q/ eGg]
ul/Psf] 5 . Tof] klg 7Ls 5}g, lsgeg] k"/f k9fO l;4ØfPsf]
dflg;nfO{ xfd|f] k4ltdf :gfts elgG5 . o; k4ltcg';f/
:gftsf]Q/ x'g} ;Sb}g . kfZrfTTo k4ltcg';f/ ljBfsf] dfkg ug{
yfn]kl5 xfd|f] k4ltdf gePsf aLP, Pd\P=, kLPr\8L= zAb alstd\df
rNbf rNb} klg lnlvtd\df lsg grnfpg] < of] d}n] xfd|f]
k/Dk/fcg';f/ eg]sf] x'F . klxn]klxn] xfd|f] efiffdf ljb]zL zAbnfO{ klg
krfO{ cfkm\gf] agfpg] rng lyof] . Hof}ltifs} s'/f u/mF . x]ln, s]Gb|
h:tf zAb ;+:s[tsf xf]Ogg\, u|Ls efiffsf x'g\ . t/ tL
Hof}ltifzf:qdf cfkm\g} eP/ rn]sf 5g\ . slt c/aL–kmf/;L efiffsf
zAb klg xfd|f] Hof}ltifzf:qn] krfPsf] 5 . hLljt efiffsf] nIf0f
cfk"m;Fu gePsf ljb]zL zAb lgM;°f]r leq\ofpg ;Sg'k5{ .
ca k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbglt/ nfu"F . Ps zAbdf eGg'kbf{ d xfnsf]
g]kfnsf] cg';GwfgfTds sfo{af6 slQ klg ;Gt'i6 5}g . o;df ;'wf/
ug'{kg]{ s'/f d}n] dfly dfly ;f]lwPsf s'/fsf] hjfkmd} elg;s]sf]n] oxfF
bf]x¥ofO/xg' gknf{ .
!)= u'NdLsf] ls/0f k':tsfnoaf6 k|sflzt x'g] xfd|f] k'/miffy{n] w]/} jif{
klxn] xh'/sf lktfhL go/fh kGtsf] cGtjf{tf{ klg 5fk]sf] lyof] .
o; klqsfsf] af/]df xh'/nfO{ s] slt 1fg 5 / o;nfO{ s]xL ;Nnfx
;'emfj lbg' 5 ls <
à xfd|f] k'/miffy{sf] nflu o; klqsfsf ;Dkfbsx?n] a'af;Fu u/]sf]
s'/fsfgL oxL klqsfsf] #% ;Dk"0ff{°df lj=;+= @)%$ df k|sflzt eof] .
of] d}n] klxNo} k9]sf] lyPF, clxn] k]ml/ k9]F . of] klqsf ;aeGbf klxn]
d Kofl/;df ;LPg\cf/\P;df /xFbf b]v]sf] x'F . Tof] s'/f a'af;Fu u/]sf]
s'/fsfgLsf] k|;Ëdf d}n] eg]sf] egL ToxfF 5flkPsf] klg /x]5 .
oxfFx?n] To;sf s]xL c° a'afnfO{ lbg'ePsf] /x]5 / e]§fP hlt
afuahf/sf] lxdfnog a's ;]G6/af6 klg d lsGg] uy]{F . kl5 tkfO{+n]
d;Fu kLPr\8L= ubf{ s]xL c° NofOlbg'eof] . clxn] ahf/df of] klqsf
d b]lVbgF, ePsf hlt ;Xdfn]/ /fv]sf] 5' . of] klqsf dnfO{ dg
k5{, sxL+ sxL+ /S;Lsf] k|/f]rgf cyf{t\ lj1fkg b]Vbf dg v6\sG5 .
Tof] klg d ;xG5' g}, lsgeg] k'/miffy{dWo] Ps sfdsf] jw{g /S;Laf6
x'g] x'gfn] Tof] IfDo 5 .
!!= cGtdf xfdLn] ;f]Wg 5'6]sf] / xh'/n] eGg} kg]{ s]xL ljifo 5 ls <
à ;f]Wg 5'6]sf / eGg 5'6]sf s'/f k|z:t 5g\ . kl5kl5sf] nflu
ltgnfO{ yfFtL /fv"F .
!@= cfkm\gf] cd"No ;do lbO{ cGtjf{tf{ lbg'ePsf]df oxfFnfO{ wGojfb 5 .
à Åbo vf]n]/ s'/f ug{] cj;/ lbg'ePsf]n] oxfFnfO{ klg TolQs} wGojfb
5.
)))
dxfef/tsL Ps c;fwf/0f gf/L kfq M
of]hguGwf s[i0ff
 k|f=8f= afa'/fd 1jfnL
a'6jn ax'd'vL SofDk;
?kGb]xL
dxfef/tsf gf/L kfqdf ;aeGbf c;fwf/0f kfqsf] gfd xf]– kf~rfn g/]z
b|'kbsL 5f]/L cyf{t\ b|f}kbL . pgsf xh'/afafsf] gfd kif{t lyof] To;}n]
b|f}kbLsf] Ps gfd kif{tL klg xf] . b|f}kbLsf] Ps bfh' lzv08L gk'+;s lyof]
clg csf]{ h'DNofxf bfh' w[i6B'Dg s'/mIf]q o'4sf] ;]gfklt . kf~rfn b]zsL
5f]/L ePsf]n] pgsf] Ps gfd kf~rfnL xf] . b|f}kbLsf] gfd / b]jL ;Ltfsf]
gfddf ;dfgtf 5g\ . ;Ltfsf] hGd :yfg xnf]n] hf]ltPsf] hdLg xf] .
h;nfO{ ;+:s[tdf ;Ltf -g]kfnLdf l;of]_ elgG5 . o1af6 hGd ePsf]n]
pgsf] Pp6f gfd xf] of1;]gL . o1sf] clUg h:tf] wk\wk\ an]sf] cfsif{s
?k . b|f}kbL / eujfg\ s[i0fsf] ?k, /+u, / ;'Gb/tf To;a]nfsf] ;aeGbf
k|l;4 ?k lyof] . dfgf}+ s'g} sfnf] dflg;sf] /+u uf]/f] x'g hfcf];\ 5fnfsf]
/+u h:tf] . gLnf] :jR5 cfsfzd'lgsf] ulx/f] ;d'b|nfO{ x]/]h:tf] . kfgL
el/Psf] Zofdn afbn h:tf], sfnf], gLnf], ;]tf] ldl>t . 5fnfdf Pp6f
ulx/fO h:tf] . cg'xf/df x]/Øf] eg] x]l//x"+ h:tf] df]xgL nufpg] /+u .
b|f}kbLsf] Ps gfd ;}/Gw|L klg xf] . b|f}kbL Ps pRrsf]l6sL u[lx0fL lyOg\ .
pgL /lgjf;nfO{ ;kmf ;'Gb/ /fVg, ;hfpg, a}7s / zog sIf ;hfpg
tyf dlxnfx?sf] z[ª\uf/ ug]{ ;a} snfdf lgk'0f dflgPsL 5g\ . km"n
;hfpg, dfnf agfpg pgL l;kfn' lyOg\ . To;}n] Ps gfd dflngL klg
xf] . o;} ;Lkn] ubf{ pgn] /fhf lj/f6sf] /lgjf;df gf]s/L ug{ kfPsL
x'g\ . lgToo'jtL klg pgsf] gfd xf] . pgsf] of}jg d[To'ko{Gt ;w}+
Psgf;sf] lyof] . Pp6f pbfx/0faf6 b|f}kbLsf hLjgsf] hl6ntf a'em\g
;lsG5 . elgG5, dxfef/t wf/fjflxsdf ax'klt b|f}kbLsf] clego u/]afkt
?kf ufª\u'nLn] cg]s tgfj em]Ng'k/Øf] . clGtddf pgsf kltn] ;d]t
pgsf] Tofu ul/lbof] .
b|f}kbLsf] z/L/af6 dw'/ dgdf]xs ;'uGw lgl:sGYof] . uf]kLrGbg jf
ci6uGwf h:tf] . To;}n] pgs]f Ps gfd of]hguGwf klg xf] . ;'Gb/tfsf
;a} u'0f ePsf]n] pgNffO{ k/d;'Gb/L klg elgG5 .
s'/mIf]q ljhoL dxf/yL, 1fgL kltx?df sf]xL klg c;Gt'i6 g/xg' / k|To]s
k|lt pgsf] k"0f{ ;dk{0f b]lvg' cem cgf}7f] rl/q xf] . o'lwli7/;+u
wd{zf:qsf] rrf{, eLd;+u ef]hg / cfxf/sf] rrf{, ch'{g;+u o'4zf:qsf]
rrf{, kf―r leGg k|s[ltsf dflg;;+u leGg k|s[ltsf] :t/k"0f{ Jojxf/ .
;a}nfO{ yfxf 5 ch'{gn] ;'eb|f;+u Ps k6s rqmJo"xsf] rrf{ u/]sf lyP .
To; a]nf ;'eb|fnfO{ cN5L nfu]/ lgbfOg\ . Ps :qLnfO{ o'4 / xltof/df
s] /mlr < ;'eb|fsf] cN5L ;a}n] a'em\g ;lsG5 t/ b|f}kbLsf] /mlr / k|To]s
ljifodf /x]sf] 1fg a'em\g ;ls+b}g . b|f}kbLnfO{ cfkm\gf kltx?;Fu s'g} klg
ljifosf] rrf{df slxNo} cN5L nfu]sf] 36gf dxfef/tdf 5}g . olt dfq
xf]Og gs'n / ;xb]jnfO{ Ps cleefjsLo ;'/Iff k|bfg u/]/ pgLx?sf]
hLjgdf cfdfsf] sdL;d]t b|f}kbLn] k"/f ul/lbPsL 5g\ .
b|f}kbLn] ch'{g;+u ljz]if k|]d uly{g\ t/ jf:tljstf s] xf] eg] ;aeGbf sd
;do latfpg kfPsf] klg ch'{g;+u} xf] . slxn] ch'{gsf] :jlgjf{;g, slxn]
;fwgfsfn / slxn] ch'{gn] cfkm}+ lnPsf] zkyn] ch'{g;Fu pgsf] a;fO
;aeGbf sd /x\of] . sxfF;Dd eg] ha /fhf lj/f6sf] b/af/df b'a}n] ;Fu}
lbg latfpg kfP To;a]nf ch'{gnfO{ gk'+;s x'g] zfk lyof] . o:tf c;xØ
36gfx? b|f}kbLn] ;xg u/]sf] ljj/0f dxfef/tdf 5 . Oltxf;df, sNkgfdf
olt cgf}7f] rl/q o;cl3 klg lyPg / To;kl5 klg x'g] 5}g .
dxfef/tsf b; zLif{ kfqsf] ;"rL agfpFbf To;df b|f}kbLsf] gfd cjZo
cfp―5 . t/ d}n] eg] dxfef/tsf zLif{ tLg kfqdf pgsf] gfd /fV5' .
lglZrt ?kdf k~r kf08jeGbf pgsf] gfd dfly x'G5 .
jfs\snfdf pgsf] a/fa/L ug{ ;Sg] sf]xL lyPg . t/ o;sf ;fy} pgL
rt'/ ts{zf:qL klg lyOg\ h;sf ts{sf cufl8 eLid, b|f]0f / slxn] sfxL+
eujfg\ s[i0f klg gfhjfkm x'Gy] .
b'zf;gn] h'cfsf] v]n rn]sf 7fpFdf b|f}kbLnfO{ skfn tfg]/ l3;fb}{ n}hfFbf
pgn] cg]s cg'go ljgo ul/g\ . xl:tgfk'/sL /fgLnfO{ h'cf v]Ng] 7fpFdf
gn}hfg cfkm\gf] b]j/nfO{ cg'/f]w ul/g\ . gdfg]kl5 pgn] dlxnfsf] ljz]if
clwsf/sf] ?kdf cfkm" /hf]jtL ePsLn] ;fj{hlgs gug{ cg'/f]w ul/g\ . t/
klg pgnfO{ ha/h:tL b/af/ nluof] . ToxfF pgn] ;a} ljåfg\x?;+u Pp6f
k|Zg ul/g\– …d]/f kltn] h'cfdf cfkm" xf/]kl5 dnfO{ bfpdf yfk]sf x'g\ . s]
s'g} bf;nfO{ csf{sf] af/]df lg0f{o lng] clwsf/ 5 <Ú
o; s'/fsf] hjfkm s;}n] klg lbg ;s]g . eLid, b|f]0f / w[t/fi6« dfq
xf]Og ljåfg\ ljb'/ klg r"k /x] . t/ b'of]{wgsf] ;aeGbf sfG5f] efO
ljs0f{n] eGof]– cfkm" xfl/;s]kl5 o'lwli7/nfO{ csf{sf] dflns /xg] clwsf/
x'―b}g . To;}n] b|f}kbLnfO{ h'cfdf yfKg] clwsf/ pgL;Fu 5}g .
tyflk b|f}kbLnfO{ ckdflgt ul/of] . o;kl5 qm'4 b|f}kbLn] b'zf;gn] n'5]sf]
cfkm\gf] Tof] skfn t]x| jif{ sf]l/gg\ . eLdn] b'zf;gsf] 5ftL kmf]/]/ /utn]
pgsf] skfn lehfPkl5 aNn pgn] skfn sf]g{ yfn]sL x'g\ . pgsf]
k|ltzf]w olt tLj| lyof] .
t/ cf1fsf/L slt eg] ;f;"n] klxnf] /ftdf kfFrefOn] afF8]/ n]pm eGbf s'g}
klg k|lt/f]w gu/L r"krfk :jLsf/ ul/g\ . hals pgnfO{ s]jn ch'{gn]
lht]sf lyP . b/af/df pgn] ch'{gnfO{ dfq j/dfnf klx/ØfPsL lyOg\ .
hLjgsf] pQ/fw{df pgn] s] a'lemg\ eg] k|ltzf]w /fv]/ dfq zflGt k|fKt
x'Fb}g . To;}n] cfkm\gf kfFrj6f o'jf k'qsf] 6fpsf] sf6\g] kfkL cZjTyfdfnfO{
Ifdf ul/lbOg\ . Ifdf g} zflGt k|bfos x'G5 .
b/af/df /fgL x'Fbf dfq xf]Og, jgjf;sf] ;dodf ;d]t kf08jx?nfO{ e]6
ug{ cfpg] ;a} cltlyx? -qmf]wL b'jf{;f;d]t_ nfO{ ;Gt'i6 u/]sf] pbfx/0fn]
pgsf] pRr u[xJoj:yfkg IfdtfnfO{ a'emfpF5 .
;Toefdfn] eujfg\ s[i0fnfO{ lgs} dfof uly{g\ . t/ pgnfO{ nfUYof] eujfg\
s[i0fn] c? /fgLnfO{ a9L dfof ug'{x'G5 . clg pgn] b|f}kbLnfO{ ;f]lwg\–
…tkfO{+sf kfFr klt 5g\ . k|To]s tkfO{+;Fu ;Gt'i6 5g\ . xfdL cf7 hgfsf
klt eO{sg klg xfdL;+u s[i0f c;Gt'i6 /x] h:tf] nfU5 . tkfO{+n] df]xgL
nufP/ kltx?nfO{ jzdf /fVg' ePsf] xf] < s[kof dnfO{ klg
l;sfOlbg';\ .Ú
b|f}kbLn] elgg\– …kltnfO{ df]lxt u/fpg 6'gfd'gf ug]{ uNtL sbflk gug"{ .
6'gfd'gfn] pgLnfO{ xflg ug{ ;S5 / ltdLnfO{ klg s]xL kmfObf x'Fb}g . d]/f]
cg'ej s] 5, Tof] ;'g–cfkm"leqsf] cx+sf/nfO{ kmfn]/ kltx?df cfkm\gf]
gf/LTjnfO{ k"hfsf] km"n em}+ lgisfd k|]dsf] hnn] ;'/let u/]/ kf]lvlbG5' .
s'g} klg kl/l:yltdf O{iof{t'/ gx'g] r]i6f u5'{ . kltsf cufl8 ;w}+ ;xh
/xg] k|of; u5'{ . kltsf] ef]hg / zogeGbf klxn] slxNo} klg ef]hg
zog u|x0f ulb{gF, pgLx? hfUg'eGbf klxNo} d hfU5' . pgLx?sf] ;]jfsf]
sfddf slxNo} cN5L ulb{gF . 6f9faf6 ofqf u/]/ kms]{ eg] pgLx?sf lglDt
cf;g, hn, ef]hg, / lj>fdsf] Joj:yf tTsfn k|:t't ul/lbG5' .
kltx?sf] lk|o ef]hg cfkm}+ agfP/ v'jfpF5' . cfkm\gf] b'Mv / b'lZrGtfsf]
af]em pgLx?dfly kg{ lbGgF . a? pgLx?sf] lrGtfdf ;xefuL ag]/ cfkm\gf]
ljrf/ / ;Nnfx lbG5' . k|;fwg, :gfg clg j]ze"iffsf] ljGof;df cgfjZos
;do / wg nufpFlbgF . klt 6f9f 5g\ eg] ;f}Gbo{ k|;fwg ulb{gF .
pgLx?n] dg gk/fpg] s'/fnfO{ d klg dg k/fpFlbgF . pgLx?sf] OR5f
clgR5f, /mlr, c/mlr ;a} gatfO{sg} a'em\5' . pgLx?;Fu Joy{ ax;
ulb{gF . rfnrng, cfrf/ljrf/, ef]hg, / lj>fddf ;+od /fV5' . ;aeGbf
7"nf] s'/f, d pgLx?dfly slxNo} ;Gb]x ulb{gF . g pgLx?dfly slxNo}
u'gf;f]sf] kxf8 vGofpF5' . d}n] pgLx?;+u s'g} s'/f uf]Ko /flVbgF . kltsf]
j+z jf dftf s'GtLsf] af/]df Ps zAb klg elGbgF . kfFr}k|lt ;defj /
;dtf lgjf{x u5'{ . s'g} Pp6fsf] bf]if u'0faf/] csf]{;+u elGbgF . kltn]
bf;LnfO{ s'g} cfb]z lbg'eGbf klxn] g} d tTk/ x'G5' . bf;bf;Lx? eP
klg 3/sf] sfddf lg/Gt/ /]vb]v u5'{ . bf;bf;Ln] ;d]t vfP gvfPsf]
x]/ljrf/ u5'{ . dfOtsf] 7f6, ljnf; / a8Kkgsf] s'/f slxNo} klg
kltx?;+u ulb{gF . s'g} cGo k'/mifsf] wg, P]Zjo{sf] t'ngf u/]/ cfkm\gf]
efUonfO{ lwSsfg]{ sfd klg ub{gF . sxf―;Dd eg] kltsf cl3 s'g} cGo
gf/LnfO{ cfkm"eGbf clws ;f}efUojtL 5 eGg] avfg ulb{gF . cfkm\gf ch;|
sfdgfx?nfO{ kltx?;dIf /fv]/ pgLx?nfO{ tgfj k'/Øfpg] sfd ulb{gF .
lgh{gdf cGo k'/mif;+u ;do latfpFlbgF . g/fd|f] k|s[ltsf :qLx?;+u ;+ut
ulb{gF . klt;dIf :jo+nfO{ :jt]h, ;kmf, ;'Gb/, / lr/of}jgf /fVg] k|of;
u5'{ . kltsf] sf/0f g} xfdL ;GtfgjtL 5f}+, ;f}efUojtL 5f},+ u[xstf{ / ;'vL
5f}+ . pg}n] ubf{ ;'/Iff / ;fdflhs dfg 5 . kltx?sf] ;'v dfq xfd|f]
xf]Og pgsf] b'Mv klg xfd|f] xf] . b'Mvdf, ljkt\df, kltnfO{ ;xh ;fx;
lbg' zlQm lbg' :qLwd{ xf] . Wofg /fv of]Uo kTgL aGg' klg ;fwgfs} kmn
xf] .Ú b|f}kbLsf] o; ljlzi6 rl/qn] ubf{ g} pgLnfO{ ;tL b|f}kbL elgG5 .
b|f}kbLn] dxfef/tdf ljleGg k|;+udf af]n]sf s'/fn] pgsf] bfz{lgs
JolQmTjsf] emns kfOG5–
á cfrfo{, ClTjs, s'6'DaL, e"klt, ;j{1fglk|o JolQmx? k|yd ;Ddfgsf
clwsf/L x'G5g\ .
á k"l0f{dfkl5 cdfj:of cfpg] lglZrt x'G5 t/ ;'v kl5 b'Mv s'g
If0fdf cfpg] 5 of] s;}n] hfGb}g .
á :qL cfgGbbfqL x'lG5g\ . cfkm\gf] jIfaf6 cd[tbfg ug]{ zlQm s]jn
:qLdf x'G5 . k'/mifdf Tof] zlQm x'Fb}g . To;}n] s'g} lk|onfO{ e/k]6
ef]hg u/fpFbf :qLnfO{ cfkm\gf] ;GtfgnfO{ e/k]6 b"w v'jfP em}+ cfgGb
k|fKt x'G5 .
á ljgf k|oTg kfPsf] wgsf] cfgGb h;/L gi6 x'G5 p;} u/L k|]dLsf
lgldQ Tofu / pT;u{ljgfsf] k|]d k|fKt ugf{n] gf/Lsf] dlxdf sd eP/
hfG5 .
á s]jn d[b'tf / pu|tf b]vfpg] dflg; ;'k'/mif x'g;Sb}g . k'/mifn] hxfF
cfjZostf k5{ d[b'tf, / hxfF cfjZostf k5{ ToxfF pu| x'g} k5{ .
á gf/Lsf lglDt h:t} k'/mifsf lglDt klg olb k/:qLsf] sfdgf cIfDo
ck/fw clg nHhfhgs s'/f eP ;+;f/df olt kfk, Jolerf/ x'g]
lyPg .
dT:oj]wkl5 kf08j kl/jf/sf] dof{bf ag]/ cfPsL b|f}kbLn] x/]s ;'vb'Mv,
d[To'ko{Gt kltx?nfO{ ;fy lbOg\ . a?, :juf{/f]x0f kj{df pgL e'O{+df k5fl/P
kl5 kfFr} hgf b|f}kbLlt/ x]b}{ gx]/Lsg cufl8 a9] eGg] syf 5 . lgikIf
b[li6n] eGg] xf] eg] OGb|k|:y b/af/df b'of]{wgdfly crfgs u/]sf] xf―;f]
afx]s b|f}kbLn] ;fgf]eGbf ;fgf] uNtL klg u/]sL 5}gg\ . h;n] klg
dxfef/t k9\5, b|f}kbLsf] lgisn+s hLjg rl/qn] p;nfO{ cfs[i6 gu/L
/xg ;Sb}g .
b|f}kbLsf] rl/q slt ljzfn 5 eg] pgnfO{ h'g sf]0faf6 x]/]/ klg ;flxTo
/rgf ug{ ;lsG5 . b|f}kbLdfly a+ufnL, cf]l8of, c+u|]hL, g]kfnLdf syf /
gf6s /rgf ul/Psf 5g\ . PNkm lxN6]la6nsf] pkGof; b sN6 ckm
b|f}kbL, ;'lrqf ;]gsf] pkGof; b Kofn]; ckm\ On'hG;, dxfZj]tf b]jLsf]
a+ufnLefiffsf] pkGof; b|f}kbL ;a} PseGbf Ps pTs[i6 s[ltx? dflgPsf
5g\ .
clxn] g]kfnLdf b'O{ s[[ltx? pknAw 5g\ . klxnf] xf], gLnd sfsL{sf]
df}lns pkGof; rL/x/0f . o;df dxfef/tsf ;a} dlxnf kfqx?sf] Ps
;Dd]ngsf] rrf{ 5 . of] /f]rs / 36gf k|wfg 5 . bf];|f] xf], 8f= k|ltef
/fosf] cf]l8of efiffsf] pkGof; of1;]gL . of] Ps rl/q k|wfg pkGof;
xf] . ljGBf ;'Aafn] o;sf] g]kfnL efiffdf cg'jfb u/]sL 5g\ . jf:tjdf of]
Ps kq xf] h'g b|f}kbLn] d[To'sf] ;dodf cfkm\gf lk|o ;vf s[i0fnfO{ n]v]sL
5g\ lsgeg] o; a]nfdf pgsf kltx?n] dg{sf nflu 5f]8]/ lxdfnodf
cufl8 al9;s]sf 5g\ . rL/x/0fsf] ;dodf em}+ pgL a];xf/f ag]sL 5g\ .
km/s s] xf] eg] olta]nf pgnfO{ ckdflgt ug]{ p2]Zo s;}sf] 5}g .
g]kfnL efiff bf]h]{lnª, l;lSsd, / cf;fddf af]lnG5 . l;lSsdsf] /fhsLo
efiffsf] ?kdf g]kfnL :jLs[t 5 . l;lSsdsf ;flxTosf/ ljGBf ;'Aafåf/f
cg"lbt b|f}kbL pkGof;df g]kfnL efiffsf] cf~rlns :j?ksf] emns klg
kfOG5 . To;}n] o; pkGof;n] g]kfn tyf l;lSsd / cf;fdsf g]kfnL
kf7snfO{ cfk;df hf]8\5 .
)))
8f= wg]Zj/ e§/fO{sf] b]jsf]6fsf
dxfsfJodf ;fdflhs r]tgf ;dfnf]rgf
u|Gydflysf] b[li6 k|If]k0f
 k"0f{k|;fb clwsf/L
;x–k|fWofks M jL/]Gb| ax'd'vL SofDk;
lrtjg
!= n]vs kl/ro
8f= wg]Zj/ e§/fO{ @)!( /fOk'/ tgx"Fdf hGd]/ b]j3f6b]lv ef/tsf] xl/åf/
Clifs]z x'Fb} ;F:s[tdf zf:qL / lq=lj= af6 :gftsf]Îf/ k"/f u/L @)$*;fn
b]lv uf]]/vf SofDk;df !$ jif{ ;Ddsf] k|fWofkg ofqfkl5 @)^@ b]lv jL/]Gb|
ax'd\'vL SofDk;df g]kfnL ljifosf] ;x–k|fWofks kbdf sfo{/t 5g\ . pgn]
b]jsf]6fsf dxfsfJosf] ;dfhzf:qLo cWoog zLif{sdf g]kfn ;F:s[t lj=lj=
af6 @)&@c;f/df ljBfjfl/lw Ph.d. u/]sf x'g\ eg] ToxL ljBfjfl/lw ug]{
qmddf ;x pTkfbg -jfof]k|f]8S6_ sf] ?kdf of] s[lt cfPsf xf] . To;f] t
pgL slj / ;dfnf]rs x'g\ . of] ;lxt l;h{gfsf] ?kdf v08sfJo /
;dfnf]rgf u/L pgsf ;ftj6f k':tsx? k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ .
!))sf] ;+Vofdf ljleGg kqklqsfdf cg';GwfgfTds n]vx?;d]t k|sflzt
ePsf 5g\ . lg/Gt/ nflu/xg] ckm\gf] of]Uotf / bIftf lgdf{0fdf lgk'0f
8f=e§/fO{ j+zs} /Tg x'g\ . pgsf] ;flxTo ;fwgf cem pGgtzLn aGg
;sf];\ eGg] sfdgf ub{5' .
@= s[lt k|sfzgsf] /rgfue{ / k"j{sfo{sf] ;txL ljj/0f
nIdLk|;fb b]jsf6f g]kfnL ;flxTosf dxfslj x'g\ . ;Dk"0f{ ljwfdf snd
rn]sf / nueu %)jif{sf] pd]/ kfPsf JolÎfmTj g]kfnL ;flxTo / /fi6«sf
uf}/j x'g\ . !)*cf}+ nIdL hoGtLsf] kfjg cj;/df ;j{k|yd nIdLk|;fbk|lt
xflb{s >4f~hln JoÎfm ub{5' . @)&);fndf Ps hgf cfdf kg]{ b]jsf]6fsf]
;x;| rGb|bz{g rf}/f;L k"hgdf d klg cfdlGqt lyPF . k"j{kl/lrt ldq
s]zj b]jsf]6fHo";Fu o; k':tssf] af/]df h] h:tf] ;+jfb eof] ToxL g}
k':ts k|sfzgsf] cfwf/ aGof] . ;Dk"0f{ b]jsf]6f hfltnfO{ d cfkm"n]
b]jsf]6fs} j+zj[Ifsf] ?kdf lnPsf] 5' . ef}lts hLjgdf dflg;x?sf w]/}
sdfO / u'dfO x'G5g\ . b]jsf]6f aGw' ;dfhn] of] s[lt k|sfzg u/]/ s]jn
n]vsf] dxÎj a9fPsf] xf]Og cfkm\gf k'vf{sf] ;Ddfg / g]kfnL ;flxTosf]
pGgogdf ;d]t dxÎjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'/ØfPsf] 5 eGg] d]/f] dfGotf 5 .
lrtjgsf b]jsf]6fx? b]zel/s} aGw'x?sf nflu k|]/0ffsf kfq ag]sf 5g\ .
o; k':Tfs k|sfzgsf] ;+of]hg s]zj b]jsf]6f, cWoIf /fdrGb| b]jsf]6f /
s[lt k|sfzgdf dxÎjk"0f{ ;xof]u ug]{ ;xof]uL xftx?df ;':jfYo Pjd\
bL3f{o'sf ;fy} pGglt / k|ultsf] sfdgf ub{5' . nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f
-!(^^–@)!^_ g]kfnL ;flxTodf ;j}eGbf a9L kl9Psf / ;dLIff ul/Psf
g]kfnLx?sf] d'6'sf w8\sg x'g\ . l;Ëf] g]kfnL ;flxTo Psflt/ /
b]jsf]6fsf ;Dk"0f{ s[ltx? csf{lt/ /fVg] xf] eg] b]jsf]6fsf s[ltx? g}
u'0ffTds ?kn] a9L jhgbf/ 7xl/G5g\ . pgsf ;f9] b'O{ bh{g v08sfJo,
k'ugk'u Ps bh{g dxfsfJo, ;ftj6f lgaGw–;+u|xx?, cg]sf}
sljtf;+u|xx?, e"ldsf ;dfnf]rgf, syf, pkGof;nufot c;+Vo s[ltx?
k|sflzt 5g\ . slt x/fP, sltnfO{ c?–c?n] cfkm\gf] gfddf 5fk] . of]
;a}sf] n]vfhf]vf g} 5}g . To; a]nfsf] c:tJo:t hLjgz}nLdf pgn] slt
n]Vg ;s]sf x'g\ cfh xfdL cln cln snd rnfpg]x?nfO{ cfZro{
nfU5 . ax'cfoflds JolQmTjsf wgL b]jsf]6fsf] ef}lts hLjgdf s'g}
k|sf/sf] d"Nof°g ePg . pgs} k|]/0ffdf lq=lj=sf] :yfkgf eP/ pRrlzIffsf]
hu a:g' / b]jsf]6fsf] d[To'kl5 dfq d"Nof°g x'g' ;+of]u g} dfGg'kb{5 .
k+lÎfmsf/sf] hfgsf/Ldf cfP cg';f/ !! hgf ljåfg\x?n] pgsf] af/]df
ljBfjfl/lw Ph.d. u/]sf 5g\ . tL JolÎfmTjx?sf] gfddfq pRrf/0f ub{5' .
OGb|ljnf; clwsf/L, s'df/afb'/ hf]zL, dxfb]j cj:yL, 3gZofd g]kfn, b'uf{
cof{n, g]qk|;fb Gof}kfg], /fdgfy cf]emf, /fdk|;fb 1jfnL
-s_, s[i0f/fh clwsf/L, ;~ho /fO{ jfGtjf / wg]Zj/ e§/fO{ d'Vo 5g\ .
o:t} b]jsf]6fnfO{ sfJogfos agfP/ dxfsfJo n]Vg] dxfsljx?df 5ljnfn
pkfWofo, >L xl/ km'Fofn / k"0f{k|sfz g]kfn ofqL k|d'v 5g\ . b]jsf]6fnfO{
pRr:t/df d"Nof°g ug]{ ljb]zL ljåfg\x?df 8f=No"bldnf cufgLgf ?;, 8f=
lzjdËnl;+x ;'dg ef/t, 8f= dfOsnx6 / 8f= P8e/ cf/= ldn/ a]nfot
pNn]Vo /x]sf 5g\ . -b]jsf]6fsf] hGd, sd{ / d[To'nfO{ d"Nof°g ug]{_
8f=js{n] cd]l/sfdf rlr{t 5g\ . b]jsf]6f hGd ztfAbL @)^^df %)hlt
;flxlTos klqsfsf ljz]iff° / Tolt g} pgL;Fu ;DalGwt k':tsx? klg
k|sflzt 5g\ . o:t} nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6fdfly km'6s/ n]vg / ;dfnf]rgf
sljtf OToflbaf6 d"Nof°g ug]{ n]vssf] ;+Vof !)))eGbf dfly 5 . Pp6}
d'gfdbgdfly %)) hgfeGbf a9L ;dfnf]rsx?n] ;dfnf]rgf u/]sf 5g\ .
tyflk pgsf] JolÎfmTj / s[ltx?nfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ k':ts n]Vg] :jtGq
n]vsx?sf] ;+Vof d]/f] hfgsf/Lcg'';f/ ;f9] b'O{ bh{g hlt 5 . tL ;a}sf]
gfd o; k|sf/ 5 – lgTo/fh kf08], r"8fdl0f aGw', g/]Gb|/fh k|;fO{, 36/fh
e§/fO{, /fh]Gb| ;'j]bL, df]bgfy k|l>t, b]jL g]kfn, /ljnfn clwsf/L .
OlGb/f k|;fO{, lzj /]UdL, df]xgaxfb'/ sfo:y, x]drGb| kf]v/]n, gf/fo0f
u8\tf}nf, O{Zj/ a/fn, lji0f's'df/ vqL, tf/fsfGt kf08]o, sf]zjk|;fb
pkfWofo, u0f]zaxfb'/ k|;fO{, rGb|]Zj/ b'j], hgsnfn zdf{ d'Vo x'g\ .
ljåQfk"0f{ e"ldsf;lxt b]jsf]6fsf] sfJoofqf k|jlQ / s[lt d"Nof°gnfO{
cfwf/ agfP/ / pRr:t/sf] d"Nof°g ug]{ k|f=8f= jf;'b]j lqkf7L
d"Nof°gstf{s} ?kdf cu| k+lÎfmdf cfpF5g\ .
#= s[ltleqsf] ljifo ;fdu|L
of] k':ts l8dfO ;fOhsf] nueu $)) k[i7sf] df]6fO ePsf] @)&#, !)* cf}+
nIdL hoGtLsf] kfjg cj;/ kf/]/ b]jsf]6f aGw' ;dfh lhNnf zfvf
lrtjgn] k|sflzt u/]sf] 5 . cufl8sf] cfj/0fdf gful/szf:q gfds
k':tsaf6 ;fef/ ul/Psf] dxfsljsf] pHHjn cfs[ltsf] kmf]6f] / kl5Nnf]
cfj/0fdf n]vssf] JolQmut kl/ro ljj/0f 5 . ;dk{0f, k|sfzg,
k|sfzsLo, cWoIfsf] sndaf6, n]vsLo, ljifo–;"rL, kl/lzi6df ;xof]uL
xftx?sf] lrq;lxtsf] ljj/0fdf kRrL; k[i7x? vlr{Psf 5g\ eg] #^%
k[i7df ljifo ;fdu|Lsf] ljZn]if0f / !) k[i7df ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx?sf] tYof°nfO{
;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfnL ;flxTosf cd/ ;fws b]jsf]6fk|lt n]vssf]
;dk{0f ePsf] o; s[ltdf k':ts k|sfzgsf k|d'v s]zj b]jsf]6fn] s'g
;Gbe{df k':ts k|sfzg ug{ yflnof] eGg] ljj/0f lbPsf 5g\ . b]jsf]6f aGw'
;dfhsf cWoIf /fdrGb| b]jsf]6fn] ;+:yf :yfkgfsf] p2]Zo, sfo{;ldlt,
k':tsk|sfzgsf] jftfj/0fdf ;xof]uL xftx?sf] gfdf°g;lxt s[t1tf JoÎfm
u/]sf 5g\ . n]vsLoleq 8f=wg]Zj/ e§/fO{åf/f ljBfjfl/lw u|Gysf] ;xfos
;fdu|L;Fu} k':ts n]vgdf ;xof]u ug]{ ldqx? / k|sfzgsf] rfFhf]kfFhf]
ldnfpg] JolÎfmnfO{ s[t1tf JoQm ul/Psf] 5 . To:t} s[ltleqsf kl/R5]b /
v08x?sf] af/]df dGtJo /flVfPsf] 5 . ljifo ;"rLsf zLif{s pkzLif{sx?df
^ k[i7x? vlr{Psf 5g\ .
$= kl/R5]b Ps–b]jsf]6fsf] hLjgL, JolQmTj / s[ltTj
o; v08df cg';Gwfg k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t !^ j6f pkzLif{sx? 5g\ . ljifo
kl/ro b]jsf]6fsfnLg ;dfh / kl/j]zsf] emns lbg', hGd / afNosfnleq
hGd s'08nL, gfd / afn;'ne :jefjsf] rrf{ ug'{, kfl/jfl/s, z}lIfs
cj:yfdf k}t[s kl/j]z, z}lIfs of]Uotf, sljtf r]tgfsf] ljsf; cflb !(&^–
!(();DDfsf] pgsf] hLjgL / z}lIfs ofqfdfly k|sfz kfl/Psf] 5 .
sljtfTds n]vg / k|sfzg klg k"j{jt\ ;donfO{ pj{/ dflgPsf] 5 . o;
afx]s kfl/jfl/s bfloTj, hfuL/] hLjg / n]vgdf lg/Gt/tf, agf/;sfnLg
b]jsf]6f, ;fdflhs, /fhg}lts ;lqmotf, e|d0f / r]tgflj:tf/, /f]uu|:t
cj:yf / hLjgsf] :j?k, cGTokl5sf ;Ddfg / ;Demgf, b]jsf]6fsf]
sljtfofqf / r/0fljefhg, sljtfofqfsf] kl/k|]Iodf dxfsfJoofqf /
r/0fljefhg, b]jsf]6fsf dxfsfJoofqfsf] ljj]rgf / lgisif{ u/L cg';Gwfg
k|ljlwsf cg]sf} pkzLif{sx?af6 of] k|yd kl/R5]b ;dfkg ePsf] 5 .
b]jsf]6fnfO{ ;a}n] pkof]u u/]sf] t/ ;'ljwf lbg] a]nfdf of] kfun xf] eg]/
;Îffsf dltof/x?n] pk]Iff u/]sf] l:ylt 5 . ;flxTosf/ h:tf] k|=d= ePsf
aL=kL=sf] ljj]sdf klg b]jsf]6fsf ;DaGwdf lasf]{ nfu]sf] 5 . /f]ufqmfGt /
d[To'sf] If0fsf b[ZolrqnfO{ n]vsn] OdfGbfl/tf / j:t'jfbL 9Ëaf6 lrq0f
u/]sf 5g\ . ;du|df of] kl/R5]b hLjgL / sfJoofqfsf] ;du|tf klg xf] .
o;n] k':tssf] %# k[i7 cf]u6]sf] 5 .
%= kl/R5]b b'O{ – ;fdflhs r]tgfdf ;}4flGts cjwf/0ff
o; d"n zLif{sleq !^ j6f pkzLif{sx? 5g\ . of] ljz'4 ;}4flGts /
P]ltxfl;s ljsf;qmdsf] ;dfh r]tgf;fk]If v08 xf] . sltko pkzLif{sx?
Ps cg'R5]bdf / sltko 5 k[i7;Ddsf] cfotgdf nlDaPsf 5g\ . ;dfh
r]tgfsf] sfnv08nfO{ sxL+ ;"rgfd"ns / sxL+ ljZn]if0ffTds ljlw
c+uflnPsf] 5 . tL pkzLif{sx?df ljifo kl/ro ;dfh zAbsf] Jo'Tklt /
cy{, ;dfhzAbsf] sf]zLo cy{, tfTko{ut cy{, ljljw cy{, ;fdflhs
r]tgfsf] kl/ro ;ffdflhs r]tgfsf] :j?k, dfS;{jfbL ;f}Gbo{ zf:qLo /
cWofTdjfbL tyf ;dfhjfbL r]tgf u/L !% k|sf/sf] gfdfjnL lbb} ljj]Ro
^j6f dxfsfJosf] ljZn]if0fLo cfwf/ klg oxL dflgPsf] 5 . ;flxTodf
;fdflhs r]tgfsf] ljsf;, kfZrfTo dxfsfJodf ;fdflhs r]tgf, k"jL{o
dxfsfJodf ;fdflhs r]tgf, g]kfnL ;flxTodf ;fdflhs r]tgf, k|fylds
sfn, dfWolds sfn, cfw'lgs sfn, g]kfnL dxfsfJosf] k[i7e"ld / k/Dk/f,
lgisif{ u/L of] v08 ;dfkg ePsf] 5 . ;du|df b]jsf]6fsf sfJo s[ltdf
;fdflhs r]tgfsf] ?kfGt/0f s;/L ePsf] 5 eGg] s'/fdf n]vssf] uxg /
ljåQfk"0f{ ax; ePsf] 5 . ljifo;"rL / leqL efudf ;d]t cg';Gwfgsf]
ljlw / k4ltcg';f/sf pk–zLif{sx? /flvPsf 5g\ .
^= kl/R5]b tLg – zfs'Gtn dxfsfJo
o; dxfsfJoleq cf/Deb]lv lgisif{;Ddsf !^ j6f pkzLif{sx? 5g\ .
ljifo kl/rodf o; dxfsfJosf] ;+lIfKt vfsf 5 eg] bf];|f] pkzLif{sdf o;
s[ltsf] /rgfue{ n]vssf] e"ldsf, o;sf ;u{, k[i7, Znf]s;+Vof, ;dfh
r]tgfsf ;Gbe{x?dfly k|sfz kl/Psf] 5 . g]kfnL dxfsfJo k/Dk/fdf g}
k|yd / df}lns dxfsfJosf ?kdf o;sf] hGd ePsf] 5 . 8]9 k[i7sf]
dxfsljsf] e"lesf g} ljBfjfl/lw Ph.d. sf] ;fdu|L aGg] vfnsf 5g\ .
g]=ef=k|=;=df= hfuL/] x'Fbf tLg dlxgfsf] km';{tsf] ;dodf /lrg', lj:tf/nfO{ g}
u'0f / cju'0fsf] k"jf{wf/ dfGg', slj cfkm}n] tLg dlxgfsf] /rgf / tLg
jif{sf] k9fO egL d"Nof°g ug'{, ljB't\ ultdf bf}l8Psf] n]vgL x'g' / o;
dxfsfJonfO{ euL/ysf] uËf;Fu t'ngf ug'{ h:tf ljz]iftf o;df 5g\ .
Ænf]slk|otf 6f9} hfcf];\ a'em]/ kl9lbg] dfG5] cf}+nf]df uGg kfP sfkmL 5 .æ
eGg] sygdf sljsf] :jLs[lt b]lvG5 . sljsf] cledtcg'';f/ of] dxfsfJo
k"0f{ gu/L ef/L la;fOPsf] k|tLt x'G5 . @ k+ltmb]lv ^) k+ltm;Ddsf Znf]s
/xg', #&! k[i7sf] cfotgdf !(#% Znf]s / !) xhf/ k+ltmx? ljBdfg
5g\ . dxfsljn] k"jL{o ;Eotfsf] o'u, ;do / ;dfhsf] ;+j]bgfnfO{ tkf]jg
;Eotf, Clifdfgj / dfgj;dfhsf] ljj]rgf u/]sf 5g\ . dxfsfJodf k|If]lkt
!% k|sf/sf r]tgfx?nfO{ uDeL/tfk"j{s ljZn]if0f ug]{ sfo{ ePsf] 5 . tL
r]tgfx?dWo] cfif{sfnLg, P]ltxfl;s, ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts, /fhg}lts,
bfz{lgs, Goflos, g}lts, /fli6«o, cfly{s, gf/LjfbL, k|0fo, k|s[ltjfbL
/x:ojfbL, o'uLg laDa, ljb|f]x / qmflGtr]tgf, ;f}Gbo{r]tgf / lgisif{ u/L
ljljw r]tgfx?sf] ljZn]if0ffTds ljj]rgfsf] qmddf o; u|Gysf !)# b]lv
!%@ k[i7;Dd u/L $( k[i7x? vlr{Psf 5g\ . k|:t't dxfsfJonfO{ sfnhoL
/ hLjgjfbL dxfsfJosf ?kdf lnOPsf] 5 .
&= kl/R5]b rf/ – ;'nf]rgf dxfsfJo
o; kl/R5]bdf klg kmd'{nfa4 ;qj6f pkzLif{sx? 5g\ . ljifo kl/ro
;"qfTds ePsf] / dxfsfJonfO{ s;/L ljj]rgf ul/Psf] 5 eGg] ;+s]t
lbOPsf] 5 . ;'nf]rgf dxfsfJo zLif{sdf o; s[ltsf] l;h{g k|lsofdf
b]jsf]6f g]=ef=k|=;=sf] hfuL/] / k'is/ ;dz]/;Fusf] cf]7] hjfkmx?df cfwfl/t
;+jfb, !) lbg] dxfsfJo n]lvlbg] ;+sNk, zfs'Gtn dxfsfJonfO{ g]kfnL
;flxTodf bfg lbP/ dfq gk'uL ;'nf]rgfnfO{ bfgk|lti7fsf] :j?k lbg' k/]sf]
lgolt, Jof; / u0f]zsf] z}nL tyf dxfef/tLo tl/sf ckgfP/ n]lvPsf]
k|;Ë pNn]v 5 . !% ;u{ !)$% Znf]s ;+Vof sljtfTds gf6ssf/ jf
kBfTds pkGof;sf/ aGg'k/]sf] cfTd:jLs[lt, sljtfsf k+lÎfmx?
-xjfOhxfh_ h'4 ;8ssf] df]6/ b}l8/x]sf] ultdf JoÎfm ePsf
cleJolÎfm;Fu}, kRrL; jif{sf] sfJo;fwgf / sljtfdf g} 306f}+ ax; ug]{ ;Sg]
r'gf}tL;d]t lbOPsf] 5 . ;fdflhs r]tgfsf] ;Gbe{nfO{ ljj]rgf ub}{
cfif{sfnLg r]tgf, P]ltxfl;s r]tgf, ;fdflhs ;+/rgfleq s=v=u=3= u/L
ju{sf cfwf/df pRr, dWod, lgDg, pd]/ jf k':tfsf cfwf/df k'/fgf] / gofF
k':tfsf] ;dfh, O{Zj/Lo cf:yfsf] cfwf/df cfl:ts / gfl:ts, ;fdflhs
lrGtg / r]tgfsf] cfwf/df k/Dk/fut ;fdGtL ;dfh, gofF / ;'wf/jfbL
;dfh eg]/ juL{s/0f ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;Fu} ;fF:s[lts r]tgf, /fhg}lts
r]tgf, bfz{lgs r]tgf, Goflos r]tgf, /fhg}lts r]tgf, cfly{s r]tgf, gf/L
r]tgf, k|0fo r]tgf, k|s[tjfbL /x:ojfbL r]tgf, o'uLg laDa, ljb|f]x / qmflGt
r]tgf, ;f}Gbo{ r]tgf / lgisif{ u/L o; dxfsfJosf] ljZn]if0fdf dfq $&
k[i7x? vlr{Psf 5g\ . ljåQfk"0f{ / k|v/ cleJolÎfm, j:t'jfbL ljZn]if0f
o;sf] k|flKt xf] .
*= kl/R5]b kf“r – dxf/f0ff k|tfk dxfsfJo
o; dxfsfJosf] ljZn]if0fdf !* j6f pkzLif{sx? /x]sf 5g\ . dxfsfJosf]
kl/ro;Fu} o;sf] syfj:t', Oltxf;, ;+:s[lt, gLlt, Gofo, /fli6«otf,
o'u;Gbe{ / ;f}Gbo{lrGtgdf s]lGb|t /xL ;fdflhs r]tgfsf !% j6f
pkzLif{s / Pp6f lgisif{ /x]sf] 5 . dxf/f0ff k|tfk dxfsfJo zLif{sdf
/rgfsfnsf] ptf/ r9fj, g]kfnL ;dfhsf] /fk / tfk;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 .
ef/tLo jL/ dxfk'/mif !& cf}+ ztfAbLsf d]jf8 g/]zsf] /fli6«o :jtGqtf,
:jfwLgtf lxGb" wd{ / ;F:s[lt, z"/tf, jL/tf, :j/fli6«o k|]dsf] r]tgfnfO{
o;df ljj]rgf ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf] k|yd k|sfzg @)@$ df x'Fbf !^ ;u{
jfl0f{s / dflqs 5Gbsf ^(# Znf]s ;+Vof ePsf] dWod :t/sf] dxfsfJo
elgPsf] 5 . dxf/f0ff k|tfksf] jL/ufyfnfO{ slj b]jsf]6fn] g]kfnL
;fdfhcg'?k ;dsfnLg o'u, ;do, ;dfh, /fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o ;Gbe{ /
g]kfnL hgqmflGtsf] k'gtfh{uLs/0fsf ;fy /fli6«o :jtGqtf, :jfledfg /
cfTd;Ddfgn] pRr efjgfnfO{ g]kfnL hgtfdf qmflGt / ljb|f]xsf] r]tgf
;Dk|]if0f ug{df b]jsf]6f ;kmn 5g\ eGg] s'/fdf n]]vsf] cledt 5 . csj/
/ dxf/f0ff k|tfksf] ;+3if{ / o'4x?sf] ufyf syfnfO{ k|tLsfTds ?kaf6
/f0ffzf;g / g]kfnL hgtfsf] dd{;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 . ;fdflhs r]tgfsf]
b[li6n] cGo dxfsfJosf] h:t} cfif{sfnLg, P]ltxfl;s, ;fF:s[lts, ;fdflhs
;+/rgf, /fhg}lts, bfz{lgs, Goflos, g}lts, /fli6«o cfly{s, gf/L k|0fo,
k|s[ltjfbL /x:osf/L, o'uLg laDa ljb|f]x / qmflGt;f}Gbo{ cflb r]tgfsf
kIfx?sf] ljZn]if0f ub}{ lgisif{df b]jsf]6fsf] /fi6«af]wL, ;dfhaf]wL r]tgf /
:jtGqtfsf] cfTd;Ddfgk"0f{ cl:tTjsf] r]tgfnfO{ pTsif{df k'/Øfpg] sfo{ o;
dxfsfJoaf6 ePsf] 5 . dxfsfJosf] ljZn]if0fdf $! k[i7x? pkof]u ul/Psf
5g\ .
(= kl/R5]b 5 –jgs';'d dxfsfJo
o; dxfsfJonfO{ k/Dk/fut h:t} zfs'Gtn / ;'nf]rgfsf] k|sfzg sfo{df
b]jsf]6fdf dxfsfJo n]vgsf] h'g Hjf/ef6f cfof] To;}sf] pkhsf ?kdf
o;nfO{ lng ;lsG5 . @)@% ;fndf ;f=emf=k|=af6 k|sflzt x'g', dWod:t/sf]
!) ;u{ / ^(@ Znf]s ;+Vof jfl0f{s / dflqs 5Gb sfod ul/g',
nf]ssyfsf] cfef; ldNg] syfj:t' lng', gflosf jgs';'dsf] gfdaf6
gfds/0f ug'{, nfj0o gu/Lsf /fhf dx]Gb|, o'j/fh g/]Gb|, dGqL ljs6fIf,
5f]/L k|ltefsf] ljifo ;fdu|Ldf syfj:t' /xg', sljn] o'uhLjg, ;dfh, ;do
/fhg}lts jftfj/0f zlÎfm / ;Îffsf] if8oGqdf nfUg] /0ffsfnLg kl/j]z
lrq0fsf] emns lbg' OToflb ;fdu|L o;df 5g\ . of] ;Fu} k|s[lt lrq0f,
k|fs[lts jftfj/0f, k|s[lt;Fusf] sljsf] ;dk{0f efj, k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{ /
dfgjLo ;Da4tfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbOPsf] 5 . /fli6«o :t/df k|hftflGqs
jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf ug'{ / cGt/f{li6«o :t/df b'O{ ljZj dxfo'4af6 cfqmfGt
;+;f/nfO{ zflGt, ;b\efj / dfgjtfsf] ;Gb]z lbg'sf ;fy} dfgjtfjfbL,
:jR5GbtfjfbL r]tgf JoÎfm ug'{df of] dxfsfJo ;kmn dflgPsf] 5 .
dxfsfJosf] ljZn]if0fsf qmddf !& j6f pkzLif{sx? 5g\ . cGo
dxfsfJox? h:t} ljifo, kl/ro;Fu} jgs';'d dxfsfJonfO{ klg ljljw
r]tgfsf k|sf/x?df ljj]rgf ul/Psf] 5 . h;df cfif{sfnLg, P]ltxfl;s,
;fdflhs ;+/rgf, ;fF:s[lts, /fhg}lts, Goflos, g}lts, /fli6«o, cfly{s,
gf/L r]tgf, k|0fo r]tgf, k|s[ltjfbL /x:ojfbL, o'uLg laDa, ljb|f]x / qmflGt
;f}Gbo{, r]tgfx?sf] ljZn]if0f;Fu} lgisif{df k|s[lt lrq0f / bGTo syfsf]
cf8af6 /f0ffsfnLg b/afl/of lqmofsnfk, g]kfnL /fli6«o /fhgLltsf
lrqx?sf] k|ltlaDanfO{ ;d]t ;fdflhs r]tgfsf] ?kdf ljZn]if0f ul/Psf]
5 . jgs';'d dxfsfJosf] ljj]rgfsf qmddf o; u|Gysf #^ k[i7x?df
;dLIffTds cleJolÎfm sfod /x]sf] 5 .
!)= kl/R5]b ;ft – k[YjL/fh rf}xfg dxfsfJo
o; dxfsfJonfO{ !* j6f pkzLif{sx?df ljj]rgf ul/Psf] 5 . @))# sf]
cf;kf; /lrPsf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . @)$( ;fndf dfq cfP/ k|sflzt
ul/Psf] b]lvG5 . d'gfdbgs} em\ofp/] 5Gb Go"gtd @ k+ltmb]lv clwstd
&* k+ltm;Ddsf !*$ k[i7sf] df]6fO @! ;u{sf] afXosn]j/ b]lvG5 . o;
dxfsfJoleq dWosfnLg ef/tLo Oltxf;df 3l6t 36gf k|an x'g', k[YjL/fh
rf}xfg;Fu ;Da4 jL/tf k|]d / wd{ufyfsf] ?kdf dxfsfJo k|:t't x'g',
ef/tLo /fHox?sf] Ifof]Gd'v k|j[lÎf, cfk;L snx, ctLtsf] lxGb" ;Eotf /
;F:s[ltnfO{ bogLo cj:yfdf u'hF|b} uPsf] 36gfnfO{ lrq0f ug''{, k[YjL/fhsf]
jL/tf, k/fqmd, w}o{, o'4 sf}zn, z:qf:q kl/rfngsf] ;fdYo{sf ;fy} ;To,
Gofo, wd{ tyf /fli6«otfk|ltsf] cfsif{0f / cl:tTjnfO{ klg dxfsfJoleq
ljj]rgfsf] ljoif agfOPsf] 5 . ef/tLo /fhfx? ;'/f, ;'Gb/Lsf] cf8df
ljnf;L hLjg JotLt u/L cfk;L zq'tfdf s]lGb|t ePsf] l:yltsf aLr
d'xDdb uf]/L / uhgLn] yf]/} ;]gfsf] e/df ;f]dgfy cfqmd0f u/]sf] ;Gbe{
s]nfOPsf] 5 . d'l:nd / k[YjL/fhsf] o'4x?df cfkm\gf] 6fpsf] sfl6P klg
wd{o'4df ePsf] d[To'nfO{ uf}/jsf] af]w u/L dxfsfJonfO{ k"0f{tf lbPsf] 5 .
o;sf ;fy} k|tLsfTds ?kaf6 @))@–# ;fnlt/sf] ef/tLo :jtGqtf ;+u|fd,
g]kfnLx?sf] /f0ffsfnaf6 d'lÎfm lng] k|of;sf] ;Gbe{, P]ltxfl;s jL/x?sf]
alnbfgLk"0f{ jL/ufyfnfO{ dxfsfJodf lrq0f ug'{, ;To, wd{, /fli6«otf,
:jtGqtf, k|]d, s?0ff dfgjtf cflb r]tgfnfO{ nf]snosf dfWodaf6 @!
;u{sf] aLrdf g]kfnL kg emNsfpg', /fli6«o r]tgf / :jtGqtsf] efjgfnfO{
pRr k|fyldstf lbg', slj b]jsf]6fn] :jR5Gbtf / ;f}Gbo{ r]tgfsf
:j/x?nfO{ k|v/ ?kdf ;d]6g' o; dxfsfJosf] klxrfg xf] . o;}u/L
k"j{jtL{ dxfsfJox?sf] ljZn]if0f ul/P h:t} o;sf] klg cfif{sfnLg,
P]ltxfl;s, ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts, /fhg}lts, bfz{lgs, Goflos, g}lts,
/fli6«o, cfly{s, gf/L, k|0fo, k|s[ltjfbL / /x:ojfbL, o'uLg laDa ljb|f]x /
qmflGt, ;f}Gbo{ / lgisif{ u/L ljljw zLif{sdf o; dxfsfJosf] ljj]rgf
ul/Psf] 5 . cufl8sf] h:t} k[YjL/fh rf}xfg sfJodf klg k|ljlw c+uflnPsf]
5 . dxfsfJosf] ljZn]if0f / d"Nof°gdf @&* b]lv #!# hDdf #^ k[i7x?
vlr{Psf 5g\ .
!!= kl/R5]b cf7 – k|ldy; dxfsfJo
o; kl/R5]bdf ljj]rgLo s[ltleq !* j6f pkzLif{x? 5g\ eg] ljifo
kl/rodf ljifonfO{ ;+s]t ul/Psf] 5 . k|ldy; dxfsfJoofqfsf] pQ/fw{
@)!) sf] cf;kf; /rgf ul/Psf] xf] eg] @)@*;fndf cfP/ o;sf] k|yd
k|sfzg x'g k'Uof] . u|Ls k'/fsyfsf] dfgjtfjfbL of] ;+3if{zLn kfqnfO{
ldys agfP/ ljZj ;flxTodf w]/} k[i7x? el/Psf 5g\ . of] dxfsfJo cGo
dxfsfJo em}+ geO{ n]vg, k'gn]{vg, cf+lzs n]vg, kl/:s/0f / k"0f{ ck"0f{sf
aLr cGTo ePsf] 5 . dxfsljn] k|z:t df}lnstfsf ;fy 9fn]/ o;sf]
/rgf u/]sf 5g\ . k|ldy; zAbsf] pRrf/0fdf ljljwtf 5, u|L;]nL b'MvfGt
gf6ssf/ Pl:sn;, :jR5GbtfjfbL c+u|]hL slj z]nL / jfO/g, hd{g slj
u]6] x'Fb} ljsl;t ePsf]] 5 . ;F:s[tsf] clUg b08 zAb;Fu efiffj}1flgs
;|i6fx?n] ;r]t / hfu?s, ;+3if{zLn, ljb|f]xL, lh1f;', lrGtgzLn,
:jtGqtfk]|dL, cu|ufdL r]tgfsf] ;+jfxs, gjLg d"Nosf] vf]hL cflb k|tLssf
?kdf cYof{OPsf] kfOG5 . OGb|]0fLsfnLg kl/is[t sfJo r]tgf d'vl/t x'g',
Go"gtd # k+ltmb]lv clwstd #* k+ltm;Ddsf] cleJoltmdf sfod x'g', !@%
k[i7, $#) Znf]s u'R5s / $)(@ k+ltm ;+Vof /xg' pÎf/fw{sfnLg ;fdflhs
r]tgfsf] ;+qmd0fsfnLg kl/j]zleqaf6} d'lÎfm :jtGqtf, qmflGt, ljb|f]x,
dfgjLo hLjg d"Nosf aLr b]jsf]6fn] kl/is[t ljåQfk"0f{ cleJolÎfmdf /rgf
u/]sf] uBnosf] o; s[ltn] k"0f{tf kfPsf] 5 . k|:t't dxfsfJosf] gfos
k|ldy;sf dfWodaf6 ;+;f/sf] s'g} klg b]z / ;dfh;Gbe{sf
ljifo;fdu|Lx? o;df cfpg] vfnsf 5g\ . ljZjhgLg / ;fj{sfnLg ?kdf
a'em\g / dgg ug{ ;lsg] x'Fbf dxfslj b]jsf]6fn] g]kfnL /fli6«o kl/j]zsf
;fy ljZjJofkL r]tgf / dfgjtfjfbL zfZjt bfz{lgs b[li6sf]0f o;df JoÎfm
u/]sf 5g\ . cufl8sf dxfsfJosf] ljZn]if0fLo k4lt o;df klg cjnDag
ul/Psf] 5 . cfif{sfnLg P]ltxfl;s, ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts, /fhg}lts,
bfz{lgs, Goflos, g}lts, /fli6«o, gf/L, k|0fo, k|s[ltjfbL /x:ojfbL, o'uLg,
laDa ljb|f]x / qmflGt;f}Gbo{, r]tgfx?sf] ljZn]if0fkZrft\ lgisif{df dxfslj
cfkm} k|ldy; ag]/ b]vfkg]{ ;f}Gbo{r]tgf k|v/?kdf JoÎfm ePsf] 5 .
dxfsfJosf] ljj]rgfdf $& k[i7x? vlr{Psf 5g\ .
!@= kl/R5]b gf}+ – pk;+xf/ tyf lgisif{
of] kl/R5]b nueu kfFr k[i7df 5 . b]jsf]6fsf dxfsfJodf ;fdflhs
r]tgfsf] k|flKt ;Dk"0f{ dxfsfJox?sf zlÎfm / ;Ldf cyf{t\ ;an / b'a{n
kIfdflysf] ljZn]if0f 5 eg] lgisif{df k"jf{w{sf] zfs'Gtn / pÎf/fw{sf] k|ldy;
elgPsf] 5 . ;fdflhs r]tgfsf] ;Dk"0f{ kIfnfO{ s]nfpFbf k"jL{o cfif{
;Eotfsf] hLjGt / HjnGt lrq0fsf ;fy} sljtfsf] af9L / cfFwLsf ?kdf
zfs'Gtn b]lvg', cleJolÎfm snfsf] k|v/tf, dfgjjfbsf] pRrtd ljb|f]x,
qmflGt / ;+3if{af6 k|fKt pHHjn dfgj;Eotfsf] lbzf lgb]{zg ug]{
pÎf/fw{sfnLg ofqfsf] r"8fGt ;f}4flGts k"jf{wf/sf ;fy ^ j6f
dxfsfJox?df #^% k[i7sf] cfotg /x]sf] 5 . of] u|Gy tof/ ug{sf nflu
!@* j6f k':ts tyf kq–klqsfsf] pkof]u ul/Psf] 5 . h;df g]kfnL,
lxGbL, c+u|]hL / ;F:s[t efiffsf k':tsx? pkof]u u/]/ k"0f{ cg'';Gwfg
k4ltsf ;fy o; ;dfnf]rgf u|GynfO{ k"0f{tf lbOPsf] 5 . k':ts
k|sfzgdf dxÎjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'/Øfpg] b]jsf]6f aGw'sf ;xof]uL xftx?sf]
gfd, 7]ufgf / lrq !) k|sf/sf 5g\ eg] >]i7, vgfn, jfUn] / uf}td
kl/jf/sf rf/ u/L k':tssf] cGTodf !$ j6f /+uLg lrqx?, gfd / 7]ufgf
/x]sf 5g\ . s[ltdf dxfslj b]jsf]6f, b]jsf]6f j+zsf dfq geO{ ;Dk"0f{
g]kfnLx?sf] /fli6«o uf}/j x'g\ eGg] ;Gb]z lbg vf]lhPsf] 5 . n]vs 8f=
wg]Zj/ e6§/fO{sf] ljåQf / s]zj tyf /fdrGb| b]jsf]6f;lxt b]jsf]6f
aGw';dfh lrtjgn] of] k':ts k|sfzg u/L g]kfnL ;flxTodf gofF O6f yKg]
sfd u/]sf 5g\ . of];Fu ;DalGwt ;a} JolQmTj wGojfbsf kfq ag]sf 5g\ .
:t/Lo sfuh, z'4 5kfO, kl/is[t cleJolÎfm, cfsif{s cfj/0fn] s[ltsf]
ul/df a9fPsf] 5 .
)))
slj k+= eLdsfGt kGyL / pxfFsf]
of]u;fwgf
 8f = e]if/fh cof{n
g]kfn ;+:s[t ljZjljBfno
jfNdLls ljBfkL7
sf7df8f}+
kf}/fl0fs ljifoj:t'df cfwfl/t hublDasfj}ejd\ / hubLZj/j}ejd\ b'O{
dxfsfJosf n]vs :juL{o slj k+= eLdsfGt kGyLsf] clehge"ld -k'Vof}{nL
3/_ u'NdL lhNnfsf] w'/sf]6 jfUnf a8frf}/ eGg] ufpFdf 5 . pÎfm b'O{
dxfsfJosf cltl/Îfm pxfFsf] ljljw ljifosf sljtfx?sf] ;+u|x
ÚljljwkBfjlnMÚ gfds csf]{ Pp6f s[lt klg @)%& ;fndf k|sflzt ePsf]
5 . clxn] ToxL ljljwkBfjlndf k|sflzt pxfFsf sljtfx?sf cfwf/df
pxfFsf] Úof]u;fwgf Ús:tf] lyof] eGg] ljifonfO{ dfq of] ;fgf] n]vdf b]vfpg
vf]lhPsf] 5 .
slj k+= eLdsfGt kGyL eÎfmslj / eb|JolÎfm x'g'x'GYof] . pxfFnfO{ lrgfpgsf
nflu of]eGbf w]/} n]lv/xg knf{ h:tf] nfUb}g . pxfFsf b'O{ dxfsfJosf]
ljifoj:t' g} b]jLb]jtfsf] elÎfm ePsf] x'gfn] pxfFnfO{ eÎfmslj eGg s'g}
c;lhnf] dfGg'kg]{ 5}g . ÚljljwkBfjlnMÚ leq klg pxfFsf w]/}h;f] sljtfx?
elÎfm ljifodf g} n]lvPsf 5g\ eGbf cTo'lQm x'g]5}g .Ú :tjflTdsfkBfjlnÚ
eg] k|s/0fcGtu{t –
!= dËnfr/0f, @= O{Zj/k|fy{gf,
#= cg]sljwk|fy{gf, $= zfnu|fdlznfi6sd\,
%= ;/:jtL:tf]qd\, ^= jfUjtL:tf]qd\,
&= nIdLk|fy{gf, *= elÎfmljifoM,
(= elÎfmul/df
h:tf zLif{sx?df ljeflht ;a} sljtfx?n] d"ntM elÎfmnfO{ ljifoj:t'
agfPsf 5g\ eGg] ;xh} a'lemG5 .
oLdWo] kl5Nnf b'O{ zLif{sx? ÚelÎfmljifoMÚ tyf ÚelÎfmul/df Ú leqsf 5'§f5'§}
b'O{ Znf]snfO{ oxfF p4/0f ug'{ k|f;lËs b]lvG5 . h:t} –
æj]b+ j]b g sd{ d] g ;'s[t+ df+;flGgj[Îf+ g df+
dLdf+;f >ot] g ts{kbjL+ dGb1dfgGbo]t\ .
of]uf]˜Kol:y/dfg;+ g ;xt] bfGt+ g j]bfGtjfs\
;f+Vo+ VofTou'0f+ g lsGt' ;/;f elÎfmd{df˜˜:tf+ x/f} .. Æ
-elÎfmljifo !@_
uf]kL elÎfmdj0f{oR5'tjtLij}tf;' s[i0fflGts]
elÎfmTjfledlth{ufd ulntf tf;f~r kfgLotfd\ .
t:dfb\ uj{snf+ ljxfo dg'h}e{lÎfmM k/]z] x/f}
st{Jof tt Pj lgj[{lt/n+ of]ufbof] b'is/fM . .
-elÎfmul/df (_
oL b'O{ sljtfcGtu{t klxnf] sljtfsf] t];|f] kfpsf] k"jf{w{df …of]uf]˜
Kol:y/dfg'';+ g ;xt]Ú eGg] jfSo / bf];|f] sljtfsf] rf}yf] kfpsf] pÎf/fw{df
…of]ufbof] b'is/fMÚ eGg] jfSo k/]sf 5g\ . oLdWo] klxnf]df pxfFn] …lrÎfr~rn
ePsf]n] dnfO{ of]un] ;xGgÚ eGg] cy{ / bf];|f]df …of]ux? ug{ ufx|f] 5Ú eGg]
cy{df atfpg'ePsf] 5 . of]ufEof; lqmofsf] k|f/lDes r/0fdf pxfFn] To;f]
eGg' / of]ufEof; ug{ ufx|f] nfUg' cToGt :jfefljs b]lvg cfpF5 . ;fy}
of]ufEof; lqmof ug{kl§ nfUg'ePsf] /x]5 eGg] oyfy{ s'/f klg pQm b'O{
sljtfdf p4[t jfSox?af6 a'‰g ;lsG5 . ca of]u s] xf] < eGg] s'/flt/
klg yf]/} ljrf/ ug'{ /fd|f] xf]nf . …o'lh/\ of]u]Ú eGg] wft'af6 ag]sf] of]u
zAbsf k|;Ëcg';f/ cg]s cy{x? a'lemg] eP klg of]uzf:qsf of]u;fwgfsf
