TELEKOMUNIKASI DAN RANGKAIAN KOMPUTER

(TELECOMMUNICATION AND COMPUTER NETWORK)

SPPP1032-02

COMPUTER ASSEMBLY
(REPORT)

NAME NO MATRIC

MUHAMMAD SHAHRIL BIN SAMSURI A18PP3060

MUHAMMAD HANIF BIN MOHD NASHIR A18PP3056

MUHAMAD AMER IKHWAN BIN MUHADI A18PP3042

PROF MADYA DR NORAFFANDY YAHAYA

2/SPPJ

SEMESTER 3
Content
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Objective
3.0 Computer Hardware
4.0 Computer Assembly
5.0 Network Interface Card Installation
6.0 Conclusion
7.0 References
1.0 Introduction

A computer is a machine that can be instructed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical
operations automatically via computer programming. Modern computers have the ability to follow
generalized sets of operations, called programs. These programs enable computers to perform an
extremely wide range of tasks. A "complete" computer including the hardware, the operating system
(main software), and peripheral equipment required and used for "full" operation can be referred to as
a computer system. This term may as well be used for a group of computers that are connected and
work together, in particular a computer network or computer cluster.
Computers are used as control systems for a wide variety of industrial and consumer devices.
This includes simple special purpose devices like microwave ovens and remote controls, factory devices
such as industrial robots and computer-aided design, and also general purpose devices like personal
computers and mobile devices such as smartphones. The Internet is run on computers and it connects
hundreds of millions of other computers and their users
Assembling computers is a large part of a technician's job. This report will show how to
assembly a computer and work in a logical, methodical manner when working with computer
components. Objectives Open the case. Install the power supply. Attach the components to the
motherboard and install the motherboard. Install internal drives, drives in external bays, adapter cards.
Connect all internal cables. Re-attach the side panels and connect external cables to the computer. Boot
the computer for the first time.

2.0 Objective

The main objectives of Computer assembling is:

 Learning about computer components and how to fit and work together
 Understanding the internal and hardware workings of a computer
 Ability to customise a computer according to specialised specifications
 Building and assembling something from component
 The satisfaction of a job well-done
 Learn to engendering technical problem solving ability
 Low cost of building and saving money

If you do well in this report, you should be able to:

1. Indicate the names and functions of hardware ports and the parts of the motherboard.
2. Identify the names and distinguishing features of different kinds of input and output devices.
3. Describe how the CPU processes data and instructions and controls the operation of all other
devices.
4. Identify the names, distinguishing features, and units for measuring different kinds of memory
and storage devices.
5. Search your personal computer for the various hardware components it contains
You won’t need many tools to assemble your computer, in fact the only one you must have is the
screwdriver, but if you can get most of the following together, you’ll find things go a little easier

Basic tools
Before you begin building or refitting a computer, you should have some basic tools:

1. Phillips-head (cross-shaped) screwdriver

2. Needle-nose pliers
3. A large level working space
4. Brush

3.0 Computer Hardware

3.1 Computer case
The computer case is primarily used as a means of physically mounting and containing all the
actual components inside the computer, such as motherboard, hard drive, optical drive, disk
drive, etc. They usually come with a power supply. There are a number of reasons why we use
computer cases. One is for safety, which is easy to assume because it is the most obvious. Dust,
animals, toys, liquids, etc. can all harm the internal parts of a computer if they were not enclosed
by the hard shell of a computer case and kept away from the outside setting.

Figure 1 PC case

3.2 Motherboard
The motherboard is used to connect all parts of the computer together. The CPU, memory, hard
drives, and other ports and expansion cards all connect directly or via cables to the motherboard.
The motherboard is a piece of computer hardware that can be thought of as the "backbone" of
the PC, or more appropriately as the "mother" who holds all the pieces together.
 Figure 2 Motherboard

3.3 Processing unit

3.3.1 Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The central processing unit (CPU) is the computer component responsible for
interpreting and executing most of the commands from other computer hardware and
software. A modern CPU is usually small and square, with many short, rounded,
metallic connectors on the underside. Some older CPUs have pins instead of metal
connectors.