k|;Ëdf eg] hLjfTdfsf] k/dfTdf;Fu ldng x'G5 / ;fy} of]u;fwgf ubf{ ug'{
kg]{ of]ufEof;lqmofsf cf7} c+ux? -cf;g, k|f0ffofd, d'b|fEof;, k|Tofxf/,
if6\sd{, Wofg, wf/0ff, ;dflw_ nfO{ klg …of]uÚ zAbn] a'emfpF5 . vf; u/L
pÎfm lqmofx?sf] cEof;af6 lrÎfsf j[lQ -Jofkf/_x?nfO{ lgolGqt ug{;Sg'
g} …of]ulZrQj[lQlg/f]wMÚ eGg] of]u;"qsf] cfzo /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o;} ;Gb{edf
g} slj k+= eLdsfGt kGyLn] k|of]u ug'{ePsf] …of]ufbof] b'is/fMÚ eGg] jfSosf]
cy{n] d]n vfPsf] 5 h:tf] nfUb5 .
o; ;+u|xsf] …cfTds]lGb|tf kBfjlnMÚ k|s/0fcGtu{t slj k+= eLdsfGt
kGyLåf/f …:yfgkl/roMÚ eGg] zLif{sdf k|f}9 kfl08Tok""0f{ z}nLdf n]lvPsf !)
Znf]s sljtfx?n] cfkm\g} ufpF3/df pxfF /xFbfsf] oyfy{ j:t'l:yltnfO{
k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . tLdWo] gjf}+ sljtfnfO{ ljrf/ ubf{ –
…pTyfof;"lGgoDofx/x/mifl; of] a|XdlrÎff+ ljwÎf]Ú
k|ftM;Tsd{leM :j}/g'dltljlxt}Jo]{lt o:o}sofdM .
dWofXg] zf:qlrGtf hgs[tjrgk|Zgz°f;dflwM
;fo+ ;GWoflbrof{ tbg' r zog+ sf] g tfb[s\ ;'vL :oft\ ..(..
o; sljtfsf] klxnf] kfpdf plNnlvt jfSoaf6 pxfFn] laxfg} p7]/
l:y/f;gdf a;L k|f0ffofd cEof;sf ;fy} k|0fj dGqfIf/fTds a|XdlrGtg ug'{
x'GYof] eGg] :jfg'ej :ki6} b]lvG5 . To;sf ;fy} laxfgsf] ;do :gfg, hk,
lkt[tk{0f, b]jk"hg, alnj}Zjb]j Pj+ kf7 cflb ;Tsd{ ubf{ laTbYof], lbpF;sf]
;do zf:qlrGtg Pj+ 3/df zf:qLo ljifodf ;f]Wg cfPsf dflg;x?sf]
z°f ;dfwfgk"j{s pÎf/ lb+bf laTbYof] / ;fFemsf] ;do ;GWoflb sd{ ubf{
laTbYof] . o;/L ;do latfpg kfPsf]df pxfFnfO{ ;'vsf] cg'ej x'GYof] eGg]
s'/f klg pÎfm sljtfaf6 :ki6 x'G5 .
To;}u/L o; k|sf/0fleqsf] …ljlw;+If]kMÚ zLif{scGtu{t ljåÎffk"0f{ z}nLdf
n]lvPsf !# Znf]s sljtfx?sf] kf7sx?nfO{ ;bfrf/lgi7 e}
st{Jokfngsf] lgb]{z u/]sf 5g\ . o; sljtfnfO{ pxfFn] hLjgsf] 5fofFlrq
jf pxfFn] 5f]/fx?nfO{ ug'{ePsf] …st{Jof]kb]zÚ xf] eGbf cem ;'xfpFbf] x'G5
h:tf] nfUb5 . o;} sljtfsf] P3f/f}+ Znf]sn] pxfFsf] dg of]u;fwgfdf
;+nUg lyof] eGg] s'/fnfO{ 5n{Ë kf/]sf] 5 . h:t} –
Æk|f0ffg\ ;"of{rGb|of]Mzf]wo]yfM sl~rTsfn+ s'Des] /f]wo]yfM .
gf8L+ d"nfÎffn'uf+ ;fwo]yf hLjGd'Îfmf]˜tLTo nf]s+ /d]yfM . æ
o; sljtfaf6 pxfFn] k|f0fofd lqmofsf] cEof; ug'{ePsf] / ;'if'D0ff gf8L
;fwg u/L s'08lngL zlÎfmnfO{ dfly p7fpg'ePsf] af]w x'G5 .
To:t} o; sljtf;+u|xsf] …bfz{lgsL kBfjlnMÚ k|s/0fcGtu{t …lrÎfr]tgfÚ
zLif{sdf klg cToGt} k|f}9 kfl08Tok""0f{ bfz{lgs z}nLdf n]lvPsf !& Znf]s
sljtfx?åf/f pxfFn] hLjfTdf;Fu Psfsf/ geO{ aflx/L OlGb|osf ljifo?k
k|k~rdf /dfpg vf]Hg] cfkm\gf] lrÎfnfO{ /fd|/L ;r]t agfpFb} Åboleq /x]sf]
hLjfTdf;+u ldn]/ lzjdo a|XdtTTjdf ldNbf cd[t vfg kfpg] s'/f ;+emfpg'
ePsf] 5 . h:t} –
/] Û dlRrÎf Û bz}lGb|o}/lk w[t+ s0ff{lIfgf;flbs+
tb\åf/f alxl/lGb|ofy{ljifofg\ e'~hGt' zAbflbsfg\
Tj+ TjGtÅ{lb jt{;]˜gj/t+ s0ff{BefjfRr ls+
j]b}M k|f]ÎfmdrIf'l/TolwÅb+ a|Xdfd[t+ g]R5l; <
-Znf]s % lrÎfr]tgf_
o;/L pÎfm sljtfdf k|:t't ul/Psf s'/fx? / oyfy{ hLjgdf klg pxfFsf]
aflx/L ljifosf k|k~rdf b]lvPsf] c;+nUgtf, lg:k[xtf, lgnf]{e Pj+ zflGt /
;Gtf]ifaf6 klg oL cfkm\g} cg'ejl;4 s'/fx? x'g\ eg] ;xh} ljZjf; ug{
;lsG5 . To:t} o; zLif{sleqsf] csf]{ sljtfaf6 pxfFn] lrÎfnfO{ cfkm"leq}
lgoGq0f u/]/ 7"nf] cfgGbsf] ;fu/df 8'afpg] ug'{x'GYof] eGg] yfxf kfpg
;lsG5 . h:t} –
…/] dlRrÎfrsf]/ Û bLKtljifoflUgHjfndfnflGts]
Hof]T:gfkfgt[iff g oflx lxdu'ef| GTof˜ltbGbXo;] .
dof{bfdljnª\£o t] l:yltl/x :jfGtM ;d'b|] olb
>'To'ÎfmM ztwf g ls+ Tjlo ej]bfgGbrGb|f]boM .. æ
-Znf]s !# lrÎfr]tgf_
o;/L pxfF of]u;fwgdf nfUg'ePsf] / aflx/L ljifo?k k|k~rdf nfUg rfxg]
lrÎfnfO{ /f]s]/ leqL cgGb;fu/df 8'afO{ v'zL kfg'{ePsf] /x]5 eGg] s'/f o;
zLif{sleqsf c?c? sljtfx?af6 klg kf7sx?nfO{ a'‰g ;lhnf] kb{5
eGg] 7fGb5' . To;sf nflu ;a} sljtfx?nfO{ oxfF pb\w[t ug'{ knf{ h:tf]
nfUb}g .
To;}u/L o;} k|s/0fcGtu{t …lrGtffljifoMÚeg] zLif{sdf n]lvPsf cf7 Znf]s
sljtfx?n] hLjgdf cfO kg]{ ljleGg nf}lss Pj+ ef}lts lrGtf u/] h:tf]
b]vfPsf eP klg tL ;a} lrGtfx?nfO{ 5f8]/ …cfTdlrGtfÚ g} lrGtg ug{
nfos ljifo xf] . c? ;a} lrGtfx? t Joy{df ul/g] x'g\ . ltgsf]
jf:tljs k|of]hg 5}g eGg] b]vfpg'ePsf] 5 . h:t}–
k"j{ ;T;ßlrGtf o'jltkl/0fofzflblrGtf ;'tflKt–
lrGtf ;TIf]qlrGtf k|r'/wlgstfnlAwlrGtf b'/Gtf .
k'qf]GdfbflblrGtf˜u'0f;u'0fjw"åfxlrGtf˜y gKt[–
lrGtf hfu|Tod"Zj]t\ :d[ltlgudutf XofTdlrGtf t' lrGTof ..@..•
o; k|sf/ …ljljwkBfjlnMÚ gfds sljtf;+u|xleqsf pkrlr{t sljtfsf
zLif{sx?cGtu{t n]lvPsf sljtfx?sf] /fd|/L kl/zLng u/]df slj k+=
eLdsfGt kGyL of]u;fwgfdf nfUg'ePsf] s'/f a'‰g ;lsG5 .
clxn] dflg;x?n] s'g} k|sf/sf] zf/Ll/s /f]u lgjf/0fsf nflu slxn] sfxL+
s'g} k|sf/sf] of]uf;g ug{ vf]h] h:tf] ;fdfGo of]uf;g dfq ug]{ s'/f geP/
slj k+= eLdsfGt kGyLn] t jf:tljs ?kdf zAb–:kz{–?k–/;–uGw–gfds
kfFr ljifox?df nfUg] >f]q–Tjs–rIf'–lhXjf–3|f0f gfds kfFr 1fg]lGb|o /
jfs\–kfl0f–kfo'–kfb–pk:y gfds sd]{lGb|osf ;fydf nfu]/ /dfPsf] ;a}
OlGb|osf] :jfdL;d]t of]u;fwgfs} dfWodaf6 lhTg'ePsf] lyof] / c?x?nfO{
klg o;} u/L dgnfO{ lhTg'k5{ eGg] ;Nnfx lbg'ePsf] 5 . o;/L –
?k]0f]lGb|odlIf ;"lQmdw'leM >f]q+ TjrMZn]if0f}}
3|f{0f+ lgZjl;t} /;}Zr /;gf+ ;j]{lGb|ofy}d{gM .
jfufbLGolk k~r jfs\k|e[ltleM ;Ddf]xoGtL lk|of–
dfl>Toflk ho]b\ b'l/lGb|ol/k"g\ /fh]j b'uf{>oM ..
-OlGb|o ljhoM !_
pÎfm sljtfdf cfkm" / cfkm\gf OlGb|o / OlGb|osf ljifox?åf/f cfkm"nfO{
aflx/L ljifo jf;gfdf e'nfpg vf]Hg lk|otdf -hLjg;+lugL_ sf ;fydf /x]/
klg tL b'a}nfO{ cyf{t\ dgnfO{ / dg r~rn u/fpg] hLjg ;+lugLnfO{ ;d]t
lhTg'k5{ eGg] cfkm\gf] cg'ej atfpFb} c?nfO{ klg To:t} ug]{ ;Nnfx
lbg'ePsf] 5 .
To:t} o;} k|s/0fcGtu{t /x]sf] j}/fUod\ zLif{scGtu{t n]lvPsf ;a}
sljtfx?n] pxfFsf] dg aflx/L ljifo k|k~rdf /dfpGgYof] . pN6} jlgtf /
jlgtfsf ljleGg cjojx?nfO{ pxfFn] lj?k, ljs[t, aLeT; b]Vg'x'GYof] .
ctPj To;af6 pxfFnfO{ j}/fUoaf]w ePsf] lyof] eGg] b]vfPsf 5g\ . o:tf]
j}/fUoaf]w x'g' ;fdfGo s'/f xf]Og, Tof] cjZo klg of]u;fwgfdf ;+nUgtf
eP/} xf] eGg] s'/f kf7sx?n] klg a'‰gnfos 5, aflx/L ljifoj:t' Pj+
jf;gfTds k|k~rnfO{ pxfF s:tf] b]Vg' x'Yof] / c?nfO{ klg s;/L To;af6
ljd'v x'g'k5{ eGg] ;Nnfx lbg'x'GYof] eGg] s'/f pxfFs} Ps sljtfaf6 5n{Ë
a'lemG5 . h:t} –
eLlt+ r]b\ ej ;fu/fb\ ljtg'if] s[i0ffl‖kß+ :d/
dGbTj+ sljtf;' t] olb dt]jf{0fL+ ;df/fwo .
sfGtf+ lrGto;] j[yfg'lbj;] dfof+ x/]lZrGtof–
GtM;f/l:yltz"Got'R5ljifo]˜gf:yf+ ;b}jfr/ ..
-j}/fUod\ Znf]s ^_
o; sljtfsf rf/} kfpsf cfBfIf/sf] ;+of]hgaf6 pxfFsf] gfdfIf/ k"0f{ b]lvg]
ePsf]n] of] s'/f pxfFsf] d"n l;4fGt lyof] eGg] klg ;xh} cg'dfg ug{
;lsG5 .
To;}u/L o;} k|s/0fcGtu{t /x]sf] …1fgd\Ú zLif{sdf n]lvPsf cf7 Znf]s
sljtfx?n] cGo ;fw/0ff ljifosf] 1fg klg of]u;fwgaf6]} ePsf] /x]5 eGg]
s'/f of]u;fwgfsf] cyf{t\ s'08lngL hfu/0fsf] qmd b]vfP/ To;af6 k|fKt
x'g;Sg] cd[t/;sf] pNn]v;d]t ug'{ePsf] tnsf] Pp6} kBaf6 hfgsf/L
x'G5 . h:t}–
cf/Eofwf/d"nfb'kl/utd'kEj|Gt/+ rqmrqm+
klBGo]sf;x;|R5bs';'djtL zf]et]˜wf]d'vL r .
lje|f6\ ;lRrT:j?kf]˜d[t/; Oj o2]xu]gfTdgfdf–
;"Rou|] s"kif6\s+ tb'kl/ gu/L tq uËfk|jfxM . .
-1fgd\ Znf]s %_
o;k|sf/ ljljwkBfjlnM @)%& sljtf;+u|xleqsf pkrlr{t sljtfx?af6
slj k+= eLdsfGt kGyLsf sljtfx?df ljåÎff, k|f}9tf, sljTj, ufDeLo{ /
pxfFsf] of]u;fwgfnfO{ ;d]t a'‰g ;lsG5 .
cGttM dTo{nf]sdf hGd lng] ;a} k|f0fLsf] hLjg gZj/ 5, d/0fzLn 5, of]
ljlw lgod g} ePsf]n] pxfFn] klg o; dTo{nf]snfO{ 5f]8\g'k/Øf] /
5f]8\ge' of] . o;df cfZro{ dfGg'kg]{ / b'Mv dfGg'kg]{ s'/f 5}g . jt{dfg
;dodf hLljt /x]sfx?n] klg To;}u/L of] dTo{nf]snfO{ Ps lbg
5f]8\gk} 5{ .
lsGt' slj k+= eLdsfGt kGyL o; dTo{nf]sdf /x]/ afFr'~h]n s;/L afFRg'eof]
eGg] s'/f rflx+ afFr]sfx?n] a'‰gnfos 5 .
cGtdf slj k+= eLdsfGt kGyLsf] of]u;fwgaf6 k|fKt a|Xdb[li6 s:tf] lyof]
eGg] Ps sljtfsf] pNn]v ub}{ of] n]vgLnfO{ lj>flGt lbG5' .
ÆgLn+ vd'Nn;lt oBlk ?kxLg+
s[i0f:j?kdlk lgu'{0fldTydfx'M .
lrÎf] sbfKolj/xft\ vu'0f+ ddfl:t
ls+ a|Xd lgu'{0fdjfkdx+ g dGo] ..æ
-1fgd\– Znf]s *_
pÎfm Znf]ssf] g]kfnL efiffdf 5fofg'jfb klg slj k+= eLdsfGt kGyLs}
zAbdf o:tf] 5M
Æb]lvG5 lgu'{0f ge:tn gLn –?k
>Ls[i0f–?k pkdf lbg ldN5 v"k .
of] lrÎfdf u'0f ToxL 5 / x'Gg b"/
s] a|Xd lgu'{0f d kfOg eGb5' / Û ..æ
-km'6s/ Znf]s k[= !%), ljljwkBjflnM @)%&_
)))
Kf'is/ cys /]UdLsf] afnu]8L–;ª\u|x
cIftfsf] ljZn]if0f
 6+sk|;fb kGy
tfg;]g, kfNkf
!=!= ljifok|j]z
;flxTosf/ k'is/ cys /]UdL g]kfnL ;flxTosf If]qdf cys ?kdf
lqmofzLn k|ltef x'g\ . logL kfNkfdf /x]/ g]kfnL jfª\do / ;flxTosf]
;]jfdf c6'6 ?kdf nfuL cfkm\gf] k|ltefnfO{ qmdzM km}nfpFb} cufl8 a9]sf
5g\ . k|fWofkg tyf k|zf;lgs sfo{df ;+nUg /]UdL ljleGg ;flxlTos tyf
;fdflhs ;+3;+:yfx?;Fu klg cfa4 /xL cfkm\gf] lqmofzLn JolQmTjnfO{
k|bz{g u/]sf 5g\ . kfNkf ;flxTo ;dfh clg ;flxTo tyf :jf:Yo
k|lti7fg kfNkfsf] cWoIfsf] e"ldsfdf /x]sf /]UdL cys ;fwssf ?kdf
;dlk{t b]lvG5g\ . h;sf] kl/0ffd logsf Ps bh{g s[ltx? k|sfzgdf
cfO;s]sf 5g\ . l;h{gf, ;dfnf]rgf tyf :jtGq n]vgdf snd rnfpg]
/]UdLsf] ;fwgf k|v/ ?kdf cufl8 a9]sf] 5 . sljtf, syf, pkGof;,
uhn, d'Qms cflb ljwfsf cltl/Qm gjgj l;h{gftkm{ cEof; ug'{ klg
logsf] /mlr /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o:t} efiff, snf, ;flxTo, ;+:s[lt, lzIff,
vf]h–cg';Gwfg, hLjgL, kl/ro h:tf ljljw ljwf / If]qdf klg logsf]
snd cgj/t ?kdf rn]sf] kfOG5 . l;h{gfsf If]qdf s'/f ubf{ gofF gofF
k|of]utkm{ cled'v x'g' logsf] k|j[lQ g} dfGg'kb{5 . ;flxTosf uB / kB
b'a} ljwfdf snd rnfpg] cys kl5Nnf] ;dodf afn;flxTotkm{ cfs[i6
ePsf] kfOG5 . afnsx?sf] pd]/, /mlr, lh1f;f tyf pgLx?s} efiff /
efjgfnfO{ ;dft]/ s[ltsf] /rgf ug'{ r'gf}tLk"0f{ sfo{ xf] . t/ /]UdLn]
afnuhn, afnsyf / afnsljtfsf s[ltx? k|sfzgdf Nofpg ;kmn ePsf
5g\ . afn;flxTosf If]qdf /]UdLsf] k|efjnfO{ x]bf{ eljio / ;Defjgf
cg's"n /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o; n]vdf @)&^ efb|df k|sflzt /]UdLsf] cIftf
-;lrq afnu]8L–;ª\u|x_ dfly k|sfz kfg]{ p2]Zo /x]sf] 5 .
!=@= k'is/ cys /]UdLsf] kl/ro
Kf'is/ cys /]UdLsf] hGd kfNkfsf] tfg;]gdf ePsf] xf] . uf]/f] j0f{ tyf
;/b/ g]kfnLsf] sb ePsf /]UdLn] :gftsf]Q/;Ddsf] lzIff pQL0f{ u/]sf
5g\ . nfdf] ;do lzIf0f sfo{df ;dlk{t logL kl5Nnf] ;dodf k|fWofkg
tyf k|zf;lgs lhDd]jf/Ldf /x]/ sfo{;Dkfbg u/]sf 5g\ . ;w}F ;lqmo /
k|;Gg d'b|fdf b]lvg] /]UdL k|To]s ;do s'g} g s'g} sfddf tNnLg /x]sf
x'G5g\ . sd{k|ltsf] lgi7f / OdflGbfl/tfsf sf/0fn] g} ljleGg ;+:yfx?df
cfa4 eO{ cfkm\gf] lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug'{ klg logsf] cys JolQmTjsf] kl/0ffd
xf] . lbgdf ;w}F aflx/ lqmofzLn /xg] /]UdL /ftsf] ;'Tg] ;donfO{ s6f}tL
u/L ;flxTo l;h{gf ub{5g\ . o:tf] nfU5 k'is/ cys /]UdL lg/Gt/sf]
;fwgfn] p7]sf ;flxlTos k|ltef x'g\ .
Kf'is/ cys /]UdLsf k|sflzt s[ltx?sf] ;"rLnfO{ x]bf{ afx|j6f s[ltx?
logn] kf7s;dIf NofPsf 5g\ . ckm;f]r =-uLlt pkGof;_ af6 yflnPsf]
s[lt k|sfzgsf] nfddf afx|f}F s[ltsf ?kdf cIftf ;lrq afnu]8L–;ª\u|x
/x]sf] 5 . b]jgfu/L lnlksf] klxnf] :j/j0f{ …cÚ k|lt /]UdLsf] cufw cf:yf
/x]sf] b]lvG5 . h;n] ubf{ ;a}h;f] s[ltsf] gfds/0f o;} j0f{af6 ul/Psf]
5 . oL afx|j6f s[ltdf klg ljwfut ljljwtfsf] :jfb kfpg ;lsG5 .
o;sf cltl/Qm /]UdLsf km'6s/ n]v/rgf, sljtf, uhn tyf
;dfnf]rgfTds n]vx? klg 7"nf] ;ª\Vofdf k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ . cem
dxÎjk"0f{ s[ltx? k|sfzgdf Nofpg] of]hgf agfPsf /]UdL gjLg k|of]u /
k|j[lQnfO{ /Tofpg a9L pT;'s b]lvG5g\ . kfNkf If]qdf s[lt k|sfzgdf
;+VofTds km8\sf] dfg{ / ;+3;+:yfdf lqmofzLn eP/ nfUg] s'/fdf logL
cu|0fL df]rf{df /x]sf 5g\ . logsf] lqmofzLntf / nugzLntfnfO{ x]bf{
g]kfnL ;flxTo jfl6sfdf logsf w]/} s[ltx? cfpg] ck]Iff ug{ ;lsG5 .
!=#= cIftf s[ltdfly rrf{
;flxTon] ;dfhsf ;a} pd]/, lnª\u, ju{, e"uf]n / ;d'bfosf dflg;sf
;d:ofx?nfO{ ljifo agfpF5 . ;flxTosf] cf:jfbg klg tL ;a} txsf
JolQmn] ub{5g\ . JolQmsf afns, lszf]/, o'jf, jo:s, j[4 pd]/cg';f/sf
/mlr / cfu|xx? x'G5g\ . ljleGg pd]/ ;d"xsf nflu eg]/ lsQfsf6 u/L
;flxTo n]Vg] cEof; geP klg afnhut\nfO{ s]lGb|t u/L n]lvPsf
;flxlTos s[ltx? eg] k|z:t kfOG5g\ . /fli6«o ?kdf g]kfn k|1fk|lti7fgn]
afn;flxTo ljefu u7g u/L afn;flxTosf If]qdf uf]i7L, ;]ldgf/,
cled'vLs/0f h:tf lqmofsnfkx? klg ;~rfng u/]sf] kfOG5 . o;} u/L
efiff lzIf0fdf afnaflnsfx?nfO{ k7gk|lt /mlr hufpg afn;flxTosf
;fdu|Ldf ljz]if hf]8 lbPsf] kfOG5 . afnssf] dl:tisnfO{ ltvfg{, g}lts
lzIff k|bfg ug{, c;n af6f]df lxF8fpg, eljiosf] nIo /fvL cufl8 a9\g,
7"nfk|lt cfb/ / ;fgfk|lt :g]xefj k|s6 ug{, v/fa af6f]df gnfuL eljio
lgdf{0f ug{, efiff, snf, ;+:s[lt / /fi6«nfO{ dfof ug{, ;dfhdf ldn]/ a:g,
;sf/fTds ;f]+rsf] ljsf; ug{ afn;flxTon] s8Lsf] sfd ub{5 . o:tf]
dxÎj af]s]sf] If]qdf snd rnfpg' cj;/ / r'gf}tL b'a} xf] . afn;+;f/nfO{
s]lGb|t u/L /]UdLn], cg'/f]w, cnu af6f] / cIftf h:tf ljljw ljwfsf
s[ltx? k|sfzgdf NofO{ afn;flxTotkm{sf] cfkm\gf] ;fwgf Ifdtfsf] kl/ro
lbPsf 5g\ . afnssf] efjgf, /mlr tyf dfgl;s IfdtfnfO{ s]lGb|t u/L
n]lvPsf logsf s[ltx? afnsx?sf nflu v'/fs ;flat ePsf 5g\ .
!=#=!= ;+/rgf kIf
Kf|:t't s[lt ;lrq afnu]8L–;ª\u|xsf] ?kdf k|sfzgdf NofOPsf] 5 . uLtsf
u]8fx?nfO{ afnaf]nLdf 9fnL u]8Lsf ?kdf oxfF k|:t't ul/Psf] cg'ej
x'G5 . cfj/0f k[i7afx]s of] s[lt hDdf aQL; k[i7df lgld{t 5 .
k|sfzssf] cfkm\gf] ;Ldf / k|rngn] ubf{ aQL; k[i7df ;Lldt x'g k'u]sf]
;ª\s]t kfpg ;lsG5 . s[ltleq k|j]z u/L x]bf{ ;dk{0f, z'esfdgf, e"ldsf,
k|sfzsLo / ljifo;"rLn] gf} k[i7 ;d]6]sf] kfOG5 . :juL{o :jhgx? dftf,
lktf / lbbLk|lt s[lt ;dlk{t /x]sf] 5 . k[i7 bzb]lv PstL;;Dd
P3f/j6f afnu]8Lsf] ;lrq k|:t'lt /x]sf] 5 . aQL;f}F k[i7df ;xof]uLx?nfO{
s[t1tfefj k|s6 ul/Psf] 5 . zLif{s cg's"n cfj/0f k[i7df cu|hn]
afnaflnsfnfO{ /ftf cIftf nufOlbPsf] t:jL/ cª\lst 5 . cfj/0f k[i7sf]
kZrefudf ;|i6fsf] t:jL/, kl/ro / s[ltTj pNn]v ePsf] ;dLIffTds
l6Kk0fL clg /]UdLåf/f k|sflzt afx|j6f s[ltnfO{ qmlds ?kdf ljGof;
ul/Psf] 5 . uf]hLdf /fVg ldNg] cfsf/ut 9fFrfdf s[ltsf] lgdf{0f ul/Psf]
5 . uf}/L klAns];gsf] cfu|xdf aQL; k[i7sf] ;+/rgfTds 9fFrfdf o;
s[ltsf] sn]j/ lgdf{0f ePsf] kfOG5 .
o; s[ltsf] cfGtl/s ;+/rgfnfO{ cWoog ubf{ ljleGg zLif{sdf P3f/j6f
u]8Lx? /flvPsf 5g\ . ljifosf] emns lbg] u/L k|To]s u]8Ldf lrqx? klg
cª\lst ul/Psf 5g\ . o:tf lrqx?n] ljifosf] dd{nfO{ yk k|sfz kfg]{
sfd u/]sf] b]lvG5 . afnsljtfsf] clek|fo / ;+j]bgfnfO{ Vofn u/L
lrqx?sf] ;+of]hg ul/Psf] 5 . afnsx?df zAbnfO{ klxNofpg] 1fg /
;'emsf] sdL eP klg lrq jf t:jL/sf dfWodaf6 efjsf] ;Dk|]if0f x'g] x'gfn]
o:tf lrq / emnsx?sf] cxd\ e"ldsf /x]sf] kfOG5 . sljtfsf] ;+/rgfut
9fFrfnfO{ b[li6 lb+bf k|To]s zLif{s jf u]8Ldf tLgj6f Znf]s ;+/rgf jf
kmfFsLsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] 5 . klxnf b'O{ k+lQm ;/b/ kfFrb]lv ;ft
zAbdf, t];|f] k+lQm Ps zAbdf / rf}yf] k+lQm rfxL+ tLgb]lv rf/ zAbdf
lgld{t ePsf] b]lvG5 . o;df klg …;fyLÚ zLif{ssf] sljtfsf] clGtd
Znf]ssf] rf}yf] k+lQm b'O{ zAbdf lgld{t /x]sf] / …hgfj/Ú zLif{ssf] klxnf]
Znf]ssf] clGtd k+lQm kfFr zAbdf lgld{t 5 . afn;'ne ?kdf ufog snf
jf u]ofTds ?kdf 9fnL ;fª\uLlts 56f k|bfg ug]{ s'/f klg ljlzi6
k|s[ltsf] b]lvG5 . cg'k|f;Lo ljwfgsf] ;+of]hgnfO{ x]bf{ dflyNnf b'O{ k+lQmdf
cGTofg'k|f; cfof]hgf u/L t];|f] k+lQmsf] Pp6f zAbsf cfwf/df rf}yf] k+lQmsf]
clGtd zAbsf] cg'k|f; ldnfO{ u]ou'0f ;DkGg agfOPsf] 5 . sljtfsf]
cfGtl/s ;+/rgf ldnfpgdf klg slj ;r]t b]lvG5g\ . oBlk s'g}s'g}
k+lQmsf] ufogdf ;xhtf / :jfefljstf cfpg ;s]sf] b]lvFb}g . o:t} s]xL
zAb k|of]usf] cj:yfnfO{ x]bf{ afndl:tisdf sl7g x'g] k|s[ltsf] b]lvG5 .
no, efj / zAbljGof;sf] txaf6 s]xL s'/fnfO{ 5f8]/ afn;'ne r]tgfnfO{
hufpg] s'/fdf ;|i6f /]UdL ;r]t /x]sf 5g\ . ;;fgf afnaflnsfx? nosf]
t/ª\udf t}l/P/ v]Nb} ufpg] / sljTj k|jfxdf /dfpg] u/L ;+of]hg u/fpg
;Sg' /]UdLsf] s'zntf g} dfGg'kb{5 . k|f}9 ;|i6f afn ;+:ff/df k|j]z u/L
cfkm"nfO{ ToxL ?kdf 9fn]/ k|:t't ug'{ ;fwf/0f s'/f xf]Og . o; s'/fdf
k'is/ /]UdL ;r]t / ;kmn /x]sf] kfOG5 .
!=#==@ ljifoj:t'ut efj
Kf|:t't s[ltdf slj /]UdLn] P3f/j6f u]8Lleq ljljw ljifo / efjnfO{ ;Dk|]if0f
ug{ ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . oxfF klxnf] k6s ljBfno k|j]z ub}{ u/]sf]
afndgl:yltnfO{ :jfefljs ?kdf cjt/0f u/fOPsf] 5 . k':tsn]
afndl:tisdf kfg]{ ;sf/fTds k|efj, afnbf}Ft/L / ;fyLTjsf] efjgf, v]n
clg v]nf8Lk|ltsf] cf:yf, 7fpF7fpFsf] e|d0fn] hGdfPsf] s't'xntf, jL/
g]kfnLx?k|lt cf:yf hufpg] k|of;, g]kfnL e"uf]n / df6f]k|ltsf] k|]d,
cu|hx?k|ltsf] cfb/ ;Ddfgsf] efjgf clg ljleGg hgfj/ / t/sf/Lx?sf
gfd / sfd l;sfpg] s'/fdf klg ljifoj:t' ;d]l6Psf] b]lvG5 . aflx/af6
x]bf{ P3f/j6f zLif{sdf P3f/j6f ljifoj:t'ut efjsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf]
cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 t/ u]8Lsf leq k:bf afn;'ne r]tgfsf ;fydf ljljw
dd{ / efjgfsf] cleJolQm ePsf] kfOG5 . afnaflnsfdf x'g] 8/, lh1f;f,
pT;'stf, ;+j]u, c;n cfr/0f, dfGohgk|ltsf] cfzf, ;fyL, ;dfh clg
/fi6«k|ltsf] cf:yf h:tf ljifox? oxfF ;d]l6P/ cfPsf 5g\ .
ljBfno ;dfhsf] k|ltlalDa xf] . u'/maf / u'/mcfdfsf] dfofn] ug]{ cfsif{0f,
k':tsdf k|fKt x'g] 1fgu'gfsf s'/f, ;femf efjgfsf] ljsf;, ;fyL;fyLaLrsf]
;b\efj / /dfOnf] jftfj/0f, ;+;f/df x'g] lgZ5n clg ;dfgtfsf] efjgf,
afn;'ne lh1f;f / k|lt:kwf{sf] efjgf klg oxfF ;fGble{s ?kdf k|:t't
ePsf] kfOG5 . ljleGg k|sf/sf v]naf6 x'g] zf/Ll/s clg dfgl;s
ljsf;sf] kIfnfO{ klg :jfefljs tl/sfn] oxfF emNsfOPsf] 5 . ljleGg
7fpFx?sf] ofqfsf] k[i7e"ldaf6 ko{6sLo uGtJosf 7fpFx?sf] pNn]v u/L
afnaflnsfx?df ko{6g k|jw{gsf] r]tgf hufpg] sfd klg oxfF ePsf]
kfOG5 . 6gsk'/ / sf];Ldf xfd|f] /fi6«sf] cl:tTj em's]sf] ;ª\s]tåf/f
afnsdf /fi6«jfbL efjgfsf] ;Dk|]if0f u/fOPsf] kfOG5 . eLd;]g yfkf,
cd/l;+x yfkf, aneb| sF'j/, elQm yfkf, / plh/l;+x yfkfsf ufyfåf/f
afnaflnsfx?df /fli6«o :jfledfg hufpg] p2]Zo /flvPsf] b]Vg ;lsG5 .
…g]kfnÚ zLif{sdf ;femf efjgf / /fli6«o Pstfsf ;fydf ;d[l4sf] ofqfdf
nfUg] pTk|]/0ff klg hufOPsf] 5 . bz}s+ f] ;f+:s[lts dlxdf clg 7"nfa8fsf
z'e]R5f / cfzLjf{bnfO{ sd{kydf cufl8 a9\g] pT;fxsf ?kdf lnOPsf]
kfOG5 . hgfj/sf :jefj, Pscsf{sf] 8/ tyf ltgLx?sf] ;+;f/nfO{ klg
oxfF pkl:yt u/fOPsf] 5 . ljleGg t/sf/Lsf gfd pNnn]v u/L ltgsf]
ef]hgn] kfg]{ ;sf/fTds k|efjsf ;fydf :jLs[lt / k|lta4tfsf efjx?
klg cleJoQm ePsf] kfOG5 . o:tf ljifo / ;Gbe{sf] p7fgsf ;fydf
afndl:tisdf ;sf/fTds ljrf/ / ;Gb]z k|jflxt u/fpg] k|of; u/]sf]
b]lvG5 .
o;/L afnr]tgfnfO{ phfu/ u/fO{ ltgLx?s} ;]/f]km]/f]af6 ljifosf] p7fg
ug'{sf ;fy} afnaflnsfx?nfO{ ;fdflhs cfbz{sf] kf7 k9fpg] p2]Zo
/flvPsf] kfOG5 . ;fgf gfgLx?df ;femf efjgf / /fi6«jfbL r]tgf cª\s'/0f
u/fpg] u/L ljifoj:t'ut efje"ld d'vl/t ePsf] kfOG5 .
!=#=#= p2]Zo
Affn;flxTosf] p2]Zo eGg' g} afn;+jb] gfnfO{ hufO{ pgLx?sf] slnnf]
dl:tisdf c;n ljrf/ / cfr/0f cª\lst u/fpg' xf] . o;sf nflu efiff,
z}nL / efje"ldaf6 afnhut\nfO{ s]lGb|t ug'{ cfjZos x'G5 . zAb, no /
;+j]bgf afnssf r]tgfg's"n ePdf To:tf] ;flxTon] afn k|ltefnfO{ d'vl/t
u/fpg ;S5 / pgLx?df pTk|]/0ff hfUg'sf ;fy} c;n cfr/0f b]vfpg
klg nfnflot x'G5g\ . oxfF k'is/ /]UdLsf] cIftf zLif{ssf] ;lrq afnu]8L
;ª\u|xnfO{ cjnf]sg ubf{ zAb / lrqsf ;fydf ljifosf] dd{nfO{ k|:t't
ul/Psf] kfOG5 . v]Nb}, ufpFb}, gfRb} efjaf]w u/L l;sfOsf ofqfdf cufl8
a9\gnfO{ pTk|]l/t u/fpg] p2]Zodf klg k|:t't s[ltn] dxÎjk"0f{ k|efj kfg{
;S5 . afnsx?df ;femf efjgf hufO{ 3/–kl/jf/, ljBfno / ;dfhdf
ldn]/ a:g clg 7"nf]–;fgf]sf] e]befj gu/L ;dfg Jojxf/ ug'{sf ;fy}
g}lts cfbz{sf] kf7 k9fpg] p2]Zodf oL /rgfx? s]lGb|t /x]sf 5g\ .
g]kfnsf ljleGg ko{6sLo 7fpFx?, t/sf/L / hgfj/sf gfdx?sf] 1fg
u/fpg] s'/fdf klg n]vs ;r]t /x]sf] b]lvG5 . g]kfnL jL/tfk|ltsf] cf:yf
/ ;Ddfg hufpg'sf ;fy} lxdfn, kxf8 / t/fO{sf] e"uf]nsf g]kfnLx?
ldn]/ a:g'kg]{ ;lxi0f'tfsf] efj ;~rf/ u/fpg] p2]Zodf klg sljtfx?
s]lGb|t /x]sf] b]lvG5 . afnaflnsfsf efjgf, r]tgf / cg'e"ltnfO{ ;dftL
pgLx?s} ;]/f]km]/f]df s]lGb|t x'g] s'/fdf klg /]UdL ;r]t g} /x]sf] kfOG5 .
afnsx?df sljtfk|lt /mlr hufO{sg c;n efjgfsf] ljsf; u/fO{ sd{k|lt
cf:yfjfg\ agfpg' klg s[ltsf/sf] p2]Zo /x]sf] kfpg ;lsG5 .
!=#=$= efiffz}nL
Affn;flxTosf] l;h{gfdf dxÎjk"0f{ k|efj kfg]{ s'/f efiffz}nL klg xf] .
afnssf] slnnf] dl:tisdf k|f}9x?n] k|of]u ug]{ zAbfjnL / jfSox? ;xh
k|j]z x'Fb}gg\ . To;}n] pgLx?sf] cfkm\g} zAbe08f/, jfSou7g / k|:t'ltsf]
9ª\u /x]sf] x'G5 . sljtf, syf, lgaGw, hLjgL cflbsf] l;h{gfsf ;dodf
;flxTosf/ o;tkm{ ;r]t / ;+j]bgzLn aGg' cfjZos x'G5 . k'is/ cys
/]UdLsf] o; ;ª\u|xnfO{ b[li6 lb+bf afn;'ne efiffz}nL / ;+j]bgfnfO{ Vofn
u/L n]lvPsf] kfOG5 . no, efiff, lrq clg efjgfnfO{ afnaflnsfs} txaf6
l6Kg vf]lhPsf] 5 t/ klg rqmJo'x, cfofd, :jfjnDaL h:tf s]xL zAbx?
afn pRrf/0f / cy{af]wdf sl7g x'g] vfnsf b]lvG5g\ . o;afx]s zAb,
no, lrqlaDa cflbsf] k|of]u afnssf] r]tgf cg's"n g} /x]sf] dfGg
;lsG5 . aRrfaRrLx? v]Nb} ufpFb} ug]{ lx;fan] u]otf k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 .
P3f/j6} u]8Lsf] nofTds 9fFrf nueu Ps} k|s[ltsf] /x]sf] kfOG5 . Pp6f
sljtfsf] no l;s]kl5 ;f]xL tfn / 9ª\udf c? klg ufpg ;lsg] u/L
nosf] ;+of]hg ul/Psfn] afnaflnsfx? cf/Deb]lv cGTo;Dd ufog /
g[Tosf ;fydf /dfpg] cj:yf b]lvG5 . z}nL ;/n, ;/; / k|efjsf/L
x'g'n] afn;+j]bgf hufpg cg's"n /x]sf] kfOG5 . afnaf]nL, afnqmL8f,
afn;+j]bgf / lh1f;fsf k[i7e"lddf zAb, jfSo, cleJolQmsnf clg
nofTds 9fFrfnfO{ ljGof; ug{df klg /]UdL ;r]t /x]sf 5g\ .
!=$= lgisif{
;flxTosf/ k'is/ cys /]UdL ;flxTosf ljleGg ljwfdf cgj/t ?kdf
snd rnfpg] k|ltef x'g\ . syf, pkGof;, sljtf, uhn, hLjgL, ;dLIff,
;dfnf]rgf, cg';Gwfg cflb If]qdf snd rnfPsf /]UdLsf] afn;flxTosf
If]qdf klg ;zQm ?kdf snd rn]sf] 5 . afnaflnsfsf] /mlr / efjgfnfO{
kqm]/ ;flxTosf] /rgf ug'{ r'gf}tLsf] kf6f] xf] . t/ klg /]UdLn] o; s'/fnfO{
Wofgdf /fvL afnhut\nfO{ uLt, uhn / syfdf cjt/0f u/fpg ;kmn
ePsf 5g\ . ;/ntf, /f]rstf, ;lrq k|:t'lt, afn;'ne efiffz}nLsf] k|of]u,
afnaflnsfx?df pTk|]/0ff hufO{ c;n efjgfsf] ljsf; u/fpg] snf, h:tf
s'/fnfO{ /]UdLn] cfkm\gf /rgfdf k|of]u u/]sf 5g\ . ;fgf ;fgf gfgLx?nfO{
;femf efjgf, ;xcl:tTj, cf1fsfl/tf, afafcfdf / u'/mk|ltsf] ;Ddfg, /fi6«
/ /fli6«otfk|ltsf] cf:yf hufpg] s'/fdf /]UdLsf] o; s[ltn] ;sf/fTds
k|efj kfg]{ b]lvG5 . ;fgf afnaflnsfx?nfO{ s]lGb|t u/L n]lvPsf o:tf
;fdu|Ln] pgLx?df k7g, ufogsf ;fydf af]w tyf clego snfsf] ;d]t
ljsf; x'g] b]lvG5 . afn;flxTo / l;sfOk|lt s]lGb|t u/L k|sfzgdf
cfPsf] of] ;fdu|L pkof]uL / dL7f] v'/fs ;flat x'g]5 eGg] s'/fdf ljZjf;
lng ;lsG5 . o:tf lxtsf/L / afnf]kof]uL ;fdu|Lx? /rgf ug]{ s'/fdf
;|i6f k'is/ cys /]UdLsf] snd cem ;zQm agf];\ eGg] z'e]R5f;lxt
afx|j6f s[ltx? k|sfzgdf Nofpg ;kmn ePsf]df xflb{s awfO tyf
z'esfdgf .
)))
uLt
 dgaxfb'/ vqL
O:df ufpFkflnsf–!, xl:trf}/, d}g8fF8f, u'NdL
agfO{ b/af/ lbndf, ga; ltd|f] /fVb5' .
d]rL / sfnL, u08sLem}+, d ltd|} nflu aUb5' ..
hxfF / htf hfG5' / x]5'{, cfs[lt ltd|f] b]Vb5' .
vf]n]/ kfgf d'6'df, d gfd ltd|f] n]Vb5' .
kf]Nbf of] 5ftL knkndf, d 5fofF ltd|f] e]6\b5' .
x]/]/ t:jL/ l;;fdf, c:of6 ltd|f] d]6\b5' .
nfP/ 6'Ëf] ;a}yf]s, d ltd|f] a:tL ;b}{5' .
lg/; uug–wtL{df, d /Ë ltd|f] eb}{5' .
u/]/ laGtL O{zdf, d ltd|f] cfo' dfUb5' .
l;~rg ltd|f] e"ld Tof], jiff{t h:t} dfUb5' ..
/fv]/ aLh dfofsf], au}+rf uf]8\d]n\ ub}{5'
cg'kd km"n km'nfpFb}, esf/L dgsf] eb}{5' ..
)))
dfG5] s;/L ;j{>]i7df bl/of] <
 kGyL /fdk|;fb
tD3f;, u'NdL
/x:odo 5 ;+;f/ . /x:odoL l5g\ k|s[lt . a'lemg;Sg' 5g\ w]/} s'/f .
a'emfpg g;lsg] klg 5g\ w]/} s'/f . To;}n] nLnfdo 5 of] b'lgof . nfU5–
nLnf]Bfg xf] k|s[lt cfkm}df nLnf]Bfgsf kfq k|ltlglw dfG5] cfkm}df .
:j3f]lift ;j{>]i7 k|f0fL xf] dfG5] . cfkm}nfO{ ;j{>]i7sf] >Lk]r nufPsf] 5 .
xf]Og eg] s'grfxL+ k|f0fL ;Dd]ng jf ;efaf6 3f]lift eof] dfG5] ;j{>]i7 <
s] sf/0f / cfwf/ 5 dfG5] ;j{>]i7 x'g'df < cflv/ s'g k'/miffy{ u/]sf] 5
xF dfG5]n] < s'grflxF gofF cfljisf/ u/Øf] dfG5]n], k|s[ltljgf< s'g
w/ftndf cl8G5, k|s[ltljgf < s'g tÎjn] ag]sf] 5 dfG5], k|s[ltljgf <
s'g tÎjdf nLg x'G5, k|s[ltljgf <
k|s[ltljgf kne/sf] cl:tTj gePsf] dfG5] a9f] km"tL{ nufpF5 ;j{>]i7 k|f0fL
eg]/ . dnfO{ tfh'a o;}df nfU5 . k[YjL, hn, t]h, jfo' / k|sfz oL
k~rtÎjsf] c+z xf]Og / dfG5] < k~rtÎjsf] cefjdf :yflkt ug{ ;S5
dfG5]n] cfkm"nfO{ < c;Dej . csNkgLo ha c;Dej 5 eg] lsg x7L 5
dfG5] < lsg 5f]8\b}g z7tf < cflv/ lsg l;NnL xF dfG5] < s] x7L /
l;NnL x'g' ;j{>]i7tf xf] < xf]Og eg] lsg IftljIft kfb}{5 cfkm\g} k|s[ltnfO{
cfkm\g} w/fnfO{ . cfkm\g} hggLnfO{ . cfdfnfO{ .
s] ldYof xf] – ÆhggL hGde"ldZr :juf{blk u/Lo;L .Æ s] ldYof x'g\ – j]b,
k'/f0f / s'/fgx? < lsg k'lhG5g\, /fd, s[i0f, lh;;, k}uDa/ / a'4x? <
lsg 9f]luG5g\, cNnfx / k/d]Zj/x? < lsg kljq xF Û dlGb/, dl:hb,
rr{ / u'Dafx? < lsg agfOG5g\, c:ktfnx?df dlGb/x? < lsg
6fFl;G5g\ leQf leQfdf, cf:yf / ljZjf;sf k|ltljDax? <
cfZro{ nfU5, clg ;f]W5' cfkm}l;t . clg ;f]+R5' cfkm}leq . s;n] c8fPsf]
5 vuf]nnfO{ < s;n] rnfPsf] 5 e"uf]nnfO{ < tf]/Lsf bfgfdf t]n eg]{ sf]
xf] < sf7, bfp/fdf clUg k|j]z u/fpg] sf] xf] < afbndf hn e/fpg] sf]
xf] < cflv/ lsg b]lvb}g jfo' < lsg ch/fd/ 5}g cfo' <
;'G5', rGb|dfdf 38]/L vl/b laqmL eO/x]5 . d+undf dxn 78\ofpFb} 5 .
s'g} cgf}7f] nfUb}g dnfO{ . dfG5]n] rfx] ;fu/df a:tL a;fcf];\ of ;u/df
;x/ /rfcf];\ . k|s[ltsf ;fd' lnlnk'6 g} 5 dfG5] . hlt;'s} a's'{;L df/f];\
cfhsf] dfG5]n] . hxfFsf] ToxL+ 5 Eofu'tf]em}+ a''/mSs plk|mG5 cfsfz 5'G5'
eg]/ . y]rfl/G5 e'O{+sf] e'O{+d} . ljdfg p8fP/ 7"nf] x'g] eP k|frLg j}lbs
sfnd} p8]sf lyP k'iks ljdfgx? . :ju{, dTo{ / kftfn tLg} nf]s rfxfy{]
Clif / b]ju0fx? . cfuf]sf] cfljisf/ dfG5]n] u/Øf] ls O{Zj/n] < clUgb]j,
hnb]j / jfo'b]j lsg k'lht eP < dxlif{x? lsg jl0f{t 5g\ k'/f0fx?df <
j]b / k'/f0fx?nfO{ bGTosyf eGg]x?n] lsg n]Vg ;s]gg\ ljlzi6 / lj/f6
cfofdsf bGTo syfx? . lsg lbg ;Sb}gg\ uLtf bz{g < lsg ;Sb}gg\
k[ys\ ug{ b]x / cfTdfnfO{ < lsg ;Sb}gg\ sfnb]jnfO{ jzLe"t ug{ . lsg
6]S5 3'F8f cb[Zo zlQm;Fu dfG5] < lsg d5{ ;+;f/;fd' nDk;f/ eP/
dfG5] <
hlt;'s} pGglt / k|ult u/f];\ cfhsf] dfG5]n] dnfO{ t nfU5, tL ;a
h'/]nL r/Ln] g'ufPsf afF;sf 6'Kkf h:t} x'g\ . afF;sf] 6'Kkf]nfO{ s;n]
g'ufof] < k|s[ltn] ls h'/]nL r/Ln] < r/L lar/L eG5] – d}n] g'ufPF . d]/f]
k'/miffy{n] . dfG5]n] eG5, d}n] k|s[ltdfly ljho k|fKt u/]+ . u|x, pku|x
rfxg]{ ePF . ;u/dfyfsf] prfO / ulx/fO kQf nufPF, ;"o{ / k[YjLsf] b"/L
d]/f] gfkf]df kl/;s] . dfgj z/L/ lhpFb} sf6]/ cË, k|Tof/f]k0f ug{ ;S5' .
e]lG6n]6/df /fv]/ k|f0f eg{ ;S5' . l;of] 8'Ag] ;fu/df hxfh e|d0f u/fpg
;S5' . cGtl/Ifdf dlg{Ëjfs u/fpg ;S5' . ;+;f/nfO{ ;fgf] ufpF u/fpg
;S5' . ;+;f/sf s'g} klg s'gfsf dfG5]x?;Fu cfdg];fdg] s'/f u/fpg
;S5' . afl;{nf]gfsf] lan afUn'Ëdf e/fpg ;S5' .
;fpbLsf e]+8f ;}kfndf r/fpg ;S5' . jfl;ª6gsf] 8]/f jflnªdf ;/fpg
;S5' . s;}n] gu/]sf sfd u/]/ ljZjsLlt{dfg u/fpg ;S5' . lulgh
a'sdf ;'Gb/÷;'Gb/LnfO{ cfkm\gf] u/fpg ;S5' . oL / o:tf tdfd k'/miffy{x?
5f6\g ;S5' eg]/ cfF6\g ;S5 dfG5]n] . t/ 9fF6\g ;Sb}g, cfkm}leqsf]
cfTdfnfO{ . 5Ng ;Sb}g k/dfTdfnfO{ . lg/Lx 5 dfG5] cb[Zo zlQm;fd' .
hf] ch]o 5 . ch/ 5 . cd/ 5 . cljgfzL 5 .
dfG5] ;j{zlQmdfg\ x'GYof]eg], lsg /f]Sg ;Sb}g ;d'b|L Hjf/ef6fx? . lsg
5]Sg ;Sb}g af9L / klx/f] < k|s[ltn] z/L/ xNnfpFbf lsg xlNnG5 dfG5]sf]
dg < lsg 9N5g\ uNof{d–u'n'{d, uugr''DaL dxnx? . cfkm}n] 78\ofPsf]
dxn cfkm\g} d[To'sf] sf/0f lsg aG5 dfG5]sf nflu < lsg c;dy{ 5g\
uf]tfvf]/x? gbL jf ;d'b|sf] ulx/fOdf ufl8Psf a8] a8] hxfhx? a6'Ng <
Hjfnfd'vLsf] nKsf] / xKsf] ;xg ug{ ;S5 / dfG5]n] < ls lgefpg ;S5
dfG5]sf] bdsnn] < ;Sb}g eg] s]sf] km"tL{ < s]sf] 3d08 < s]sf] cxd\ <
s]sf] ;j{>]i7 <
zNoflqmofsf s'/f ug]{ xf] eg], cª\u k|Tof/f]k0fsf s'/f ug]{ xf] eg], Tof] t
clxn] xf]Og plxNo} ul/;s]sf lyP Clif, dxlif{x?n], . dfG5]sf dfq xf]Og
kz'sf c+ux? klg dfG5]df k|Tof/f]k0f ug{ ;Sg] bIfsf] z/L/df af]sfsf]
6fpsf] / u0f]zsf] z/L/df xfQLsf] 6fpsf] o;sf] k|df0f xf]Og / < plxn]
af0f xfg]/ km'6flnlbGy] kfgLsf d"nx? .
To;}n] d eG5', dfG5] lg/Lx 5 hut\df . s]xL n5fg{ ;Sb}g dfG5]n] . vfg'
/ pT;h{g ug'{ dfq afFRg' xf]Og . Tof] t ;a}n] u/]sf 5g\ hLjn] /
jg:kltn] . kf]zfsn] ;hfP klg kfp8/ 3;fP klg, wf]P klg leq kmf]xf]/
8ª\u'/ 5 dfG5]df . :jfy{sf] O{iofsf] qmf]wsf] nf]esf] . cxª\sf/sf] jf;gfsf]
cg]sf}+ kmf]x/d}nfdf /mdlNnPsf] 5 dfG5] . sfd, qmf]w, nf]e, df]x, db,
dfT;o{sf] cGwsf/n] hfnf] nufPsf] 5 cfFvfdf . ljifo / jf;gfsf
;f/yLx?n] s'FbfPsf 5g\ dfG5]sf OlGb|ox? . / t xTof u5{ cfkm\g}
s'6'Dax/mnfO{ . anTsf/ u5{ cfkm\g} cfdf, lbbL, alxgL, 5f]/L /
ef~hLx?nfO{ . lhpFb} hnfpF5 a'xf/LnfO{ . slt lx+;|s 5 dfG5] .
dfG5]l;t} tl;{G5 / cflQG5 dfG5] . dfG5]n] lsg ;Sb}g cfkm}nfO{ /tfpg <
clg lsg tlD;G5 c?nfO{ ;tfpg < cflv/ s]sf nflu <
slxn]sfxL+ z+sf nfU5, cfkm}k|lt÷d lsg dfG5] ePF< s] d ljj]szLn 5' <
s] ;fFRr} ;j{>]i7 eGgnfos 5g\ d]/f ljrf/ / sd{x? < s] Gofo ug{
;s]sf] 5' d}n] hLjg / hut\nfO{ < cf]hf]g tx s;sf sf/0fn] kftlnof] <
hnjfo' kl/jt{gdf lhDd]jf/ sf] xf] < lsg a9\b5 pi0ftf < lsg ;'Sb}5g\
kfgLsf d'xfgx? < lsg xfxfsf/ 5g\ dfgj hut\df . dfgj hLjgdf
lsg ub}{g s;}n] s;}sf] ljZjf; < lsg k8\lsG5g\ ad / aGb'sx? < lsg
agfOG5g\ h]n / g]nx? < ls slxNo} k8\Sofof] efn'n] aGb's < ls
;NsfpFb} lx+8\5 xfQLn] h+undf 89]nf] < r/fx?n] p8fPsf x'g\ t w'nf] /
w'Fjf < ls df5fx?n] nufOlbPsf x'g\ en dfG5]sf a:tLlt/ < aFb]nn]
pFlwg]/ kxf8x? k}x|f] ufPsf] kf] xf] ls < /ftf/ftdf Kjfn kfb}{ lx8]sf x'g\
ls e}+;Lx? cfxfn v]Ng kSsL ;8sdf < cflv/ bf]if s;sf] < lhDd]jf/L
s;sf] k|s[ltnfO{ IftljIft kfg'{df < cflv/ lsg ;hfpF5 lrtf cfkm\g}
nflu < s] eGbf x'g\ kz'x? dfG5]nfO{ < s:tf 7fGbf x'g\ hnr/x? <
jfg/af6 ljsl;t ePsf] /] g/ Û 8flj{g o;} eG5g\, s] km/s 5 xF g/ /
jfg/df < cF ;fFRrL, dfG5] afFb/ xf] ls < aFfb/ dfG5] < nf}g 5'6\ofOlbg'
k/Øf] . lanvaGbdf kl/of] . cflv/ lsg / s;/L dfG5] ;j{>]i7df
bl/of] <
)))
8fo:kf]/fsf] cfFlv‰ofnaf6 lrofpFbf
b]lvPsf] lemNsf] …d'unfgÚ
 8f= z+s/k|;fb u}/]
lqe'jg ax'd'vL SofDk;, kfNkf
n]v;f/
8fo:kf]/f ljZj;flxTodf b]lvPsf] gjLgtd cjwf/0ff xf] . e"d08nLs/0f;Fu}
dfG5]sf] ef}uf]lns ;Ldf km/flsnf] x'g hfG5 / pm ;dfh / /fli6«otfsf]
;Ldf gf3]/ aflxl/G5 . p;sf] lbgrof{, dgf]efj cflbdf b]lvg] k|efj;Fu
o;sf] ;DaGw /xG5 . pQ/cfw'lgs ax'njfbL b[li6sf]0fdWo] 8fo:kf]/f Ps
xf] . g]kfnL ;flxTodf pQ/cfw'lgstfsf k|d'v cleoGtf dflgg] uf]ljGb/fh
e§/fO{ ;dfnf]rssf ;fy} ;h{s klg x'g\ . l;h{gfdf sljtf, pkGof;,
lgaGw h:tf ljwfdf pgsf] ljlzi6 klxrfg 5 . pgn] @)#@ ;fndf
…d'unfgÚ af6 pkGof;sf] If]qdf k|j]z u/]sf x'g\ . kl5Nnf] ;dodf pgsf
cf}kGofl;s s[ltx? …;'s/ftsf kfOnfÚ / …;'s/ftsf] 8fo/LÚ gjLg k|of]usf
gd'gf ag]/ b]vfk/]sf 5g\ . …d'unfgÚ l;h{gf x'Fbf ljZj;flxTod} 8fo:kf]/fsf]
cjwf/0ff ljsl;t e};s]sf] lyPg / of] pkGof; g]kfnL ;flxTodf
oyfy{jfbL pkGof;sf] lsQfdf pleg k'Uof] . t/ klg cfhsf] kl/k|]Iodf
8fo:kf]/fsf] cjwf/0ff;Fu o;sf] ldt]/L 3lgi6td b]lvg cfpF5 . oxfF
8fo:kf]/fs} b[li6sf]0f cFufnL d'unfgsf] ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 .
8fo:kf]/fsf] ;}4flGts b[li6sf]0f
pQ/cfw'lgs ax'njfbL cjwf/0ffx?dWo]sf] 8fo:kf]/f Ps xf] . c+u|]hL zAb
8fo:kf]/fsf] kof{ojfrL zAbsf ?kdf cfk|jf;L, k/fb]zLo, b]zkf/Lo,
b]zk/Lo, ljsL0f{g, lj:yfkg, lgjf{;g, k|jf;, u}/cfjf;Lo -kf}8\ofn,
@)&) M !)*_ h:tf zAb k|rngdf 5g\ t/ g]kfnL ;flxTon] …8fo:kf]/fÚnfO{
g} cTolws k|of]udf NofPsf] b]lvG5 . 8fo:kf]/f c+u|]hL zAb xf] . o;sf]
d"n ;|f]t lu|;]nL …8fo:k]o/Ú xf] .
Pp6f b]z, efiff, hflt, ;+:sf/ ;+:s[lt ;dfh, kl/j]z cflbdf cfa4 dfG5]
s'g} leGg} d'n'ssf] efiff, hflt, ;+:sf/, ;+:s[lt, ;dfh, kl/j]z, cflbdf
uP/ ldl;g k'u]kl5 Tof] dfG5] cfk|jf;L x'G5 . To:tf cfk|jf;Lx?sf]
n]vgnfO{ 8fo:kf]l/s n]vg elgG5 -uf}td, @)^^ M !@^_ 8fo:kf]/f zAbsf]
k|of]uk/Dk/f nfdf] 5 . o;sf] k|of]u O;fk"j{b]lv g} x'Fb} cfPsf] xf], t/
jt{dfgdf o; zAbn] lgs} cy{lj:tf/ kfPsf] 5 / s'g} lglZrt ox'bL
hfltaf6 lj:tfl/t eP/ ljZjsf x/]s s'gfdf uP/ a;]sf ;a} JolQmnfO{
a'emfpF5 h;n] v';L / ;'vsf lglDt cfkm\gf] yftynf] 5f]8]sf x'G5g\ .
cfhsf] 8fo:kf]/fn] Kofn]:6fOgsf ox'bLx?sf] sfljnf]lgofdf ePsf]
lgjf{;gnfO{ dfq ga'emfO{ hflt, efiff, ;+:s[lt cflb leGg ePsf :yfgdf
:yfoL jf c:yfoL a;fO;/fO ug'{ eGg] hgfpF5 . -kf}8\ofn, @)&) M !)(_
o'4, cft°, ef]sd/L, ul/aL, of}gb'/frf/, nf~5gf, x]nTj, hfltut ktg,
abdf;L, ;DkGgtfsf] rfxgf, gjLgtd ;Defjgfsf] vf]hLh:tf sf/0fn] dfG5]
afWo eO{ jf :j}lR5s ?kdf a;fO ;5{ -uf}td, @)^$ M @*!_ .
8fo:kf]/fnfO{ cfGtl/s / afXo egL ljefhg u/]sf] kfOG5 . Ps ;dfhaf6
csf]{ ;dfh tyf b]zaf6 csf]{ b]zdf ;g]{ cj:yf b]lvG5 tfklg
8fo:kf]/fleq kfqsf] h'g dgf]efjgfsf] k|:t'lt b]lvG5 To;n] ubf{
lgs6eGbf 6f9fsf] a;fOdf g} 8fo:kf]/fsf nIf0fx? clws b]lvG5g\ .
lgs6eGbf b"/ b]zdf ;/]sf] xf];\, hxfFaf6 rfx]sf] ;dodf ;xh ?kdf
cfkm\gf] :yfg jf b]zdf cfpg ;Dej gxf];\ -uf}td, @)^$ M @*)_ .
;flxTodf cfk|jf;Lo dgf]efjgf / ltgsf ;d:ofnfO{ k|:t't ug]{ k/Dk/f
nfdf] 5, t/ ;r]ttfk"j{s 8fo:kf]/fsf] b[li6sf]0f k|:t't ug]{ k/Dk/f eg]
nfdf] xf]Og . uf]ljGb/fh e§/fO{ g]kfnL ;flxTodf …odk'/Lsf] dxnÚ -@)^$_
af6 8fo:kf]l/s n]vgsf] cf}krfl/s yfngL ePsf] dfGb5g\ -e§/fO{,
@)^$ M !^#_ .
d'unfgsf] 8fo:kf]l/s ljZn]if0f
uf]ljGb/fh e§/fO{nfO{ pkGof;sf/sf] ?kdf kl/lrt u/fpg] pkGof;
…d'unfgÚ @)#@ ;fndf k|sflzt ePsf] xf] . xfn;Dd rf/j6f pkGof;
n]v]sf e§/fO{nfO{ …d'unfgÚ / …dl0fk'/sf] lr7LÚ -@)#$_ n] oyfy{jfbL
lsQfsf pkGof;sf/sf] kl/ro lbPsf 5g\ . e§/fO{n] …d'unfgÚ pkGof;df
k|:t't u/]sf] oyfy{ kl5Nnf] ;dodf 8fo:kf]/f cyf{t\ cfk|jf;L ;d:ofsf
?kdf lrlgg] ;flxTon]vg;Fu cTolws lgs6 /x]sf]n] oxfF 8fo:kf]l/s
;Gbe{af6 g} pkGof;sf] ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 .
…d'unfgÚ pkGof;df cfly{s cefjsf sf/0f sfd / dfdsf] vf]hLdf
d'unflgPsf g]kfnLx?n] ToxfF ef]Ug'k/]sf] kL8f / ;s;nfO{ ;+j]bgzLn
9Ëaf6 k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . b]zleq cg]s ;d:of / cefj;Fu n8\bfn8\b}
xf/ vfP/ ;'vsf] ;kgf af]sL ljb]z hfg] / ljb]zdf cema9L b'b{zfx?;Fu
h'Wg'kg]{ ;d:ofnfO{ pkGof;n] p7fPsf] b]lvG5 -n'O6]n M !(*_ .
tTsfnLg ;dodf ;'vsf] ;kgf af]sL g]kfnLx? ef/t hfg] k|rng lyof] .
£o' a]r]/ g'g lsGg hfg], cyjf 3/af6 k};f rf]/L lx8\g] kl/kf6LnfO{
pkGof;sf] p7fg agfOPsf] 5 . ufpFn]x?;Fu Rofª\yfk'sf] sfnL8fF8faf6
g'g, t]n / av]{ ;fdfg lsGg lxF8]sf 7"n] / sfG5f] ;'tf/ Tot}af6 l;nu9L
hfg] 6«sdf r9]/ lxF8\5g\ . bfhL{lnª lxFl8/x]sf] 6«sdf r9]sf 7"n] /
;'tf/;Fu s'g} uGtJo x'Fb}g, t/ ;'vsf] ;kgf ;fydf x'G5 . tLgwf/]df k'u]/
vnf;Ln] ef8f dfU5 . pgLx?sf] s'g} lglZrt uGtJo gePsf]n] vnf;Lsf]
…sxfF hfg] <Ú eGg] k|Zgsf] pQ/df æhfg] 6'Ëf] t 5}g, d'unfg hfg eg]/
lxF8]sfÆ -k[=@_ eG5g\ . l;nu9Lsf] Go' dfs]{6df k'u]/ 6«sn] pgLx?nfO{ ToxL
7fpFdf cf]/flnlbG5 .
o;/L klxnf]k6s k|jf; l5/]sf g]kfnLnfO{ l/S;fjfnn] ;d]t slt;Dd
;tfpF5g\ / 7U5g\, cfkm\g} ag]/ s;/L a]lrlblG5g\ eGg] s'/fsf] dfld{s /
lrqfTds k|:t'lt l;nu9Ldf b]lvG5 . l/S;fjfnfn] tfgftfg u/]/ 7"n]sf]
emf]nf RofltlbG5g\ . ;'tf/n] lxsf{Pkl5 l/S;fjfn kfvf nfU5g\ . sxfF
hfg] < egL cnkq kl//x]sf 7"n] / ;'tf/nfO{ Pp6f g]kfnL l/S;fjfnfn]
cfTdLotf b]vfpFb} Go' dfs]{6sf] tLg kmGsf] df/]/ :6];g k'¥ofpF5 .
l/S;fjfnfn] pgLx?nfO{ ;'emfj lbFb} rf]/ nfUg]x'Fbf ;r]t /xg eG5 .
Kn]6kmd{df kfn}kfnf] ;'Tg] eg] klg yfs]sfn] b'a}hgf lgbfpF5g\ . pgLx?sf]
k};f rf]/L x'G5 . cfkmGtx? cf;fdlt/ /x]sf]n] cf;d hfg /]n r9]sf 7"n]
/ sfG5f] ;'tf/nfO{ l6s6 sf6\g'k5{ eGg];Dd 1fg x'Fb}g . c?n] l6s6
sf6]sf] b]v]/ k};f lgsfNg vf]Hbf k};f rf]/L ePsf] yfxf kfpF5g\ .
pgLx?nfO{ lgofln/x]sf] l/S;fjfnfn] cfTdLotf k|s6 u/]/ l;lSsdsf] af6f]
vGg dfG5] ;KnfO{ ug]{ dfG5] -/g'bfO_ nfO{ aL; ?lkofFdf a]lrlbG5 . o;/L
Pp6} JolQm l/S;fjfnn] k6sk6s 7Ubf klg kTofpg] oL b'O{ kfq cTolws
;f]emf b]lvG5g\ . /g'bfOn] pgLx?nfO{ hLkdf xfn]/ l6:6f k'¥ofpF5 .
hxfF;'s} hfFbf klg tL b'O{ ;f]emf g]kfnL etL{s} ;kgf b]V5g\ . l6:6faf6
lxF8fpFb} hËnsf] af6f] nfFbf klg pgLx? ;f]FR5g\ æetL{ nfUg] 7fpF oxL
hËndf x'g'k5{Æ -k[= @!_ . Ps /fOgLsf xf]6ndf k'Ubf ToxfF c? s]6fx?
klg hDdf kfl/Psf x'G5g\ . tL s]6fx? klg etL{ x'g] ;kgf a'g]/ a;]sf
x'G5g\ . ltg}dWo]sf] Pp6fn] eG5 æca xfdLnfO{ nu]/ Ps jif{ hlt 6]l8ª
u/fpF5 . t];df kf; eP/ pq]kl5 aGb's le/]/ k7fpF5 . aLrdf b'O{jif]{ 5'§L
ldN5 . vfg, nfpg, a:g s]xL k};f kb}{g—;a ;/sf/L ldN5Æ -k[=@$_ .
/fOgLsxfF hDdf kfl/PsfdWo]sf] Pp6f s]6f] o:tf] of]hgf a'G5 æb'O{ jif{ ge}
3/ lkml/Fb}g cfkm" t . kN6g] ePkl5 clnslt ;DklQ gsdfO{ s] lkmg'{ <
PskN6nfO{ ;fx"sf xftdf k/]sf] kfvf]/]vf] psf:g kfP klg afp—cfdfsf]
ef/f sfl6GYof] ls <Æ -k[= @%_ pm tLgrf/hgf el/ofnfO{ kl5 nufP/ 3/
lkmg]{ of]hgf a'G5 . 7"n]n] etL{ x'g]af/] ;+zo JoQm ubf{ uNnfjfnfn]
7x/fPsf] / kfFrlbgb]lv ;/sf/L /f;g v'jfPsf] 7x/ u/]/} xf] eG5 .
/g'bfOn] k|To]s JolQmnfO{ rfnL;sf] b/n] a]lrlbFbf klg pgLx? cfkm"
a]lrPsf] yfxf kfpFb}gg\ . 7]s]bf/n] uf8Ldf xfn]/ l6:6fdflyaf6 lxF8fpFbf
af6f]df kmf}hLsf] SofDk b]v]/ cfkm" k'Ug] 7fpF cfPsf] ;Dem]/ /dfpF5g\ .
ahf/df 6«s /f]lsFbf klg tL s]6fx? etL{ x'g] 7fpF cfof] eGg] ;DemG5g\ .