Figure 3 Computer Processing Unit

3.3.2 Graphic Processing Unit (GPU)

Other video card names include graphics cards, graphics adapters, display adapters,
video adapters, video controllers, and AIBs. The video card is an expansion card that
enables the computer to send graphical information to a video display device such as a
monitor, TV, or projector. A video card is a piece of computer hardware that has a
rectangular shape with numerous contacts at the bottom of the card and one or more
side ports for connection to video displays and other devices.
 Figure 4 Video Card

3.4 Storing unit

3.4.1 Random Access Memory (RAM)
Random Access Memory or RAM is the physical hardware within a computer that
stores data temporarily, serving as the "work" memory of a computer. The purpose of
RAM is to provide quick read and write access to your storage device. Your computer
uses RAM to load data because it's much faster than running the same data directly
from your hard drive. A standard module or desktop memory stick is a long,
thin piece of hardware that looks like a short ruler. The lower part of the memory
module has one or more notches for proper installation and is lined with multiple,
usually gold-plated, connectors.

Figure 5 RAM Stick

3.4.2 Read-Only Memory (ROM)

Read-only memory, or ROM, is a type of computer storage that contains un-volatile,
permanent data that can normally only be read, not written to. ROM contains
programming that allows a computer to start or regenerate every time it is switched on.
ROM also performs large input / output (I/O) tasks, protecting programs or software
instructions. Once the data is written to the ROM chip, it cannot be removed.

3.4.3 Hard Drive Storage

The hard drive is sometimes referred to as the "C drive" because, by default, Microsoft
Windows assigns the "C" drive letter to the primary partition on the primary hard drive
on the computer. The main, and usually the largest, data storage hardware
device on a computer is the hard disk drive. The operating system, software titles, and
most other files are stored on the hard disk drive. The sides of the hard drive have pre-
drilled, threaded holes for easy mounting in the 3.5-inch drive bay of the computer
 case. Mounting is also possible with an adapter in a larger 5.25-inch drive bay. The
hard drive is mounted so that the end of the connection faces inside the computer. Other
type of drive includes SATA Hard Drive, External Hard Drive, USB Flash Drives and
SSD Hard Drives.

Figure 6 Type of Storage Driver

3.5 Networking hardware

3.5.1 Network Interface Card
It is a hardware component that allows the computer to be found in a network among
others, and enables the computer to connect to a network. It functions within the OSI
model's physical and data-link layer. This card provides the circuitry required for the
implementation of a networking protocol. The most frequently used type of NIC is
Ethernet. Recent computers, both desktops and laptops, have their own NIC installed
on the motherboard, and earlier computers had to install an internal or external NIC.
Wired and wireless NIC connectivity is available for laptops with built-in Wi-Fi, but
most desktops do have wired communication capabilities and would need a wireless
adapter to connect wirelessly.

Figure 7 Wired Network Card

3.5.2 Cable and wire

These connections are often wired and the common cable type used is CAT5 RJ-45
when connecting a laptop to a router or the router to the modem. Wiring is usually
considered to be a system of Layer 1 (physical layer), because raw data or signals are
passed from one end to the other.
 Figure 8 CAT5 RJ-45 Cable

3.5.3 Modem
A modem serves as a kind of translator or converter. It enables the transmission of
digital data or information over historically analog transmission lines, such as a
telephone line. The word "modem" is a combination of two words of transmission,
"modulate" and "demodulate," which are the two principal operations performed. The
digital signal from the computer is converted into an analog form, transmitted over an
analog medium and then decoded back to its digital form at the receiving end.

3.5.4Router
Routers can be thought of as a network mail room. They receive incoming data packets,
unzip their address information (where they came from, where they had to go) and send
them accordingly. Routers are mainly used for traffic management purposes. They
work in the layer 3 (network layer) of the OSI model.

3.6 Power Supply Unit

The power supply unit is a piece of hardware that converts the power provided from
the outlet to the usable power for many parts inside the computer case. It converts the
alternating current from your wall outlet to a continuous form of power called direct
current required by the computer components. It also regulates overheating by
controlling the voltage, which may change automatically or manually depending on the
power supply.

Figure 9 Power Supply Unit

 Power supply units are rated on a wattage basis to show how much power they can
supply to the computer. Since each computer part requires a certain amount of power
to function properly, it is important to have a PSU that can provide the right amount of
power. The very handy Cooler Master Supply Calculator tool can help you figure out
how much you need.
3.7 Input/output interface
Most external peripherals are connected to the motherboard connectors that allow access from
the back of the case

Figure 10 I/O Interface

3.7.1 USB ports: devices such as mice, keyboards, digital cameras, scanners and
printers frequently connect to the motherboard via USB ports.
3.7.2 LAN port: The LAN port is used to connect a PC to a local network or to
provide high-speed Internet services.
3.7.3 VGA & HDMI ports: there is an HDMI port and a VGA port to provide video
for these types of display devices.
3.7.4 Audio ports: Integrated line-out, microphone, and line-in ports provide access
to integrated audio, which means there is no need for sound cards on this
particular computer.
3.7.5 Serial & Parallel Ports: A serial port and parallel port are to allow
connections to printers and other external devices. Like mice and keyboards,
these devices have basically been replaced with USB.
3.7.6 PS/2 Ports: Older keyboards and mice that are not USB devices will connect
to the pc via PS/2 ports. Newer computers don't usually come with PS/2
connections.

4.0 Computer Assembly

**All of the assembly processes are solely based on the video watched on the youtube. Refer to

the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhX0fOUYd8Q&t=1544s, posted by Bitwit on 2017.

4.1 CPU Installation
The selection of CPU brand for your computer will affect the motherboard you’re using because each
CPU have different architecture and have it own CPU socket.
If you're installing an AMD CPU there's just no bracket at the CPU socket, just lift the bracket in its
elevated place.

Then take your processor and align the golden triangle on the corner of the Ryzen processor with the
triangle on the socket. If the pins are on the bottom of the processor lineup with the holes on the
socket, bring them in place. Give it a little push to make sure it's safe, then lower the suspension arm
back down and lock it in place.

4.2 Cooler Mounting

Users would want to squeeze a tiny blob about the size of half a pea into the center of the CPU. This
will distribute until your cooler is built and provide a great amount of thermal interface material to
successfully transfer heat from the die processor to the cooler of your choice. Some CPU coolers will
have pre-applied thermal paste and doesn’t required to squeeze the thermal paste.
In the case of air coolers, you'll want to install most models with unattached fans. Carefully align the
heat sink to the pins or threads of the mounting plate and lock in place with any provided thumb screws
or standard screws. After that, it's just a matter of re-attaching the fan to the tower and plugging the 4-
pin PWM fan header into the CPU Fan slot on the motherboard.

4.3 Memory Installation

The next thing on the list is the installation of system memory. Move down the locks at either end of
the DDR4 slot on your motherboard. Then line up the notch at the bottom of the memory with the notch
in the slot. After that, you should mount the memory by carefully dragging both sides of the memory to
the slot.
You can hear a cracking sound as the memory secures in place and the latches click off. Make sure you
use the faintest and second nearest slot to the CPU if you only have two memory sticks. Complete that
and you're going to be ready to go.
4.4 Prepping the Case
The thing you want to do is to strip the case down as much as you can. Remove any panel you can and
put it in a safe position (the best bet is inside the box). We recommend that you use a container (or a
magnetic component tray if you want to be fancy) to keep your screws during your PC construction
process.

4.5 Motherboard (Mobo) installation

You'll want to find out a few things about your PC case before we get to mount the motherboard. Check
for pre-installed motherboard standoffs, make sure they are numbered and organized in accordance with
the holes located on your motherboard. Now that's finished, first find the back I / O shield of your
motherboard and move it to the rectangular slot in the back of your Laptop case. Make sure it's on the
right side by adjusting the cutout pattern to the ports on the back of your motherboard.