afg/xf6 x'Fb} km'Gr]lnª k'u]/ /ft latfpF5g\ . nfdf] ofqfkl5 6«sleq} kfndf
;'t]sf] sfsL{n] eG5 æ6'Ëf]df k'Ug] kQ} 5}g . dnfof 5fpgLd} k'¥ofpF5 ls
s;f] <Æ -#&_ x/]s cj:yfdf cfzflGjt x'g] k|j[lQ oxfF sfsL{sf] b]lvG5 .
;'tf/ klg sfsL{h:t} lglZrGt b]lvG5 . pm eG5 æhxfF k'¥ofP klg s] 5
/ < lhDdf e}uof] vfg kfPs} 5f}+Æ -k[=#&_ .
laxfg p7]kl5 ef]6] s]6fn] æ7]s]bf/ ;fx]a tkfO{+sf s'NnLx?nfO{ klg vfgf
agfpg'k5{ clxn] <Æ -k[=#&_ eGbf klg pgLx?df r]tgf cfpFb}g . t/
df]Qmfg gfd u/]sf] s]6f] eg] Tof] a'em]/ efU5 . lqj]0fLaf6 sRrL af6f] xF'b}
u}F6L a]Nrf af]s]sf s'NnLx?nfO{ b]Vbf klg pgLx?df To; 7fpFnfO{ kN6g
nfUg] 7fpF g} ;DemG5g\ .
lhDbf/n] sfdsf] lhDdf nufPkl5 aNn pgLx?n] s'NnL x'g cfPsf] rfn
kfpF5g\ . ;'tf/n] eG5 ækN6gdf nufpF5 eg]/ e/ kl/Psf] t o:tfdf
NofP/ hfSof] lg bfO ÛÆ t/ klg 7"n] lglZrGt x'Fb} eG5 æe}uf] o:tf] /f]8sf]
sfd klg hfGg} kg]{ xf] . = =cfwf vfP/ cfwf arfP klg csf]{ ;fn 3/
xhf/ lnP/ hfg kfOG5 . n'uf / h'Qf ca p;}n] lbg] ef] lrQ a'emfpg}
k¥of]Æ -k[= $&_ .
cg]s b'Mv si6 ;xFbf klg dlxgfsf] cGTodf tna a'‰g kfOG5 eGg]
;'gf}nf ;kgf b]lv/x]sf tL ;f]emf g]kfnLx?sf] ;kgf Tolta]nf eË x'G5
hlta]nf tna yfKg] lbg cfpF5 . l;nu9Lb]lv l6:6f;Ddsf] ef8f, l6:6fdf
af; a:bfsf] vr{, ofqf vr{ lx;fa ubf{ pN6} cfkm\gf] gfddf C0f k/]kl5
pgLx?sf] xf]; p8\5 . sfsL{sf] cj:yfnfO{ pkGof;df o;/L lrq0f
ul/Psf] 5 æsfsL{n] crfgs d"R5f{ vfof] . pm Ps}rf]l6 5fFufaf6 v:of] .
To;/L l;nu9Lb]lvsf] lx;fa xf]nf eg]/ p;n] lrtfPsf] lyPg . Ps} k};f
xftdf kg'{sf] ;f6f] pN6f] C0f <Æ -k[= %#_ .
etL{ x'g] ;'gf}nf ;kgf af]s]/ 3/ 5f]8L lxF8]sf 7"n], ;'tf/ / sfsL{x?sf]
lbgk|ltlbg a9\b} uPsf] si6s/ lbgrof{sf] lrq0f pkGof;df o;/L ul/Psf]
5 æ/f;gsf] nflu nfOgdf a:g', gfËf] 8fF8fdf cfuf] afn]/ eft ksfO{ vfg'
/ ;fFu'/f lr;f e'FOdf ;'Tg'Æ -k[= %$_ . Pslbg k'/fgf] Ps s'NnLn]
pgLx?nfO{ eG5 ævfpFnf nfpFnf eGg] Hofg lnP/ cfP5f} t/ logLx?n]
ltd]/sf] xf8 3f]6]/ df5{g\Æ -k[= %$_ . o;/L g'g / dfn ;fdfg af]Sg
uPsf]df d'unfgsf] /ËLrËL ;kgfaf6 cfs[i6 eP/ d'unfglt/ xflgPsf oL
;f]emf g]kfnLx? aw'jf g]kfnLsf ?kdf ;8s vGg] sfd u5{g\ . ToxfF
b'M;fWo >d / cgdf]n kl;gfsf] cy{ 5}g eGg] yfxf kfpF5g\ -sf]O/fnf /
nfsf]h", @)&@ M !&$ .
af?b k8\sfpFbf 3fOt] eP/ nfdf] la/fdL k/]/ p7]sf] sfsL{n] lg/fz x'Fb}
3/ ;DemG5 . p;sf] To; cj:yfnfO{ pkGof;df o;/L k|:t't ul/Psf] 5
æcfdfafa'sf] PSnf] 5f]/f] pm 3/} a;] klg hLjg olt ;fx«} si6;fWo x'Gy]g
xf] . p;n] cem} ;lDemb} uof] —lax] u/]sL :jf:gL dfOtd} lyO{, PSnf afa'—
cfdfnfO{ la;]{/ af6f nfu]sf] klg cfh k"/} 5 dlxgf k'u]5 .===knkndf 3/,
5/l5d]s, jg–kfvf / cfhLjg pk|m]sf s'b]sf kv]/f ;DemL pm ljXjn eof]Æ
-k[= %*_ . o; pkGof;df sfsL{sf] of] cj:yf ljleGg sf/0f b]zaflx/
a;]sf / dft[b]zsf] ddtf / ;Demgf eO/x] klg ljleGg sf/0fn] :jb]z
kmls{g g;Sg] cj:yfnfO{ a'emfpF5 -kf}8]n, s, @)&) M !$$_ eGg]
8fo:kf]l/s ;Gbe{;Fu d]n vfG5 .
;a}sf dgdf lg/fzf 5fpFb} hfG5 . k/b]zsf] sfdeGbf 3/sf] sfd
pgLx?nfO{ ;lhnf] nfUg yfN5 . sfsL{n] efUg] s'/f u5{ . 7"n]n] lxFpb
nfu]kl5 ;Fu} efUg] ljrf/ ;'gfpF5 . r/d zf]if0fdf k/]sf tL s'NnL
sfdbf/x? lj/f]wsf] cfjfh;Dd lgsfNg ;Sb}gg\ . sfd ubf{ x/fPsf],
efFlrPsf] xltof/sf] gf]S;fgL klg cfkm"n] a]xf]g'{kg]{ x'Fbf x/fPsf] l5gf] vf]Hg
uPsf] 7"n] kms{Fb}g . pm efUof] eGg] z+sf x'G5 t/ p;sf] sk8f / k};f
7fpFd} e]l6G5 . c? efu]sf rf/hgf s]6fx?nfO{ ;dft]/ NofO{ ;hfo:j?k
b'O{ dlxgfsf] tna sfl6G5 . pgLx?nfO{ km]l/ efu] Hofg dfg]{ wDsL
;'gfOG5 . oL ljleGg ;Gbe{n] 7"n] l5gf] vf]Hg] qmdd} x/fPsf] jf d/]sf]
eGg] a'lemG5 .
Pslbg sfdaf6 gkms]{sf] nfn] ;'Aaf laxfg lxFpdf k'l/Psf] cj:yfdf
e]l6G5 . lhDbf/n] p;sf] nf; le/af6 ws]Ng nufpF5 . /fOsfG5f] la:tf/}
la/fdL kb}{ ;'lGgb} hfG5 / Pslbg d5{ . p;sf] pkrf/sf] s'g} k|oTg
x'Fb}g . cfkm\gf ;fyLx? PsPs ub}{ db}{ uPsf]n] b'O{jif{kl5 tLg;o tna
a'em]sf ;'tf/ / sfsL{ /flt p7]/ efU5g\ . ;ftf}F lbg sfsL{ af6f]d} d5{ .
tLg;o k};f;Fu} ;fyLnfO{ u'kmfdf hnfP/ cl3 a9]sf] tLg lbgb]lvsf] ef]sf]
;'tf/n] hfd'g vfG5 . ?vsf xfFuf sfl6Psf] b]v]/ dfgj a:tLsf] cg'dfg
nufpF5 .
efu]sf] bz lbgsf lbg p;n] Pp6f uf]7 / uf]7fnf] kfv] ;fOnf]nfO{ e]6\5 .
To; ufpFdf af6f]df sfd ug]{nfO{ l8kfO6] eGg] / efuL cfPsf l8kfO6]nfO{
sDkgLdf a'emfOlbg] rng eP klg dfgjtfsf] k|ltd"lt{ kfv] ;fOnf]n]
;'tf/nfO{ ;xof]u u5{ . 3/ hfG5' eg]sf] ;'tf/nfO{ ;DemfP/ ToxLF /fV5 .
;'tf/sf] cGo uf]7fnfx?;Fu klg kl/ro a9\5 . kfv]n] ;'tf/sf] ;RrfO
n'sfP/ sfd ug{ NofPsf] atfpF5 . ;'tf/n] lgs} nugsf ;fy kfv]sf
a:t'efpsf] x]/rfx u5{ . p;n] cfkm\g} ;Dem]/ sfd u5{ . kfv]nfO{ v]tL ug{
k7fP/ uf]7sf] sfd ;DxfN5 . kfv] la/fdL kbf{ v]tL ul/lbG5 . ;'Gtnf
lnP/ ;fDrLahf/ hfG5 . ;a} ufpFn]sf] dg lhT5 . kfv]sf] kl/jf/sf]
;b:o ag]sf] ;'tf/nfO{ kfv]n] kl/jf/;Fu ;Nnfx u/]/ !$ jif{sL h]7L 5f]/L
7"nLsf] lax] ul/lbG5 .
7"n];Fu nfx'/] aGg] ;kgf af]s]/ 3/af6 efu]sf] ;'tf/ cg]s xG8/ vfFb}
kfv]sf] HjfOF aGg k'U5, t/ kfv]sf] zq' ;fnaf]6]n] k'ln; NofP/ kfv]n]
l8kfO6] n'sfPsf] egL h]n k'¥ofpF5 / p;sf] 3/df cfuf] nufOlbG5 .
ToxfFaf6 efu]sf] ;'tf/ r]ªdf/L lrofsdfg k'U5 . s]xL ;do b'Mv kfpF5 .
kl5 df]Qmfgsf] ;xof]udf lrofsdfgdf sfd kfpF5 . lrofsdfgdf sfd ug]{,
g}gLtfndf cb'jf vl/b u/]/ afg/xf6df a]Rg] u5{ . kfFrjif{ kl/>d u/]/
tLg xhf/ hDdf kf/]sf] ;'tf/ 3/ lkmg]{ ;f]Fr agfpF5 . afg/xf6df kfv]sf]
5f]/f] xª\;];Fu e]6 ePkl5 7"nLn] cfkm"nfO{ klv{a;]sf] yfxf kfpF5 .
lrofsdfg kms{Fbf df]Qmfgn] ;f/f k};f af]s]/ efu]sf] yfxf kfpF5 .
7"nL;Fu e]6]kl5 k'gM b'a}n] sfd ug{ yfN5g\ . d]l;gsf] lkmtfn] nfu]/ pm
sfd ug{ g;Sg] x'G5 . p;sf] 5f]/f] hGdG5 . hLjgdf cg]s b'3{6gf
Aoxf]/]sf] ;'tf/ ljlIfKt xF'b} hfG5 . Jofkf/sf] lx;fa la;{g yfN5 . p;sf]
cfly{s cj:yf lau|Fb} hfG5 .
Pslbg Jofkf/ ug{ hfFbf ;'tf/sf] e]6 p;sf] afa';Fu x'G5 . afa'n] !#
jif{sL 5f]/L p;nfO{ lhDdf nufpF5 . 5f]/L tLg jif{sL x'Fbf a'xf/L kf]Onf
uPsf] / ;'tf/sL cfdf Psjif{ klxnf lat]sf]n] gfltgLnfO{ lnP/ sfdfIff
lxF8]sf] afa' ;'tf/nfO{ 5f]/L lhDdf lbG5 . To;kl5 ;'tf/sf] 3/ lkmg]{ wf]sf]
;dfKt x'G5 .
cfdf / 5f]/Ln] aufgdf sfd u5{g\ . aRrf] a9\b} uPsf]n] b'a}n] sfd ug{
ldNb}g . Pslbg sfddf uPsL 5f]/L 8]/f vfnL ug]{ krL{ lnP/ kms{G5] .
ef]s} ;'t]sf] ;'tf/n] 9'Ëfn] Rofk]/ d/]sf] ;kgf b]V5 . ljlIfKt ;'tf/
5f]/LnfO{ emD6G5 . 7"nLn] cu'N6f]n] xfg]kl5 cflQP/ 3/aflx/ lgl:sPsf]
;'tf/ æd]/f] 7"Nbfh" Û d]/f] sfsL{Æ eGb} hËn x'Fb} 8fogf vf]nflt/ nfU5 .
pm km]l/ 3/ kmls{Fb}g . o;/L sf?l0fs 36gfdf k'u]/ pkGof; ;dfKt
x'G5 .
nfx'/] aGg], wg sdfP/ 3/ kmls{g], ;fx"sf] l/g ltg]{ ;'gf}nf ;kgf af]s]/
afa', cfdf, :jf:gL ufpF / b]z 5f]8L lxF8]sf sfsL{, 7"n,] ;'tf/ /
pgLx?h:t} y'k|} g]kfnLx?n] k|b]zdf ef]Ug'k/]sf] oftgf / cfkm\gf] 3/ kl/jf/
;lDemPsf] ;Gbe{n] pkGof;nfO{ 8fo:kf]l/s t'NofPsf] 5 . 7"n], nfn] a'Aaf,
/fO{ sfG5f] csfndf dg'{, ufpF ;Dem]/ efUg]x?n] oftgf kfpg', ;'tf/;Fu}
efu]sf] sfsL{ af6}df dg'{ g]kfnLsf 8fo:kf]l/s sf?l0fs ;Gbe{ x'g\ .
hËnsf] af6f] dfG5] / kz' b'a};Fu 8/fpFb} efu]sf] ;'tf/ sfG5f] dfgja:tLdf
kfv] ;fOnf]sf] ;dLkdf k'U5 . s]xL :j:y ePkl5 3/ lkmg]{ OR5f u5{ t/
kfv]n] æTof] ult lnP/ s] 3/ lkmg]{ < t} t} Psjif{ ot} a;f}F . vs{ 5, uf]7
5, 3/ 5 . v]tL sdfO ug'{ k/]df ePsf] kmfF8f}Fnf . To;kl5 3/ lkmg'{,
clnslt h]yf] klg xftdf kg]{5Æ -k[=((_ eg]kl5 kfv]s} ;xof]uL ag]/
a:5 . Odfgbf/ ;'tf/n] ufpFn]x?sf] dg lhT5 . kfv]n] 5f]/L klg lbG5
t/ kfv]sf] zq' ;fnaf]6]sf sf/0f k'gM ToxfFaf6 efUg ljj; x'G5 . efu]/
r]ªdf/L k'u]sf] ;'tf/n] kfFrjif{ sdfPsf] k};f lnP/ 3/ kms{g] tof/L ub}{ubf{
cfkm\g} ;fyL df]Qmfgn] k};f rf]/]kl5 ljrNnL x'G5 .
:jf:gL kf]Onf uPkl5 / cfdf d/]kl5 gfltgL af]s]/ afa' /]n:6];gdf
e]l6Pkl5 3/ lkmg]{ ;kgf ;bfsf nflu ;dfKt x'G5 . hLjgdf w]/]k6s
xG8/ vfP/ cr]t ag]sf] ;'tf/sf] hLjgsyf 8fo:kf]l/s b]lvG5 .
lgisif{
g]kfnL ;flxTosf ;dfnf]rgf tyf l;h{gf ljwfdf ljlzi6 klxrfg agfPsf
uf]ljGb/fh e§/fO{sf] klxnf] pkGof; …d'unfgÚ k|jf;L g]kfnLx?sf] b'M;fWo /
;‖if{k"0f{ k|jf;L hLjg ef]ufOsf] syf xf] . ;'gf}nf ;kgf af]s]/ d'unfg l5g]{
t/ cg]s sf/0f c;Gt'li6, ct[lKt, lg/fzf / si6 ef]Ug]x?sf] k|:t'ltnfO{
jt{dfg ;flxTon] 8fo:kf]l/s jf cfk|jf;Lo ;flxTo eGb5 . d'unfgsf]
ljifoj:t' o; b[li6sf]0fn] 8fo:kf]l/s nfUb5 .
ufpFaf6 g'g lsGg zx/ lxF8]sf 7"n] / ;'tf/ etL{ x'g], nfx'/] ag]/ 3/
kms{g] ;'gf}nf ;kgf af]sL Tot}af6 efU5g\ . l6:6fdf sfsL{nufot cGo
g]kfnL o'jfx? e]l6G5g\ hf] ;'tf/ / 7"n]n] h:t} ;kgf ;hfP/ 3/ 5f]8]sf
x'G5g\ . k/Gt' dfgj t:s/L ug]{ 7]s]bf/n] pgLx?nfO{ l;lSsd k'¥ofP/ af6f]
vGg] s'NnLsf ?kdf a]lrlbG5 . tL s'NnLx?nfO{ l8kfO6] elgG5 hf]
ToxfFaf6 efUg klg ;Sb}gg\ . >dsf] r/d zf]if0f / Hofgsf] cTolws
hf]lvd ePsf] To; sfddf 7"n], nfn] ;'Aaf, /fO{ sfG5f] ub}{ ;fyLx? db}{
uPkl5 To; 7fpFaf6 ;'tf/ / sfsL{ efUb5g\ t/ ofqfs} qmddf sfsL{sf]
klg lgwg ePkl5 ;'tf/ PlSnG5 . …xfMÚ af6 efu]sf] bz lbgdf dfgj
a:tLdf k'u]sf] ;'tf/ k'gM s]xL sdfP/ 3/ lkmg]{ ;kgf b]Vb} kfv]sf]df sfd
u5{ . kfv]sf] zq' ;fnaf]6]sf sf/0f ToxfFaf6 efu]/ r]ªdf/L k'U5 . ToxfF
kfFrjif{ ldlxg]t u/]/ sdfPsf] k};f ;fyL df]Qmfgn] rf]l/lbG5 . :jf:gL kf]On
uPsf], cfdf d/]sf] / afa' tLy{ ug{ lxF8]sf] yfxf kfPkl5 k};f sdfP/ nfx'/]
agL 3/ kms{g] ;'tf/sf] ;kgfsf] cGTo x'G5 . cfkm\gf] ljut ;Dem]/ ljlIfKt
;'tf/sf] k|jf;d} lgwg x'G5 .
o;/L ;'gf}nf ;kgf af]s]/ b]z 5f]8]sf g]kfnLn] b]z kms{g g;Sg] /
k|jf;df klg ;'vL / v';L /xg g;Sg], lrGtf / kL8fdf hLjg ;dfKt
ug'{kg]{ cj:yfsf] syf k|:t't u/]sf] …d'unfgÚ pkGof; cfk|jf;Lo cyf{t\
8fo:kf]l/s ;Gbe{sf] Ps zlQmzfnL pkGof;sf ?kdf b]vfk/]sf] 5 .
;Gbe{;fdu|L
á sf]O/fnf, s'df/k|;fb / nfsf]h", ;"o{k|;fb, -;Dkf=_, -@)&@_,
;flxTosf/ uf]ljGb/fh e§/fO{, sfe|] M cIf/dfu{ .
á uf}td, s[i0f, -@)^$_, pQ/cfw'lgs lh1f;f, sf7df8f}+ M e[s'6L
Ps]8]lds klAns];G; .
á uf}td, nId0fk|;fb, -@)^^_, g]kfnL ;flxTodf pQ/cfw'lgs
;dfnf]rgf, sf7df8f}+ M cf]l/PG6n klAns];g .
á kf}8\ofn, Psgf/fo0f, s, -@)&)_, cfw'lgs g]kfnL ;dfnf]rgfsf]
Oltxf;, lrtjg M ljdz{ g]kfn .
á = = = = = = = = = , -@)&)_, ;dfnf]rgfsf] :j?k / k4lt, lrtjg M ljdz{
g]kfn .
á e§/fO{, uf]ljGb/fh, -@)^$_, pQ/cfw'lgs ljdz{, sf7df8f}+ M df]8g{
a's .
á = = = = = = = = = , -@)&$_, d'unfg, 5}6f}F ;+:s/0f, sf7df8f}+ M cf]l/PG6n
klAns];g .
á n'O6]n, vu]Gb|k|;fb, -@)^(_, g]kfnL pkGof;sf] Oltxf;, sf7df8f}+ M
g]kfn k|1fk|lti7fg .
)))
lzj kf}8\ofnsf] cd/ kmn rfVbf
 8f= Zofdk|;fb Gof}kfg]
;'gjn !@, gjnk/f;L
!= cf/De
g]kfnL nf]s;flxTosf] cWoogcg';Gwfgdf ;lqmo JolQmTjsf] gfpF xf],
lzjk|;fb kf}8\ofn . ljz]iftM g]kfnL pvfg6'Ssfsf] cWoog / cg';Gwfgdf
cfk"mnfO{ ;dlk{t u/]sf lzj kf}8\ofn l;h{gfsf] If]qdf klg snd rnfpFb}
cfPsf 5g\ . k|:t't n]v ;'zLnf kf}8\ofnåf/f lj=;+= @)&@ df k|sflzt lzj
kf}8\ofnsf] cd/ kmn syfsf] ;]/f]km]/f]df /x]sf] 5 .
@= ;|i6f kl/ro
u'NdL lhNnfsf] xlb{g]6f $ ?Dhfsf]6df lj=;+= @)@# df hlGdPsf lzjk|;fb
kf}8\ofnn] d"n ljifo g]kfnL lnO{ lqe'jg ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gftsf]Q/ Pj+
pQm ljZjljBfnoaf6} g]kfnL nf]s;flxTocGtu{t g]kfnL pvfgsf] cWoog
zLif{sdf ljBfjfl/lw pkflw k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . nf]s;flxTotkm{sf] logsf]
cfsif{0f :gftsf]Q/ txdf cWoog u/]b]lv g} ePsf] s'/f :gftsf]Q/ tx
bf];|f] jif{df n'lDagL If]qdf k|rlnt g]kfnL pvfgsf] cWoog zLif{sLo
cg';Gwfgaf6 :ki6 x'G5 . hLjgofkgsf] qmddf u'NdLaf6 gjnk/f;L x'Fb}
?kGb]xLsf] ltnf]Qdf % zª\s/gu/df a;f]af; ug{ k'u]sf kf}8\ofn nfdf]
;dob]lv nf]s;flxTosf] cWoog / cg';Gwfgdf h'6]sf 5g\ . :yfgLo Pj+
/fli6«o kqklqsfdf ljljw ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt n]v/rgf k|sflzt u/fpFb}
cfPsf kf}8\ofnsf] cd/ kmn -syf;ª\u|x_ @)&@ sf] uftfaGbLsf] kl5Nnf]
k[i7df pNn]v ePcg';f/ logsf xfn;Dd k|sflzt k':tsfsf/ s[lt o;
k|sf/ 5g\ –
!= g]kfnL pvfgsf] ljifofTds cWoog -@)^)_
@= g]kfnL afn ljZjsf]z -@)^)_, ;xn]vg
#= g]kfnL ufpFvfg] syf -@)^!_
$= g]kfnL 6'Ssfx?sf] ;j]{If0f / ljZn]if0f -@)^!_
^= g]kfnL pvfgsf /rgf ;Gbe{ -@)^*_
&= nf]ssyf ;Gbe{sf g]kfnL pvfg -@)^*_
*= g]kfnL pvfg ;ª\u|x -@)^(_
(= slj n]vgfy 1jfnLsf sljtf s[ltsf] cWoog -@)&)_
!)= ;fdflhs ;f+:s[lts ;Gbe{sf g]kfnL pvfg -@)&!_
!!= cd/ kmn -syf;ª\u|x_ @)&@
kf}8\ofnn] g]kfnL nf]s;flxTosf] cWoogcg';Gwfgdf k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfgsf]
sb/ ub}{ ljleGg ;+:yf Pj+ k|lti7fgx?n] k'/:s[lt Pj+ ;Ddfg u/]sf 5g\ .
g]kfn ljBfe"if0f s -@)^%_ kbsaf6 lje"lift kf}8]n ;femf k|sfzg -@)^)_,
/fli6«o lzIff k'/:sf/ -@)^(_, u'Nd]nL ;Dks{ ;dfh, ?kGb]xL -@)^(_, slj
n]vgfy 1jfnL :d[lt k|lti7fg, ?kGb]xL -@)&), l;4fy{ ;flxTo kl/ifb\
-@)&!_, blw:d[lt ;flxTo ;dfh, slknj:t' -@)&@_ h:tf ;+:yfaf6
;Ddflgt eO;s]sf 5g\ . xfn lelhl6ª k|f]km];/sf] ?kdf sfzL lxGb"
ljZjljBfno, jf/f0f;Ldf sfo{/t logL nf]s;flxTosf] cWoog /
cg';Gwfgdf h'l6/x]sf 5g\ .
#= cd/ kmn syfsf] ljZn]if0f
#=!= ;+/rgf
hDdfhDdL !^±!!^ u/L !#@ k[i7df ;+/lrt cd/ kmn syf;ª\u|x demf}nf
cfsf/sf ## j6f syf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] demf}nf cfsf/sf] s[lt xf] . ##
j6f syf !!^ k[i7df /flvPsf 5g\ eg] afFsL !^ k[i7 uftfaGbL, ljifo;"rL,
n]vsLo dGtJo / 8f= g]qk|;fb Gof}kfg]sf] cd/ kmn syf;ª\u|x M Ps
ljxª\ud b[li6 zLif{sLo ljZn]if0ffTds n]vn] cf]u6]sf] kfOG5 . syf Ps
a;fOdf kl9;lsg] ljwf ljz]if xf] eGg] dfGotfnfO{ o;df ;dflji6 ;Dk"0f{
syfn] cfTd;ft\ u/]sf] kfOG5 . o;df ;dflji6 e't] u'kmf syfafx]s cGo
syf g Tolt 5f]6f 5g\, g Tolt nfdf g} . k|foM ;Dk"0f{ syf ljj/0ffTds
/x]sf 5g\ .
#=@= efj ljwfg
s'g} klg ;flxlTos s[ltn] cleJoQm ug{ vf]h]sf] d"n r'/f] g} efj xf] .
;|i6fn] cfkm\gf] s[ltdf s'g} g s'g} efj ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] x'G5 g} . efj
ljgfsf] s[lt x'Fb}g . o; syf;ª\u|xsf ljleGg syfdf syfsf/n] ljleGg
ljifoj:t' cjnDag u/L ljljw efj cleJoQm ug]{ k|of/ u/]sf] kfOG5 .
ljj]Ro s[ltsf] slnsf] dfg M lrof / kfg zLif{sLo syfdf /fd/fj0fsf]
o'4sf] k|;ª\u sf]6\ofpFb} dflg;n] d[To'af]w u/L x/]s sfd ;dod} ;DkGg
ug'{kg]{ cGoyf cfkm}+n] ;DkGg ug{ ;lsg] sfd klg cw'/} /xg] ljrf/ JoQm
u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] lxdfnL If]qdf cd"No h8La'6L /x]sf]tkm{ ;ª\s]t ub}{
/fd/fj0fsf] o'4df OGb|lhtsf] a|Xdf:qn] a]xf]; ePsf nId0fnfO{ lxdfnL
h8La'6Ln] 7Ls agfPsf] / h8La'6Lsf] /;kfg u/]kl5 kmflnPsf 5f]qmfx? g}
slno'udf lrof / kfgsf] ?kdf k|s6 ePsf] ls+jbGTofTds cleJolQm k|s6
ul/Psf] 5 . ;du|df dflg;n] ;do 5Fb} ;fdYo{cg';f/sf] sfd ug{ kl5
kg{ gx'g] / x/]s j:t'n] oyf ;dodf ;Ddfg k|fKt ug]{ efj o; syfdf
kfOG5 . cd/ kmn syfdf /fhf et[{xl/sf] syfk|;ª\u sf]6\ofpFb} df+;nk|]dn]
k|>o kfPsf] / To;af6 dflg;n] slxNo} ;'v gkfpg], :jfyL{ ;+;f/df s'g}
klg JolQm ljZjf;of]Uo gePsf]n] ;f+;fl/s df]x kl/Tofu u/L k/dfy{ lrGtg
ug'{ g} >]o:s/ x'g] efj JoQm ul/Psf] 5 . vfF6L b"wdf kfgL xfn]/ syfdf
cfhsf] dflg;nfO{ ;xL / ;To s'/f gkRg] -ljZjf; gug]{_, gSsnL /
c;To s'/fnfO{ g} ;xL / ;To dfGg] k|j[lQ /x]sf] efj JoQm ub}{ cfhsf
xflsdx? g} cfk"meGbf tNnf sd{rf/LnfO{ Jolerf/, e|i6frf/ ug{ k|]l/t
u5{g\ eGg]tkm{ klg o; syfn] ;ªs]t u/]sf] 5 . qmflGt hGdg] 5 syfdf
lj=;+= @)%@ b]lv cf/De ePsf] dfcf]jfbL åGådf ;ljgfh:tf xf]gxf/
o'jtLx?n] o'4tfsf ef]Ug'k/]sf b'Mv, kL8f / oftgfsf] pb\3f6g ub}{
o'4sf/LnfO{ oftgf lbP/ qmflGt ;fDo kfg{ vf]Hg' csf]{ qmflGtnfO{ hGdlbg'
xf], cGo qmflGtsf/L hGdfpg' xf], o;}n] oftgf lbP/ s'g} klg o'4 lhTg
;ls+b}g eGb} nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngdf dlxnfx?sf] cxd\ e"ldsf lyof] eGg]
ljrf/ JoQm ul/Psf] 5 . ;Dkbf / p;sf] la/fnf] zLif{sLo syfdf afn
dgf]lj1fg k|of]u ePsf] 5 . o; syfdf afnaflnsfx? cfk"mnfO{ dg k/]sf]
j:t' kfPgg\ eg] cToGt lg/fz x'G5g\ . pgLx?df lgZ5n k|]d x'G5 eGg]
efj JoQm ub}{ ;Dkbfsf] la/fnf]k|ltsf] k|]defj JoQm ePsf] 5 . ;fy} k[YjL
;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLsf] ;femf 3/ ePsf]n] ;a}k|lt ;b\efj /fVg' dfgjLo bfloTj xf]
eGg]tkm{ klg o; syfn] ;ª\s]t u/]sf] 5 . pN6f x'G5 syf @)$^ sf]
kl/jt{gkZrft\sf] ;+qmd0fsfnLg ;donfO{ ;d]6/ n]lvPsf] syf xf] .
;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] ;Gbe{nfO{ lnP/ n]lvPsf] k|:t't syfdf tTsfnLg
k|wfgdGqL s[i0fk|;fb e6\6/fO{sf] 76\of}nL kf/fnfO{ xf:osf] k'6 lbOPsf] 5 .
h:tf];'s} uxg ljifonfO{ klg e6\6/fO{n] ;lhnf] / ;xh?kdf lng] u/]sf]
oyfy{sf] pb\3f6g o; syfdf ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} kl/jt{g nuQ} hgtf
/fhf / /fhb/af/k|lt cToGt ;zl°t lyP eGg]tkm{ klg o; syfn] ;ª\s]t
u/]sf] kfOG5 . oxL+ cfgGb 5 syfdf cfgGb ef}lts j:t'df geO{ cflTds
j:t', ÅbohGo j:t' ePsf]n] hxfF dg /dfpF5, ToxL+ cfgGbfg'e"lt ug{
;lsG5 eGg] efj JoQm ul/Psf] 5 . sltko dflg;x? cfgGb k|flKtsf]
nflu ef}lts ;DklQ hf]xf] ug{d} nfU5g\ / cfgGbsf] cg'e"lt gu/L lhGbuL
;dfKt kf5{g\ t/ cfgGb lng] pkfo / ;fdYo{ x'g]x? kxf8kfvfdf 3fF;
sf6\b} ubf{, psfnf]cf]/fnf]df kl;gf lgsfNb} ef/L af]Sb} ubf{, ufO{j:t'
r/fpFb} ubf{ klg cfgGbsf] cg'e"lt ub{5g\ eGb} cfgGb xflb{s j:t' ePsf]n]
ef}lts j:t'df xf]Og, cfkm}+df vf]Hg'kg]{ ;Gb]z lbg vf]lhPsf] 5 .
sfne}/jsf] xfF;f] syfdf sf7df8f}+df k|rlnt ls+jbGtLnfO{ ljifoj:t' agfP/
:qLof rl/q+ k'/mif:o efUod\ b]jf] g hfgflt s'tf] dg'ioM eGg] ;+:s[lt plQm
rl/tfy{ kfl/Psf] 5 . ;fy} :qLju{sf] rt'¥ofOFsf] pb\3f6g ul/Psf] 5 .
lgi7'/L cfdf syfdf gf/Lsf] ct[Kt sfdjf;gfn] ;'Gb/ kl/jf/ klg etfe'ª\u
/ nyflnª\u x'g] ljrf/ JoQm ub}{ ;Dk"0f{ s'/f k'uL;/L cfP klg ct[Kt
sfdjf;gfaf6 kLl8t gf/Lx? d[To'sf] d'vdf k/L hGdfPsf sNsnfpFbf
;Gtlt / dfofn' kltnfO{ klg kl/Tofu ug{ lsl~rt\ dfGb}gg\ eGg] efj JoQm
ul/Psf] 5 . lhpFbf] dfG5] syfdf ;bf;j{bf d/]sf dflg;x?sf ;fy
Jojxf/ u/]sf od/fhn] lhpFbf] dfG5]sf] Jojxf/ b]v]/ eoeLt ePsf], 7"nf]
kbdf k'u] klg /Lltlylt jf lgodsfg'g ldr]/ sfd ug{ gx'g] efj JoQm
ePsf] 5 . lgodsfg'g ldr]/ jf clwsf/If]qeGbf aflx/ uP/ sfd ugf{n]
oftgfsf] eflubf/ aGg'kb{5 eGg] efj;d]t oxfF JoQm ePsf] kfOG5 . nf]eM
kfk:o sf/0fd\ zLif{sLo syfdf ;'wgk'q ;'of]wg / gu/aw"sf] k|;ª\u
pNn]v ub}{ k9]n]v]sf] JolQmnfO{ sltko Jofjxfl/s s'/fsf] hfgsf/L gx'g]
Pj+ nf]e g} kfksf] sf/0f xf] eGg] efj JoQm ePsf] 5 . efUodf gePkl5
zLif{sLo syfdf eujfg\ cfz'tf]ifsf] eQm cefuL bLggfysf] k|;ª\u
sf]6\ofpFb} efUod} gePsf] s'/f eujfg\n] k|bfg ug{ vf]h] klg k|fKt x'Fb}g
eGb} k|sf/fGt/n] efUo eg]s} sd{ xf] eGg] efj JoQm ul/Psf] 5 . ;w}+
lx+8\g] af6f]sf] k'ng]/ eujfg\n] ;'gsf] 8Nnf] /flvlbPsf lbg x/]s lbg
af6f] x]/]/ lx+8\g] bLggfyn] cfFvf lrDn]/ lx+8\gfn] -sd{ 5f]8\gfn]_ ;'gsf]
8Nnf] k|fKt ug{ ;s]g eGb} dflg;n] x/]s lbg ;r]t Pj+ ;fjwfgLk"j{s sd{
ug'{kb{5 eGg] efjtkm{ ;ª\s]t ul/Psf] kfOG5 . lgikmn ljBf syfdf
k9Ln]vL ;+:sf/o'Qm Pj+ 1fgL aGg'kg]{df cfw'lgs o'jfx? ;+:sf/ /
bfloTjxLg aGb} uPsf], cf8Da/o'Qm hLjgz}nL cjnDag ug{ pBt /x]sf]
oyfy{sf] cleJolQm lb+b} cfhsf] lzIffn] dflg;nfO{ st{Joaf]w gu/fPsf] efj
JoQm ePsf] 5 . k9]n]v] klg h'g JolQmdf ;+:sf/ / st{Joaf]w x'Fb}g
To;sf] ljBf lgikmn x'G5 eGg] ;Gb]z o; syfsf] dfWodaf6 syfsf/n]
JoQm ug{ vf]h]sf 5g\ . ;'vsf] vf]hL syfdf ;'vsf] cg'e"ltsf] nflu
wg;DklQ cfjZos gkg]{ dfgl;s ;Gt'li6 g} ;'vsf] d'xfg xf], t[i0ff/lxt
x'g' g} ;'vL x'g' xf] eGg] efj JoQm ul/Psf] 5 . ef}lts ;'v syfdf x/]s
JolQm cfk"m hGd]x's]{sf] cfkm\g} jftfj/0fdf ;'vL x'G5, ef}lts ;'v Ifl0fsdfq
xf], cfTdLo ;'v g} jf:tljs ;'v xf] eGg] efj bLgkltsf] dfWodaf6 JoQm
ePsf] 5 . k'0o dfG5] syfdf Pp6} afa'cfdfsf ;Gtltdf klg leGg leGg
rl/q x'G5 eGb} dflg;n] zf/Ll/s ;fdYo{ x'Fbf h:tf];'s} v/fa sd{ ug{
klg kl5 gkg]{ t/ zf/Ll/s ;fdYo{ b'a{n ePkl5 :ju{gs{sf] eo lnO{ k'0o
sd{tkm{ nflu/xg] efj JoQm ePsf] 5 . lglZrt ;dodf k"mn, k|;fb /
eujfg\sf] cf/fwgf ub}{df k'0o cfh{g x'Fb}g, cfkm\gf b}lgs sd{sf ;fy;fy}
ef]sf, gfª\uf, ckfª\u, cgfy, a];xf/f, j[4j[4fsf] ;]jf u/] k'0o k|fKt ug{
;lsG5 eGg] ljrf/ JoQm ePsf] 5 . n;'g / Kofh syfdf ls+jbGtLnfO{
sf]6\ofpFb} ufO{sf] df;'sf 6'qmfaf6 n;'g / Kofh ag]sf]n] lxGb"
wdf{jnDaLx?sf] efG;fdf n;'g / Kofh jlh{t ePsf] s'/f pNn]v ul/Psf]
5 . ;fy} hgtfnfO{ ;'v, zflGt / cdgr}g lbgsf] nflu k|frLg /fhfx?
slt lrGtgzLn /xGy] eGg] efj;d]t oxfF kfOG5 . nIdLsf] af; syfdf
/fh:yfgaf6 l/Qf] xft g]kfn l5/]sf cfzf/fd / pgsL kTgL zflGtb]jLsf]
lqmofsnfk pNn]v ub}{ pBf]u, snsf/vfgf ;~rfng u/]/ cfzf/fd wgL
ag]sf]n] pBf]uLsxfF g} nIdLsf] af; x'g] jf:tljstf k|s6 ul/Psf] 5 .
cfzf/fdh:tf JolQmx? Tolt 6f9faf6 cfP/ pBd u/L dgUo] ;DklQ cfh{g
u/]sf 5g\ . xfdL g]kfnLx? eg] cxf]/fq ukmd} Jo:t /xL cfh{gxLg aGb}
uPsf 5f}+ eGb} ;Dk"0f{ dflg; pBdzLn agL cfocfh{g ug'{kg]{ efj JoQm
ul/Psf] 5 . s:tf] Gofo < zLif{sLo syfdf bLgbofn / anaxfb'/sf]
k|;ª\u sf]6\ofpFb} k|hftGq ÷ nf]stGq k|flKtkZrft\ klg ;dfhdf tyfslyt
7"nf dflg;x?s} x}sd rn]sf], bLgbofnh:tf ;j{;fwf/0fn] Gofo kfpg
g;s]sf], /fHo;d]t 7"nfa8fs} cf8 nfUg] u/]sf]n] ;dfhdf ;dfg lsl;dn]
Gofo ljt/0f gePsf] efj JoQm ePsf] 5 . ltx'g t rs}{ 5 syfdf
kTgLkLl8t kltsf] lg/Lx cj:yf JoQm ub}{ clt ePkl5 ;f]emf] dflg;df klg
qmf]w pTkGg x'G5 eGg] efj JoQm ePsf] 5 . 3/kl/jf/ ;'vL x'gsf] nflu
kltkTgL b'a}n] Pscsf{nfO{ ;Ddfgsf] b[li6n] x]g'{kb{5 eGg] ;Gb]z syfsf/n]
JoQm ug{ vf]h]sf 5g\ . hF8\ofxfsf] /]l8of] syfdf dflg; wtª\uf] ePkl5
p;sf s'/fdfq xf]Og, p;n] k|of]u ug]{ ;fdu|LnfO{ klg dflg;x? dg
k/fpFb}gg\, ljZjf; klg ub}{gg\ eGb} x/]s dflg; lzi6, ;'zLn Pjd\ ljgd|
x'g'kb{5 eGg] ;Gb]z JoQm ug{ vf]h]sf 5g\ . b]v]sf] e"t syfdf ;fdflhs
ljZjf;n] g} dflg; eoeLt x'g] u/]sf] efj ljrf/ k|s6 ub}{ ;dfhsf ;r]t
ju{n] oyf;So cGwljZjf;, s'/LltnfO{ kl/Tofu ub}{ e"t;DaGwL syfnfO{ e"t
agfpg'kg]{ efj JoQm ul/Psf] 5 . cfdf x/fpg' ef] syfdf u'NdL, :ofª\hf,
kfNkfsf] ;ª\uddf /x]sf] l/8Lsf] wfld{s Pj+ ;f+:s[lts dlxdf JoQm ub}{
x/]s d]nfhfqfdf dflg;x? eL8d} x/fpg ;Sg] ePsf]n] d]nf eg{ hfFbf
;fjwfgL ckgfpg'kg]{ ;Gb]z JoQm ePsf] 5 . af3n] u5{ syfdf hª\unsf]
af6f] lx+8\bf lx+;|s hGt'sf] eo x'G5 eGb} ;r]ttf ckgfpg'kg]{ ljrf/ k|s6
ul/Psf] 5 . l5d]sLsf] k"hf syfdf x/]s dflg;n] ;dfhsf ;fdflhs
kl/j]z a'emL Jojxf/ ug'{kg]{, l5d]sL eg]sf] Ho"Fbfsf hGtL / dbf{sf] dnfdL
ePsf]n] x/xd]zf l5d]sLnfO{ cfjZos ;/;xof]u ug'{kg]{ ljrf/ JoQm ub}{
;fgf] s'/fn] klg ;dfhdf xnrn pTkGg x'g;Sg] ;Defjgftkm{ ;ª\s]t
ul/Psf] 5 . of]Uo cof]Uo syfdf s'g} sfddf c;kmn eOof] eGb}df lg/fz
/ xtf; x'gx'Fb}g . cfkm\gf] Ifdtf / of]Uotfn] ;d]6\g] sfd cjnDag u/L
cufl8 a9\g] xf] eg] ;kmntf k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] ljrf/ JoQm ul/Psf]
5 . a]afl/;] nf; syfdf dfcf]jfbL åGåtfsf rGb|sfGth:tf lgbf]{if hgtfn]
zª\s}zª\sfn] s;/L Hofg u'dfpg' k/]sf] lyof] eGg] ljrf/ JoQm ub}{
tTsfnLg ;dodf ;/sf/L tyf ljb|f]xL b'a}tkm{sf ;]gfaf6 hgtf k|tfl8t
x'gk/]sf] jf:tljstfsf] pb\3f6g ul/Psf] 5 . ljw'/ syfdf 5f]/f5f]/Ln]
ljw'/ afa'sf] kL8f a'lemlbg] xf] eg] j[4 ljw'/x?sf] hLjgdf klg v'l;ofnL
cfpg] ljrf/ k|s6 ul/Psf] 5 . e"t] u'kmf syfdf e"tn] ;f]emf dflg;x?nfO{
;tfP klg hG8 dflg;;Fu e"t klg eoeLt x'g] ePsf]n] e"t jf e"t] u'kmf
ePsf :yfgdf lg8/ eO{ lx+8\g'kg]{ ;Gb]z JoQm ul/Psf] 5 . sfnf] cIf/
e}+;L a/fa/ syfdf sd{cg';f/sf] kmn k|fKt x'g] ePsf]n] ;'sd{ ug'{kg]{
;Gb]z lbg vf]lhPsf] 5 . OlQ gla/fP syfdf o'jtLx?;Fu Vofn76\6f u/]
klg v/fa sd{lt/ nfUg' x'Fb}g eGg] efj JoQm ePsf] 5 . ToxL s]6L
rflxG5 syfdf Pp6} gfd u/]sf b'O{ o'jtLdWo] e|djz cfk"mn] rfx]sLeGbf
leGg cg'xf/sL o'jtL;Fu sf}znsf] ljjfx ePsf]n] o'jtLsf] gfd xf]Og, gfd,
7]ufgf a'emL j}jflxs ;DaGw sfod ug'{kb{5 eGg] efj JoQm ePsf] 5 .
klxn] ;f]+r ljrf/ ug'{k5{ syfdf h'g;'s} sfd ubf{ cs:dft\ gu/L ljj]s
k'¥ofpg'kb{5 eGg] ;Gb]z JoQm ePsf] 5 .
ljj]Ro s[ltleqsf x/]s syfdf syfsf/n] dfgjLo ;dfhdf b]lvg] ljljw
;d:of pb\3f6g ub}{ zfGt, ;'Gb/, Goflos, ;dtfd"ns Pj+ cfbz{do
;dfhsf] :yfkgfdf hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ .
#=#= efiffz}nL
ljj]Ro s[lt cd/ kmn ;/n Pj+ ;/; efiffz}nLdf /rgf ePsf] syf;ª\u|x
xf] . sltko tT;d zAb k|of]u eP klg oxfF tb\ej / em/f{ zAbsf]
cflwSotf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . sltko syfdf lxGbL efiffsf jfSo klg ;dfj]z
ul/Psf] 5 t/ klg tL b'?x eg] 5}gg\ . oyf:yfgdf g]kfnL nf]suLtsf
6'qmf klg oxfF kfOG5g\ . pvfg, 6'Ssfsf] k|of]un] cleJolQmnfO{ cem a9L
ljZjfl;nf] / rf]lknf] agfPsf] 5 . ;/n efiff / j0f{gfTds z}nL cjnDag
ul/Psf]n] cfnª\sfl/stfsf] emGem6af6 of] s[lt k"0f{tM d'Qm /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
k|yd / t[tLo k'/mif b[li6ljGb'df /rgf ul/Psf oL syfdf sxL+ sxL+ ;+jfb
z}nL klg gkfOg] xf]Og t/ ;+jfb z}nL cToNk k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . /}lvs
9fFrfdf ;+/lrt o; ;ª\u|xsf syfsf] efiffz}nLn] syfsf] p2]Zo klxnfpg
;kmn /x]sf] kfOG5 .
$= lgisif{
cfw'lgs g]kfnL syfofqfdf cd/ kmn s[ltsf] dfWodaf6 syfsf/
JolQmTjsf] ?kdf bl/g k'u]sf lzjk|;fb kf}8\ofnsf] ljj]Ro s[lt cd/
kmndf g]kfnL ;dfhsf ljljw kIfsf] ;fy} of}g dgf]lj1fg / afn
dgf]lj1fg;Fu ;DalGwt syfx? klg ;dfj]z ul/Psf] kfOG5 . ;fdflhs
Pj+ dgf]j}1flgs ljifoj:t'nfO{ ;/n efiff / j0f{gfTds z}nLdf cleJoQm u/L
syfsf/n] zfGt, ;d'Ggt, Goflos, ;dtfd"ns / ;'Gb/ dfgj;+;f/
lgdf{0fdf hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ . oxfF ls+jbGtLsf] k'i6\ofOF, k|frLg syfk|;ª\usf]
pb\3f6g, e|i6frf/, dfcf]jfbL o'4, afnaflnsfdf hgfj/k|]d, dlxnfsf]
rt'¥ofOF, ct[Kt sfdjf;gf, lhpFbf] dflg;sf hG8 :jfefj, cJofjxfl/s
lzIff, pBdsf] kl/0flt, Gofo ljt/0fdf c;dfg k4lt, e"tk|]t, 5/l5d]s
cflb ljifoj:t'n] :yfg kfPsf 5g\ . xfd|} ufpF3/df 36\g] / 36\g ;Sg]
ljljw ljifoj:t'nfO{ syfsf/n] syfsf] ?kdf k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ .
syfsf/sf] d"ntM clwsf+z syfx? d}n] cfkm\g} hLjg / kl/j]zdf cg'e"lt
u/]sf 36gfnfO{ cfwf/ agfO{ syfsf] /rgf u/]sf] 5' eGg] cleJolQmaf6 klg
oL syf xfd|} ufpF3/, 5/l5d]sf 36gf x'g\ eGg] :ki6 x'G5 . lgi7'/L cfdf
syfdf of}g dgf]lj1fgsf] k|of]u kfOG5 eg] ;Dkbf / p;sf] la/fnf] syfdf
afn dgf]lj1fg kfOG5 .
o; s[ltleqsf syfdWo] e"t] u'kmf ;a}eGbf nfdf] syf xf] . cGo syf
demf}nf cfofdsf 5g\ . 5f]6f] ;dod} kl9;lsg] / ;/n efiffz}nLdf /rgf
ePsf x'gfn] oL syf ;Dk|]if0fLo /x]sf b]lvG5g\ . oL syfsf] cWoog ub}{
hfFbf nf]s;flxTosf] emNsf] kfOG5 . nf]s;flxTos} k'6df oL syf l;h{gf
ePsf] k|ToIf b[li6uf]r/ x'G5 . ;|i6f nfdf] ;dob]lv nf]s;flxTosf] cWoog
/ cg';Gwfgdf nfu]sf]n] To;sf] k|efj oL syfdf dgUo] k/]sf] b]lvG5 .
s'g} syf pvfgdf lglxt syfnfO{ k'li6 ug]{ k|of; t s'g}df ls+jbGtL
k|i6\ofpg vf]h]em}+ k|tLt x'G5 . t/ klg k|To]s syfn] ;'Gb/ ;+;f/
lgdf{0fsf] ;Gb]z lbg r's]sf] b]lv+b}g . nfdf] ;dob]lv nf]s;flxTodf
nfu]sf] eP klg l;h{gftkm{sf] of] pgsf] klxnf] k|of; xf] . n]vssf] snd
cBflk rln/x]sf]n] ;an / /;l;Qm s[lt kfpg] ;DefjgfnfO{ gsfg{
;ls+b}g .
)))
g]kfnL efiffdf ;fj{ef}ldstfsf] k|Zg
 g]qgf/fo0f zdf{
;'gjn–@, ju{b]xL, gjnk/f;L
;doqmd;Fu} efiffdf kl/jt{g b]lvg' :jfefljs xf] . efiffsf] o; u'0fsf
sf/0f klg o;sf] cl:tTj hLjGt /xg uPsf] xf] . efiffdf slxn] sfxLF
cl:tTjsf] ;ª\s6 b]vf k5{ . d"ntM 7"nf] hg;ª\Vofn] k|of]u ug]{ efiffsf]
c;/ ;fgf] hg;ª\Vof ;d"xdf :jtM kg{ hfG5 . kmntM ;fgf]
hg;ª\Vofsf] efiff k|of]udf ckgTj u'dfpb} hfFbf cGttM eflifs d[To' x'g
k'U5 . o;/L efiffsf] cfkm\gf] ;fj{ef}ldstf u'dfO{ cl:tTj g} nf]k ePsf
efiffx?sf] ;ª\Vof klg ;+;f/df sd 5}g . g]kfndf v; efiffsf] k|of]ueGbf
cufl8 u8jfnL, s'dfpgL, cf;fdL, u'h/ftL, l;lSsdL efiffsf] :j?k;Fu
ldNbf]h'Nbf] efiff k|of]u lyof] eGg] tYof°n] b]vfpF5 . t/ tL efiffx?sf]
cl:tTj xfn sxL+ st} e]l6b}g . xfn g]kfnL efiffsf] k|of]usf] If]q eg]
cToGt km/flsnf] aGb} uPsf] 5 . o;f] x'g'df l;h{gzLntf klg xf] . t/
o;sf] k|efjdf sltko efiff å}ttfsf] l:ylt b]vf kbf{ lklhgsf] cl:tTj
b]vf k/]sf] 5 .
d"ntM o; k|sf/sf efiff ;ª\s]tsf l:ylt g]kfnsf] t/fO{ If]q tyf
sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf b]vf kl/;s]sf 5g\ . of] s'g} efiffsf] ;fj{ef}ldstf
dflysf] x:tIf]k xf] . o; k|sf/sf] kl/jlt{t ?k klxnf] t dflg;sf] a9\bf]
a;fO;/fOsf sf/0f bf];|f] Jofkfl/s l:yltsf sf/0f klg b]vf kg]{ ub{5 .
dWosfndf g]kfnsf] Jofkfl/s ;DaGw ltAat;Fu ePsf sf/0f tyf g]kfn
cª\u|]h o'4tfsf efiffdf g]kfnL efiffsf] k|z:t ljrng b]vf k/]sf] s'/f
ljleGg clen]vaf6 1ft x'G5 . To;f] t /f0ffsfnLg cj:yfdf klg a9\bf]
dfqfdf cª\u|]hL k|efjsf sf/0f g]kfnL efiffsf] pRrf/0fdf ;d]t k|z:t
lje]bx? b]lvPsf lyP . g]kfnL efiffdf o; k|sf/sf] ;ª\s]t ldNgf;fy
efiffsf] cl:tTj hf]ufpg ;do ;dodf eflifs cfGbf]ngx? klg ePsf
5g\ . em/f]{jfbL g]kfnL eflifs cfGbf]ng o;/L g} ;'?ePsf] cfGbf]ng xf] .
efiffdf kl/jt{g b]lvg' :jfefljs xf] . of] efiffsf] u'0f xf] . o; k|sf/sf]
kl/jt{g cl:tTj g} d]6fpg] u/L b]vf kg'{ rflxF c:jfefljs xf] . ;+;f/df
xfn 5 xhf/eGbf a9L efiffsf] cl:tTj /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnd} klg !@%
efiffx?sf] cl:tTj /x]sf] s'/f ljleGg tYof+sx?n] b]vfpF5g\ . oLdWo] yf]/}
dfq hg;+Vofn] k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf] ;wgL, s';'08f, xfo', n]Krf, h:tf
efiffx?sf] cl:tTj nf]k x'g] cj:yf 5 . o:tf efiffx? Nff]k x'g] s]xL
sf/0fx? b]vf kb{5g\ . g+= ! k|of]usf] If]q cToGt ;fFu'/f] x'g' @=lnlvt /
af]nrfndf :jod\ efifL jQmf;d]t pbf;Lg b]lvg' #=hLjg z}nLdf cfPsf]
kl/jt{g $=clws hg;+Vofn] af]Ng] efiffsf] babaf %=b]zsf] eflifs gLlt
:ki6 gx'g' cflb .
efiffdf kl/jt{g s;/L b]vf k5{ < ;do kl/jt{gzLn 5 . ;do;Fu}
;+;f/sf ;a} j:t'x? kl/jt{g xF'b} hfG5g\ . ;donfO{ 5f]8\g g;Sg' dflg;
dfqn] xf]Og, ;+;f/sf s'g} klg j:t'n] ;s]sf 5}gg\ . To;}n] efiffdf klg
:jfefljs kl/jt{gsf] l:ylt b]vf k5{ . efiffsf] of] ljz]iftfnfO{ Wofgdf
/fv]/ efiffsf] cWoog ug]{ ljlwzf:qx?sf] ljsf; eO;s]sf] 5 . d"ntM
efiffsf] P]ltxfl;s efifflj1fgn] o; k|sf/sf] vf]hL u5{ . ;+;f/sf efiffdf
kfOg] ljz]iftfsf cfwf/df efiffsf] kfl/jfl/s juL{s/0f ug]{ sfo{ klg
P]ltxfl;s efifflj1fgn] g} u/]sf] xf] . of] efifflj1fgsf] pbo !( cf}F
ztfAbLdf ePsf] xf] . o;n] xfn ;+;f/df rf}weGbf a9L efiff kl/jf/sf
efiffx? Aff]lnG5 eGg] b]vfPsf] 5 .!
d"ntM efiffdf s] s:tf sf/0fx?n] ubf{ kl/jt{g b]vf k5{ < eGg] k|Zg 5
o;df ljleGg sf/0fx? x'g ;S5g\ . efiffsf ljleGg e]bx?sf] ;Dks{,
;fdflhs ;fF:s[lts cj:yf, k':tfGt/0fsf] cj:yf, ;deflifs ;Dks{df
Go"gtf, a9\bf] ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ;Dks{, lzIffsf] k|efj cflbsf sf/0f
efiffdf kl/jt{g x'g] u5{ . k[YjLgf/fo0fsfnLg g]kfnL efiff k|of]u cfhsf]
;Gbe{df ul/b}g . o;sf] k|d'v sf/0f g} k':tfGt/0f xf] . xfd|f] 3/kl/jf/df
klg xh'/a'afn] k|of]u ug]{ eflifs :j?k gfltn] u/]sf] kfOFb}g . p;sf] z}nL
g} km/s x'G5 . To;}u/L x/]s efiffsf cf–cfkm\gf :j?k / kl/jf/ x'G5g\ .
xfdL g]kfnL efiff / lxGbL efiffsf :j?kut leGgtf Tolt b]Vb}gf}F hlt
g]kfnL efiff / u'/mª\u efiffdf b]V5f}F . To;}u/L t/fO{ If]qdf k|of]u ul/g]
d}lynL, ef]hk'/L tyf cjwL efiffdf eflifs :j?kut Pstf b]vf k5{ eg]
g]jf/L, z]kf{ tyf tfdfª\ efiffsf aLr To:tf] :j?kut Pstf kfOFb}g .
d}lynLefifL jQmfn] hlt l56f] g]kfnL efiff l;Sg ;S5 Tolt g} k|of; /
;dodf p;n] cª\u|]hL efiff l;Sg ;Sb}g . efiffsf] kfl/jfl/s ljleGgtfsf
sf/0f o:tf] l:ylt b]vf k/]sf] xf] .@ Pp6} kl/jf/leqsf efiffx? jQmfn]
l56f] sd cEof;d} l;Sg ;S5 lsgeg] p;nfO{ p:t} / pxL lsl;dsf
eflifs :j?kx?s]f af/Daf/ cEof; eO;s]sf] x'G5 . To;}u/L km/s
kfl/jfl/s eflifs jQmf ePsf] cj:yfdf eg] efiff l;sfO sl7g kg{ hfG5 .
hxfF;Dd eflifs kl/jt{gsf] s'/f 5 Tof] ljifd kfl/jfl/s efiff eP tfklg
clws ;Dks{ / k|efjsf sf/0f k/:k/ eflifs :j?kdf kl/jt{g b]vf k5{ .
o;nfO{ xfdL sxL+ st} eflifsf eg]sf] kfpF5f}F . o; k|sf/ kfl/jfl/s
;Dks{sf] sf/0f dfq xf]Og ;fdflhs, cfly{s, /fhg}lts, ;fF:s[lts
sf/0faf6 klg efiffsf] :j?kut leGgtf b]vf kg]{ s'/f dfly g} pNn]v
eO:fs]sf] 5 . To;}n] xfdLn] oxfF k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsfnLg eflifs :j?ksf]
Pp6f sljtf+znfO{ lnpmF .
cfkm" tL g]jfof{ hftL jf]N5tf nlntkfl/
cfkm"tf uhd's'6' t+/f] tf jlnof] d'6'
gfd /Xff uhflg w/d tk/] t/f e/n] t]
ju/ 5'6\of] tf+lt sslg sf] nfof] ;f+lw
g'ufdf ;Gtfk ;Xff lhjsf] o]snf] eof
wgsf] b'jnf] e`f ef]ss+ ef]h{g gflx
sfd s?+ bflx gflx jto]sf] sd{ gflx+
7+l08;+ j:q gflx /fh}elQm s[lt hflg
nfpGof ;'jfgGbbf; x} M#
o; k|sf/sf] eflifs :j?knfO{ cfhsf] :fGbe{df x]bf{ M
cfkm" t g]jf/ hflt a:b5' nlntkfl/
cfkm" uhd's'6 ltd|f] t alnof] d'6'
gfd /Xof] uhfgL wd{ t k/]F t]/f] e/n]
au/af6 cyf{t\ lsgf/af6 tfFtL
cyf{t nx/n] ssgLnfO{ ;fFw agfof]
g'uf eGg] 7fpFdf ;Gtfk cyf{t\ kL8f ;x]/ a;]sf] PSnf] hLj ePF
To:t} wgsf] b'Anf] cyf{t\ lgw{g ePF ef]ssf nflu ef]hg 5}g
sfd u/mF eg] bflx cyf{t\ b]x -z/L/_n] ;Sb}g t}klg sfd g} 5}g
708L 5 t/ j:q cyf{t\ sk8f 5}g /fhfsf] elQm g} d'Vo sfd hfg]/
Nofpg] d pxL ;'jfgGb x'F .
Dffly rrf{ ul/Psf] k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxfsfnLg g]kfnL efiff / xfnsf] ;Gbe{df
k|of]u x'g] efiffsf aLr lgs} 7"nf] cGt/ b]vf kb{5 . efiff hl6naf6
;/ntfsf] af6f] /f]H5 . cem egf}F cfhsf lszf]/x?sf] efiff k|of]u t leGg
5 . o; k|sf/ efiffsf] cl:tTj hLjGt /fVg' xfdL ;a}sf] bfloTj xf] .
kfbl6Kk0fL
!= k|f=8f=6ª\sk|;fb Gof}kfg] / cGo, ;fdfGo efifflj1fg, -sf7df08f}FM
;gnfO6 klAns];g, @)^&_
@= k|f=8f=6ª\sk|;fb Gof}kfg], efifflj1fgsf] ?k/]vf, bf]=;+ -w/fgM PgPdjL
k|sfzg, @)^!_
#= 36/fh e6\6/fO{ / z/b\rGb| e6\6/fO{, k|frLg g]kfnL kB, -nlntk'/ M
;femf k|sfzg, @)$%_
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sf6]sf] 3fpdf
 /d]z uf}td …kfNkfnLÚ
kfNkf
xfn –l;8\gL, ci6«]lnof
g]kfnL k9fpg] ;'wf ld; sIff sf]7fdf cfPkl5 ;a} ljBfyL{ p7]/ ld;nfO{
gd:sf/ u/] . ld;n] rs / 8:6/ lnP/ sfnf] kf6L glhs uP/ eGg'eof]—
ægfgL afa" xf] Û cfh s'g kf7 k9\g] xf]nf, ltdLx?nfO{ yfxf 5 <Æ
ld;sf] k|Zgsf] hafkm lbg'eGbf klxn] /fwfn] p7]/ elgg\— æld; Û cfh
afnfh" 3'Dg hfg] xf]Og / < 3'Dg hfg] eg]/ xfdLn] vfhf klg NofPsf
5f}F .Æ
æP, d}n] t e'';'Ss} la;]{sL . /fwf uP/ 8«fOe/ c°nnfO{ uf8L lemSg eg .
xfdL klg cfpF5f}F .Æ
æca afnfh' 3'Dg hfg] .Æ eGb} ;a} ljBfyL{ uP/ uf8Ldf a;] . ld; klg
cufl8sf] l;6df a:g'eof], uf8L lxF8\of] . afnfh' u]6df k'u]kl5 ld;n]
ZofdnfO{ ;f]Wg'eof]—æeg t Zofd Û xfdL slthgf 5f}F .Æ
Zofdn] Ps, b'O{ u/]/ uGb} hfFbf PSsfO{; k'/ØfP . ld;n] k]ml/ uGg
k7fpg'eof] . k]ml/ klg PSsfO{; g} u/fP . To;kl5 /fwfnfO{ uGg
k7fpg'eof] . /fwfn] afO; k'¥ofOg\ .
æ:ofaf;\, /fwfn] 7Ls elgg\ . Zofdn] s;/L PSsfO{; eg]sf] xf]nf <Æ eg]/
ld;n] ;f]Wg'eof] . ÆZofdn] cfk"mnfO{ ug]g xf]nf ld; .Æ xl/n] eg] .
æltdLn] cfk"mnfO{ la;]{sf] xf] Zofd <Æ ld;n] ;f]Wg'eof] .
æxf] ld;, d}n] cfk"mnfO{ t uGg} la;]{F5' .Æ
æZofd Û cfh ltdL x':;" aGof} . klxn] cfk"maf6 uGg yfn]sf] eP ltd|f]
lx;fa lau|g] lyPg . x]/ ljBfnodf a;]/ lstfa k9]sf]dfq k9fO xf]Og .
dfG5]n] x/]s s'/fdf 1fg cfh{g ug{'k5{ . cfh xfdL afnfh' 3'd]/ oxfF s]
s] 5g\, s;/L agfOPsf 5g\ eGg] af/]df ;a} s'/f hfGg'k5{ . ltdLx?nfO{
ef]ln ;f]Wg]5' ;a} s'/f ofb u/] . nf}, ca leq uP/ x]g]{ .Æ ld;n]
eGg'ePkl5 ;a} ljBfyL{ kfs{leq uP .
;a} ljBfyL{sf] Wofg wf/f, kf]v/L, df5f, au}Frfh:tf rLhdf uPsf] lyof] .
lxF8\bf lxF8\b} s[i0f nf]6]/ 3F8faf6 /ut cfof] . Tof] b]v]/ ;Ltfn] df6f]
xflnb] g /ut /f]lsG5 elgg\ .
ToxL a]nf ld; cfP/ eGg'eof]—æo:tf] sf6]sf] 3fpdf df6f] xfNg'x'Gg . ;a}
7fpFsf] df6f] ;'/lIft gx'g;S5 . olb l66fg;sf] ls6f0f' ldl;Psf] /x]5 eg]
t laTof;} k5{ . a? s[i0f cln k/ uP/ 3fpdf lk;fa u/ . oxfF st}
nhf}6,] af]s]emf/ jf ufh]emf/ s]xL 5 ls d}n] x]5'{ .Æ eg]/ ld; emf/ vf]Hg
hfg'eof] . t/ glhs} b'af] b]v]/ b'afsf dG6f l6k]/ Nofpg'eof] .
/fwfn] ;f]lwg\— æld; 3fpdf lsg lk;fa ug{ eg]sf] <Æ
æxfdL 3/df ePsf] eP sf6]sf] 3fpdf l86f]n nfpg] lyof}F . oxfF l86f]n
5}g, lk;fan] wf]Pkl5 l66fg;sf ls6f0f' ;g{ kfpGgg\ / b'vfO klg sd
x'G5 .Æ
æclg nhf}6]emf/, ufh]emf/ / af]s]emf/ vf]H5' eGg'x'GYof] . b'af] Nofpg'eof] .
tL emf/x? s:tf x'G5g\ / ltgn] s] u5{g\ lg <Æ
ænhf}6]nfO{ s;}n] nHhfjtL klg eG5g\ . o;nfO{ 5'Fbf e'mD?Ss k/]/
v'lDrG5 . ufh]emf/ eg]sf] ;fgf] emf/ xf] . ldRbf ufh cfpF5 .
af]s]emf/nfO{ s;}n] ugfpg]emf/ klg eG5g\ . tL emf/sf kft ldr]/ /;
nfOlbof] eg] /ut yfldG5 . cem b'af] lyr]/ nfPkl5 t 3fp klg
kfSb}g .Æ ld;n] eGg'eof] .
ædfG5]sf] lk;fa t cf}iflw kf] /x]5 .Æ ;a}n] cfZro{ dfg]/ eg] .
æxf], slxn] sfxLF lxF8\bf 8'Nbf ;k{n] 6f]Sof] eg] 6f]s]sf] 3fp lk;fan] w'g] /
3fpeGbf dfly 8f]/L, nx/f], sk8f cflb s]xLn] a]:;/L s;]/ afFWof] eg]
;k{sf] ljif em6\6 k}mlng kfpGg . cem la/fdLnfO{ Ps lunf; lk;fa
Vjfpg] xf] eg] t w]/} sfd u5{ . sd;] sd la/fdLnfO{ c:ktfn k'¥ofpg
;lsG5 .Æ ld;sf] s'/f ;'g]/ ljBfyL{x? bË k/] .
æn s[i0f /ut yfldof] . ;fFem b'Vof] eg] dx nfOlbg' b'Vg sd x'G5 3fp
klg lgsf] x'G5 . ca xfdLn] oxfFsf ;a} s'/f x]g]{Æ eGb} ld; cFl3 nfUg'eof]
ljBfyL{ kl5 kl5 uP .
)))
af/L afFem} 5 Û
 xl/k|;fb kGyL
/];'Ëf g=kf=–!, tD3f;, u'NdL
xfn M eujtL df=lj=, /]=g=kf=–!), l;dLrf}/
u}/L v]t kmn]g wfg clxn] afFem} 5 af/L klg
v'lRrª\ nf} dg'jf egL v'; x'Fb} aUb} /lxg\ u08sL
yfKnf]df bgbGtL aN5 a8jfgn\ kf] 7"nf] hf]zdf
7f]Sb} aU5 ptfln+bf] e]n tn} kmls{G5 s] xf]zdf .
eTsL hf kx/f ;Ldf ;xg'sf] gf£of] hldg\ efl;b]