Then, lay down your motherboard inside the chassis – carefully line up its rear ports with the
corresponding holes in the I / O shield you've just mounted – on top of the stand-offs built in your
chassis. Then it's only a matter of locking the motherboard down with the screws that came with your
frame. Make sure you choose the right ones here, because you don't want to thread the standoffs, in case
you need to remove them at a later date.
4.6 Power Supply Installation
If your PC case comes with a PSU brace, remove it before time and add it to the back of the device.
Next, thread the cables through the PSU slot in the back of the case first, and then slide the PSU back
into place, securing the bracket back to the frame. Based on the configuration of your case, you'll want
the fan to be geared towards the ventilation areas built into it. In most situations, we recommend facing
the fan down or the side away from the inside of your PC. This way, your PSU will draw fresh air and
exhaust heat from the back.

Don’t forget to check out for the cable harness. Read the manual or you can refer to the slot of the PSU
if it was labelled by manufacture. Connect those wires to the its right place on your motherboard with
the 24 pins power connector and other peripherals cables. It is recommended to make sure the PSU fan
is facing down when you install it.
4.7 Cable Management
From the PSU, you can now finish plugging the rest of it. Identify the 8-pin EPS cable and move it up
the back of the chassis through the grommet cable and plug it into the 8-pin power slot at the top of the
motherboard. Then select the bulkier 24-pin cable, slip it into any cable routing on the chassis and plug
it into the corresponding 24-pin ATX power port on the motherboard.
4.8 Fan Arrangement
Normally, you want two fans in the front pulling air in and at least one in the back blowing air out. You
may also screw one or two optional fans into the PC case roof for additional ventilation if your PC case
has mounting points for them. Make sure to keep your cooling system balanced, because there's as much
air being pulled in as it's blowing out. In case you're not sure how the wind is going, the plastic fan
guards typically show where the air is going through. All the fan cable can be wired up to any slot with
“SYS_FAN..” labelling.

4.9 Storage Installation

Many current pc cases come with some kind of SSD or hard drive bays. Even if you don't it, the 3.5-
inch disk caddies usually reserved for hard drives will have compatible mounting points. No matter
what sort of storage drive you're installing, make sure the connecting ports are facing the cable outlet
within your case, making routing cables easier. Secure it in place the provided screw adequately and
don’t forget plug in the SATA cable (L-shaped) from PSU to power up the driver and data cable right
to SATA port on the motherboard. All driver typically uses the same SATA cable.
4.10 Video Card Installation
First take a look at your motherboard and find the PCIe (expansion slot) slot that is nearest to your
processor. From there, find the two PCIe slots next to where you want to connect and detach your GPU.
For most PC cases, this would include removing two screws on the PCIe slot covers and remove them.
Be sure to refer to the manual in case you have two or more expansion ports. Remove the expansion
shield depend on your GPU size. Take your graphics card out of the anti-static bag and line it up with
the slots we've just opened. The rear I/O on the GPU will be facing the back of the frame. When the
gold contacts on your GPU make touch the PCIe slot, gently move it into place before you hear a click.
Instead use the same screws that we removed from the PCIe slot cover to lock the GPU in place. The
GPU to be power up by connecting the PCIe cable from the card to the PSU.

4.11 Finishing the Setup

Get the setup done by installing all required softwares for your computer like the operating system,
BIOS, firmware or any additional to make sure all the hardware installed functioning properly. Recheck
all the connection in hardware properties on the PC to get it right all hardware are plugged at it’s port
and can be detected in the hardware properties.
5.0 Network Interface Card Installation

**All of the assembly processes are solely based on the video watched on the youtube. Refer to
the link: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=How+to+install+a+TP-Link+PCI-
e+wireless+network+adapter, posted by TP-Link on 2018.

Most of the current generation PC already have the network card built-in with the motherboard to save
the space on the motherboard itself and cut the cost. There is three kind of network card in market, for
the cable use or come with antenna for wireless connection or both for better convenient.

Why you need wireless NIC;

1. To add wireless access to the computer
2. Upgrading the wireless internet performance
3. Or replacing any defective part of network card
5.1 Step to Install NIC

 First, you’ll need power down the PC and pull out the power cord to protect from any electrical
surge incident.
 Then remove the side panel of the PC case for NIC installation work. Look out for any
expansion slot suitable for NIC and remove the expansion back cover.