u'08f of}g lkkf;' hf]lug k'u] hGtf :jod\ kmfF;L b] .
l;Ëf] of] ;/sf/ /Ifs aGof} xfdL n'l6of}+ lsg <
/fi6« n'6\g] n7}tsf] u'6 xf] jf ;sf{/ v} lrlGbg .
cfdf /f]O/x]sL k'5\g g;sL cfF;' :jod\ clNkof},

afFwf a:g' x'Fb}g ef] a? egL Hofg} ;xh\ clk{of},
Joy}{ ef] alnbfg x] zxLb xf] s] d"No ltd|f] oxfF <
xTof/fx?s} 5 rSrsL oxfF 5 d"No ltd|f] sxfF <
hfO{h'xL lgdf]l7P dvdnL ;'uGw v} sfF 5 / <

cfnf 3fpm km'6] un] kmtkmtL ;j{q b'u{Gw 5 .
kmqmGgg\ ca sf]lknf ?v ;'s] afFsL a'6'gfx?
pk|mG5g\ 9]+9'jf dbf/L lag s} sfnf y't'gfx? .
afFsL 5}g s'g} :jtGq hgtf /}tL ag]sf 5g

cfkm\g} rN5 d'6' cem} w'sw'sL s}bL ag]sf emg
kmfF8f] x'G5 ld7f] vf]n] cem ld7f] df;L{ sxfF kfpg' <
Gofo}d"lt{ las] cbfnt oxfF Joy}{ lsg wfpg' <
cfpnf v} ultnf] 8sf/ o;/L 8fª\u|f] rkfPkl5

/fV5f} OHht s] w'hf kl/;Sof] efª\u|f] nufPkl5 <
;d[l4 s;/L x'g] u/Lasf] af;} p7fPkl5 <
efUnf s] dbdQ xflQ s;/L gfª\nf] 76fPkl5 <
/]Nn] em]n u/Øf] cem} t]n klg ub}{5 hfNem]n /]
lgNg] ofg ;'n'Ss jfO8 a8L ldNb}5 tfNd]n /]
a'ª\ufn] ca b]Vg' 5}g ;kgf aGg] s'g} 8fS6/
gfª\ufsf] b'lgofF akf}tL agL uf] gfr"g\ pg} tf08j .
cfF7f] tlNt/sf] ;w}+ pFepFef] ;fb}{ 5 /] d'lGt/
af6f] y'Gb5 nf} 9's]/ slxn] lrTsf/ s] ;'G5 / <
s}n] k"j{ b'Vof] / klZrd b'Vof] b'Vb}5 ;':tf klg
;Demf}tf ca dfGo 5}g a'em nf} RofT5f}+ ;'uf}nL klg .
hGtf ef]s / Kof;n] dl/;s] b]Vb}g ;sf{/n]
P]n] 5}g r'gfj of] avtdf kb}{g bsf{/ /] .
qfxL qfxL eP5 ljZj clxn] sf]lebsf] qf;df
sfqf]df sldzg\ gvfpm clxn] 9'Ëf k/Øf] uf;df .
)))
>L lji0f'k|;fb
vgfnåf/f ;/n g]kfnL
efiffdf lnlvt tyf
ls/0f k':tsfnoåf/f
k|sflzt …cd[tkfgÚ
k|aGw–;ª\u|xdf ;°lnt
cfWoflTds /;k"0f{
cd[tsf] kfg u/L
cfkm\gf] hLjgnfO{ klg
cd[tdo agfpg'xf];\ .
ls/0f k':tsfno
tD3f;, u'NdL
E-mail : hamropurushartha@gmail.com & shashipanthi9@gmail.com
km}lnFb} 5 …x'l66ØfpFsf] dgÚsf] dxs
 5lj 1jfnL
e}/xjf, ?kGb]xL
/fhwfgL -sf7df8f}F_ aflx/ a;]/ k|fl1s sd{ ub}{ g]kfnL efiff–;flxTosf]
pGgogsf lglDt lqmofzLn y'k|} ;|i6fdWo] Ps x'g\ bLg kGyL . bLg kGyL
-lj=;+= @)!%, j}zfv, u'NdL_ d"ntM uBljwfsf l;4x:t n]vs x'g\ . 5f]6f
cfofdsf, dfld{s / ;Gb]zd"ns lgaGw n]Vg' kGyLsf] vf; j}lzi6Ø
dflgG5 . o;cl3 pgsf l;nfª -ef/t_af6 …kl/rofTds g]kfnL Jofs/0fÚ
tyf g]kfn k|1f–k|lti7fgaf6 …kfNkf–u'NdL pkeflifsfÚ gfds Hofb} pkof]uL
s[ltx? k|sflzt eO{ lh1f;' kf7sdfem k'u]sf 5g\ . ;fy} cg]sfg]s ljifo
k|;Ësf lgaGw–cfn]vx? km'6s/ ?kd} klg ljleGg k':ts kqklqsfdfkm{t
kf7sju{n] k9\g kfPsf 5g\ . o;} d];f]df o;} jif{ u'NdLsf] tD3f;l:yt
ls/0f k':tsfnon] ;flxTosf/ bLg kGyLsf] lgaGw;Ë|x …x'l66ØfpFsf] dgÚ
k|sfzgdf NofPsf] 5 .
oqtq k|foM ;a}n] b]v]–;'g]–ef]u]sf dl;gf ljifosf, n3' cfofdsf t/
oyfy{tf, JoËowdL{ / k|efjsfl/tf cleJoQm ePsf pgsf ;a} lgaGw k9"Fk9"F
nfUbf 5g\ . k|:t't lgaGw s[ltdf hDdf tL;cf]6f lgaGw c6fPsf 5g\ .
n]vsLo, k|sfzsLo / s]xL z'e]R5'ssf uB–kB z'esfdgfsf zAbx?afx]s
*$ k[i7df oL lgaGw ;d]l6Psf 5g\ . …;'vfg'e"ltÚ lgaGwn] o; s[ltsf] b}nf]
p3f/]sf] 5 eg] …PsfGtjf;sf k|nfkÚ n] s[ltsf] la6 df/]sf] b]lvG5 .
;fdfGo k9]–;'g]–hfg]s} s'/fnfO{ snfTds uh'/ k|bfg u/L lgisiff{Tds
cleJolQm lbPsf] kfOG5 .
s[ltsf] klxnf] lgaGw …;'vfg'e"ltÚ df a'lgPsf] nf]enfUbf] sfJofTds z}nLn]
hf]s;}nfO{ klg tfGg ;S5– …;+;f/ ljlrq 5 . ;'vs} vf]hdf Pp6f /fuL
x'G5, csf]{ j}/fuL x'G5 . Pp6fn] kfp8/ 3:5, csf]{n] v/fgL 3:5 . ;'vs}
vf]hLdf Pp6f ;x/ k:5, Pp6f jg k:5 . ;'v jgdf 5 ls ;x/df <Ú
of] hLjgsf s];|f]s];|f cf}FNofP/ ;'v eGg' dgaf6 p7]sf] cg'e"lt xf] eGg]
lgrf]8 k]; u/]sf 5g\ lgaGwsf/n] .
To:t} …dfG5], ;dfh / ;b\efjÚ zLif{sdf g]kfnL ;dfhdf dfgjLo d"Nosf]
x|f; x'Fb} uPsf] lrq lvRb} dfG5] eGg' / dfG5] aGg' lgtfGt km/s ljifo xf]
eGg] n]vsLo dfGotf b]lvG5 . k|:t't lgaGw g}lts kf7 / cfWoflTds
;Gb]z b'a} Ps};fy k|jfx ug]{ ;'Gb/ dfWod klg aGg k'u]sf] 5 .
csf]{ …k[YjL / dfG5]Ú lgaGwdf hn, jfo' / cfsfznfO{ b"lift kfg]{ sfd aGb
ug{ cfu|x ub}{ wtL{ ;a}sf] xf] eGb} k[YjLljgf xfdL ;fy{s x'g g;Sg] l6Kk0fL
u/]sf 5g\ . …wd{Ú df lgaGwsf/ kGyL dxfslj b]jsf]6fs} ofqL sljtfs} d"n
efj j/k/s} emª\sf/ u/fpg ;kmn b]lvG5g\ . ptf b]jsf]6f cfkm\gf]
sljtfdf eG5g\–
kms{ kms{ x] Û hfpm ;dfpm,
dflg;x?sf] kfp Û
dnd nufpm cft{x?sf]
rx/fO/x]sf] 3fp .
otf lgaGwsf/ bLg kGyLsf] xflb{s–sndn] cfXjfg u/]sf] 5– …xfd|f] wd{n]
hg;]jfnfO{ g} hgfb{g;]jf dfG5 .Ú :ju{ / g/saf/] yk k|:6 kfb}{ pgL
eG5g\–…:ju{ ToxL xf] hxfF zflGt / k|]d 5 . gs{ ToxL xf] hxfF lx+;f,
j}dg:o / 3[0ffsf] af; 5 .Ú xfd|} ;]/f]km]/f]df ePsf b]jtfnfO{ :jfut ug{ /
xfdLleq}sf] b}TonfO{ nv]6\g lgaGwsf/sf] ljz]if cfu|x kfOG5 . lgaGwsf/sf]
snd eG5–…k"hf s] xf] < s]jn ;]jf, s]jn >4f . cIftf r9fpm ef]sfx?
c3fpF5g\ . whf r9fpm gfËfx?sf] cfª 9flsG5 . kfB r9fpm Kof;Lsf]
Kof; d]l6G5 . c3{ r9fpm gftfutn] tfut kfpF5 . km"n Roft]/ hUu]df
kmfNb}df :ju{ kmNb}g . d"lt{df k'k{'/f] 7f]Sb}df eujfg\sf] bz{g ldNb}g .
hUu]df c;t\ cfh{gsf] rGbf ws]n]/ cxª\sf/ ub}{df wfld{s eOGg .
cf8Da/L, 9f]FuL, wgfledfgL, e|i6frf/L / bDeLx?nfO{ ;'v :ju{sf] åf/
v'Nb}g .Ú
k|:t't s[ltsf] csf]{ lgaGw xf]– …k|Zgx?Ú . o; lgaGwdf ev{/ af]nL km'6]/
lbgdf ;of}F k|Zg dfq u/Lu/L x}/fg kfg]{ lh1f;' afnssf] :jefjh:t}
k|Zgsf cg]sfg]s k]6f/fx? t];f{OPsf 5g\ . km"nx? lsg km'N5g\ <,
afg/n] /S;L agfP/ lsg lkpGgg\ <, lsg dfG5]n] dfq k9\5 k':ts <,
pFv'df u'lnof] eg]{ sf] xf] <, xfdLx? o; w/tLdf lsg cfof}F <, xfQL 7"nf]
/ e';'gf] ;fgf] lsg eof] <, lsg rd]/f] ?vdf pN6f] em'lG8G5 <== cflb
nueu ;of}F crDdfrDd nfUg] k|Zgx? ul/Psf 5g\ . lgaGws} zLif{s ;fy{s
x'g] u/L ljgfpQ/} lgaGw 6'ËofOPsf] 5 .
…gj jif{Ú df k|fs[lts 56fnfO{ Hofb} snfTds kf/fn] snd–d;Ln] /ËofPsf
5g\ lgaGwsf/n]–…j;Gt cfof] km]l/ . k[YjLn] csf]{ Ps kmGsf] dfl/g\ .
x]dGtn] gËofPsf af]6x?n] kfn'jfsf] xl/of] vf:6f] cf]9] . lzlz/n]
e'TNofPsf kfvfx?n] km]l/ xl/of] rf]nL nufP . kj{tx?n] sf]/Laf6L u/] .
l;pFbf]df u''/fF; km'nfP/ kj{tx? ;f}efUojtL ag] . cf?av8fsf af]6x?df
lxpFem}F z'e| km"nx? nfu] . dfx'/Lx? 8'Ng yfn] km"ndf, :jfyL{ k|]dLem}F .
rf}/x? xl/of eP . w/tL /ËLg algg\ y/Ly/Lsf km"nn], kfn'jfn] .Ú k|:tt'
lgaGw k9\bf k|l;4 slj e"lk z]/rgsf] …gofF jif{Ú zLif{ssf] sljtfsf oL
x/km ;Demgf eOxfN5 M
km]l/ Psrf]l6
eofgs adx? af]s]/, pl8/x]sf xjfOhxfh
/ /s]6x?d'lg a;]/
n]Vg' 5 lk|ohgx?sf] gfddf
;kmntf, zflGt / bL3f{o'sf] z'esfdgf–kq .
lgaGwsf/ klg yK5g\– …cfsfzdf rGb|df xfF:5g\ t/ dg cFWof/f] 5
dfG5]sf] . ad / af?bsf qf;sf] w/fkd'lg rfFlkP/ xfdLn] gjjif{sf]
z'esfdgf afF8\of}F o;kfln . ;'vb j;GtaLr klg xfdL pGd'Qm xfF;f] xfF:g
kfPgf}F o;kfln . k|]tx? 8'N5g\ a:tLdf d[To'sf] ;Gb]z af]s]/ . ?v knfP,
dg knfPg dfG5]sf] . km"nx? km'n] t/ km'n]gg\ dfG5]sf cg'xf/x? . efOn]
bfOnfO{ df¥of] . efGhfn] dfdfnfO{ df¥of] . elthfn] sfsfsf] 6fpsf]
sf6Øf] . g]kfnLn] g]kfnLnfO{ df¥of] o;kfln .Ú n]vgsf] ;Gbe{ pNn]v
gul/P klg of] lgaGw xfd|f] b]zn] ef]u]sf] ;z:q o'4 / zflGt :yfkgfy{
cfof]lht k6Øf/nfUbf jftf{–uf]i7Lx?dWo]sf] s'g} Ps gofF jif{sf] ljb|"k
zAblrq xf] eGg ;lsG5 .
csf]{ lgaGw …;kmntfÚ df lgaGwsf/n] s;/L a8f] s'zntfk"j{s
dfgjhLjgsf] kl/jt{gsf] lrq lvr]sf 5g\, Tof] hfGg ;kmntfleqsf] of]
c+z k9\g} k5{–…dg a]r]/ wg hf]bf{hf]b}{ a"9f}nL km'Nof] . Odfg a]r]/ dfg
vf]Hbf ckdfg ldNof] . d tf]/L lyPF, pld|g ;Sy]F, km'Ng–kmNg ;Sy]F
af/Lel/ . ;+;f/sf] sf]ndf k]lnP/ d t]n ePF . ca d pld|g ;lSbgF, kmNg
;lSbgF . pkm\ Û hLjg gkmls{g] ofqf /x]5 .Ú jf:tjdf ef}lts ;DklQ dfq
hf]8]/ aGwgdf km:t} hfg', 6f6\gfdf 3fF; vfg] aFw'jf j:t'x?h:t} aGg' /
cfTdf–:kGbgxLg v]taf/Lsf a'Vofrfh:t} ag]/ gofF sf]6–6f]kL 9NSofpg'
dfq ;kmntf xf]Og eGg] lgisif{ oxfF lbOPsf] 5 .
csf]{ lgaGw …;|i6f / ;[li6Ú df dfG5] klg ;|i6fsf] ;[li6 ePsfn] dfG5]n] d}n]
o:tf] u/]F, p:tf] u/]F eGg'sf] t's 5}g . of] t ;|i6fsf] efjsf] e|d xf] eGb}
d ;|i6f x'F eGg] e|d pTkGg ePkl5 dfG5] cfkm} k[YjLdf 8fOgf];/ nf]k ePem}F
;lsg] bfjL n]vssf] 5 .
To:t} …afg/ / dfG5]Ú df pgfG;osf] rSs/ -;fob of] wg y'kfg]{ dfG5]sf]
nfn;f slxNo} k"0f{ x'Fb}g eGg] ;Gb]z af]s]sf] Pp6f k|l;4 g]kfnL nf]ssyf
xf] ._ df km;]sf] ;Eo elgg] t/ pbf; / lrlGtt g/nfO{ Hofb} nf]eL kfkL
aGof], of] k[YjL / o;sf ;f/f pTkfbg d]/} xf] eGof] eg]/ 3/ klg gagfpg],
s"6gLlt, /fhgLlt, k|j~rgf / e]befj–prgLrsf] ;ª\sL0f{ kvf{ndf km:g
g/mrfpg] :jtGq jgjf;L afg/n] JoËo–3f]rk]r u/]sf] 5 .
…kmut\ PSn}Ú df dfG5]eGbf s'l6n, lgb{oL, :jfyL{ / hfnL k|f0fL csf]{ 5}g
hut\df eGg] lgaGwsf/sf] 7DofO 5 . dfld{s kf/fn] lgaGwf+z eG5–…xfdL
Pshgf d5f}{F, ;lsG5f}F, lbj+ut cfTdf aG5f}F . o;/L g} ;lsFb} hfG5g\ ;a}
;a} . gdg]{ sf]xL 5}g o; dTo{df . hf] pTkGg x'G5 Tof] gi6 x'G5 .
Ho"Fbfx? tTsfn cfkm" gd/]sf]df 9'Ss / dVv 5g\ . x/]s dnfdL o;/L g}
nf; aGb} hG5 . gofF ylkG5g\, k'/fgf ;lsG5g\ . k'/fgf kft em5{g\, gofF
kft knfpF5g\ .Ú o;} lgaGwdf dfG5]sf] :jfy{sf] hfnf]nfO{ o;/L :ki6
kfl/Psf] 5–…;+;f/ /ËLrËL 5 . /ËLg 5g\ ;dfhsf Jojxf/x? . uf]hL
5fd]/ gv/f kf5]{ k|]ldsf . a}F; b]v]/ kl5 nfU5 k|]dL . sfd b]v]/ km'?Ë
k5{ dflns . wg ;lsPkl5 ss]{ cfFvfn] x]lb{g k|]ldsf . a}F; lgly|Pkl5
ts]{/ lx8\5 k|]dL . an ;lsPkl5 jf:tf ub}{g dflns . km"n j}nfPkl5
ed/fx? a:b}gg\ km"nsf] af]6df .Ú
To:t} csf]{ lgaGw xf] …n]vfOÚ . o;df n]vssf] :jfledfgsf] rrf{ ub}{
p;sf] ozf]ufg ul/Psf] 5 . …;TofGjoL n]vsx? xfjfsf] ultdf
9lNsGgg\ . pgLx? o'u abNgsf] nflu tTsfnLg ;Qf / zlQmsf] lj?4
n]V5g\ . cfkm\gf cf]h:jL n]vfOaf6 a? bl08t x'G5g\ t/ ef6 jf
:t'ltufos aGb}gg\Ú eGg] lgaGwsf/n] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . o; lgaGwsf]
clGtd jfSo …n]vs hlt bl08t x'G5g\ Tolt cf]h:jL x'G5g\, hlt k'/:s[t
x'G5g\ Tolt lkmsf x'G5g\ .Ú k|lt eg] ;a}sf] dt}So x'G5 eGg]rflxF eGg
;lsGg .
…TofGb|x?Ú of] csf]{ lgaGw xf] o; s[ltsf] . o;df ljlrq ;+;f/ / dfG5]sf
9f]FuL, b]vfj6L Jojxf/ phfu/ ul/Psf] 5 . dfG5]sf cfbz{, bof, wd{,
k/f]ksf/sf ax; Joy{ asaf; x''g\, k|nfk dfq x'g\, :jfª x'g\ . n]vsLo
dt 5–…Pp6fsf] ljho csf{sf] k/fho aG5 . ;a}sf] ho x'g] v]n v]Ng
afFsL 5 . d';fsf] 3/df ?jfaf;L rNbf la/fnfsf] 3/df ef]het]/ x'G5 .
dfG5]sf 3/df df;'sf] ef]h rNbf afv|fsf] vf]/df s'6'Daljof]usf] zf]s
aG5 .Ú of] lgaGwsf cGo k|;Ë kl9/xFbf slj n]vgfysf] k|l;4 sljtf
…g}lts b[i6fGtÚsf] ;Demgf :jfefljs ?kdf eOxfN5 M
pksf/L u'0fL JolQm lgx'/G5 lg/Gt/
kmn]sf] j[Ifsf] xfFuf] gem's]sf] sxfF 5 / <
…ljBf / ljBfyL{Ú df lstfasf s'/f ;a} s07 u/] klg tÎj a'lemPg eg]
ljåfg\ eOGg eGg] b[li6sf]0f cl3 ;fl/Psf] 5 . d"v{x? cfkm\gf] cToNk
hfgsf/LnfO{ k"0f{ 7fgL dVv k5{g\ eGb} hf];Fu ;/ntf 5}g, cxª\sf/L 5,
;ª\sL0f{ 5 Tof] ljåfg\ xf]Og elgPsf] 5 .
…df6f]Ú csf]{ lgaGw xf] . k|:t't lgaGwdf dfG5]sf] HofgeGbf lghL{j df6f] g}
cd/ / cd"No ePsf] ts{ lbOPsf] 5 . ;''j0f{do nª\sf 5f8]/ /fd cfkm\gf]
df6f]n] tflgP/ g} cof]Wof kms]{sf] k|;Ë cl3 ;fb}{ n]vs eG5g\– …df6fsf
nflu k'vf{n] tg lbP, xfdLn] dg lbg ;s]gf}F . k'vf{ df6fsf nflu n8],
xfdL eftsf nflu nl8/x]F5f}F .Ú /, cGTodf bx|f] k|Zg u/]sf 5g\– …dft[e"ldsf]
df6f] p7fP/ d'7Ldf vf]O{ xfdLn] ;ª\sNk u/]sf] <Ú k|:t't lgaGwsf] efjdf
Psfu| x'g vf]Hbf k|l;4 uhnsf/ a"Fb /fgfsf] uhn …xL/f h'xf/eGbf df6f]
dnfO{ Kof/f]= =Ú u'Gu'gfpg k'U5 of] dg t .
…sfn;"qÚ df ;'vdf gcflQg / b'Mvdf gdflQg ;'emfOPsf] 5 . zflGt,
s?0ff, cfljisf/, snf / cfWoflTds If]qsf k|a'4x? ljZje/ afFlr/x]sf
t/ Ifl0fs ;Qf pGdfb, ;}Go pGdfb / cxª\sf/n] u|l;tx?n] cGTodf wg–
hg–dg s]xL klg lhTg g;s]sf] k'li6 u/]sf 5g\ . lgisif{ o:tf] kfOG5
o; lgaGwaf6– …gkm's{ sf]xL ;'vdf, gys{ sf]xL b'Mvdf .Ú
…x'l66ØfpFsf] dgÚ of] k|:t't s[ltsf] zLif{s xf] . afnrGb| zdf{åf/f ;Dkflbt
g]kfnL zAbsf]zdf– nfdfnfdf v'§f, 5f]6f] k'R5/, sfnf] r'Rrf] / v}/f] lkl7pF
x'g], hnfzosf glhs /xg] Ps hftsf] r/f] egL …x'l66ØfpFÚ nfO{
lrgfOPsf] 5 . k[YjLsf dfG5]sf cg]sfg]s s'sd{n] cfsfz k"/} hh{/ /
hL0f{zL0f{ alg/x]sf] 5 . t}klg dfG5]x? 9'Ss;fy xfF:g], v]Ng], vfg] /
lgw{Ss ;'Tg] u/]sf eGb} s[ltsf] cfj/0fdf lrq sf]l/Pem}F cfkm\gf b'a} v'§f
tgSs tGsfP/ cfsfz v:of] eg] ltg} cfkm\gf v'§fn] yfDg]5' eG7fg]sf] 5
/ c7f]6 u/]sf] 5 of] r/fn] . b'a} v'§f cfsfztkm{ kmsf{Psf] 5, cfkm\gf]
z/L/ k6Øf/ nfUg] u/L pQfgf] kf/]/ . jf:tjdf of] tLj| JoËo–af0f xf] .
o;dfkm{t k[YjLsf] lau|Fbf] kof{j/0fLo kIfdfly, cfkm\g} :jfy{ df}nfP/ kQf;fkm
x'g] u/]sf dfgjsf s's[Todfly JoËo k|xf/ ul/Psf] 5 . cfsfz v;]/ Ps
lbg k[YjLsf ;f/f dfG5] dg]{ / cfkm\gf] -x'l66ØfpFsf]_ /fHo rNg] dgsf]
n8\8" l3p;Fu vfPsf] klg ;Gbe{ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . h] xf];\, ;a}n]
;Tsd{ u/L k[YjL–cfsfz k|b"if0fd'Qm kfg'{kg]{ ;Gb]z k/f]If ?kdf o;dfkm{t
k|jfx ug{ vf]h]sf] k|tLt x'G5 .
…7"nf] dfG5]Ú lgaGwdf lgaGwsf/ eG5g\–…b'Mvl;t 8/fpF5g\ dfG5]x? . b'Mvn]
dfG5]nfO{ dxfg\ agfpF5 . b'Mvsf lg/Gt/ k|xf/n] dfG5]nfO{ O:kft
agfpF5 .Ú oL ljrf/ kl9/xFbf csf{ k|l;4 ;flxTosf/ /mb| 1jfnLsf]
uhnc+z ofb cfpF5–
O:kft aG5 ;]tf] 3f]6] kmnfdnfO{
s]xL x'Gg bfge]6L ck]{/ /fdnfO{ .
n]vs kGyL eG5g\–…dfG5] h;n] ;'v kfof] Tof] 7"nf] xf]Og, k/f]ksf/sf] nflu
hf] cl3 ;5{ ToxL 7"nf] xf] . cfkm" l;Fufl/g] 7"nf] xf]Og, c?nfO{ l;Fufg]{
7"nf] xf] . pb/k"lt{ r/fd';fn] klg u5{g\ . cfkm\gf] ;'v rfxg] dfG5]sf]
k|j[lQdf ;a} rN5g\ . cfkm"n] b'Mv kfP/ klg hf] csf{sf] ;'vsf] lgldQ
sfd u5{g\ ltg} 7"nf dfG5] x'g\ .Ú
…kfgLÚ of] csf]{ zLif{ssf] lgaGw xf] . kfgLnfO{ of] ;+;f/sf] pmhf{jfg\
kbfy{sf ?kdf ;;{/L aofg ul/Psf] 5 . kfgLsf cg]sfg]s ?k /ªn] k[YjL
k'likt, kNnljt ag]sf], /ËLg ag]sf], x[i6k'i6 ag]sf] / slxn]sfxLF cfFwLx'/L
/ em~emfjft cfpg] u/]sf] eGb} kfgLnfO{ cfufsL hggLsf ?kdf lrq0f
ul/Psf] 5 . kfgLdf ckl/d]o pmhf{ /x]sf] k|sfz kfl/Psf] 5 .
…b[Zo÷cb[ZoÚ df dfgj z/L/nfO{ cfTdfsf] c:yfoL 3/sf ?kdf kl/ro
u/fOPsf] 5 . n]vs eG5g\– …ljB't\sf] tf/ b]lvG5 t/ pmhf{ b]lvGg .
dfG5]sf] cfTdf To:t} pmhf{ t xf] lg .== qmf]w cb[Zo eP/ hut\ hnfpF5 .
k|]d cb[Zo eP/ hut\ lehfpF5 .Ú /, n]vssf] of] klg k|:6Ls/0f 5–
…z/L/n] rn]sf] b]V5f}F cfFvfn] . oyfy{df dfG5] z/L/n] rNb}g . d[t z/L/
lsg rNb}g < d[t z/L/nfO{ lsg b'Vb}g < dfG5] k|f0faf6 rN5, dgaf6
rN5 . k|f0f pmhf{ xf] z/L/sf] . dg ef]Qmf xf] ;'vb'Mvsf] .Ú
…g"tg÷k'/ftgÚ zLif{sdf of] csf]{ lgaGw /lrPsf] 5 . plxn]sf s'/f v'OlnP
eGg]x?nfO{ uDeL/ k|Zg t];f{Psf 5g\ o; lgaGwdf . lgaGwsf/ eG5g\– …oL
vf]nfgfnf / ;fu/x? dfG5]n] vg]sf x'g\ / < oL rGb|, ;"o{, tf/fx? cfh
ag]sf x'g\ / < oL ;a k'/ftg x'g\ . g"tg s]xL 5}gg\ . h'g wtL{df xfdL
afd] ;¥of}F of] xfdL ghGdb} lyof] . h'g cfsfzdf xfdLn] ;f; km]¥of}F, Tof]
xfdL ghGdb} lyof] . dfG5]n] gofF k[YjL, gofF cfsfz, gofF jfo' lnP/ oxfF
cfPsf] xf]Og / lnP/ klg hfGg . plxn]sf] s]xL klg v'OlnPsf] 5}g . a?
xfd|f] a'l4 v'OlnPsf] 5, ljj]s v'OlnPsf] 5 .Ú k'/fgf] xf] eg]/ lxhf]sf ;a}
s'/f kmfNg] xf] eg] xfdL ;Eotf, eJotf, / ;+:s[ltljgfsf] a'Ëf / aa{/ x'G5f}F
eGb} k'li6 lbG5g\ pgL– …g"tgtfsf] gfddf k'/ftg w/f]x/x? eTsfpg] xf]Og .
xf] ljs[ltx? /fVg] xf]Og . cfkm\g} z/L/sf] klg dn kmfNg'k5{ . ;tLk|yf
lyof], x/fof] . bf;k|yf lyof], x/fof] . 5'jf5"t k|yf 5 g/fd|f], Tof] klg
x/fP/ hfg]5 . s'ljrf/, s'k|yf, ;ª\sL0f{tf x/fP/ hfg]5g\ ;a} .== k'/fgf] xf]
eg]/ ;'g kmfNg' x'Fb}g, gofF xf] eg]/ sl;Ë/ /fVg' klg x'Fb}g .Ú
…qmflGtÚ zLif{ssf] lgaGwaf6 qmflGtaf/]df n]vssf wf/0ff a'‰g ;xof]u
ldN5 . n]vs pNn]v u5{g\– …rf}kf/L eTsfpg]nfO{ xf]Og, agfpg]nfO{
qmflGtsf/L elgG5 . qmflGt ljWj+; xf]Og, gjlgdf{0f xf], cGj]if0f xf],
gj;[hg xf] . h;n] gjo'usf] 9's9'sL 5fD5 ToxL qmflGtsf/L xf] . ljrf/
/ k|ljlwn] NofpF5g\ qmflGt .== xfd|f k'vf{x? k'n gx'Fbf vf]nf ty]{ . k'n
ag]kl5 vf]nfdf k:g' kb}{g . nf]eLkfkLx? qmflGtsf/L xf]Ogg\ . dfG5]sf
b'Mv lgjf/0fsf nflu leIf' aGg] uf}td a'4 qmflGtsf/L x'g\ . ;Tosf nflu
qm;df 6fFlug] qmfO:6 qmflGtsf/L x'g\ . ;'s/ft, ?;f], 8fla{g, k|mfo8 /
dfS;{ h;n] gofF ljrf/ NofP tL qmflGtsf/L x'g\ .Ú
…wgÚ kf7\oqmdnfO{ k5\ofP/ wgeGbf ljBf 7"nf] egL ljkIfLsf ts{nfO{ kl5
kfg]{ ljBfyL{ a]7Ls nfU5 cr]n n]vsnfO{ . htftt} h] h;/L klg wg
y'kfg]{ / …wgLÚnfO{ g} ;j{u'0f ;DkGg 7fGg yflnPsfn] n]vssf] dlyËn
66ØfPsf] b]lvG5 . ;f/ / z}nL JoËofTds xf] tfklg n]vs oyfy{sf]
;xf/f lnFb} of] lgisif{df k'u]sf] b]lvG5–…wgljgf g ljBf x'G5 g oz . ljBf
/ oz gubdf laqmL x'G5g\ ahf/df . wgf9\otf g} s'nLgtf x'G5 .
wgf9\otf g} u'0fjQf x'G5 . wgf9\otf g} g}ltstf / ;Eotf aG5 o;
o'udf . lgw{gsf] ljåtf dhfs aG5 . wgf9\osf] cg}ltstf g}ltstf aG5,
c;Eotf ;Eotf aG5, Jolerf/ ;bfrf/ aG5 . e|i6frf/ k'/miffy{ aG5 .
;Rrf sdfOsf] s'/f ug]{nfO{ sdhf]/ dflgG5 . ;fbf hLjg pRr ljrf/
eGg]nfO{ 5'rf] elgG5 . h;/L eP klg wg sdfpg'k5{ . s]jn wg
rflxG5 . IfDo 5g\ wgfh{gsf 6]9fd]9f af6fx? . wgdQ dflkmof / e|i6
lz/ 7f8f] kf/]/ lx8\5g\, wfs, dfg / zfg 5 a]Odfgx?sf] .Ú
o; s[ltsf] csf]{ lgaGwzLif{s xf]– zª\v] ls/f, x'l66ØfpF / dfs'/fx? .
crDdsf] bz{g e]l6G5 o;df . …zª\v] ls/fsf] vf]n dfG5]nfO{ sfd nfU5
dnfdL hfFbf Psf]xf]/f] ahfpg . dfG5]sf] vf]n zª\v] ls/fnfO{ sfd
nfUb}g . g t sfd nfU5g\–oL sd{sf08, b"gf, 6k/L / hf} ltn . hGd]kl5
dg{ k5{ eg]/ 3f]ls/xg] dfG5] lsg zª\v] ls/f aGg vf]H5 < wGojfb
lbG5' . s:tf] kljq hLj xf] hf] d/]/ klg dlGb/df r9\5 . s:tf] efUozfnL
k|f0fL xf] hf] lg:k|f0f eO{sg klg pRr 3f]if k|s6 u5{ . zª\v Pp6f t'R5
ls/fsf] vf]n–kf~rhGo eP/ eujfg\ s[i0fsf] cf]7l;t hf]l/G5 .Ú df}sfg';f/
pkfo u/]/, /ª abn]/ c?nfO{ b'Mv lbg] d"ntM gfosju{k|lt s6fIf k|xf/
xf] eGg] a'lemG5 k|:t't lgaGw . zª\v] ls/f, x'l66ØfpF / dfs'/fx?sf
ultljlw g} 6f7faf7fn] gSsn u/]sf x'g\ oqtq . gSsn gug]{ jf ug{
g;Sg]x?nfO{ o'un] g} gSsnL kf] dfGg] xf] ls Û
…cIf/ / cd"t{ cleJolQmx?Ú zLif{ssf] of] csf]{ lgaGwdf cfbz{, lgi7f /
Odfgbf/Lsf kl5 nfUg]x?n] ef]Ug'kg]{ cjgltsf kl/0fltx? j0f{g ul/Psf
5g\ . of] g]kfn s] ljleGg sfnv08sf jL/–;Ë7sx?sf] e"nn] ag]sf] xf]
eg]/ k|Zg t]l;{Psf] 5 lgaGwsf/sf]–…s] g]kfn k[YjLgf/fo0f, sfn' kf08],
bfdf]b/ kf08], axfb'/ zfx / cd/l;+x yfkfsf e"nx?af6 hGDof] < lsg
cfh xfdL g]kfnnfO{ v08v08 u/fpg pBt 5f}F < e"n s;sf] xf] <
e"n .Ú
…ofqfdfÚ zLif{ssf] of] lgaGwdf lhGbuLsf] ofqfsf] j0f{g 5 . afns, o'jf,
of}jg, j[4tf, d[To'= = jf:tjdf k|flKt s]xL gx'g] / k|flKtsf nflu pkqmd klg
PSsfl; g5f]l8g] z"Go / lg/y{s l;l;km;sf] syfh:tf] dxflg/y{s 5 ofqf
hLjgsf] . Pp6} af6f]nfO{ lg:sg]n] To;nfO{ psfnf] eGg] / emg]{n] cf]/fnf]
eGb} ofqf ul//x]s} 5g\ . lxhf] xfdL gx'Fbf s]xL lyPg . ofqfd} cfkmGt,
wg, hg, of}jg, ldng, la5f]8 e]l6Psf x'g\ . oL ;a} af6}df 5f8]/ xfdL
hfG5f}F cgGt ofqfdf eGg] hLjg–oyfy{ k|s6Ls/0f ul/Psf] 5 k|:t't
lgaGwdf . h] hlt sd{ u/] klg hLjgsf] ofqfGtdf xfdLn] 5f8]/ hfg] a;\
clnslt w'jfF / a;\ clnslt v/fgL eGg] jfSof+z sDtL kf/bzL{ s6'
oyfy{ nfU5 / Û
…/fhgLltÚ of] zLif{sdf lgaGwsf/n] cfkm\g} df}lns kl/efiff lbPsf 5g\
/fhgLltaf/] . st} pgL eG5g\–…ck|fKt /fHo;Qf k|fKt /fHo;Qf hf]ufO/fVg
v]lng] v]n xf] /fhgLlt . ;j{>]i7 cgLltsf] gfd xf] /fhgLlt . of] s6'
;To xf] . d]/f s'/f s;}nfO{ dg k?g\ jf gk?g\ t/ of] 3fdem}F 5n{Ë 5,
av]{ em/Lem}F 5tf5'Nn 5 .Ú st} km]l/ eG5g\–…lzjhL h;/L gfr] klg tf08j
g[To x'G5, cfbz{ g[To x'G5 . hLjGt /fhgLltdf /St;~rf/h:t} x'g\–lx+;f,
if8\oGq, wf]sf, :jfª / 5nsk6x? . hgtf gem'SofO{sg, hfnem]n
gu/Lsg, csf]{nfO{ ;Qfaf6 gunxTofO{sg sf]xL ;jf]{Rr kbdf k'Ub}g .
/fhgLltdf if8\oGq hfoh dflgG5 . ;fd, bfd, e]b / b08 t pkfo x'g\
/fhgLltsf .Ú lgaGwsf/n] JoËo t xfGg';Dd xfg]sf 5g\ t/ pgL cfkm}
eG5g\–…d}n] /fhgLltsf] lgGbf u/]sf] xf]Og, hLjGt /fhgLltsf ;Tox?sf]
rrf{dfq u/]sf] . /fhgLlt Tofu, ;GGof; / j}/fUosf] d];f] xf]Og, ef]u, /fu
/ å]ifsf] d]nf] xf] . /fhgLltdf wd{, Tofu, lgi7f, l;4fGt vf]Hb} lx8\g]x?
hf]uL eP/ lx8] x'G5, v/fgL 3;] x'G5 . To:tf nsL/sf kmsL/x? u'kmf
k;]/ Wofgdf a;] x'G5 . /fhgLltdf kfk ug'{ eg]sf] xfg'{ xf], wd{ eg]sf]
lhTg' xf] .== s;}n] Ps hgf dfG5] df/] cfhGd s}b x'G5 . /fhgLltsf] gfddf
xhf/f}F dfG5] df/] ;jf]{Rr kb k|fKt x'G5 .Ú s"6gLltsf] xjfnf lbFb} n]vs
eG5g\–…g]tfsf] af]nL ljgd| x'g'k5{ t/ x[bo 5'/fsf] wf/h:tf] x'g'k5{ . af]Nbf
d':s'/fP/ af]Ng'k5{ t/ sd{ qm"/ / lgb{oL x'g'k5{ .Ú n]vsn] b]zsf] ;Dk"0f{
s'/fsf] ldof] /fhgLlt x'G5 t/ cfkm"x?n] b]lv/x]sf] /fhgLltdf gLltl;4fGt
xf/]sf] / zlQml;4fGtn] lht]sf] 5 eGb} /fhgLltsf ;Dk"0f{ ljb|"k b[Zo cGTo
eP/ /fhgLltdf gofF ;+:s[ltsf], gofF ;Eotfsf], Odfgsf], ;f}hGosf] /
b]zk|]dsf] pbo xf];\ eGg] sfdgf ub}{ ;kgfx? ljkgf ePsf] To; lbgdf
pT;j dgfpFnf eg]sf 5g\ .
…dfofÚ df dxlif{ ;GGof;Lx?n] dfofnfO{ ldYof 7fg] klg pgLx? dfofs}
6'gfn] klUn/x]sf 5g\ . dfofsf cg]sfg]s ?k, zfvf, 56fx? 5g\ . dfof
gx'Fbf] xf] t ;[li6sf 5tf5'Nn ;f}Gbo{ 5\ofnAofn b]Vg kfpg] lyPgf}F eGb}
htftt} dfof g} dfofsf :j?k b]Vg] lgaGwsf/ eG5g\–…;Gtfgsf] dfofdf
c;Ld si6 ef]U5g\ cfdfx? . dfofs} k|]/0ffdf lk7\o"Fdf aRrf af]s]/ ?v?v
km'ËfN5g\ afFb/x? . dfofs} k|]/0ffn] aRrfx?sf] d'vdf rf/f] k'¥ofpF5g\
r/fx? . b]zsf] dfofdf Ho"Hofg ck{G5g\ ;lxbx? . hfb"em}F, 6'gfem}F,
;Ddf]xgem}F x'G5 dfofsf] k|efj . RofTg g;lsg] x'G5 dfofsf] hfn . ;[li6sf]
lg/Gt/tf / hLjgsf] l:ylt dfofd} cjnlDat 5 .Ú
csf]{ lgaGw …;'tf{x?Ú xf] . ;':tfdf l5d]sLaf6 ;Ldf ldlrFbfsf] ;'tf{,
sGrgk'/df aflnsf anfTs[t x'Fbfsf] ;'tf{, O/fsdf g]kfnLsf] 3fF6L /]l6Fbfsf]
;'tf{, e|i6frf/af6 b]z aaf{bL x'Fbfsf nufot cg]sf}F ;'tf{x? 5tf5'Nn 5g\
oxfF . …lsg rflxof] 1fg lj1fg, snf / ;flxTo < cfxf/ h'6fpg] ;f]emf]
wGbfdf nfu] x'G5 . 9'Ë] o'udf l;s]sf] ljBfn] sfd rN5 . vfg'k5{–ef]hg
h'6fpm . n8\g'k5{–xltof/ agfpm . zf;g ug'{k5{–an a9fpm . /ltqmL8f
u/–j+z a9fpm . h;sf] an 5– p;sf] k[YjL . d;n a9fpm–anldRofO
u/ . Joy{ 6fpsf] vfg] 1fg / k':ts gNofpm . sdhf]/ agfpg]–gLlt /
;bfrf/ gNofpm . e"t la;{–Tof] uof] . eljiot\sf] ;'tf{ gu/ . jt{dfgdf
/dfpm .Ú
…cIf/ / cd"t{ cleJo~fgfx?–@Ú df cIf/ / o;sf ;+jfxsx?sf]
dxfofqfnfO{ /f]Sg] lxDdt s;}sf] lyPg, 5}g / x'g] 5}g eGg] bfjL oxfF
e]l6G5 . s]xL If0f ljZj ysf{Psf r+u]h vfg, t}d"/ nª, d';f]lngL, lx6n/
/ kf]nkf]6;Fu;d]t gba]sf cIf/ Oltxf;sf k|To]s tfgfzfxnfO{ k/flht ug{
;Ifd /x]sf] pNn]v ub}{ o;sf] lg/Gt/tfsf] kIfdf n]vs b]lvG5g\–…cIf/sf]
ljhoofqf hf/L 5 . ca klg em'Sb}gg\ cIf/x? s;};Fu .Ú
…PsfGtjf;sf k|nfkÚ k|:t't lgaGw;Ë|xsf] ;dfks cyf{t\ clGtd ;"rLsf]
lgaGw /rgf xf] . tD3f;dfly /];'Ëfsf] lzv/df r9]/ tnlt/ x]bf{ t
lgaGwsf/n] ch'{g8fF8f lgs} xf]rf] b]v] . o;af6 cfkm"df cUnf] 5' eGg] efj
cfPsf] k|;Ë NofPsf 5g\ . dfgj cfkm} cfkm\gf sd{n] eGbf cs}{sf] prfOdf
r9]/ pRr alg/x]sf] hdfgfnfO{ cg]s ljifo–k|;Ë ykyfk kf/L :jflbnf]
kf/]sf 5g\ . /];'Ëfaf/] lgaGwsf/sf] lbJo a'emfO 5–…z"Go 5 /];'Ëf . of]
dxlif{x?sf] tkf]e"ld . PsfGt sf]nfxn z"Go wtL{sf] lgwf/ xf] of] . oxfF
km'S5g\ a'l4sf sFl;Psf d'/f{x? . oxfF km'S5g\ ljrf/ / sNkgfsf
aGwgx? . a}/fuLx?sf] :j/fh 5 of] cg'kd . oxfF zflGt / cfgGbsf b;}
åf/ v'nf 5g\ . oxLF v'N5 ;dflw .Ú h"gls/Ln] Hof]lt afn]/ r]tgfsf]
;fy{s k|sfz lkmFhfl//x]sf] cg'e"lt lgaGwsf/n] u/]sf 5g\–…;'Gb/ :j/nfO{
?kn] ;hfpg] h"gls/Lx? l6dl6d] Hof]lt afn]/ cfP . s] vf]Hg wb\bfpF5g\
s'lGg oL h"gls/Lx? Tolt ;fgf] 6'sL afn]/ < cGwsf/sf] ;fd|fHodf ;fgf]
Hof]lt afn]/ h"gls/Ln] r]tgfsf] k|sfz 5g{ vf]lh/x]5 . cfsf/ ;fgf] eP/
s] x'G5 < ‰ofpFls/Ln] /ftsf] lg:tAwtfnfO{ cfkm\gf] ;ËLtn] lrl//x]5 .
h"gls/Ln] /ftsf] cGwsf/nfO{ l6dl6d] aQLn] r'gf}tL lbO/x]5 .Ú
d"ntM s[ltsf] ?kkIfdf eGbf ;f/kIfdf ljZjf; ug]{ kf7ssf nflu ;fg}
cfofds} eP klg k|:t't s[lt pNn]Vo, k7gLo / dggLo dfGg ;lsG5 .
k|:t't lgaGws[lt nfdf] ;do;Dd /];'Ëf ax'd'vL SofDk; -tD3f;, u'NdL_ df
d"ntM g]kfnL ljifodf k|fWofkg sfo{df ;+nUg /xFb} cg]sfg]s ljwfdf n]vg
tyf ;dLIf0fsf If]qdf k|j[Q eO{ vfl/Psf l;4x:t lgaGwsf/sf] /rgf
ePsfn] o;df kf7sn] Ps};fy ulx/f ulx/f lbJo bz{g, ddf{Gt JoËoaf0f,
s6' oyfy{ / km}lnO/x]sf oqtqsf ax' If]qsf laANofF6fx? ;FuflnP/ s~rg
eO{ ;Eo tyf ;d'Ggt ;dfhsf] ;[hgf x'g ;sf];\ eGg] cGto{ cjZo}
n's]sf 5g\ . ;a} lgaGw 5f]6f t/ /l;nf / /f]rs nfU5g\ . k9"Fk9"F nfUg],
;nn au]sf] k|f~hn z}nL nf]enfUbf] b]lvG5 . s'g} s'g} lgaGwdf lgaGwsf/
cfkm"n] b]v] ef]u]sf] k|;Ë, 36gf jf nfu]sf] ljrf/ 8\ofª8\ofª k|s6 ug{
;fx;L ag]sf] kfOG5 . s]xL gf}nf nfUg] / lgaGwsf/sf] gf}NofOF;d]t
emlNsg] zAbsf] k|of]u b]lvG5 . h:t}–;'g[tf -;fFrf] / ld7f] af]nL, k[= ^_,
cy{b"if0f -e|i6frf/, k[=%_, lzZgf]b/k"lt{ -;fob sfd / dfdsf] k"lt{ xf]nf,
k[=$_, c:t]o -rf]/L ug'{, k[=^_, e"sDkh:t} -cfsfz jf vuf]nsf] sDksf nflu
vsDk, k[=$#_ cflb . To:t} ljleGg j]b–pklgifb\sf ;du|df ;+:s[t efiffsf
;"lQm, Znf]s tyf Crfx? klg s]xL pNn]v ePsf 5g\ . h:t}–j;'w}j
s'6'Dasd\ -k[=$–%_, cqmf]w]g lht qmf]wd\ -k[=^_, ;xgfjjt' ;x gf} e'gQ'm ;x
jLo+{ s/jfjx}, t]hl:jgfjlwtd:t' df ljlåiffdx} -k[=^_, k|s[ltZr]tgM k'/mif:t'
h8M -k[=*_, cTdfg+ sfdfo ;j{+ lk|o+ ejlt -k[=@*_, of ljBf ;f ljd'Qmo]
-k[=#%_, r/}j]lt, r/}j]lt -k[=#^_, a8] a8] kf]yL k9s/ kl08t eP g sf]o
-lxGbL, k[=#^_, wgfb\ wd{ ttM ;'vd\ -%(_, td;f] df Hof]ltu{do -k[=^^_,
hLj]d z/bMztd\ -k[=^*_, g/f0ff+ r g/flwk -k[=&)_, jL/ef]Uof j;'Gw/f
-k[=&)_, ;bf ;d/ljhoLgd\ -k[=&!_, jL/ef]Uof j;'Gw/f -k[=&!_, t[i0ff ghL0ff{
jod]j hL0ff{ -k[=&&_, ;Tod]o hot] gfg[td\ -k[=*)_ cflb .
To;}u/L lgaGwsf/n] cfkm"n] eGg'kg]{ jf:tljs s'/f jf ljifonfO{ cg]s laDa
/ k|tLssf dfWodn] phfu/ u/]sf 5g\ . ;fdfGo dflg;n] ;xh} af]w ug{
;Sg] ty ljlzi6 cy{ Bf]tgsf] Ifdtf jxg u/]sf b'a} k|sf/sf laDa /
k|tLssf] k|of]un] k|:t't s[lt k"0f{ pTs[i6 dfGg ;lsG5 . oxfF k|of]u ul/Psf
laDa / k|tLssf s]xL emns o;/L bzf{pg ;lsG5 . h:t}– kfgLsf] kmf]sf
-k[=#_, lxpF, cfuf], rGb|, ;"o{, gbL, jfo' -k[=!)_, km"n, af3, efn', afg/,
k':ts -k[=!#_, xfQLsf] ;'F8, e';'gf], lh/fkmsf] 3fF6L, rd]/f], do"/, 8fFkm],
pNn", sfu, u'/fF;, sf]OnL, ufO{, 9]8'jf -k[=!$_, afbn, lhe|f -k[=!%_, 38L,
em/gf, aGb's, kl;gf, s'?If]q, cfF;' -k[=!^_, s's'/ -k[=!(_, es'G8f] -k[=@!_,
pGo", l;dn, b"w -k[=@@_, 8fOgf];/ -k[=@#_, dfx'/L -k[=@$_, xg'dfg\, afln,
;'u|Lj, /fj0f, cËb, hfgsL -k[=@%_, dfpvfg] -k[=@&_, km"n -k[=@*_, v]t,
/fIf;, lah'nL, afv|f, e}F;L, s;fO{ -k[=@(_, 3f]8f -k[=#!_, 9'Ëf, ;~hLjgL
-k[=##_, jgdf/f, xfQL, v/fof], lzz', skf; -k[=#$_, lstfa, ;'uf, 9f]sf, u'/m
-k[=#%_, k'tnL, k/]jf, bQfq]o -k[=#^_, /fd, nª\sf, cof]Wof -k[=#(_, l;sGb/,
r+u]h vfg, lx6n/ -k[=$)_, kf]nkf]6, v/fgL, d;fg, t/af/, a'4, O{zf,
jfNdLls, Jof;, z]S;lko/, leGrL, b]jsf]6f, ;'s/ft, Kn]6f], c/:t",
zª\s/frfo{, ?;f], ef]Nt]o/, ufGwL, x]g/L 8\o'gf, t}d'/ nª, d';f]lngL, ObL
cdLg, af]sf;f, cfsfz, rGb|, ;"o{, g]kf]lnog, gflb/ zfx, v'd]gL, ;2fd
x';]g, s2fkmL, au/, /Ëd~r, emfFtf -k[=$!_, w'jfF, x'l66ØfpF -k[=$@_, x'F8f/,
88]nf], ;d'b|, OGb|]0fL, -k[=$#_, kfgL, 5fofF -k[=$$_, lnª\sg, dfS;{,
sflnbf;, xf]d/, u]6], Xo'uf], uf]sL{, k|]drGb, ljj]sfgGb, z]nL, ls6\;,
df]tL/fd, cR5f /fO{ /l;s, zfxhxfF, tfhdxn, uf]8\;], z'qm/fh zf:qL, h'4
zdz]/, uËfnfn, g/ zdz]/ /f0ff, lh;; qmfO:6, ;'s/ft, >Ls[i0f, a'4
-k[=$%_, lzj, sfsfs'n, 3fd, skf;, lxdfn, gfOn, ;/:jtL, od'gf, l;Gw',
u08sL, cDofhg, ldl;l;kL, ef]Nuf, Xjfª\xf], O/fjtL, -k[=$&_, xfF;, /f/f,
km]jf, df5fk'R5]«, dfbn, cfFwL, x'/L, ;'gfdL, 6fk' -k[=$*_, lk~h/f -k[=%)_,
u|]6jfn, elh{n, bfFt], ;d, n]vgfy, rf0fSo, slkn, kt~hln, dfsf]{gL,
Pl8;g, Go'6g, cfOG:6fOg, -k[=%$_, 38L -k[=%^_, af3, xl/0f, afh, emG8f,
nf}/f], v's'/L -k[=%&_, /utsf] xf]nL -k[=%*_, 89]sf] jg, d[u -k[=^)_, zª\v]
ls/f, dfs'/f, 5]kf/f, Uoflnlnof], sf]l6No, 8fla{g, k|mfo8 -k[=^!_, ;Ë|fd,
;d'b| dGyg, h'jfsf] vfn, o'lwli7/, zs'lg -k[=^%_, lzlz/, j;Gt,
nf6f]sf];]/f], k[YjLgf/fo0f, sfn' kf08], bfdf]b/ kf08], axfb'/ zfx, cd/l;+x
yfkf, Eofu'tf -k[=^^_, af6f], /ft -k[=^*_, 7fF6L, kf}jf, -k[=^(_, /]k|mL -k[=&)_,
ljif, v';f{gL -k[=&!_, e¥ofª -k[=&@_, s'lx/f], 3fd, cf}F;Lsf] /ft, ;'gfv/L,
h"gls/L -k[=*)_, rËf, ch'{g -k[=*@_, ufO{, uf]w'ln, ;fF9], skm\o'{, uF8\of}nf,
ad, 9f]sf, dl/r, dxlif{, ‰ofpFls/L, kh]/f], uhaf/ -k[=*#_, jL0ff, 6'sL
-k[=*$_ cflb .
k|:t't lgaGws[ltsf] z'4fz'l4 / j0f{ljGof; csf]{ j}lzi6Ø ag]sf] 5 .
j0f{ljGof; Hofb} /fd|f] 5 t/ o;sf n]vssf] eGbf k|ljlwsf sf/0f /
6ª\s0fstf{sf sf/0f klg x'g ;S5 s]xL xNsf cz'l4 klg b[li6uf]r/
x'G5 . g]kfnL efiffsf] kl5Nnf] j0f{ljGof; lgod;Fu s]xL d]n gb]lvPsf /
pbf/tfsf sf/0f -<_ /xg uPsf s]xL pbfx/0f k[i7;ª\Vof;lxt o;/L
pNn]v ug{ ;lsG5 M zx/ -k[=!_, ;f/yL -k[=^_, kG5L / kIfL -k[=!)_,
kf]zfs, u+ufhn -k[=!!_, cx+sf/ / cxª\sf/ -k[=!@_, cfsfz / ;dosf]
cflb–cGt xf]nf ls g xf]nf . -k[=!#_, lzlz/n] e'TNofPsf kfvfx?n] k]ml/
xl/of] rf]nL nufP . -k[=!%_, o;kfln / o; kfln, xfdLn] gj jif{sf]
z'esfdgf afF8\of} o;kfln -k[=!^_, vf]hL/x]5' -k[=!*_, cf]F7, 9+uf, z+v
-k[=!(_, Pl/i6f]6n, cn]Sh]08/, u+ufnfn -k[=@)_, tTj -k[=@!_, h+un -k[=@$_,
t} klg -k[=@^_ wld{s -k[=@*_, :jfª\, 9f]ª\ -k[=@(_ tLa|tf -k[=#)_, ;+sL0f{,
;TofGjoL n]vsx? xfjfsf] ultdf 9lNsgg\ . -k[=#!_, lapm, b'lgof -k[=##_,
hdLg, k0o, em'l08Psf] -k[=#$_, u/La, l98f] -k[=#&_, oxF -k[=#*_, /ut\
-k[=#(_, Plzof, lx6\n/ -k[=$)_, vf]O -k[=$!_, ;+u|x -k[=$@_ /fd k'/miff]Qd ag]F
-k[=$%_ TofuLx? eg] gIfq em} r+lsP Oltxf;df ., g ltgLx? k"Ho ag]F .,
/fhu2L Tofu]/ leIf' ag]sf l;4fy{ a'4 ag]F ., knª\df -k[=$^_, d+un, lx+hf]
-k[=%#_, ;:s[lt -k[=%#_, ;kgfy -;fob ;k{gfy xf] k[=%%_, u/LaL -k[=%%_,
cFl:t -k[=%^_, ;do g cfO{ qmflGt x'Gg, ;+s]t, ;f]Fr, emf]+s -k[=%&_, x'FG5
-k[=^)_, hu\huL -k[=^@_, ;f]+R5' -k[=^#_, j]tfn -k[=^%_, nf6f]sf]z]/f] -k[=^^_,
lem;\ld;]d} -k[=^&_, csf]{nfO{ ;Qfaf6 g unTofO{sg sf]xL ;jf]{Rr kbdf
k'Ub}g . -k[=&!_ e+u, zxLb -k[=&%_, d'8s§f, e]8f em}, d':tfª\, uf]? -k[=&^_,
;+sNkx?, ;+s6, -k[=&&_, uf]? -k[=&(_, dfG5]+, 9'+u] -k[=&*_, r+uf -k[=*@_,
7fFGbf -k[=*#_, uj{ gu/ P Û v;|'sf cljgLt a'6fx? ltdLx?n] lxdfn 5]Sg
;Sg] 5}gf}F . -k[=*#_ ;+uLt -k[=*$_ cflb .
ctM em§ b]Vbf Hofb} dl;gf s'/f tyf ;;fgfem}F nfUg] ljifoj:t'x? ef]u]/,
cg'e"t u/]/, h'6fP/, h'/fP/ ltgnfO{ ljz]if ?kdf p7fg ub}{, dl:tis–
dGyg ub}{, s]nfpFb}, df‰b}, kl/kfsk"0f{ t'NofP/ snfsf] rf:gLdf r'n'D{d}
8'afP/ /l;nf]–;':jfb' kl/sf/sf ?kdf kf7sdfem cfPsf] n]vg;Lksf
s'zn JolQmTjsf] k|:t't s[lt g]kfnL lgaGwfsfzdf tD3f;sf] /];'Ëf8fF8f
glhsaf6 k|If]k0f ul/Psf] Ps rf]l6nf], wfl/nf] / uxlsnf] ;flxlTos
If]Kof:qsf ?kdf /x]sf] dfGg ;lsG5 .
)))
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b]jLgu/, a'6jn, ?kGb]xL
sf]OnLsf] efiff af]Nb5' d
sfF sfFsf] efiff af]lNbgF .
;a}sf] enf] rfxG5' d
s;}sf] s'enf] ulb{gF .
;fu/ agL alx/xG5' d
vf]nL slxNo} alGbgF .
;dfgtfsf] vf]hL ul//xG5' d
c;dfgtfsf] sNkgf ulb{gF .
dfgjtfsf] gftf hf]8\b5' d
bfgjtfnfO{ >4f~hln lbG5' d .
)))
jf0fL ljsf; / k9fO ;Lk ljsf;sf]
cGt/j:t'
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ljleGg hLjx?n] cfkm\gf] OR5f, ;'v, b'MvnfO{ ljleGg ;°]t, cfjfhsf
dfWodaf6 k|s6 u5{g\ . o;/L k|sl6t cfjfhsf cfwf/df To; hLjsf]
cj:yfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L lng ;lsg] hLjzf:qLx?sf] 7DofO 5 .
dfG5]afx]ssf hLjx?n] k|s6 ug]{ o:tf cfjfh ;°]tx? ;Lldt k|sf/n]
juL{s/0f ug{ ;lsg] jf ljlzi6Ls[t ug{ ;lsg] x'G5 . t/ dfG5]n] cfkm\gf]
cfjfh jf WjlgnfO{ w]/} lsl;ddf ljlzi6Ls[t dfq} u/]g a? o;nfO{
k|fs[lts :j?kaf6 kl/is[t ub}{ cEof; ug{ of]Uo, cEof;af6 l;Sg
of]Uo;d]t agfof] . xfn ;+;f/df /x]sf ljleGg efiff / ltgsf] l;sfOnfO{
o;sf] pbfx/0fsf ?kdf lng ;lsG5 .
lnlksf] ljsf; x'g'k"j{ efiffnfO{ ef}lts ?kdf b]Vg, k9\g, a'‰g ;lsg]
cj:yf lyPg . Wjlg ;r]tgfs} cEof;af6 efiff l;lsg] / Jojxf/ rnfpg]
x'GYof] h'g s'/f cfh klg lg/If/ j[Qdf rNb} cfPsf] 5 . lnlksf] ljsf;
x'g'k"j{ klg y'k|} 1fg ;ª\u[xLt ePsf lyP . tL 1fg–;ª\u|x >'lt k/Dk/faf6}
afFr]sf lyP / ;f]xL k/Dk/faf6} Ps k':tfaf6 csf]{ k':tfdf x:tfGt/0f x'Fb}
cfPsf lyP . o;/L k':tfg'k':tf >'lt k4ltaf6 x:tfGt/0f x'Fb} cfPsf
1fgnfO{ >'lt elgof] . To;}n] j]bnfO{ >'lt elgg] syg k|l;4 5 .
x'g t lnlksf] ljsf; gx'Fb} klg k7gkf7g k|lqmof rn]rnfPsf] s'/f dflys}
>'lt k/Dk/fn] k|dfl0ft u/Øf] . ha lnlksf] ljsf; eof] ta 1fg u7/Lsf]
cef}ltstfnfO{ -b]Vg k9\g g;lsg] cj:yfnfO{_ ef}lts :t/df-b]Vg k9\g
;lsg] cj:yfdf_ ?kfGt/0f ug{ ;lsg] eof] . o;n] 1fg tyf ;Lk
;'/If0fdf klg 7"nf] d2t k'/Øfof] . pRrf/0f cËsf] cIfdtfsf sf/0f efj
;Dk|]if0fdf kg{ hfg] ;d:of klg lnlk ljsf;sf sf/0fn] s]xL xb;Dd xn
eof] . -h:tf] / nfO{ n pRrf/0f ug]{ ;d:of ePsf JolQmn] æ/fd'sf vns
v/sdf uPÆ eGg'kbf{ ænfd'sf vns vnsdf uPÆelgg] x'GYof] . t/ cIf/
jf egf}F lnlksf] ljsf; ePkl5 z'4l;t eGg ghfg] klg z'4l;t n]v]/
b]vfpg ;lsg] eof] ._
;fdfGo ?kdf eGg'kbf{ s07, tfn', d"4f{, bfFt, cf]F7, lhe|f], gfs cflb
cËsf] ;+of]hgaf6 cy{k"0f{ Wjlg lgsfn]/ cfkm\gf] efjgf c?nfO{ ;Dk|]if0f
ug]{ WjlgnfO{ jf0fL elgG5 . dfly plNnlvt cËx?df s]xL u8a8L ePdf
rfx]sf] h:tf], ;f]r]sf] h:tf] Wjlg lgsfNg ;lsb}g . h;n] ubf{ :yflkt
dfgs Wjlgsf] cefjdf efj jf egf}F efjgf, ljrf/ ;Dk|]if0fdf afwf, cj/f]w
l;h{gf x'G5 .
s] Wjlg pRrf/0fsf cËx?sf] v/faLn] dfq} jf0fL lgdf{0fdf ca/f]w cfpg]
xf] < o;sf nflu s] s:tf cfwf/e"t k[i7e"ldsf] cfjZostf k5{ < oL
k|Zgx?sf af/]df k|frLg sfnb]lv g} lgs} vf]h cg';Gwfg x'Fb} cfPsf
5g\ .
klxnf] s'/f t jf0fL jf Wjlg pRrfo{ cËx? ;an :j:y eP klg h;n]
;'Gg ;Qm}g p;n] af]Ng ;Qm}g eGg] :yflkt k|df0f 5Fb} 5 . o;n] s]
b]vfpF5 eg] jf0fL >'lt l;sfOsf] cd"No k'Vof}{nL lglw ;ª\u|x xf] .
cGt/lqmofTds l;sfOsf] a]hf]8 gd"gf xf] . oxL sf/0fn] ubf{ jf0fL pRrfo{
cËsf] agf]6df j}olQms leGgtf /x] klg cEof;sf sf/0faf6 g} s'g} klg
efiffsf] ;femf Wjlg pRrf/0f ug{ ;Dej x'g ;s]sf] xf] .
3/ kl/jf/n] Ps aRrfnfO{ efiff l;sfpg w]/} ;do / k|oTgsf] nufgL
u/]sf] x'G5 . o;sf] vf;} n]vfhf]vf ul/Psf] x'Fb}g . To;df klg ;a}eGbf
w]/} nufgL cfdfsf] x'G5 . To;}n] s;}sf] p;sf] kl/jf/df af]lng] efiffnfO{
lghsf] dft[efiff eGg] ul/Psf] xf] . cfdfsf], kl/jf/sf], pm cfkm\g} j}olQms
leGgtfcg';f/ afnaflnsfn] cfcfkm\g} lsl;dn] s'g} Wjlg, zAb, jfSo
pRrf/0f ug{ l;s]sf] x'G5 . h:tf] ls s'g} kl/jf/df ;a}sf] cln rsf]{
af]Ng] :jefj 5 eg] To:tf kl/jf/df x's]{sf] afnaflnsfn] ;fdfGo cj:yfd}
klg cln rsf]{ af]N5g\ . z'4 pRrf/0f ug]{ kl/jf/ 5 eg] To; kl/jf/sf
afnaflnsfn] klg z'4 pRrf/0f ug]{ u5{g\ .
kl/jf/df y'k|} k|f/lDes eflifs ;Lk l;s]sf afnaflnsf ljBfno cfpFbf
pgLx?sf] eflifs ;Lkn] y'k|} 7fpFdf xG8/7Ss/ vfg] cj:yf cfpF5 .
;fyLl;t, lzIfsl;t, ;d'bfosf JolQml;tsf] cGt/lqmofn] pgLx?n] cfkm\gf]
eflifs ;LknfO{ kl/dflh{t ub}{,kl/is[t ub}{, df‰b} hfG5g\ / To; ljBfno
If]qleqsf] ;femf efiff agfpg] k|oTgdf /xG5g\ . kl/jf/, 5/l5d]s,
;fyLl;tsf] af]nLrfnLaf6 l;lsPsf] sYo efiffn] afnaflnsfsf] cGt/lqmof
ug]{ ;Lk ljsf;df ;xof]u k'/ØfpF5 . sYo efiffsf] ;Djfb clelnlvt
gx'g], Hofbf cgf}krfl/s x'g'n] klg afnaflnsfnfO{ eflifs q'l6 ;RofpFb}
cEof; ub}{ cl3 a9\g ;lhnf] x'G5 . cyf{t\ clnlvt ePsfn] ;fgf]ltgf]
uNtLdf rsf]{ d'2f aGg] ;d:of x'Fb}g .
jf0fL ljsf;sf ;Gbe{df w]/} vf]h cg';Gwfg ePsf 5g\ . jf0fL dfgj
hflts} Ps ljlzi6 cleJolQm sfo{ Ifdtfsf] ;"rs xf] . To;f] t ;a}
dfG5]df jf0fL Ifdtf x'Fb}g eGg] s'/f :ki6 eO;s]sf] 5 . >j0fzlQm z"Go
x'g]sf] s] jf0fL ljsf;sf] k[i7e"ld klg z"Go g} x'G5 t <o:tf k|Zgsf
hjfkmsf nflu xfd|f k"j{hn] jf0fL ljsf;sf rf/ r/0fx?sf] JofVof u/]sf