 Slot in the NIC to the expansion slot by pressure it firmly until it secured at it place and screw
the bracket at the back cover. And then put back the side panel.

 Screw both of the antennas to the NIC bracket at the back of PC case.

 Power up the PC and start downloading the firmware on the internet make sure it compatible
with the card (refer manual). And then install it until it is done.
  You may need to restart your PC after the installing the firmware. Finally, you are done and
ready to connect your PC wirelessly.

6.0 Conclusion

This set of instructions will help to assemble a basic computer capable of running most modern software
packages encountered by a casual user. Modern computers become more affordable when users
supplement their monetary investment with a few hours of effort. This computer build will be very basic
and will be the minimum hardware necessary to have a functional system. After have all of the parts
and materials needed, it will take between 2 and 4 hours to assemble computer and only need to be able
to use simple hand tools, such as a screwdriver and a pair of pliers.

There are plenty of great PCs on the market, but there’s nothing quite like the satisfaction of using one
that you create yourself. While the process of assembling a computer isn’t difficult, it’s daunting the
first time you do it. For those embarking on their first build, we’ve put together a step-by-step guide to
building a PC.

This is a guide exclusively dedicated to assembly. That means you’ll need to pick out parts first. Our
list of recommended such as, cases, CPUs, GPUs, motherboards, SSDs, power supplies and RAM, and
many more. The other thing to know is that no two builds are identical. The order we’re going in here
is based partly on preference and also based on the needs of the build. For instance, if you have a large
aftermarket cooler that blocks the DIMM slots, you may have to go in a different order than we did, or
backtrack and pull out a part here or there to make room for a particularly bulky part or cramped case.
More advanced options like liquid cooling and RGB lighting, as well as high-end CPU platforms like
Intel's Core X and AMD's Thread ripper also aren’t covered in this guide.

This report detailed the steps used to assemble a computer and boot the system for the first time. These
are some important points to remember:
1. Computer cases come in a variety of sizes and configurations. Many of the computer’s
components must match the case’s form factor.
2. The CPU is installed on the motherboard with a heat sink/fan assembly.
3. The power supply is installed in the PC.
4. RAM is installed in RAM slots found on the motherboard.
5. Adapter cards are installed in PCI and PCIe expansion slots found on the motherboard.
6. Hard disk drives are installed in 3.5-inch drive bays located inside the case.
7. Optical drives are installed in 5.25-inch drive bays that can be accessed from outside the case.
8. Floppy drives are installed in 3.5-inch drive bays that can be accessed from outside the case.
9. Power supply cables are connected to all drives and the motherboard.
10. Internal data cables transfer data to all drives.
 11. External cables connect peripheral devices to the computer.
12. Beep codes signify when hardware malfunctions.
13. The BIOS setup program is used to display information about the computer components and
allows the user to change system settings

7.0 References

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https://www.instructables.com/id/How-To-Assemble-A-Basic-Desktop-PC
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2618154
Fisher, T. (2020, February 19). What Is a Computer Case? . Retrieved from www.lifewire.com:
https://www.lifewire.com/what-is-a-computer-case-2618149
Fisher, T. (2020, February 28). What Is a Hard Disk Drive? Retrieved from www.lifewire.com:
https://www.lifewire.com/what-is-a-hard-disk-drive-2618152
Harper, D. (2020). computer (n). Retrieved from www.etymonline.com:
https://www.etymonline.com/word/computer
Lee, K., & Storey, Z. (2020, May 4). How to build a PC: a step-by-step guide to building the best PC.
Retrieved from techradar.com: https://www.techradar.com/how-to/how-to-build-a-pc
Rouse, M. (2019, August). read-only memory (ROM) . Retrieved from techtarget.com:
https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/read-only-memory-ROM
Saleh, S. M. (2016). Chapter 3: Computer Assembly. Retrieved from slideplayer.com:
https://slideplayer.com/slide/5770957/
techspirited. (2011, June 24). Types of Network Hardware. Retrieved from techspirited.com:
https://techspirited.com/types-of-network-hardware