5g\ . tL r/0fx? o; k|sf/ 5g\—
!= k/fjfs\ — af]Ngsf nflu ;a}eGbf klxn] dlitisn] of]hgf u5{ . k/fjfs\
cj:yf JolQmn] af]nL af]Ng] of]hgfsf nflu dlitisdf efjgf t/lËt x'g]
cj:yf xf] . of] cJoQm cj:yf xf] . o;nfO{ jf0fL ljsf;sf] ;'if'lKt
cj:yf eGg ;lsG5 . h;/L ;'Vvf ds}sf] aLpmsf] bfgfdf x]bf{ s'g}
6';f] jf c°'/ b]lvFb}g t/ df6f]df /f]Kbf 6';fpF5 . ;f] bfgfdf ;'if'Kt
/x]sf] 6';f] pko'Qm jftfj/0f cfpgf;fy k|s6 x'g yfN5 . jf0fL
ljsf;df k/fjfs\ r/0f klg To:t} ;'if'Kt / cJoQm r/0f xf] . o;
r/0fdf jf0fL ljsf;sf clt k|f/lDes t/Ëx? t/lËt x'G5g\ / bf];|f]
r/0flt/ ;ª\qmldt x'G5g\ .
@= kZolGtjfs\ — k/fjfs\ r/0fdf ;'if'Kt cj:yfdf t/lËPsf] jf0fL o;
r/0fdf cfGtl/s ?kdf b[Zodfg x'G5 . cyf{t\ dg dlitisdf stf stf
b]v] h:tf], stf stf ;'g] h:tf] efg l;h{gf x'G5 . lrGtgdf gj
l;h{gf 6';fpg] cj:yf klg oxL xf] . j]bsf dGq l;h{gf ug]{ Clif
ClifsfnfO{ ædGq b|i6fÆ elgg'sf] cy{ klg oxL xf] . df6f]df /f]lkPsf]
ds}sf] aLpm 6';fpg] t/ df6f]aflx/ gcfO;s]sf] cj:yf h:tf] .
kZolGtjfs\ ;Gbe{df a]lGhg /;fogsf ;"q cfljisf/s hd{g j}1flgs
s]s'n]sf] ;kgfsf] 36gf a8f] cgf}7f]sf] 5 . s]s'n]n] a]lGhgsf] cWoog
ubf{ To;sf w]/} u'0f xfO8«f]sfj{gl;t ldNbfh'Nbf kfpFy] . t/ cf0fljs
ljZn]if0fdf s'/f] ldNb}gYof] . To;}n] s]s'n]n] ;f] /;fogsf] ;"q tof/
ug{ g;s]/ lbSs lyP . o:t} lrGtgsf] x}/fgLdf /x]sf j}1flgs s]s'n]n]
Ps /ftsf] lgb|fdf cgf}7f] ;kgf b]v] . ;f] ;kgfdf sfa{gsf c0f'x?
s'g} Ps g[To d~rdf gflr/x]sf lyP . tL sfa{gsf c0f'x? gfRbfgfRb}
s]xL c0f'x? ^÷^ j6f c0f'x?sf] ;d"xdf ldn]/ pleP . To;sf] nuQ}
Pp6f ;k{ cfof] / tL ^ j6f c0f'x?sf] ;d"xnfO{ kmgSs kmGsf] df/]/
3]/L cfkm\gf] k'R5/ cfkm}n] 6f]s]/ Ps j[Q h:tf] aGg k'Uof] . ;kgfkl5
s]s'n] hfu] . clg Tof] ;kgfsf] af/]df ;f]Rg nfu] . ts{ljts{ ub}{ hfFbf
ljkgfdf g;'em]sf] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ;kgfdf cfPsf] xf]nf / eGg] ;f]r
cfof] . d}n] cfh;Dd ;"q JofVof ug{ g;s]sf] of] kbfy{-a]lGhg_ s]
;/n /]vLo agf]6 geP/ if6\e'hfsf/df xf]nf / < eGb} if6\e'hfsf/df
sfa{g / xfO8«f]hgsf c0f' ldnfP/ ;"q tof/ u/] . clg if6\e'hfsf/
;"qdf sfa{g / xfO8«f]hgsf c0f'x? ldnfpFbf ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg
lgl:sof] .
o; 36gfn] s] b]vfof] eg] 1fgsf t/Ëx? cleJoQm x'gsf nflu
ljleGg r/0f kf/ ub}{ cfpF5g\ . of] kZolGtjfs\ r/0f cleJolQmsf]
ememNsf] r/0f xf] .
#= dWodfjfs\ — dWodfjfs\ r/0fdf jf0fLn] nueu d"t{?k lng] ;F3f/df
k'u]sf] x'G5 . of] r/0fdf jf0fLn] cleJolQmsf nflu dfWod vf]lh/x]sf]
x'G5 . o; cj:yfdf jf0fL Jojl:yt eP/, lvlkP/, dflemP/ cleJolQmsf
nflu tof/ x'G5 . of] cleJolQm k|:km'6gsf] k"jf{j:yf xf] . dgdf cfPsf]
5 d'vdf cfPg eGg] cj:yf xf] . wfdL emfFqmL sfDbf, saNbf, kt'bf{
pRr sDkg 5'6]/ klg aSg g;s]sf] ps';d's';sf] cj:yf xf] . ds}sf]
aLpm 6';fP/ df6f] prfn]/ hldg k§ km'6]/ 6';f] aflx/ lg:sg} nfu]sf]
cj:yf h:t} xf] .
alx/f]kgsf sf/0fn] xf];\ jf jf0fL pRrf/0f cËx?sf] -3fF6L, tfn',
lhe|f]= = cflb_ sdhf]/Lsf sf/0fn] jf0fL cj?4 ePsf JolQmx?sf] klg
dWodfjfs\ r/0f;Dd c? ;/x g} jf0fL ljsf; x'G5 . ha o; r/0fkl5
cleJolQmsf] dfu{ /f]lsG5 ta ljleGg ;°]t, ceflifs cfjfh jf Wjlgaf6
jf0fLsf] cleJolQm k|s6 x'G5 .
$= a}v/Ljfs\ — of] jf0fLn] d"t{ ?k lnPsf] cj:yf xf] . jf0fL pRrf/0fsf
cËx?df x'g] j}olQms km/ssf sf/0f ;a} JolQmsf] af]nLdf s]xL g s]xL
km/s k5{ . s'g} a]nf t zAb pRrf/0fsf] u8a8Ln] cy{sf] cgy{ klg
x'g k'U5 . h:tf] s'g} JolQmnfO{ / Wjlgsf] pRrf/0f n Wjlg / t
Wjlgsf] pRrf/0f 6 Wjlgsf] ?kdf x'g] ;d:of ePsf] cj:yfdf æd]/f]
/ftf] df6f] ePsf] af/L 5Æ eGg'kbf{ æd]nf] nf6f] df6f] ePsf] afnL 5Æ eGg]
x'g k'U5 . jf0fLdf cfpg] o:tf ;d:of cyf{t\ zAb pRrf/0fdf cfpg]
o:tf ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ pkfo 5g\ ls 5}gg\ <
o;sf] hjfkm xf] cjZo} 5g\ . o;sf nflu xfd|f k|frLg lzIffljb\n] ;Gyf
ljlwsf] ljsf; u/] . o; ljlwnfO{ u'/md'vL ljBf klg eg] . u'/md'vL
ljBfnfO{ cflwsfl/s, e/kbf]{ dfGg] ;+:sf/sf] lgdf{0f u/] . æd kmnfgf
u'/msf] u'/mdfsf] r]nf] x'F . r]nL x'FÆ egL uj{ ug]{ ;+:sf/sf] lgdf{0f u/] .
;Gyf eg]sf] u'/mu'/mdfn] cfkm\gf r]nfr]nLnfO{ kf7 lbg' xf] . r]nfr]nLn]
u'/mu'/mdfl;t kf7 lng' xf] . of] kf7 lng'lbg'df em§ x]bf{ ;'Gbf cf1f u/]
h:tf] / cf1f kfng u/] h:tf] b]lvP klg ;Gyfdf Tof]eGbf a9\tf y'k|} s'/f
5g\ . ;Gyfdf ljBfyL{n] lzIfsn] s'g} j0f{sf] pRrf/0f, zAbsf] pRrf/0f,
jfSosf] / 5Gbsf] pRrf/0f u/]sf] k|ToIf ;'G5, x]5{, cg'e"lt u5{ / lzIfsn]
h:t} u/L bf]xf]/ØfpF5 . ljBfyL{n] s'g} j0f{, zAb, jfSo / 5Gbsf] ;xL
pRrf/0f ug{ g;s]df lzIfsn] t'?Gt} ;'wf/L z'4 pRrf/0fsf nflu cEof;
u/fpF5g\ . ;Gyf ljlw j}olQms lzIf0fsf] pTs[i6 gd"gf xf] . ;xl;sfOsf]
/fd|f] pbfx/0f xf] . ;Gyf lbFbfv]l/ g} lzIfsn] s'g ljBfyL{nfO{ sxfF
cK7Øf/f] k5{ eGg] s'/f yfxf kfpF5g\ / Tof] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu
nflu/xG5g\ .
k'/fgf] hdfgfdf ;GyfnfO{ lzIf0f ljlw dfq} xf]Og Ps cg'zf;gsf] ?kdf
;d]t lnOGYof] . u'/ml;t ;Gyf glnO{ s'g} klg zf:q k9\g'x'Fb}g eGg] alnof]
dfGotf lyof] . o;sf] d"n dd{ ;'?jftL r/0fdf pRrf/0f lalu|of], JofVof
lalu|of], olt, ult, no, 5Gb lalu|of] eg] ljifoj:t'n] lbg vf]h]sf] cy{
lalu|G5 . o;n] pQm l;sf?sf] k9fOsf] cfwf/lznfnfO{ kl5;Dd gsf/fTds
k|efj kfl//xG5 . Ps k6s lau|]sf] ;demsf] 5fk kl5sf lbgdf d]6fpg
ufx|f] x'G5 . l;sf?sf] cfTdljZjf; bx|f] x'g ;Qm}g .
k|frLg u'/ms'n lzIf0f z}nL ax'sIff ax':t/ lsl;dsf] lyof] . Ps hgf
lzIfsn] ljleGg tx / :t/sf ljBfyL{nfO{ Ps} 7fpFdf /fv]/ k9fpFy],
l;sfpFy] . lzIfsnfO{ s'g ljBfyL{ k9fOsf] s'g txdf 5 eGg] s'/f ofb
x'GYof], hfgsf/L x'GYof] . hfg]sf ljBfyL{n] ghfg]sf ljBfyL{nfO{ l;sfOlbg]
;xl;sfOsf] klg /fd|f] Joj:yf x'GYof] .
clxn] ljz]if u/L ;fgf] sIffdf -sIff !—#_ ;Gyf ljlwsf] cefjdf k9fO
;Lk ljsf;sf nflu lgs} ;d:of ePsf] 5 . /fd|f]l;t j0f{ glrg]sf ljBfyL{
sIff @ df k'u]sf, zAb pRrf/0f ug{ g;Sg] ljBfyL{ sIff # df k'u]sf tYo
ljleGg ;j]{If0fn] b]vfPsf 5g\ . o;n] klg ;fgf sIffdf lzIfs /
ljBfyL{sf] lgs6 ;DaGw 5}g eGg] s'/fnfO{ yk :ki6 kf/]sf] 5 . sIffdf
%÷& hgf ljBfyL{ eP klg n]Vg] kf6Ls} 5]]pdf uP/ k9fpg] rngnfO{ ;'wf/
ug{'kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 . cyf{t\ glhs} a;]/ ;a}nfO{ l;sfpg ;lsg] cj:yfdf
klg c5§ eP/ l;sfpg] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ ug{'k/]sf] 5 .
;fgf] sIffdf afnaflnsfn] z'4;Fu l56f]l56f] k9\g ;s]df dfq} klg cfhsf]
ljZjsf] ul/aLnfO{ !@ k|ltztn] 36fpg ;lsG5 egL Unf]an dlg6l/ª
l/kf]6{ o'g]:sf]n] eg]sf] 5 . sIff !—# sf afnaflnsfn] k9\gsf nflu
l;Sg] ;Lk l;S5g\ eg] sIff # b]lv dflysf afnaflnsfn] l;Sgsf nflu
k9\5g\ . To;}n] ;fgf sIffsf] d'Vo Wo]o z'4l;t l56f]l56f] k9\g] g} xf] .
;fgf sIffdf l56f]l56f] / z'4l;t k9\g] ;Lk /fd|f]l;t l;Sg ;s]sf
afnaflnsf dflyNnf] sIffsf] k9fOdf cAan x'g] u/]sf] tYon] klg k9fOsf]
hu k|f/lDes sIff g} xf] eGg yk an ldN5 . h;/L la?jfsf h/fdf
dnhn u/] la?jfn] /fd|f] pTkfbg lbG5 To;} u/L ;fgf sIffdf /fd|f] nufgL
u/] b]zsf] eljio pHHjn x'G5 eGg ;lsG5 .
jf0fL ljsf; / k9fO ;Lk ljsf;aLr ;DaGw— efiff l;sfOdf ;'gfO, af]nfO,
k9fO / n]vfO d'Vo ;Lk dflgG5g\ . efiff l;sfOsf ;'?jftL r/0fdf dfly
plNnlvt ;Lkx?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f klg plNnlvt qmdd} x'g'k5{ . k9fO
;LknfO{ ljz]if hf]8 lbg'kg]{ x]t'n] ljz]if u/L efiffsf] k9fO ;Lk ljsf;sf
;xhtfsf nflu k9fO tÎjsf] kl/efiff ul/Psf] 5 . k9fO tÎjx? o;
k|sf/ 5g\ —
!= Wjlg ;r]tLs/0f @= n]Voj0f{ ;r]tLs/0f #= zAb e08f/ $=k7g k|jfx
%= k7g af]w
!= Wjlg ;r]tLs/0f — pRrfo{ Wjlgk|lt cfkm\gf] ;r]ttf k|s6 ug]{ /
;f]cg';f/sf] k|ltlqmof hgfpg] ;Lk afnaflnsfn] ljBfno ghfFb}
cfkm\g} 3/, 5/l5d]sdf l;ls/x]sf x'G5g\ . o; ;LknfO{ ljBfnodf
k4lta4 ug]{ sfd ul/G5 . j0f{ jf cIf/sf ;fy{s WjlgnfO{ klxrfg
u/L ;f]cg';f/sf] ;sf/fTds k|ltlqmof lbg] ;Lk Wjlg
;r]tLs/0fcGt/ut k5{ . ;'lgPsf] WjlgnfO{ 6'qmfpg] -;+ejnfO{_,
6'lqmPsf WjlgnfO{ hf]8\g] ;Lk klg o;cGt/ut k5{g\ . o;df
afnaflnsfn] n]lvPsf jf 5flkPsf cIf/ jf j0f{ lrGg], zAb lrGg]
;Lksf] k|of]u ug{'kb}{g . s]jn df}lvs lqmofsnfk ul/G5 .
a}v/Ljfs\ r/0fdf cleJoQm ;fy{s Wjlg klxrfg / k|ltlqmof
cfbfgk|bfg o;cGt/ut k5{ . of] ;Lk ljsf;sf nflu ;Gyf cToGt
dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . lzIfsn] ug]{ lqmofsnfk æd u5{' ltdL x]/, ;'g .
xfdL ;Fu};Fu} u/f}F . ltdL u/ d x]5{', ;'G5' . Æ h:tf s'/fn] ;Gyfsf]
dd{ ;fy{s kf5{ . clxn] rngrNtLdf /x]sf] æd u5{', xfdL u/f}F, ltdL
u/Æ -Uo|fh'on l/lnh df]8n_sf] ;f/e"t s'/f klg t oxL xf] .
@= n]Voj0f{ ;r]tLs/0f — n]lvPsf jf 5flkPsf j0f{, zAb tyf
jfSonfO{ z'4 pRrf/0f ug]{ tyf s;}åf/f pRrfl/t WjlgnfO{ klxrfg
u/L n]lvPsf jf 5flkPsf j0f{, zAb jf jfSol;t ;DalGwt ug]{ jf
atfpg ;Sg] l;ksf] ljsf; o; k7g tTjcGt/ut cfzf ul/Psf]
x'G5 . af]nL jf Wjlgsf] >'lt ;°]tnfO{ lnlk lrXgsf dfWodaf6
b[Zo ;°]tdf cjt/0f x'g] of] cj:yf k7g ;Lksf] lgs} dxÎjk"0f{
cj:yf xf] . s;}n] af]n]sf] WjlgnfO{ ;'g]/ ;°]tg-sf]l8ª_ u/L
To;nfO{ lnlk ;°]tdf ;xL lsl;dn] lj;°]tg-l8sf]l8ª_ u/]/
b]vfpg' lgs} r'gf}tLk"0f{ ;Lk xf] . ;'g]sf cfwf/df -jf0fL ljsf;sf
r/0fx? l56f]l56f] t/lËt ub}{_;'lgPsf] WjlgnfO{ lnlk ;°]tl;t
lj;°]tg u/L ldnfg ug{] snfsf] ljsf;n] k9fO ;LknfO{ gofF
prfOdf k'/ØfpF5 .
#= zAb–e08f/ — afnaflnsfl;tsf] ;xh 1fg txsf] kx'Fr :t/,
cf}krfl/s k|rng :t/, kfl/eflifs jf cy{ ufDeLo{tf :t/sf lx;fan]
sIff, txdf k|of]u x'g] zAb ;d"xnfO{ tLg txdf juL{s/0f ul/Psf]
x'G5 . o:tf zAbx? juL{s/0fsf nflu kf7Øqmdn] lbUbz{g u/] klg
oxfF ;fdfGo a'emfOsf nflu rngrNtLsf vfg]s'/f, nufpg] sk8f,
z/L/sf cË, j:t'efp, cfkm\gf 3/ j/k/ b]lvg] ;fdfg tyf
efF8fs'F8f, j:t'sf gfd h:tf zAbx? klxnf] txdf k5{g\ .
ljBfno hfFbf, k':ts k9\bf, ljz]if 7fpFdf hfFbf b]lvg] ;'lgg] zAb
bf];|f] txdf k5{g\ . h:t} sfnf]kf6L÷;]tf]kf6L, rs, 8:6/, 3G6L,
lkl/o8, sIffsf]7f, /lh:6/, xflh/L, k|fy{gf, uon, xflh/, kf7,
cEof;, lzIfs cflb .
To;}u/L k|fljlws jf kfl/eflifs zAbx? t];|f] txsf zAbx?df
k5{g\ . h:t} sfof{no, ;do ;fl/0fL, k|wfgfWofks, a}7s cflb .
plNnlvt txsf zAb e08f/l;t kl/lrt / cEo:t eO{ k9fO
;LknfO{ /fd|f] agfpg' kg]{ cfzf k|f/lDes sIffsf] k7gkf7gdf
/flvPsf] x'G5 .
$= k7g k|jfx÷k9fO ult — s'g} klg s'/f k9]/ a'‰gsf nflu kl9g]
jfSosf zAbsf] cy{ 1fg x'g' h?/L 5 . zAbsf] cy{ 1fg eP klg
k9fOsf] ult, olt ldn]g, zAb pRrf/0f jf k9\g] tl/sf 7Ls ePg,
k9\g] ult pko'Qm ePg, z'4;Fu zAb pRrf/0f ug]{ ;Lk ePg eg]
k9]/ klg a'lemb}g . Ps cg';Gwfgn] s] b]vfPsf] 5 eg] !@ ;]s]G8
leq &÷* j:t' x]l/Psf] 5 eg] To;nfO{ dl:tisn] Jojl:yt ?kdf
;Demg a'‰g ;S5 . of] s'/f k9fOsf ;Gbe{df klg nfu" x'G5 .
;fgf gfgLx?sf nflu j0f{, dfqf, zAbx? 5'§f5'§} j:t' h:tf] nfUg
;S5g\ . ca Ps pbfx/0f lnpmF — Pp6f jfSo æxfd|f] v]tdf wfg
kmn]sf] 5 .Æ nfO{ k9\g s'g} Ps ljBfyL{n] @) ;]s]G8 nufof] eg]
dflysf] l;4fGtcg';f/ p;n] ;f] jfSon] eGg vf]h]sf] k"/} cy{ a'‰g
;Qm}g . dfgf}F p;n] æxfd|f] v]tÆ k9\g * ;]s]G8 nufof] / æwfg
kmn]sf] 5Æ k9\g !@ ;]s]G8 nufof] eg] ;f] ljBfyL{nfO{ ;f] jfSo k9L
l;4fpgf;fy æs] kmn]sf] 5 <Æ eGg] k|Zg ubf{ æwfg kmn]sf] 5Æ eGg]
hjfkm lbg ;S5 . t/ æsxfF kmn]sf] 5 <Æ eGg] k|Zgsf] hjfkm eg]
lbg ;Qm}g . lsgls p;sf] dlitisn] clGtd !@ ;]s]G8df k9L
l;4fPsf] s'/fsf] cy{k"0f{ ;+of]hg u5{ .
csf]{ Ps Jofjxfl/s pbfx/0fsf] ;Gbe{ lnpmF . cln kl/kSs
k9fn]vfn] klg cln ufx|f zAbl;tsf] nfdf] jfSo k9\g'kbf{ cy{
ga'em]/ bf]xf]/Øfpg' kg]{ cj:yf cfpF5 . o;sf] sf/0f klg ufx|f
zAbsf sf/0fn] k9fO ult dGb x'g' g} xf] . To;}u/L 6]lnlehg
kbf{df 3'd'jf ;dfrf/-:qmf]lnª Go"h_ k9\bf ;lhnf zAb / ;lhnf
jfSo eP k9\b} hfg ;lsg] x'G5 . ufx|f zAb ;+of]hg ePsf] ;dfrf/
eP k9\bfk9\b} km'l:sxfN5 . o;sf] sf/0f klg ufx|f zAbn] xfd|f]
k9fO ult ;':tfpg' xf] . oL ;a} s'/fn] s] b]vfpF5 eg] /fd|f]
a'emfOl;tsf] k9fOsf nflu k9fOsf] ult klg /fd|f] rflxG5 .
lgrf]8df s] eGg ;lsG5 eg] l56f] k9fOn] /fd|f] a'emfO x'G5 .
kf7Øqmd ljsf; s]Gb|n] $% z'4 zAb k|lt ldg]6 k9fO ult /
a'emfOsf] k|ltzt klg *) k|ltzt x'g'kg]{ egL cfwf/ /]vf-a]Grdfs{_
tf]s]sf] 5 .
%= k7g af]w — k9fO tÎjsf] csf]{ dxÎjk"0f{ tÎj xf] k7g af]w cyf{t\
a'emfO . s'g} s'/f k9\g t z'4 kl9of] t/ cy{ a'lemPg, ljifoj:t'n]
:ki6 kfg{ vf]h]sf] s'/f a'lemPg eg] k9fOsf] cy{ x'Fb}g . x'g t
k|f/lDes sIffdf -sIff !—#_ k9\gsf nflu l;Sg] -nlg{ª 6' l/8_
;Lksf] ljsf; ug]{ d'Vo p2]Zo /x]sf] x'G5 . sIff # b]lv dfly
nfu]kl5 l;Sgsf nflu k9\g] -l/l8ª 6' ng{_ d'Vo p2]Zo x'G5 .
To;}n] ;fgf sIffdf z'4 / l56f]l56f] k9\g' g} dxÎjk"0f{ x'G5 . k7g
ult / a'emfOsf] cfwf/ /]vfsf af/]df t dfly pNn]v ul/;lsPsf]
5.
jfSo jf cg'R5]b k9\bf j0f{, dfqf z'4 / l56f]l56f] k9] klg ult,
olt ldnfP/ zAbnfO{ 7Lsl;t pRrf/0f ul/Pg eg] cy{sf] cgy{
x'G5 . h:tf] æ/fd laxfg} :s"n hfG5Æ eGg] jfSonfO{ æ/f d laxf g}
:s" nhfg\ 5Æ h;/L kl9of] eg] j0f{ dfqf z'4 pRrf/0f u/]/ klg
cy{ nfUb}g . zAb 6'lqmPsf x'gfn] jfSo cy{xLg aGg k'u]sf] xf] .
To;}n] s;/L z'4l;t l56f]l56f] / cy{k"0f{ tl/sfn] k9\g] eGg] s'/f
lzIfsn] afnaflnsfsf] k9fOsf] ;'?jftL r/0fdf /fd|f]l;t ;Gyf
lbg'k5{ . clg ljBfyL{n] klg lzIfssf] ;GyfnfO{ Wofgk"j{s u|x0f
u/L k5Øfpg'k5{ .
;:j/ k7g ubf{ Ps} k9fOdf b'O{ k6s k9] ;/x x'G5 . df}g k7g
geO{sg ;:j/ k7g x'Fb}g . To;}n] klxnf] k9fO pRrf/0f ug{sf
nflu gaf]nL k9\bf x'g] eof] . bf];|f] k9fO pRrf/0f u/]kl5 cfkm\gf]
af]nL cfkm}n] ;'Gbf x'g] eof] . ;:j/ k9\bf olb unt pRrf/0f ul/of]
eg] cfkm}n] k9]sf] ;'g]/ ;Rofpg] cj;/ y'k|} cfpF5g\ . To;}n] ;:j/
k7gn] k9fO cEof; lgs} /fd|f] x'g] u5{ . ;fgf sIffsf
afnaflnsfnfO{ ;:j/ k9\g k|]l/t ug]{ / cleefjsn] pgLx?n] k9]sf]
;'lglbg'kg]{ eGg'sf] d'Vo sf/0f klg k9fO ;Lk ;'wf/ g} xf] .
cGtdf,;'?jftL cj:yfdf afnaflnsfn] j0f{, dfqf 7x/ØfP/ k9\g] afgLsf]
ljsf; ug]{ jftfj/0f ldnfOlbg'k5{ . b]v]sf zAbx? afnaflnsfn] t:jL/
k9] h;/L k9\g] ug{ ;S5g\ . afnaflnsfsf] lj;°]tg Ifdtf -l8sf]l8ª
cljln6L_ a9fpg jf hfFRg pgLx?nfO{ pgLx?n] gb]v]sf zAb lbP/
pRrf/0f ug{ nufpFbf /fd|f] x'G5 . o;sf nflu afnaflnsfnfO{ pgLx?n]
gb]v]sf zAb k9\g lbg] ug{'k5{ . sIff !— # sf afnaflnsfsf] k|f/lDes
sIff k9fO ;Lk k/LIf0f- cnL{ u|]8 l/l8ª c;]:d]G6— Pu|f_ df afnaflnsfsf]
lj;°]tg Ifdtf dfkg ug{sf nflu lg/y{s zAb pRrf/0f pksfo{ /flvPsf]
x'G5 .
;fgf] sIffdf z'4l;t l56f]l56f] k9\g] cEof;n] afnaflnsfsf] jf0fL
ljsf;sf r/0fdf x'g] lqmofsnfkdf tLj|tf cfpF5 . o;n] pgLx?df gj
k|jt{gfTds ;f]rsf] ljsf; x'g], tTsfn plrt k|ltlqmof lbg] -k|To'TkGg
dlt_ Ifdtfsf] ljsf; tyf j[l4 x'G5 .
/fli6«o k|f/lDes sIff k9fO sfo{qmd ;~rfng ePsf] kfFr jif{ k"/f ePsf]
5 . xfn;Dd #) lhNnfdf nfu" eO;s]sf] of] sfo{qmdsf] dWofjlw
d"Nof°gn] ;du|df of] sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L /x]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 . cf};tdf
k/LIf0fsf] glthf ;sf/fTds b]lvP klg s]xL hNbfaNbf d'2fx? klg
k/LIf0fn] cf}FnfPsf] 5 .
g]kfnL efiffafx]ssf dft[efiff x'g] afnaflnsfsf] k9fO sdhf]/ b]lvPsf] 5 .
of] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu :yfgLo dft[efiff hfGg] a'‰g] k/LIfs /fv]/
k/LIf0f ug]{ cEof; ePsf] 5 . t/ klg o;df vf;} ;'wf/ cfPsf] 5}g .
oxfF dggLo s'/f s] 5 eg] tL g]kfnL efiff dft[efiff gePsf afnaflnsfn]
j0f{ pRrf/0f, zAb pRrf/0f ug{] lqmofsnfkdf klg lgs} sdhf]/ b]lvPsf
5g\ . k7g af]w sdhf]/ x'g' bf];|f] efiffsf sf/0fn] :jefljs dfGg
;lsGYof] . pRrf/0fsf] xb;Dd t dft[efiffsf sf/0fn] olt 7"nf] ;d:of
gcfpg'kg]{ xf] . o;n] s] b]vfpF5 eg] tL afnaflnsfx? lzIf0f
lqmofsnfks} sdhf]/Lsf sf/0fn] ;d:ofdf 5g\ . Pp6f ;fgf] pbfx/0f
lnpmF . ?kGb]xL, slknj:t', gjnk/f;L If]qsf afnaflnsfn] ª sf]
pRrf/0f cª\ª egL u5{g\ . o:tf ;'wf/of]Uo s'/f y'k|} 5g\ . of] ;'wf/
lzIfsaf6} x'g'k5{ .
glrg]sf k/LIfsl;t ;fgf afnaflnsf /fd|/L v'n]/ gaf]Ng] ;d:ofnfO{
;Daf]wg ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . xfd|f ljBfnodf cltly lzIfs k|of]u u/L
k7gkf7g ug]{ k|rng 5Fb}5}g eGbf klg x'G5 . To;}n] afnaflnsfn]
kf7gkf7g ;Gbe{df s'g} glrg]sf] JolQml;t v'Ng] ;+:sf/ aGg ;s]sf] 5}g .
glrg]sf k/LIfs k/LIf0f ug{ hfFbf afnaflnsfx? hfg]sf] s'/f klg af]Ng
lxlRsrfpF5g\ . clxn] ljBfnodf :yfgLo kf7Øqmd lgdf{0f tyf
sfof{Gjogsf] ;Gbe{ 5 . o;df :yfgLo ljifo lj1nfO{ sIffdf ;xhstf{sf
?kdf k|of]u ug]{ ul/of] eg] aflx/L JolQml;t bs; dfGg], dg vf]n]/ af]Ng
ufx|f] x'g] ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g] cfzf ug{ ;lsG5 .
afnaflnsfsf] b[li6 Ifdtf, >j0f Ifdtf / ;':t dfgl;s Ifdtfsf lx;fan]
pgLx?df ljleGg km/s Ifdtf x'G5 . t/ o; /fli6«o sfo{qmdn] o:tf
km/s Ifdtf ePsf afnaflnsfnfO{ k9\gsf nflu kf7Ø;fdu|L pTkfbg tyf
ljsf; / tL km/s Ifdtf ePsf afnaflnsf d}qL k/LIf0fsf] Joj:yf ug{
cem} ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . casf lbgdf tL afnaflnsfsf] k9fO ;Lk ljsf;sf
nflu ;xL ;Daf]wg x'g] u/L kf7Ø;fdu|L, lzIf0f lqmofsnfk / k/LIf0fsf
sfo{qmdsf] of]hgf th{'df ug{' cfjZos 5 .
/fli6«o k|f/lDes sIff k9fO sfo{qmdnfO{ cfufdL jif{x?df s;/L n}hfg] egL
sfo{qmd b:tfj]h kl/dfh{g ug]{ qmddf /x]sf] 5 . o; qmddf /fli6«o
k|f/lDes sIff k9fO sfo{qmd- g]zgn cnL{ u|]8 l/l8ª k|f]u|fd_sf] gfd
kl/jt{g u/L /fli6«o k|f/lDes sIff l;sfO sfo{qmd -g]zgn cnL{ u|]8
nlg{ª k|f]u|fd_ agfpg] ts{ klg cfPsf 5g\ . s'g} klg sfo{qmd To;sf]
sfdn] k|efjsf/L x'g] xf] . To;}n] ljut kfFr jif{;Dd :yflkt eO;s]sf]
gfdnfO{ gkm]/L sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg b:tfj]hsf cGt/j:t'
kl/dfh{g ug{' plrt x'g]5 . Wjlg ;r]tLs/0fnufotsf k7g tÎjsf] s'/f
ubf{, ljZjJofkL ?kdf :yflkt k/LIf0f Pu|f h:tf k/LIf0fn] klg xfdLn] gfd
km]bf{ ef]lnsf lbgdf xfd|f] sfo{qmd kl/eflift ug{] emGem6n] k5ØfO/xg]5 .
zAbsf] s'g} a]nf cy{ lj:tf/ x'G5, s'g} ;dodf cy{ ;ª\s'rg x'G5 .
clxn] Olhcf/kLnfO{ cy{ lj:tf/sf] lx;fan] a'emL OlhPn\kLlt/ ghfg' g}
>]o:s/ x'g]5 .
)))
;ft} /Ë geO{ OGb]|gL sxfF aG5 / <
 u0f]z 1jfnL
yf]uf{, u'NdL
xfn M dLgejg, sf7df8f}+ -k"j{ ;x;lrj, g]kfn ;/sf/_
æd sfnLu08sL glhssf] lgjf;L . ;fgf] 5Fbf xfd|f] ufpFaf6 sfnLsf]
kfl/tk{m a:g]x?nfO{ dfq …sfnLkf/]Ú eGg] u/]sf] a'em]sf] lyPF . kl5 a'em]+,
pgLx?n] klg xfdLnfO{ …sfnLkf/]Ú eGbf /x]5g\ . Æ oL x/kmx? lj=;+=@)^)
df k|sflzt d]/f] cfkm\g} lgaGw–;ª\u|x æof] kfgL s:tf] a]OdfgLÆaf6 6kSs
l6k]/ oxfF n]vgLnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] oTg ub}{5' .
xf], …sfnLkf/]Ú . o; zAbn] dnfO{ oltv]/ jl/i7 uflosf tf/fb]jLn] ufPsf]
…sfnLkf/] bfO slt /fd|f], 9fsf 6f]kL sfFw}df unaGbLÚ eGg] nf]suLtsf]
;+emgf u/fO/x]sf] 5 . ;fFRr} Tof] /fd|f] bfO otfaf6 b]lvg] bfO xf]nf ls
ptfaf6 b]lvg] bfO < d}n] 5'§fpg ;s]sf] 5}g . dnfO{ ljZjf; 5, gbLsf]
Psflt/sf /fd|f a:g] / csf{lt/sf g/fd|f a:g] eGg] x'Fb}g . cyjf o;f]
egf}+, sfnL u08sL jfl/kfl/ b'a}lt/ /fd|} dfG5]sf] a;f]af; 5 . oxfFsf dfG5]
;do–;dodf sfnLdf 8'a'NsL df/]sf 5g\ . oxfFsf dfG5]sf] ;f}Gbo{df
sfnLsf] s'g} e"ldsf 5 eg] ;sf/fTds e"ldsf dfq} 5 .
sfnLsf] e"ldsfs} s'/f ubf{ xfdL pgLnfO{ tF eGb}gf}+, ltdL eG5f}+ . ToxfF
aUg]nfO{ kfgL eGb}gf}+, hn eG5f}+ . sfnLsf] kljqtfdf xfdL ljZjf; u5f}{+ .
zflnu|fd ue{df /fVg] Psdfq gbL xfd|} sfnL dfq x'g\ . pgL 7"nL 5g\,
To;}n] xfdL vf]nf eGb}gf}+, gbL eG5f}+ . dnfO{ yfxf 5}g, vf]nf / gbLdf s]
kfy{So x'G5 . gbL 7"nf] x'G5 . gbL kljq x'G5 . lxGb" ;+:sf/df d[tssf]
;t\ut\sf nflu gbL /f]lhG5 . gbL ulx/f] x'G5 . k}bn tg{ ;lsGg .
afNosfnb]lv ;'g]sf], a'em]sf] o:t}–o:t} xf] . oBlk kljqtfsf nflu To;sf]
d'xfgsf] cl:tTj / cf:yfn] klg cx+ e"ldsf v]n]sf] x'G5 . cyf{t\ vf]nfsf]
;fk]Iftfdf ljzfntf / kljqtfsf] csf]{ gfd gbL xf] .
gbL 7"nf] x'G5 . 7"nf] gbL x'G5 . c? ;fgf 5g\ / t pm 7"nf] 5 . ;fgf
ge}lbP 7"nf] eGg] g} x'Fb}gYof] . log} ;fgfnfO{ xfdL vf]nf eGg] u5f}+{ . vf]nf
;fgf 5g\ t/ logn] xfd|f] b}lgsL;Fu cToGt ;flGgWo /fVb5g\ . gbLdf
k'Ug'cl3 g} pgLx?df xfd|f] an]gL -an]+;L_ sf] kfgL ldl;Psf] 5 . xfd|f]
kFw]/fsf] kfgL ldl;Psf] 5 . xfd|} s'nf]–s'n];f]sf] kfgL ldl;Psf] 5 . xfd|}
kxf8sf kx/faf6 km'6]sf d"nsf] kfgL ldl;Psf] 5 . cem o;f] egf}+ xfd|f]
cfTdLotf ldl;Psf] 5 . xfdLn] xft d'v wf]Psf] kfgL klg o;sf] ;|f]t xf] .
xfd|} v]t–af/L lehfpFb} hfg] en klg o;sf] ;|f]t xf] . xfdLn] v]t–af/Ldf
hlt;'s} /f]Sg vf]hf}F, cGttM pm vf]nfdf k'luxfN5 . p;sf] nIo vf]nfdf
ldl;g' xf] . vf]nfsf] nIo gbLdf ldl;g' xf] . gbLsf] nIo ;d'b|df ldl;g'
xf] . t/ p;n] xfdLnfO{ w]/} lbP/ hfG5 . p;nfO{ xfdLn] xfd}| jl/kl/ hlt
cNdNofpg ;Sof}F plt g} w]/} lbP/ hfG5 . vf]nfn] cfkm\gf] cfsf/ glnb}
xfd|f] hghLjgnfO{ rnfodfg agfP/ hfG5 . xfd|f] z/L/nfO{ k'i6 /
cfTdfnfO{ t[Kt agfP/ dfq cf]x|fnf] nfU5 . cGttM pm gbLdf ldl;G5 .
gbL ;d'b|df ldl;G5 . xf], hfg t sf] hfFb}g / cfPkl5 < t/ pm xfdLnfO{
;a} lbP/ dfq hfG5 . oxL csf6\o ctL{;d]t xfdLnfO{ lbP/ hfG5 .
lbg]nfO{ xfdL bfgL eG5f}+ . ;fdfGotM bfgdf :jfy{ x'Fb}g / x'g'x'Fb}g klg .
t/ s;n] s] lbG5 / s;/L lbG5, To;sf] cfkm\g} rl/q x'G5 . 7"nfn] 7"n}
lbG5 . ;fgfn] ;fg} lbG5 . 7"nfaf6 lng 7"n} ;dk{0f rflxG5 . ;fgfaf6
lng ;fg} kl/>dn] k'U5 . ;fgfn] lbg] ;–;fgf s'/f b}lgsLsf nflu clt
vfFrf] kg]{ vfnsf x'G5g\ . 7"nfn] lbg] 7"nf s'/f vfFrf] 6fg]{eGbf dflyNnf],
cem ;d'Ggt hLjgsf nflu x'G5g\ . xf], 7"nf dflgPsf gbLn] lbg] s'/f
leGg 5g\ eg] ;fgf elgPsf vf]nfn] lbg] s'/f klg leGg 5g\ . gbLaf6
lng sl7g 5 eg] vf]nfaf6 lng ;/n . gbLaf6 lng p;n] ck]Iffs[t
clwstd ;fwg, ;|f]t / k|ljlwsf] dfu ub{5 . vf]nfaf6 lng p;n] :yfgLo
;|f]t, ;fwg, ;Lk / ;dk{0fsf] ;+o'Qm ;fy vf]Hb5 . xfdLn] xfd|} sfnL
u08sL / ToxL ;]/f]–km]/f]sf vf]nftkm{ gh/ 3'dfpFm t, d}n] clxn];Dd
sfnLnfO{ s'NofP/ kmfF6df k'/ØfPsf] b]v]sf] 5}g . 6f/LnfO{ u}/Lv]t agfPsf]
b]v]sf] 5}g . xfd|} sfnL dfq lsg, ;]tL, sf]zL, s0ff{nL s;}nfO{ klg
s'Nofpg] cfF6 xfd|f] h:tf] lgjf{xd'vL v]tL ug]{ ls;fg ;d'bfosf nflu
sNkgftLt x'G5 . lognfO{ s'nf]n] x}g, afFwn] 5]Sg'k5{ . Aof/]hn] /f]Sg'
k5{ . clg o;/L /f]lsPsf] s'nf] x'Fb}g, gx/ x'G5 . xfdLn] t oxfF s'nf]sf]
s'/f ub}{5f}+ hf] vf]nfaf6 u/fdf k'U5 . ToxLF km'N5 . ToxL+ kmN5 . ToxL
kmn unfdf k'U5 / r]x/fdf km'N5 . xf], vf]nf r]x/fdf ;fgGb v'N5 .
xfd|f]lt/ klg o:tf km'nfpg], kmnfpg] / v'nfpg] l/8L vf]nf, vHof{ª vf]nf,
tfn vf]nf, pNnL vf]nf, 5NbL vf]nf, kgfxf vf]nf, lg:bL vf]nf, a8Luf8
vf]nf h:tf s]xL 7"nf / s}of}+ ;;fgf vf]nfx? lg/Gt/ k|jflxt 5g\ .
oxfFlg/ Pp6f ;Defljt v'Nb'nL vf]nf}+ . xfd|f]lt/sf gbLeGbf ;fgf c? ;a}
vf]nfx?sf] gfdsf k5fl8 vf]nf g} elgG5, h:t} l/8L vf]nf, pNnL vf]nf,
5NbL vf]nf a8Luf8 vf]nf cflb, t/ a8Luf8nfO{ uf8 elg;s]kl5 vf]nf
eGg' gkg]{ xf], lsgls xfd|f]eGbf klZrdlt/ gbLeGbf s]xL ;fgf vf]nfnfO{
uf8 eGg] ul/G5, h:t}M gnl;ªuf8, ?s'duf8, gfouf8, ;'nLuf8,cflb .
a8Luf8sf] d'xfg klg 9f]/kf6g hf] u'NdL, afUn'ª / ?s'dsf] l;dfgf If]qdf
k5{, ToxfFsf] kfgL9nf]af6 otflt/ aUg] ePsf]n] g} ptfsf] l;sf] ub}{ uf8
klg elgPsf] xf] ls < ;f]xL kfgL9nf]af6 ptf ?s'dtkm{ aUg] a8Luf8eGbf
klg s]xL 7"nf] cyf{t\ gbL ePsf]n] xf]nf ;fgL e]/L÷pQ/uËf gfdn] kl/lrt
5 . h] xf];\, oL vf]nfx? ls;fgs} rfxgfdf, ls;fgs} lxtdf alu/xG5g\
hg–hLljsfsfnflu cToGt pkof]uL aGb}, hLjg–k|jfxsf qmddf ;j{yf
;fy{s aGb} .
kfgLsf] pkof]u t xfd|f nflu h'g;'s} ?kdf klg ePsf] x'G5 . avf{sf
enx? yf]/} ;dosf nflu cfpF5g\ / klg kfvf–kv]/fnfO{ /l;nf] /
r]x/fnfO{ xFl;nf] kf/]/ hfG5g\ . o:tf en–e]nx? vf]nfdf ;dflxt x'G5g\ .
vf]nfx? gbLdf lgaf{w ldl;G5g\ . gbLn] vf]nfx?nfO{ cfkm"df ;dflxt
x'gaf6 c:jLsf/ ub}{g . gbLsf] ljzfntfnfO{ cfsf/ lbg vf]nfx?n] g}
;3fpF5g\ . ;–;fgf vf]nfx?nfO{ cFufnf]df ;dflxt u/]/ g} t gbL 7"nf]
ePsf] xf] . ;DejtM To;}n] a9L ;Dk"Ho ePsf] xf] ls < s'jf oyfl:yltsf]
lrgf/L xf] eg] aUg' cu|ultsf] . en–e]n–s'nf] gx/–gbL ;a} ;w} ultzLn
x'G5g\ . pmhf{sf] csf]{ gfd ultzLntf xf] . ultzLntfn] ;w} gofF lIflth
vf]lh/x]sf] x'G5, ultzLn dfG5] ljrf/, lrGtg, ;f]Fr / sd{n] ;w} pmhf{jfg\
/x]em}F . xf], o;/L ljzfntfsf] / ultzLntfsf] lrgf/L kfPsf] gbLn] xfdLnfO{
lbg] s'/f klg cfsf/cg'?k 7"n} x'G5 . 7"nfn] 7"n} s'/f lbG5 . 7"nf] s'/f
lng 7"n} ;°Nk ug'{k5{ dg, jrg / sd{n] . 7"n} ;dk{0f ug'{k5{ a'l4sf],
ljj]ssf] / as{tsf] . o;}af6 pTkflbt ljB't\sf k|ltkmn t x'g\ cFw]/f]df
dem]/L / cfFug ph]lng', vf]nfsf] kfgL 8fF8fsfF8f k'Ug', lbge/sf] sfd
l5ge/df ;lsg' . o;}sf k|flKt t x'g\ sf/vfgfsf] dfWodn] xfd|f] ;d'Ggt
hLjgsf nflu vfFrf] kg]{ ;a} s'/f 7"n} kl/df0fdf pknAw x'g' . o;/L x]bf{
o;f] eGg' plrt xf]nf, gbLn] lah'nLsf] dfWodaf6 xfd|f] ;d'Ggt / cem
;'vL hLjgsf nflu Hof]T:gf 5l//x]sf] x'G5 . log} s'/fsf k|ltlaDax? xfd|f]
;dfhdf klg b]lvG5g\ . gbL / vf]nfsf] rl/qsf] cg';/0f xfd|} hLjg
hut\df klg au|]NtL e]l6G5g\ .
o; k[i7e"lddf klg 7"nf;Fu x'g] ;fgf]sf] ;flGgWonfO{ 5'6fpg ;lsb}g .
7"nf sf/vfgfn] sk8f agfpF5g\ t/ ToxfF k|o'Qm wfuf] ls;fgs} v]taf/Ldf
/ pgLx?s} >daf6 pAhg] skf;af6 g} t aGg] xf] . ToxL sk8fnfO{ klg
xfd|f] /f]hfO / cfsf/cg';f/ l;nfpg] klg xfd|} ufpFsf] ;"rLsf/n] g} t xf] .
cyjf o;f] egf}F, sk8f 7"nf] cfsf/ xf], h;nfO{ sf/vfgfn] agfpF5 .
xfdLn] nufpg] n'uf ;fgf x'g\, h;nfO{ ;"rLsf/n] xfd|f] /mlr / cfsf/
cg';f/ lz/sf nflu xf];\ ls z/L/sf nflu, kfpsf nflu xf];\ ls k~hfsf
nflu, j/sf nflu xf];\ ls jw"sf nflu, j[4sf nflu xf];\ ls afnssf
nflu To:t} To:t} :j?kdf agfOlbG5g\ . 3fdsf] /fkaf6 zLtntf kfpg
xf];\ jf lr;f]sf] l;/]6f]af6 Gofgf] kfpg xf];\ log} :yfgLo ;"rLsf/sf]
cfTdLo ;Lkn] g} xfdL ;a}sf] dg lht]sf] x'G5 .
vfln kfOtfnfn] lx8\g' eg]sf] hf8f]df lr;f]n] r/r/L v'§f km'6fpg] lgDtf
xf] eg] udL{df tftf]n] kmf]sf kfg]{ . o;sf] k|lt/Iffdf k|o'Qm x'g] k/Dk/fut
sRrf kbfy{ d[tkz'sf] 5fnf xf], hf] h'Qfsf] Joj;fo ug]{sf nflu vfFrf]
k5{ . c? sfdsf nflu cfjZos gx'g] Pj+ jftfj/0f g} k|b"lift agfpg] t/
h'Qfsf nflu rflxg] 5fnfaf6} h'Qf agfpg] sfd x'GYof] / To; k]zfsf]
k/Dk/fut bIftf rd{sf/df x'GYof] . oBlk clxn] Tof] ;do ljut eO;s]sf]
5 . o;/L sRrf kbfy{df klg ljljwtf cfPsf] 5 eg] k]zfsdL{df klg .
kmnfds} s'/f ubf{ klg kxf8–kx/faf6 lgsflnPsf] sRrf kbfy{nfO{
hLjgf]kof]uL kmnfd agfpg ToxL gbLaf6 lgsflnPsf] ljB't\–pmhf{ geO{
x'Fb}g . t/ Tof] kmnfd xfd|f]nflu eg] sRrf kbfy{dfq xf] . To;nfO{ xfd|f]
vfFrf]cg';f/sf] cfsf/ lbg t xfd|} 3/–cfFugsf] cf/g / alnof kfv'/f g}
rflxG5 . kmfnL xf];\ jf km?jf, xFl;of xf];\ jf xfS;f], r'n];L xf];\ jf
lrD6f, s/f}FtL xf];\ jf sf]bfnf] xfd|} ufpFsf ljZjsdf{n] agfpF5g\ / k'gM wf/
nufpg k/] chf{K5g\ klg . pgLx?sf] ;Lk ljgf kmnfdsf] s'g} cf}hf/
;Dej g} x'Fb}g . cyjf o;f] egf}+ u[x:yLsf] b}lgsL 7Kk x'G5 .
;'gsf uxgfn] 5kSs l;Fufl/P/ ;'Gb/tfsf] cg'e"lt u/fpg :j0f{sf/sf] slt
of]ubfg x'G5, elg/xg k/f]Og . oBlk ;'Gb/tfsf] af]qmf] kIf / u'bL kIfsf]
ul/dfsf ;DaGwdf cf–cfkm\g} ts{ /x]sf 5g\ / o;df a]Un} ax; x'g
;S5 . h] xf];\ ;'gnfO{ lz/km"n agfpg] ls kfph", unfdf ;hfpg ls
xftdf nufpg, cf}Fnfsf] cf}F7L ls sDd/sf] s6L, oL ;a} :j0f{sf/sf ldlxg
lzNksf kl/0flt x'g\ eGg] s'/fdf låljwf 5}g . o;df snfTds ;f]Fr ePsf
To:tf :j0f{sf/sf] snfs[lt g} uxgfsf ?kdf k|s6Ls[t ePsf] x'G5 . o:tf
snfs[ltsf cfsf/–k|sf/ / ljljwtf x]g{ tLh h:tf rf8kj{df r]nLa]6Lsf]
hd36 ePsf] 7fpFdf uP k'U5 . t/ o;sf] k|flKtsf] s'/f eg] s]xL leGg
5 . ;'g h:tf] ax'd"No wft'sf] rrf{ ubf{ ;'netf / b'n{etfsf] s'/f;Fu
hf]l8g k'lu+bf] /x]5 .
;'netf / b'n{etfs} t/fh'n] tf}lng] / tbg'?k Jojxf/ ug]{ ;flassf]
;fdflhs rfn–rngsf] k[i7e"ldnfO{ la;{g' PsfËL x'g ;S5 . dfly pNn]v
ul/Psf ;dfhnfO{ b}glGbg geO{ gx'g] j:t'x?—tL cf}hf/ x'g\ jf uxgf,
sk8f x'g\ jf h'Qf—agfpg] sfd ug]{ tL k]zfsdL{nfO{ tTsfnLg ;dfhn] x]g]{
b[li6sf]0f ;°L0f{ / TofHo /x]sf] s'/fsf] k'i6\ofO{F clxn] tL k]zfdf cGo
;d'bfox?sf] a9\bf] cfsif{0fn] g} lbO/x]sf] 5 . ;DejtM dfgjLo :jefj g}
o:tf] ag]5 ls ;lhn} kfOg] / ldlxg]tk"j{s kfOg] j:t'sf aLr lje]b
x'Fbf]/x]5 . ;:tf] / dxFuf]sf] klg s'/f p7\bf]/x]5 . slyt 7"nf] / ;fgf]aLr
ul/g] Jojxf/sf] klg x]Ssf x'Fbf]/x]5 . lzlIft–clzlIft, wgL–u/Lah:tf
s'/fn] klg Wofg lvRbf]/x]5 . ;Ddfgk"j{s / ;fdfGosf ?kdf u|x0f ul/g]
rl/q klg b]lv+bf]/x]5 .
k|fs[lts s'/fx? To;sf cfsf/÷:j?kn] ;fgf–7"nf xf]nfg\ t/ dfG5] ;fgf]–
7"nf] ;Lkn] x'G5 . h'ga]nf h:tf] ;Lksf] vfFrf] k5{ To;a]nf To;}sf] dxQf
a9L x'G5 / Tof] 7"nf] dflgG5 . 3g–l5gf]n] lk6\b}df sxfF ;a}n] 9'ËfnfO{
Bf}tf agfpg ;S5g\ / < kfgLsf] e]nn] au/df 9'Ëf u'8fpFb}df sxfF ;a}
gbLn] zflnu|fd agfpg ;S5g\ / < zflnu|fd agfpg xfd|} sfnL u08sL
rflxP´}F dfG5]nfO{, ;dfhnfO{, ;fdflhs ;+/rgfnfO{ x/]s If0f s'g} g s'g}
lzNksf/sf], 1fgLsf], lj1fgLsf], kl/>dLsf] vfFrf] kl//x]s} x'G5 . Tolta]nf
Tof] 7"nf] dflgG5 hlta]nf p;sf] vfFrf] k5{ . cyjf o;f] egf}+, ;dfhdf
;a} lgdf{0f÷lgdf{tf ;Dk"Ho 5g\ / ;don] To;nfO{ :jo+ af]nfpF5—cflv/
wtL{sf ;a} ;+/rgf s]xL g s]xL pksf/ gu/L sxfF To;} lanfPsf 5g\ / <
xfd|f] c1fgn] klxrfgdf cGof]n b]lvPsf] dfq g xf], ha Jofjxfl/s 1fgsf
9f]sfx? pl3|+b} hfG5g\ tL c1fgsf cFw]/f :jefjx? qmdzM gfl;b}
hfG5g\ .
xf], :jefj . xfdL dfG5]sf :jefj ljljw x'Fbf /x]5g\ / t log} s'/fsf]
k|ltjDa xfd|f] ;dfhdf b]lvG5 . gbL 7"nf] x'G5, To;}n] k"hf u5f}{+ . …o;n]
s'g} 7"n} clgi6 -wfld{s÷k|fs[lts_ u5{ lsÚ eGg] qf;n] . ;'g b'n{e x'G5,
To;}n] a9L d"Nodf lsG5f}F / ;ª\u|x ug{ a9L pTk|]l/t x'G5f}F,…kl5 kfOGg lsÚ
eGg] lk/nf]n] . cfkm"eGbf 7"nfnfO{ s]xL lbgk/] 7"n}÷w]/} lbG5f}F, …olt
;fgf]÷olt yf]/} s;/L lbg'Úsf] cK7]/f]n] . oL cfFvfx? klg 5f]lkPsf s'/f
x]g{ cem a9L nfnflot x'G5g\, pT;'stfsf] lrdf]6\ofOn] . lsg xfdLnfO{
b'n{e t/ sd pkof]uL s'/fdf df]x < lsg b}glGbg rflxg]eGbf geP klg
x'g] s'/fdf df]x < lsg ;w} rflxg] kmnfdeGbf slxn]sfxL+ rflxg]÷geP klg
x'g] ;'gdf df]x < xfd|f cfkm\g} jfBoGqx? d'r'{Ëf agfpg] x'g\ jf dfbn,
;f/ËL agfpg] x'g\ jf ahfpg],;'vdf /dfpg xf];\ jf b'Mvdf dg axnfpg
;w} lqmofzLn /xg]x?,pgLx? lsg ;'v–b'Mvsf ;fyLx? aGg ;s]gg\ <
;w} rflxg] tL JolQmx? lsg ;d–Jojxf/sf kfq dflgg ;s]gg\ <
k/Dk/fut >d, ;Lk / snf xfd|f gf:g gx'g] ;Dkbf x'g\ . o:tf uf}/j
ug'{kg]{ sfo{df klg lsg s~h':ofO{+ b]vfOG5 < ;fob xfdLn] a'em]gf}F ls
hltv]/ klg xfdLnfO{ rflxg] ltgsf] d"No < xfdLx?df lsg cfPg
;fgfx?n] g} agfpg] xf] 7"nfnfO{ eGg] cGtZr]tgf < xfd|f k/fk"j{sfnb]lv
k|rlnt /xg–;xg, rfn–rng, ;fF:s[lts k/Dk/f, rf8–kj{ cflbsf
ljljwtfleq /x]sf ;'lsnf kIfx?sf] vf]h gu/L lsg lgGbf÷k|z+;fdf dfq}
xfdL ;do latfpF5f}+ < Ps} k|hfltsf k"mnx? ePsf] au}+rfeGbf ljljw
k|hfltsf 9sdSs k"mnx? ePsf] au}+rf cem ;'Gb/td x'Fb}g / <lsg x'g
;s]g ;dfh klg OGb]|gL h:t} xf] eGg] cfTdaf]w < ;fgf–7"nf rfx] k|fs[lts
xf]pg\ jf ef}lts jf dfgjLo ;a}sf] cf–cfkm\g} cl:tTj 5, of]ubfg 5 .
)))
zxLbsf] ;Demgf
 lznf kGt
sfnf]k'n, l;kmn, sf7df8f}+
zxLbsf ;kgfx?n] cem} k"0f{tf kfPsf 5}gg\
xfd|f ufpF 3/sf leQfx?df
zxLbsf /utsf l5sf{x?
cem} ;'s]sf 5}gg\
xfd|f] b]zsf s'gf sGb/fdf
h'g ult lng'kYof]{ lng ;s]sf] 5}g
k|hftGqsf nflu n8\g] of]4fx?n]
cem zflGtn] lj>fd lng kfPsf 5}gg\
xfdLn] Oltxf;df k9]sf 5f}+
cfkm\gf] Hofgsf] afhL nufP/
s;} ;fd' lz/ gem'sfO{
b]zsf nflu ;dlk{t ePsf lyP .
gla;{ x] g]kfn cfdfsf ;k"tx?
k|To]s ufF;, ;f; / d'6'sf] rfndf
/ut au]sf] 5 zxLbsf]
;kgf ;h]sf] 5 zxLbsf] .
x] g]kfnL xf] ;Dem x}
zxLbsf] Tofu / alnbfg Tof]
k|hftGqsf] nflu n8\g]
z'qm/fh, wd{eQm, u+ufnfn / bz/y rGb Tof] .
)))
dlxnf /fHo
 s[i0f ahufO{+
xfn M a]nfot
Pglhcf]sf] k|fof]hg / ;+e|fGt h:tf b]lvg] s6\6/kGyL km]ldlgi6x?sf]
cu'jfOdf tf/] xf]6]ndf dlxnf e]nfsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . To; e]nfdf
dlxnfnfO{ k'/mifn] dfq xf]Og /fHon] ;d]t u/]sf] lje]bsf af/]df ax;
rNof] . dlxnf lx+;f / anfTsf/b]lv cfkm\gf] z/L/ cfkm\gf] dhL{ ug{ gkfPsf]
ljifodf s'/f p7\of] .
pQm e]nfn] cnUu} dlxnf /fHosf] dfu ug]{ lg0f{o u/Øf] . To; /fHodf
k'/mifx?nfO{ k|j]z lgif]w x'g] / ToxfF hfg' kg]{ eP ltgn] clgjfo{ le;f lng'
kg]{ s'/fn] ;xefuL dlxnfx? k|efljt eP .
dlxnf zfl;t /fHodf /fi6«k|d'v, ;]gf, k|x/L, GofowLznufot ztk|ltzt
;a} kbdf dlxnf dfq x'g] x'gfn] lje]b gx'g] s'/fdf ;xefuLx? ljZj:t
b]lvP . k'/mifx? gePsf] /fHodf dlxnfx?nfO{ k"0f{ :jtGqtf k|fKt x'g],
k'/mifsf] zf;gaf6 d'lQm kfOg] / 3/]n' lx+;f, anfTsf/ h:tf oftgf ef]Ug'
gkg]{ s'/f ;'Gg] lalQs} k'/mifaf6 kLl8t dlxnfx?n] lgs} a]/ yk8L ahfP/
v';L JoQm u/] .
…s'/f t 7Ls} xf] t/ xfdLnfO{ cfdf aGg dg nfUnf . cfdf ePkl5 dfq k"0f{
gf/L eOG5 . To;sf nflu km]l/ k'/mifs} cfjZostf kb{5 .Ú Pp6L dlxnfn]
uDeL/ k|Zg p7fOg\ . cfof]hsdWo]sL Ps km]ldlgi6n] elgg\–…xfd|f] dlxnf
/fHo ;+;f/d} gePsf] pQ/cfw'lgs /fHo x'g]5 . o; /fHodf cfdf aGg
rfxg] dlxnfsf] :jtGqtfnfO{ ;Ddfg ul/g]5 . To;sf nflu k'/mif;Fu ;+;u{
gu/L aRrf hGdfpg ;lsg] ;'ljwf pknAw u/fOg]5 .Ú
…s;/L <Ú ;xefuL dlxnfn] ;f]lwg\ . …To;sf nflu pGgt hftsf] jLo{
cfoft ul/g]5 . To;nfO{ k|ljlwsf] dfWodn] l;w} dlxnfsf] kf7]3/df
/flvg]5 . / aRrf x'g]5 . d}n] klg k'/mif;Fu ;+;u{ gu/L To;/L g} aRrf
hGdfPsL x'F . Ú tL km]ldlgi6n] k|i6\ofOg\ . pgsf] s'/f ;xefuL dlxnfx?n]
kTofP . km]l/ tfnLsf] u8u8fx6 ;'lgof] . …5f]/L hGd] t 7Ls} 5, t/ 5f]/f
hlGdof] eg] lg <Ú ;xefuL dlxnfn] csf]{ k|Zg ul/g\ .
dlxnfsf] zf;g rln/x]sf] To; sfo{qmd xndf t'?Gt} ;Ggf6fsf] zf;g
;'? eof] .
)))
hLjgsf If0fdf
 gf/b uf}td
a'6jn, ?kGb]xL
ljBf ;Lk snf / pRr k|ltef x'g\ nf]s;Ddflgt .
loGs} ;fws 5g\ cufl8 b'lgofF o:d} 5 cfglGbt . .
oL rf/} u'0f dfgjLo uxgf ug{] u/f}+ wf/0f .
/fv]df Ifdtf eOGg kz' em}+ aG5f}+ c;fwf/0f . .
***
jf0fLsf] dlxdf x'Fb}g lg hxfF cl:tTj g} 5}g lg .
af]n]df klg v]/ hfG5 / s'/f /flvGg jf:tf klg ..
o:tfdf a? df}g a:g' 5 lgsf] Joy{} gvf]nf}+ d'v .
n]vf] 5}g hxfF ToxfF r'k /x] kb{}g lrGtf b'v ..
***
ubf{ sfd eg];dfg gx'Fbf pl7\bG5 tftf] l/; .
Hjfnf] aN5 lbdfuleq s0fdf dfgf}+ hn\of] dflr{; ..
Tof] a]nf t ljj]s sfd glbg] alGbG5 emg\ ;+zo .
;]nfcf];\ / lbdfu lrGtg u/f}+ ldN5g\ ;a} lg0f{o ..
***
hfGg]sf glhs} a;L ukm ;'g] hflgG5 s}of}+ s'/f] .
ub{f k|Zg ldn]/ pQ/ ;xL kfOG5 To:sf] r'/f] ..
ltGsf] ;+utaf6 ldN5 u'0f g} ;NsG5 cfkm"lt/ .
1fgLsf pkb]zn] Åbosf 36\5g\ lg s}of}F lk/ ..
***
/S;L hfF8 / tf; w"t{ l/k' x'g\ loGn] v;fN5g\ tn .
loGsf] ;]jgn] lu/L Ohtdf aG5f}+ ;w} b'a{n ..
hftL x'G5 gkm:g' oL s'ntdf km:bf r'Sof] hLjg .
kflb{G5g\ dlt gi6e|i6 / ;a} l;l4G5 cfkm\gf] wg ..
***
>f]tf 5}g hxfF ToxfF ;'a'emn] s] u5{ jQmf agL <
a'em\g] dflg;sf] cefj 5 eg] Joy{} 5 af]Ng} klg ..
5g\ lh1f;' / a'em\gdf 5 Ifdtf To:tf] cj:yf k/] .
af]n]sf] klg ;f/ x'G5 gh'6] cf]F7} gvf]Ng] u/] ..
***
)))
k':tsfno kl/ro
bfª rf}3]/df P]ltxfl;s k':tsfno

h'g;'s} b'Mvdf xjf];\ ;'vdf, >Lwd{s} gfd hkL
nf]ss} vflt/df snd rln/Xof], si6} cg]sf}+ vkL
‰ofnvfgfdf a:bf, lxdfn r9\bf, 3'Dbf t/fO{dxfF
g]kfnsf] gbL tLy{ vf]hL /rgf, ug'{ePsf] oxfF .
elgG5 cGwsf/n] g} k|sfz lgDTofpF5 . ;d:ofn] g} ;dfwfg NofpF5,
ljklQn] g} ;Dkltsf] åf/f vf]lnlbG5 . o:t} lj8Dagfsf / kL8fsf oL
If0fx?d} of]uL g/x/Lgfysf] cjt/0f ePsf] lyof] .
dWoklZrdf~rn If]q sfnLsf]6 lhNnf nfn' ufpFdf ;Djt !(&! ;fn kmfu'g
!& ut] of]uL g/xl/gfysf] hGd ePsf] lyof] . % jif{sf] pd]/df g} pxfFdf
;fw'sf] efj emlNsGYof]–hfgsf/x? atfpF5g\ . Ps ;dodf rGbggfy
dlGb/df lzbz{gL of]uL l5k|fgfy;Fu sfg lr/f u'/m dGq lnO{ of]u dfu{sf]
lzIff–bLIff lnP/ yk cWoogsf nflu ef/tsf] n'lwofgfdf cjl:yt ;/:jtL
;+:s[t sn]hdf egf{ x'g'ePsf] lyof] . 5fqfjf;df /xL /flqdf cWoog
ug'{kbf{ aQLsf] cefjdf k/L /fqLdf cfkm\gf] k|sfz 5f8\g] hLj h'gls/L
ls/fx? 5f]k]/ cfFvL‰ofnh:tf] sk8fleq h'gls/L ls/f /fv]/ v'nf?kn]
afFwL cUnf] 7fpFdf em'08fO{ pg}sf] Hof]ltaf6 cfPsf] k|sfzdf cfkm\gf] kf7
cWoog u/]/ ef]lnsf] ;d:ofsf] xn ug'{ePsf] syg 5 . a]nfa]nfdf pxfFn]
uLt u'Gu'gfpg'x'GYof] /] –
/fhf vfG5g\ kfG;'kf/L hf]uL vfG5g\ ufFhf
3/af/Ljfnf ;a 3/ hfpnf, d} j}/fuL sfF hf ..
;+:s[t s]nhaf6 :gfts -zf:qL_sf] pkflw k|fKt u/L u'/maf6 cf1f lnO{
sf7df8f}+df cjl:yt >L uf]/Ifkfq b]jtf l;4/Tggfy d7df uxg cf;gu|x0f
ug'{eP5 .
Clif s[lif ldln u5{g\ o1 /fd|f 3/df
;sn s[lif ljsf;} x'G5 ;f/f u/fdf
>'lt / ;'/le kfnL kf/L lko"if jiff{
ljlgdo dlxdfn] x'G5 k[YjL ;xiff{ ..
o:tf] kl/>dL b]zeQm /fi6«jfbL pxfF cfhLjg a|Xdro{j[Q dxfg\ TofuL
of]ulgi7 of]uL x'g'x'GYof] . lj=;+= @)%( r}q !# ut] of]uf>d uf]/Ifgfy d7
d[u:ynLdf a|Xdof]u ;dflw:t x'g'eof] . bfª rf}w]/f l:yt o; uf]/If
/Tggfy k':tsfnodf of]uL g/xl/gfysf ;of}+ dfu{sf cg]sf}+ k':tsx?
5g\ . o; k':tsfnosf] :yfkgf ;j{k|yd @)@# ;fn j}zfvdf /fi6«u'/m of]uL
g/xl/gfysf] g]t[Tjdf ePsf] lyof] . of]uL g/xl/gfyn] Oltxf;, k'/ftÎj,
of]u, cfo'j]{b, efiff cflbsf] ljifodf ljleGg :yfgaf6 k|fKt ug'{ePsf]
1fgnfO{ clen]vLs/0f ug]{ qmddf of] k':tsfnosf] lgdf{0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
pxfFn] g]kfndf o:t} k':tsfno d[u:ynL sf7df8f}+df klg :yfkgf ug'{ePsf]
5 . z'?jftL cj:yfb]lv g} of] k':tsfno ;s'zn /x]sf] b]lvG5 . oxfFnfO{
;xof]u ug]{ lrqsf/ of]uL k|eftgfysf] klg o; k':tsfno / g/xl/gfyn]
;Dkfbg ug'{ePsf u|Gyx?df ljleGg lrqx?sf] b]g 5 . of]uLn] ;Dkfbg,
k|sfzg, cg'jfb /rgf ug'{ePsf u|Gy w]/} 5g\ . ljljw sf/0fjz hL0f{ aGb}
uPsf] cj:ydf /x]sf] o; k':tsfnosf] k'gMlgdf{0f u/L @)&^ df3 !^ ut]
j;Gt k~rdLsf] cj;/ kf/]/ k'gM ;~rfngdf cfPsf] 5 . o; k':tsfnodf
g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns, /fhgLlts, wfld{s kIfsf] Oltxf; af]s]sf u|Gyx? w]/}
dfqfdf /x]sf 5g\ . ljz]if u/L uf]/Ifgfy k/Dk/fsf d"n u|Gyx? oxfF
pknAw 5g\ . g]kfn / ef/tdf klg k|fKt ug{ g;lsPsf gfy of]usf u|Gy
;Dk"0f dfgjdfqsf] nflu pknAw ePsf 5g\ . pxfFn] uf]/Ifgfy u|Gydfnf
k|sfzg ug'{ePsf kfFr ;o &@ k':tsdWo]sf w]/} k':tx? oxfF pknAw 5g\ .
t/ b'Mvsf] ljifo of] 5 ls g]kfndf uf]/Ifgfy k/Dk/fsf u|Gyx? k9\g]
k9fpg] kl/kf6L a;]sf] 5}g . w]/}nfO{ hfgsf/L klg 5}g ls uf]/Ifgfy
eg]sf] s] xf] < / g]kfndf uf]/Ifgfysf] b]g s] 5 eg]/ < uf]/IfgfynfO{
clt/l~ht agfO{sg pxfFåf/f /rgf ul/Psf l;4l;4fGt k4lt, uf]/If
k4lt, gfy k4lt, of]uaLh, of]u ;/fjnL, x7of]u k|bLlksf uf]/If;+lxtf,
:jfTdof]u k|bLk, gfy l;4fGt l8l08o, lzjof]u bk{0f, uf]/Ifof]u d~h/L,
uf]/If pklgifb\, ;"Idj]b, uf]/Ifjfl0f h:tf u|Gysf] cWoog u/L
u'/mk4ltcg';f/ Jojxf/df ptfg{ ;lsg] ePdf xfdL ;a}sf] cfWofTd /

ef}lts hut\sf] dfu{ cToGt} km/flsnf] aGg]5 . Oltxf;sf] ljleGg
sfnv08df o; /fi6«sf] /fhgLlt / wd{gLlt b'a} s'/fnfO{ hf]ufpg] sfo{
uf]/Ifgfyn] ug'{ePsf] 5 . ;+;f/df (( sf]l6 /fhfnfO{ gfyof]u bz{gsf]
bLIffåf/f bLlIft ug]{ sfo{ u/L hutsf lglDt sNof0fsf/L sfo{ klg
uf]/Ifgfyn] ug'{ePsf] 5 . lzjuf]/Ifgfysf s[kfkfq /Tg k/LlIft klg
gfyof]u bLIff k|fKt u/L l;4 /Tggfysf ?kdf hut\df k|Voft x'g'ePsf]
5 . uf]/Ifgfysf] cd[tdo of]ubz{gnfO{ ;flxTodf cg';/0f ug{ ;s]sf]
v08df cfud / lgud b'a} dfu{sf] ;Totf pb\3fl6t x'g]5 . o; uf]/If/Tg
k':tsfnonfO{ gfy ljBf cg';Gwfg s]Gb|sf] ?kdf :yflkt ub}{ n}hfg],
To;sf nflu gfyof]u k/Dk/fsf ;Dk"0f{ u|Gy oxfF pknAw u/fpg] xfd|f]
of]hgf klg 5 . o; k':tsfnonfO{ jt{dfg ;dodf k|fKt ePsf cfw'lgs
;|f]t / ;fwgsf] k|of]u u/L oxfF k|fKt 1fgnfO{ ;+;f/el/ km}nfpg] sfo{ klg
uf]/If/Tg k':tsfnon] cjZo ug]{5 . gfyof]u k/Dk/fsf u|Gy aflx/ ahf/df
cToGt} Go"g kfOG5g\ . / nueu gkfpg] h:t} x'g\ eGbf km/s gknf{ . of]
l:yltnfO{ a'em]/ aflx/ ahf/;Dd o;sf] ;xhLs/0f u/fpg] sfo{nfO{ cufl8
a9fpg] klg xfd|f] of]hgf 5 . xfd|f g]kfnL nf]s;flxTo cWoog ug]{ kl/kf6L
klg cufl8 a9fpg] sfo{ ug'{ clxn]sf] ckl/xfo{ cfjZostf ePsf] 5 .
xfn o; k':tsfnodf g]kfnL, ;+:s[t, lxGbL, c+u|]hL, a+ufnL efiffdf
n]lvPsf u|Gyx? pknAw 5g\ . ljz]if u/L j}lbs ;gftg k4ltsf] 1fg,
pkf;gf, sd{sf08, k|of]ufTds kIfsf] ljifodf a9L k|sfz kfl/Psf k'/fgf
u|Gyx? oxfF /x]sf 5g\ . xfd|f] /fi6« / /fli6«otf;Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ljifosf
u|Gyx? klg oxfF cWoog ug{ kfOG5 . clxn] o; k':tsfnodf Oltxf;
k|sfz efu !, @, #, l;l4l;4fGt k4lt, uf]/If of]u d~h/L, of]u ;/fjnL,
:jfTdof]u k|lbk, gjgfy rf}/f;L, l;4gfy dlxdf, >Lgfy lgTosd{,
rk{6ztsd\, l;4 rl/q, lxdfnL nf]s;flxTo, nIfdL nf]sf]lQm ;+u|x, sd{jL/
kl/ro, lbJo pkb]z, sf]l6xf]d xd/Lsf Ps bfz{lgs, lrGtg h:tf tLg;o
#& k|sf/sf u|Gyx? oxfF cWoogsf nflu pknAw 5g\ . lglZrt ?kdf
oxfF cWoogsf nflu kfNg;Sg'x'g]5 . of] k':tsfno @)&^ df3 !^ ut]
j;Gt k~rdLsf] cj;/ kf/]/ k'gM ;~rfndf cfPsf] 5 . jl/i7 kqsf/
o'j/fh l3ld/] / d7sf d7fwLz b]jgfy of]uLn] kfg;df bLk k|HHjng u/L
k':tsfnosf] z'ef/De ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf uf]/If/Tg k':tsfno
P]ltxfl;s b[li6n] dxÎjk"0f{ ePsf]n] o;sf] hu]gf{ / ljsf;df Wofg lbg'kg]{
h:tf dxÎjk"0f{ wf/0ff /fVg]x?df kqsf/ o'j/fh l3ld/], k|b]z ;f+;b
cd/axfb'/ 8fFuL, 3f]/fxL–!& j8f cWoIf v'zL/fd rf}w/L, ;jf]{bo k':tsfno
3f]/fxLsf cWoIf ;'zLn uf}td, ;+:s[ltljb\ 8f= uf]ljGb cfrfo{, gofF o'uaf]w
b}lgssf ;Dkfbs k|tfk /]UdL x'g'x'GYof] . hL0f{ cj:yfdf /x]sf] k':tsfnosf]
nflu dd{t ;Def/df bz nfv a9L vr{ ePsf] /Tgd7sf n]vfkfn xL/fgfy
of]uLn] :jfut sfo{qmddf hfgsf/L u/fpg'ePsf] lyof] . d7sf e08f/L
nIfdLgfy of]uL lxt}ifLn] sljtf jfrg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . uf]/vgfy j}lbs
u'/ms'nsf ;lrj tf]dgfy of]uLn] ;xhLs/0f / j}lbs j6'sx?n] :jl:t
jfrg u/]sf lyP .
– z+s/ of]uL
-k':tsfno Joj:yfks_, 3f]/fxL, bfª
)))
ls/0f k':tsfnosf] kftf]
u'NdLsf gu/÷ufpFkflnsfx?nfO{
cg'/f]w
ljut $& jif{b]lv ls/0f k':tsfno, u'NdLaf6 k|sfzgdf cfO/x]sf] …xfd|f]
k'/miffy{Ú /fhwfgL aflx/af6 ;+:yfut ?kdf cBko{Gt lgl:s/x]sf] Ps dfq
k'/fgf] ;flxlTos klqsf xf] . k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnaf6 of] klqsf /fli6«o
:t/sf] …sÚ ju{sf] ;flxlTos q}dfl;s klqsfsf] ?kdf juL{s[t ePsf] 5 .
of] klqsf g]kfnsf ;ft} k|b]z, rf}w} c~rn / ;txQ/} lhNnfsf ;fy}
ljb]zdf klg k'Ub5 . o;sf cfhLjg / :yfoL u/L Ps xhf/eGbf a9L
u|fxsx? 5g\ . O–d]n, OG6/g]6 / j]e;fO6sf] cTofw'lgs ;~rf/ ;~hfndf
hf]l8Psf] o; klqsfdf hxfFaf6 klg n]v –/rgf k7fpg ;lsg] / ;+;f/sf]
h'g;'s} 7fpFdf a;]/ klg j]e;fO6 vf]n]/ k9\g ;lsG5 .
…xfd|f] k'/miffy{Úsf ljleGg ljz]iff°x? k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ . ljZjljBfnodf
:gftsf]Q/ txdf cWoog ug]{ ljBfyL{x?n] o; klqsfsf ljljw ljifodf
zf]wkqx? n]v]sf 5g\ . o;nfO{ eljiodf cem a9L cg';Gwfgd"ns
;flxlTos klqsf agfpFb} n}hfg] k':tsfnosf] nIo /x]sf] 5 .
jt{dfg ;dodf g]kfnsf] kl/jlt{t ;+/rgf / zf;sLo :j?kcg';f/ :yfgLo
;/sf/ u7g ePsf] # jif{ laTg yfn]sf] 5 . g]kfnel/ &%# :yfgLo
;/sf/sf] ?kdf dxfgu/kflnsf, pkdxfgu/kflnsf, gu/kflnsf /
ufpFkflnsfx? /x]sf 5g\ . tLdWo] u'NdL lhNnfdf @ j6f gu/kflnsf / !)
j6f ufpFkflnsf u/L hDdf afx|j6f :yfgLo lgsfox? /x]sf 5g\ . lj=;+=
@)&& ;fnb]lv xfdLn] …xfd|f] k'/miffy{Úsf k|To]s c°df :yfgLo lgsfox?sf]
kl/ro qmdzM 5fKb} hfg] of]hgf agfPsf 5f}+ . o;sf nflu xfdLn] :yfgLo
gu/÷ufpFklnsfx?sf] ;xof]usf] ck]Iff u/]sf 5f}+ . kflnsfx?sf]
;xof]uljgf xfd|f] ck]Iffn] k"0f{tf k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}g . To;sf nflu gu/ /
ufpFkflnsfx?af6 xfdLn] b'O{ k|sf/sf] ;xof]usf] cfzf /fv]sf 5f}+ . Pp6f
k|To]s :yfgLo lgsfox?n] cfkm\gf] gu/÷ufpFsf] ;a} k|sf/sf] ;"rgf of
len]h k|f]kmfOn ls/0f k':tsfnonfO{ pknAw u/fpg] . bf];|f] pQm gu/÷
ufpFkflnsfsf] kl/ro 5fKgsf nflu Ps nfvsf] cfly{s ;xof]u …xfd|f]
k'/miffy{ÚnfO{ lbg] . o;/L k|fKt ePsf] ;xof]usf] cfwf/df k':tsfnon] lgGg
sfdx? ug]{5 .
!= k|To]s kflnsfx?sf] len]h k|f]kmfOn k':tsfnodf ;'/lIft /flvg]5 .
@= k|f]kmfOnsf] ;f/j:t'nfO{ …xfd|f] k'/miffy{Ú sf] Pp6f c+sdf To;
gu/÷ufpFkflnsfsf] kl/ro eg]/ 5fKg] sfd x'g]5 .
#= kflnsf kl/rosf nflu a9Ldf cf7 k[i7 5'6ØfOg]5 .
$= klqsfsf] cfj/0f k[i7 of leqL k[i7df To;} gu/ of ufpFsf] lrgf/L
lbg] s'g} P]ltxfl;s, wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts, k|fs[lts :yfg of ljsf;
lgdf{0fsf] Ps emns k|:t't x'g] vfnsf] Pp6f kmf]6f] 5flkg]5 .
%= kl/ro 5flkPsf] c°sf %) k|lt gu/÷ufpFkflnsfnfO{ lgMz'Ns pknAw
u/fOg]5 .
^= gu/÷ufpFkflnsfn] cfkm\gf] kl/ro / ;xof]u /flz klqsf k|sfzg ug]{
clGtd dlxgfeGbf Ps dlxgfklxn] ls/0f k':tsfnodf a'emfpg'kg]{ 5 .
&= o; sfo{df ;xof]u k'/Øfpg' x'g xfdL lgDg gu/÷ufpFkflnsfx?nfO{
xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f} M
O:df, sflnu08sL, u'NdLb/af/, rGb|sf]6, 5qsf]6, w'sf]{6, dbfg],
dflnsf, d'l;sf]6, /m/mIf]q, /];'Ëf / ;TojtL ufpFkflnsf /
gu/kflnsf .
*= gu/÷ufpFkflnsfn] ;xof]u:j?k lbg] cg'bfg /flz /fli6«o jfl0fHo
a}+s, u'NdL zfvfdf /x]sf] ls/0f k':tsfnosf] a=lx=g=+ #)!))))@)&!)
df k7fOlbg'kg]{5 .
(= s'g} gu/÷ufpFkflnsfaf6 tf]lsPsf] qmdcg';f/ ;dod} kl/rofTds
ljj/0f / ;xof]u/flz k|fKt gePdf csf]{ gu/÷ufpFkflnsfsf] kl/ro
cufl8 5flkg]5 . …xfd|f] k'/miffy{Ú sf] of] of]hgf a9Ldf # jif{ rNg]5 .
!)= o;af6 u'NdL lhNnfsf ;a} gu/÷ufpFkflnsfsf] Pp6f P]ltxfl;s
clen]v tof/ x'g]5 . lhNnfsf] cfBGt Oltxf; tof/ ug{ d2t
ldNg]5 . …xfd|f] k'/miffy{ÚnfO{ lgoldttf k|bfg ug{ 6]jf k'Ug]5 . u'NdL
lhNnfsf] af/]df zf]wvf]h ug]{x?nfO{ ;Gbe{–;fduL|x? k|fKt ug{
;lhnf] x'g]5 . ;a} gu/ / ufpFkflnsfx?n] oyf;dodf o;
of]hgfnfO{ k"0f{tf k|bfg ug{ ;xof]u k'/Øfpg'x'g]5 eGg] xfd|f] k"0f{
ljZjf; 5 .
– ;lrj
)))
gf}nf] ;[li6 M ;fgf] b[li6
!= k]gfn
lj=;+ @)#^ ;fndf …HofUbL / dÚ
v08sfJoaf6 s[ltsf/sf ?kdf
;fj{hlgs ePsf b]j]Gb| nD;fn lzIf0f
k];faf6 ;]jf lgj[Q JolQmTj x'g\ . pgsf
v08sfJo, :d[ltsfJo, sljtf–;+u|x,
syf;+u|x cflb u/L of] ;d]t *-cf7_
j6f s[ltx? k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ . k|:t't
dxfsfJo sljsf] k|sfzgsf] lx;fan]
xfn;Ddsf] sfG5f] / efjfleJolStsf
lx;fan] h]7f] s[lt xf] . o;sf] k|sfzs
>LdtL ;'eb|f nD;fn /xg'ePsf] 5 .
e"ldsf v08;lxt ‰f08} rf/;o k[i7
df]6f] k|:t't u|Gy g]kfnL dxfsfJosf]
Oltxf;df k|of]ujfbL dxfsfJo xf] .
g]kfnLnfO{ kf;L{ efiffdf k]gfn agfP/ zLif{s lbOPsf] k|:t't dxfsfJodf
>[ªvnf ljxLg syfj:t' /x]sf] 5 . bz jif]{ åGådf lx/f;t / gh/aGbsf]
rk]6f ;x]sf dxfsfJosf/n] lszf]/josfnLg kf;L{ efiffsf zAbx? k|of]u
u/]/ ;dfhdf ljBdfg bdg, zf]if0f / cGofosf syfJoyfx? pNn]v u/]sf
5g\ . k"j{ / klZrdsf dxfsfJo dfGotfdf gfos, gflosf ,vngfos,
gflosf cflb s'g}sf] sfNkgf gu/L dxfsfJosf/n] lrGtgk|wfg dxfsfJo
tof/ u/]sf 5g\ . s]xL k|ltlglw kfq, s]xL k|tLsfTds kfqsf] dfWodaf6
g]kfnL ;dfhdf b]lvPsf cGofo, cTofrf/, bdgzf]if0f / pTkL8gsf
syfnfO{ sljn] dd{:kzL{ ?kdf lrq0f u/]sf 5g\ . slj k[YjLnfO{ k[YjL g}
dflg;nfO{ dflg; g} eGg lxrlsrfPsf 5g\ . sljsf] kf;L{ zAbrogdf
cfkm\g} u"9 /x:o n's]sf] 5 . 5nsk6, bdgzf]if0f cflbn] o'St k]gfn,
g]kfn agf];, gfld;–dflg; ag"g\ eGg] sfdgfsf ;fy s[lt cGTo ePsf] 5.
gjd ;u{nfO{ s / v v08df ljefhg u/L hDdf !( ;u{df k|:t't
dxfsfJo ;+/rgf ul/Psf] 5 . x/]s v08df Znf]s of egf}+ pkv08
k|;Ëfg';f/ ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 . o;/L lbOPsf] ;+Vof nfdf ;u{df &# /
5f]6f ;u{df @@ j6f u/L hDdf (&% pkv08 jf Znf]sx? /x]sf 5g\ .
dxfsfJosf/n] leGg laDa / k|tLsx?sf] ;xof]uaf6 sfJofleJolQmnfO{
k|ToIfeGbf k/f]If agfPsf 5g\ . sljsf] snd clew]ofy{tkm{ eGbf
Joª\Uofy{tkm{ cufl8 a9]sf] 5 . g]kfnL hghLjgsf] /f]u, zf]s, Joyf,
cxª\sf/ pNn]v ub}{ ljBdfg /fhgLlts l:yltk|lt tLj| 3[0ff / cfqmf]z
JoSt ul/Psf] 5 . k|hftGq nf]stGq / ;dfhjfbk|lt sljsf] pk]Iff
b]lvG5 . slj åGåsfnLg ;dodf st} hgo'4sf gfddf t st} zflGt
;'/Iffsf gfddf ePsf cfttfoL k|j[lQk|lt klg g/l;+x ag]/ b]vf k/]sf
5g\ . s'g} d"n kfqljgf, g]tfljgf b]zdf eL8dfq ;NanfP/ v}nfa}nf
dlRrPsf] oyfy{nfO{ lrq0f ub} slj kGw|f} ;u{sf] Znf]s ( sf Ps c+zdf
n]V5g\ M
cfhef]ln gofF /fi6« k]gfndf dfbn aHb}gg\ ufhn aUb5 . bf]xf]/L x/fP/
kmf]x/L v]n v]lnG5g\ .
cfFvf l‰fs]/ cfFvfsf 7fpFdf cfuf] an]sf] 5 d'6' l‰fs]/ d'6'sf] 7fpFdf ad
h8]sf] 5 . 6fpsfdf lubL l‰fs]/ To;sf] 7fpFdf l/df]6 sG6«f]n 5 .
dxfsfJosf/ dlGqkl/ifb\nfO{ kq'kl/ifb\sf] gfd lbb} ;qf}+sf] #( cf}+ Znf]ssf]
Ps c+zdf eGb5g\ M
kq'kl/ifb\sf d7fwLzx?n] af; u/]sf] x/]s cfFugsf] k]]gfn lbp;} d;fg
lg:sg] d's{6\6f lg:sg] d;fg3f6sf] k]gfn OlGb|o h:t} hd]sf]
k]gfn== = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = vf]Hb} hfFbf o:tf tdfd cleJolStx? kfpg ;lsG5 .
P]g sfg'g / gLlt–lgodnfO{ Psflt/ kG5ØfP/ :jfy{, kbnf]n'ktf, cGofo,
cTofrf/ / ei6«rf/sf] v]tL e}/x]sf] jt{dfg ;do ;Gbe{nfO{ sljn] ltvf]
?kdf Joª\Uo ub}{ pN6f] rfnaf6 rNbf g]kfn xf]Og k]gfn cyf{t\ c+u|]hL
zAbsf] k]gfN6L cyf{t\ b08}b08sf] /fHo k]gfn ;Dem]sf 5g\ . cfhsf
dflg;x?df ljj]sxLgtf, rl/qxLgtf p208tf, 3d08Lkg, cxªsf/, qmf]w,
5nsk6, j}dg:o–b'ef{j / j~rs k|j[lQnfO{ sljn] x/]s ;u{df st} g st}
s'g} g s'g} ?kdf 5f]Psf 5g\ . ljut / jt{dfgsf ofjt\ kl/l:yltx?nfO{
hLjGt lrq0f ul/Psf] k|:t't dxfsfJo g]kfnL dxfsfJosf] Oltxf;df
k|ultjfbL wf/fdf n]lvPsf] k|of]uwdL{ dxfsfJo xf] . åGåsfnLg g]kfnL
kl/j]zn] cfxt ag]sf dxfsfJosf/sf] cfj]u zAb–zAbdf k|s6 ePsf] 5 .
k|:t't dxfsfJodf slj leGg} ljrf/wf/fdf ;d;fdlos j}rfl/s b[li6sf]0fsf
;fy k|:t't ePsf 5g\ .
@= d'lQmgfy wfdb]lv o'/f]k;Dd -ofqf;+:d0f_
‰f08} b'O{ bh{g hlt z}lIfs ;fdflhs, ljQLo ;+:yfx?df ;+nUg ;dfh;]jL
;'Gb/k|;fb hf]zL cyf{t\ ;'Gb/k|;fb …afbnÚsf] t];|f] s[lt d'lQmgfywfdb]lv
o'/f]k;Dd ofqf;+:d/0f–@)&% k|sflzt
ePsf] 5 . lj£gxtf{ u0f]zsf] :t'ltaf6
cf/De ul/Psf] k|:t't ;+:d/0ffTds
s[ltsf] cg'qmdl0fsf !=)@ b]lv !=!%
;Dd o'/f]ksf b]zx?df ul/Psf] ofqf
j[QfGt 5 . @=)! b]lv !@=)! ;Dd
g]kfnleqsf ljlEfGg :yfgx?sf] e|d0f
/ To;;Fu ;Da4 cg'ej / k|fs[lts
kl/j]zsf] lrq0f ul/Psf] 5 eg] !#=)!
b]lv !%=)! ;DDf s]xL ;+:d/0fsf
cg'ejnfO{ ;d]l6Psf] 5 . afFsL kfFr
k[i7df t:jL/sf ‰fnsx? 5g\ .
b]zleqsf] ljleGg :yfg / ef/tsf]
uf}xf6Ltkm{sf] ofqf j[QfGtx? ;dfj]z
ul/Psf] 5 . s]xL ofqfdf ;+nUg
e|d0fsf t:jL/x? klg ;dfj]z 5g\ .
n]vsn] ofqf j[QfGtsf cg'ejx? zAbdf ptf/]sf 5g\ . ofqf ;+:d/0f
k':tsfsf/ s[ltsf ?kdf tof/ xF'bf zLif{scg';f/ g} d'lQmgfywfd /
;]/f]km]/f]sf e|d0fsf kf6fx? cufl8 / o'/f]kLo If]qsf e|d0fsf ;+:d/0fx?
kl5Nnf] qmddf ldnfpg ;s]sf] eP ;'gdf ;'uGw x'g] lyof] . n]vx?sf]
qmd /fVbf klg k/Dk/fut zf]w u|Gydf h:t} bzdnj k4ltåf/f zLif{sfGt/
ul/Psf] 5 . o;n] ljifo;"rL x]bf{ kf7s cNdlng] b]lvG5 . ofqf;+:d/0f /
j0f{gn] kf7ssf] Wofg cjZo tfG5 . of] ;x|fgLo kIf xf] . efiff ;Dkfbg /
ljifo ;Dkfbgsf If]qdf ljz]if Wofg lbg
;s]sf] eP cem /fd|f] x'g] lyof] . cfufdL
lbgdf oL kIfdf ;'wf/;lxt o;}sf] csf]{
;+:s/0fsf ;fy} cGo gjLgtd s[ltx?
k|sflzt xf]pmg\, z'esfdgf Û
#= cfuf] s]xL /fk, s]xL tfk
lj=;+= @)@& ;fnd} 8fF8faf6 sljtf–;+u|x
lnP/ pbfPsf tLy{/fh jGt n]vg,
;Dkfbg / cg'jfb;d]t u/L xfn;Dd #)
j6f s[ltsf cu|k+lQmdf gfd /flv;s]sf
JolQm x'g\ . pgsf sfg'gL ;flxTo,
/]8qm;, dfgj clwsf/, d'Qms, n3'syf,
xfOs'nufotsf ljwfut s[ltx? k|sflzt e};s]sf 5g\ . /]8qm;df cfa4
eP/ nfdf] ;do;Dd ;]jf k'/ØfPsf jGt ckfË dxf;+3 Pj+ ;fj{hlgs
k':tsfno dxf;+3df ;d]t /xL ;fdflhs ;]jf u/]sf JolSt x'g\ . pgsf]
…cfuf] s]xL /fk s]xL tfkÚ sljtf–;+u|x -@)&%_ k|sflzt ePsf] 5 . !)!
6'qmf sljtfsf ;fy} pk;+xf/;d]tdf clUg / o;;Fu ;DalGwt ljleGg
;Gbe{x? sljtfdf k|:t't ePsf 5g\ . cfTdk/s z}nLdf k|:t't ePsf
sljn] tLg kª\ltsf] Ps Znf]s lgdf{0f u/L x/]s sljtfsf] z'?df Æn]Vb} 5'
d cfuf]dfly cfn]væaf6 z'? u/]/ sljn] rf/} j]b / lj1fgn] ;d]t ljz]if
dxÎjsf ;fy x]/]sf] cfuf] / o;sf ljljw ?knfO{ k|:t't sljtf–;+u|xdf
pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLsf] lxtsf lglDt l;lh{t cfuf] /fk, tfk,
Hof]lt, vlt ;a} If]qdf k|of]u x'g] ;fwg xf] . k|:t't ;+u|xdf sljsf j}lbs,
j}1flgs Pj+ nf}lss 1fg / cg'ejsf k|;Ëx? cToGt k|efjsf/L ?kdf
k|:t't ePsf 5g\ . hGdbfb]lv clGtd ;+:sf/;Dd TolQs} k|of]u x'g]
cfuf]sf ljleGg ?k / gfdx? o;df /x]sf 5g\ . sljn] oL ;a} ;Gbe{x?
leq;Dd k'u]/ k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . sljdf b'i6fTdfx?k|lt ljb|f]xL aGg] r]tgf
knfPsf] 5 . slj eGb5g\ .
b'i6 cfttfoLx?sf] kfpdf
;lSbgF km"nsf] >4f~hln r9fpg
d afN5' cfuf], r9fpF5' cfuf] 89fpg -@(M@_
k"jL{o dfGotfdf c/0fLdGygaf6 pTkGg clUgsf ljljw ?k 5g\ . bfjfgn,
a8jfgn, k|noflUg cflb sljn] clUgsf tL ;a} :j?kx?sf] rrf{ u/]sf
5g\ . u|Ls k'/f0fcg'';f/ k|ldy;n] :ju{af6 w/tLdf dfgj hfltsf]
sNof0fsf lglDt rf]/]/ NofPsf] cfuf] xf] . o;nfO{ k"jL{o bz{gdf j}lbs
sfnb]lv xfn;Dd leGg ?k / k|of]hgdf lnOG5 . sljn] tL ;a} kIfdfly
ljxª\ud b[li6sf]0f /fv]sf 5g\ . of] s[lt cfuf]sf] ;Gbe{df n]lvPsf] sljtf
;+u|x dfq geO{ clUgu|Gy ag]sf] 5 . sljn] cfkm"leq /x]sf] j}lbs, nf}lss
Pj+ ;d;fdlos 1fgnfO{ o;}leq ;d]6]sf 5g\ . cfsf/sf lx;fan] n3'
b]lvP klg cfuf] s]xL /fk, s]xL tfk Ps a[xt\ u|Gy xf] . of] s[lt >4]
slj jGtsf] k|ltefsf] pTs[i6 pkh klg xf] .
$= kblrx\g
l;4fy{ ;flxTo kl/ifb\ df]km;naf6 g]kfnL ;flxTosf] ;]jf ug]{ ;+:yf xf] .
g]kfnL ;flxTo ;]jfdf o;n] ljut #( jif]{b]lv cgj/t ;]jf ub}{ cfPsf]
5 . o; kl/ifb\n] l;4fy{ ;flxTo ;Ëd sfo{qmd lgoldt ?kdf ;~rfng
ub}{ g]kfnL ;flxTosf] >Lj[l4df of]ubfg lbPsf] 5 . o;n] kblrXgsf] kfFrf}
c° g]kfnL ;flxTodf s]xL lk5l8Psf] ljwf ;dfnf]rgfnfO{ lgs} dxÎj lbO{
k|fyldstfsf ;fy k|sflzt u/]sf] 5 .
ljleGg @& hgf ;dLIfsx?sf ;dfnf]rgfx?sf] ;Fufnf] kblrXgdf syf,
sljtf, pkGof; uhn, xfOs', n3'syfsf ;fy} g]kfnL ;flxTodf
JolStljz]ifsf] of]ubfgnfO{ klg ;d]l6Psf] 5 . b]jsf]6fsf zfs'Gtn /
k|ldy; b'a} dxfsfJosf qmdzM kfq ljwfg / ;fleJolStn] :yfg kfPsf
5g\ . @& j6f zLif{sx?dWo] !@ cf}+ n]vdf l;4fy{ ;flxTo ;Ëdsf
ljutb]lv jt{dfg;Ddsf ultljlwx?sf] ;dLIff cWoIfaf6} ul/Psf] 5 .
cGoeGbf of] leGg ;+:yf ;dLIff aGg k'u]sf] 5 . 5f]6fdf tLg k[i7;Dd /
nfdfdf !* k[i7;Ddsf ;dLIff
;+u|xx? o;leq ;dfj]z ul/Psf
5g\ . clwsf+z s[ltk/s
;dfnf]rgfx? 5g\ eg] Pp6f
JolQmk/s -hLj/h cfl>t_ / Pp6f
;flxTo -uhn_ ;Fu ;DalGwt
;dLIffn] :yfg kfPsf] 5 .
kblrXgsf] la;fpgLdf b]jsf]6fsf]
k|ltdflgdf{0f;Fu ;Da4 ultljlwx?
;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .
lj=;+= @)#* ;fndf :yflkt o;
;flxlTos ;+:yfn] ;|i6fx?sf] hoGtL,
;|i6f ;Ddfg, ;flxlTos uf]i7Lsf ;fy}
dfl;s ?kdf l;4fy{ ;Ëd u/]/
g]kfnL efiff, ;flxTo snf /
;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0fdf ;flxlTos
dgx?nfO{ Pslqt ub}{ cfPsf] klg kblrGxaf6 a'‰g ;lsG5 .
cfj/0fdf b'O{ kblrXg cf/]lvt u/]/ ljz]if ;Hhfsf ;fy tof/ k|:t't
s[ltsf] cy{ cfj/0faf6} ;fdfGo kf7sn] klg a'‰g ;Sg] agfOPsf] 5 .
kblrXgh:t} cGo s[ltx? k|sflzt u/]/ l;4fy{ ;flxTo ;+udn] g]kfnL
;flxTosf] ljsf;df yk of]ubfg lb+b} hfcf];\ . o:t} TofuL Pj+ ;flxTo;]jL
xft / ;fy c6'6 /x'g\ Û oxL z'e]R5f Û
– cls~rg
)))

otfptfaf6
xfd|f] k'/miffy{
sfnf] e|i6 kgf kvfln dgsf] st{Josf] lrGtg
ub}{ ;fx; nL cd"No If0fsf] hfg]/ of] uh{g .
;f/f b]z ljb]z ljZj e/df e|ft[Tjsf] efj nL
of] …xfd|f] k'/miffy{Ú ;fy{s agL 6Nsf];\ ;b} 6N6nL ..
of] cfkm\gf] k/sf] 5 Tof] g eg x} eGg] t xf] d"v{ g} .

of] d]/f] / dnfO dfq a'emg] xf] Tof] c? w"t{ g} .
/fvL k|]d ;b} ;d:t hlt 5g\ k|f0fLx?df ;d
of] …xfd|f] k'/miffy{Ú ;fy{s agL km}nL /xf];\ xb{d ..
dfG5] xf}+ t/ sfo{ dfgj ;/L ub}{ uP dfq tf

sfo}{ pN6f] u/] t bfgj ;/L aG5f}+ ;a} gq tf .
/fvL b[9 ljrf/ xfdL ;adf ;To+ lzj+ ;'Gb/d\
of] …xfd|f] k'/miffy{Ú ;fy{s agL 3Gsf];\ ;b} 3G3g ..
kmfb}{ dfgjsf ;d:t hlt 5g\ c1fgsf afbn

aGb} o} hg hfltsf Åbodf kmNb} u/f];\ ;Tkmn .
le/\ kfvf kx/f / emf/ nx/f o:sf /x"g\ e"if0f
of] …xfd|f] k'/miffy{Ú ;fy{s agL x6\b} u/f];\ zf]if0f ..
–lr/~hLjL zdf{
-@)#) ;fnsf] …xfd|f] k'/miffy{Úsf] klxnf] c°af6_
)))

kf7s–k|ltlqmof
xfd|f] k'/miffy{sf] ;Dk""0ff{° *$ k9\bf

>Ldfg\ ;DkfbsHo",
xfd|f] k'/miffy{ q}dfl;s, ls/0f k':tsfno, tD3f;, u'NdL .
klxn]b]lv g} ls/0f k':tfsfnosf] af/]df ;'g]sL lyPF / oxfFaf6 k|sflzt
ePsf s]xL k':tsx? x'l66\ofpFsf] dg -@)&^_ / tkf]e"ld /];'Ëfwfd -@)^&_
klxn] g} k9\g] ;f}EffUo k|fKt u/]sL lyPF . ls/0f k':tsfnonfO{ cem
glhsaf6 a'em\g] cj;/ clxn] kfPsL 5' . g]kfndf w]/} k':ts tyf
kqklqsf k|sflzt x'G5g\ t/ w]/} h;f] klqsfx? :yflkt x'g g;s]sf]
cj:yfdf ls/0f k':tsfno :j0f{hoGtL dgfpg ;kmn x'g' / o;af6
k|sflzt o; xfd|f] k'/miffy{n] ljleGg n]v /rgfsf] dfWodaf6 1fgsf] ls/0f
kf7s;dIf k|:t't ug'{n] o; ls/0f k':tsfnosf] ul/df a9]sf] 5 . o;sf]
P]ltxfl;s dxÎj /x]sf] 5 .
lhNnf tyf lhNnfaflx/ n's]/ /x]sf ;flxTo, ;+uLt, snfsf] ;+/If0f /
;+jw{g ug{ o; klqsfsf] dxÎjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf] 5 . xfd|f] k'/miffy{sf
k|sflzt c+sx? *$ k'u]sf 5g\ . o; klqsfsf] *$ cf} c+sdf k|sflzt
n]vdf dnfO{ ;fx|} dg k/]sf] sljtf …xh'/ ;Gr} 5Ú h'g 8f= afa'/fd
1fjnLhLn] n]Vg'ePsf] 5 . o; sljtfdf hLjgsf] ef]ufOnfO{ k|:6 kfl/Psf]
5 . cfh;Dd d}n] d]/f] hLjgdf ljleGg n]v /rgf s[ltx? k9\g] df}sf kfPF
t/ xfd|f] k'?iffy{df x/ If]q;Fu ;DalGwt n]vx? k9\g] cj;/ kfP hxfF
;dfhsf] yf]/} eP klg Oltxf;, yf]/} jt{dfg / yf]/} eljiosf s'/fx? k9\g]
cj;/ kfPF . ;fy} b'uf{k|;fb >]i7;Fusf] e]63f6df ePsf s'/fx? cToGt}
uxg / ky k|bz{s nfu] . 8f= t'n;L e§/fO{sf] vf]of las]{ vf]of / xfd|f]
;dfh, k|f= slkn c1ftsf] ;D‰fgfsf ljDax?, lzjz/0f 1jfnLsf] efiff
lzIf0fdf k|sfo{k/stf, xf]dgfy zdf{sf] j}b]lzs lzIff, lji0f'/fh l;Ub]nsf]]
g]kfnL ;dfhdf Hof]ltif, ljgf]b g]kfnsf] jg:ynLaf6 sf]6]Zj/ x'Fb}
rGb|flul/, rGb|sfGt cfrfo{sf] u'NdL 5 Kof/f] ;bf, To:t} :j=s'ndl0f
b]jsf]6f, /d]z uf}td kfNkfnL, kGYfL /fdk|;fb, kßk|;fb zdf{sf n]vx?
klg cToGt k7gLo 5g\ . xfd|f] k'/miffy{n] jt{dfgdf h;/L cfkm\gf] cl:tTj
/ dxÎjnfO{ sfod u/]sf] 5 To;/L g} eljiodf yk prfOdf k'uf];\ eGg
rfxG5' .
– cl:dtf e';fn, dbfg] ufpFkflnsf–@, u'NdL
)))
ls/0f k':tsfnosf cfhLjg ;b:osf] kl/ro
gfd M /fddl0f kGyL

lktf÷dftf M Cifj/fh÷;/:jtL pkfWofo kGyL
wd{kTgL M dfof kGyL
xh'/a'af M xl/nfn pkfWofo kGyL
hGdldlt M lj=;+= @)@$ ;fn c;f]h !! ut]
7]ufgf M ;flas tD3f;–& -xfn /];'Ëf gu/kflnsf–(, pkNnf]
tD3f;, km]/f, u'NdL_
lzIff M cfO{=P=
;Dks{ g+= M (*$$&(!!!!
;+nUgtf M @)$$ ;fnb]lv lzIf0f k]zfdf k|j]z u/L ef8ufpF df=lj=,
/mGvfbx df=lj=, /fgLkf]v/L lg=df=lj=, pkNnf] tD3f; df=lj=df
c6'6 ;]jf ub}{ @)&@ cfiff9 #! b]lv @)&^ kf}if @) ;Dd
pkNnf] tD3f; df=lj=df k|=c=sf] lhDd]jf/L s'zntfsf ;fy
lgjf{x u/L xfn lhNnf n]vfhf]vf s]Gb| u'NdLsf] ;+of]hssf]
?kdf sfo{/t .
/mlr M ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx?sf] ;]jf ug]{ .
gfd M cd[tfb]jL s'“j/

lktf÷dftf M lnnaxfb'/÷kljqf adf{
wd{klt M e]ifaxfb'/ s'Fj/ …k|of;LÚ
hGdldlt M lj=;+= @)!) sflQs !( ut] .
7]ufgf M /];'Ëf gu/kflnsf–@, tD3f;, u'NdL .
lzIff M P;\=Pn\=;L=
sfof{g'ej M lzlIfsf -/];'Ëf df=lj=_ låtLo >]0fL -@)##–@)^#_
;+nUgtf M g]kfn afn ;+u7g, g]kfn x6{ kmfp08];g, g]kfn g]qHof]lt
;+3, ljZj lxGb" dxf;+3, cGt/kfl6{ dlxnf ;~hfn, g]kfnL
sfFu|]; lhNnf sfo{ ;ldlt, u'NdL .
gfd M /d]zh· s'“j/
lktf÷dftf M e]ifaxfb'/ s'Fj/ …k|of;LÚ÷cd[tfb]jL s'Fj/
wd{kTgL M aLdf s]=;L= s'Fj/
hGdldlt M lj=;+= @)#^ ;fn c;f]h )& ut]
7]ufgf M /];'Ëf gu/kflnsf–@, tD3f;, u'NdL
lzIff M Pd\=lkmn= -;dfhzf:q_, cWoog/t
;+nUgtf M ef/tLo ;]gf, ls/0f k':tsfno, ?8]s, g]kfn .
s[lt M pHofnfsf vf]hLdf, Pusslit of Elightment, v's'/Lsf]
zfg, jL/sf] ;Gtfg .
gf]j]n sf]/f]gf eO/;af6 aRgsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n]

3f]if0ff u/]sf gLlt / lgodx?sf] kfngf u/f}+ .
cfkm" klg :j:y /xf}+ / c?nfO{ klg :j:y agfpg
;xof]u u/f}+ .
gf/fo0f kf]v/]n
cWoIf
lgdf{0f Joj;foL ;+3 u'NdL
ljZje/ dxfdf/Lsf] ¿kdf km}lnO/x]sf] sf]/f]gf efO/;sf]

;+qmd0faf6 ;'/lIft eO{ cfkm" klg arf}+ / c¿nfO{ klg arfcf}+ .

g]kfn ;/sf/
;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqfno
;"rgf tyf k|;f/0f ljefu

Hamro Purushartha 85

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Hamro Purushartha 85

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à jif{ M $& à c° M @ à ;Dk"0ff{° M *% à df3–r}t, @)&^

sDKo'6/ ;]l6Ë M O{Zj/ lj=s=

cfj/0f k[i7 M dxfdf/Laf6 hf]lug ;fdflhs b"/Lsf] ;°]t

8f= uf]kfnk|;fb zdf{ z+s/k|;fb zf:qL

dx]Gb|s'df/ nD;fn lji0f' zdf{

xfd|f] k'/miffy{–*% iii

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eTsL hf kx/f ;Ldf ;xg'sf] gf£of] hldg\ efl;b]

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afFsL 5}g s'g} :jtGq hgtf /}tL ag]sf 5g

cfpnf v} ultnf] 8sf/ o;/L 8fª\u|f] rkfPkl5

bfª rf}3]/df P]ltxfl;s k':tsfno

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104 xfd|f] k'/miffy{–*%

xfd|f] k'/miffy{sf] ;Dk""0ff{° *$ k9\bf

gfd M /fddl0f kGyL

gfd M cd[tfb]jL s'“j/

gf]j]n sf]/f]gf eO/;af6 aRgsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n]

lgdf{0f Joj;foL ;+3 u'NdL

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