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SET-2
Series GBM/2 H$moS> Z§.
Code No. 55/2/2
amob Z§. narjmWu H$moS >H$mo CÎma-nwpñVH$m Ho$ _wI-n¥ð
Roll No. >na Adí` {bIo§ &
Candidates must write the Code on the
title page of the answer-book.

 H¥$n`m Om±M H$a b| {H$ Bg àíZ-nÌ _o§ _w{ÐV n¥ð> 16 h¢ &

 àíZ-nÌ _| Xm{hZo hmW H$s Amoa {XE JE H$moS >Zå~a H$mo N>mÌ CÎma -nwpñVH$m Ho$ _wI-n¥ð> na
{bI| &
 H¥$n`m Om±M H$a b| {H$ Bg àíZ-nÌ _| >26 àíZ h¢ &
 H¥$n`m àíZ H$m CÎma {bIZm ewê$ H$aZo go nhbo, àíZ H$m H«$_m§H$ Adí` {bI| &
 Bg àíZ-nÌ H$mo n‹T>Zo Ho$ {bE 15 {_ZQ >H$m g_` {X`m J`m h¡ & àíZ-nÌ H$m {dVaU nydm©•
_| 10.15 ~Oo {H$`m OmEJm & 10.15 ~Oo go 10.30 ~Oo VH$ N>mÌ Ho$db àíZ-nÌ H$mo n‹T>|Jo
Am¡a Bg Ad{Y Ho$ Xm¡amZ do CÎma-nwpñVH$m na H$moB© CÎma Zht {bI|Jo &
 Please check that this question paper contains 16 printed pages.
 Code number given on the right hand side of the question paper should be
written on the title page of the answer-book by the candidate.
 Please check that this question paper contains 26 questions.
 Please write down the Serial Number of the question before
attempting it.
 15 minute time has been allotted to read this question paper. The question
paper will be distributed at 10.15 a.m. From 10.15 a.m. to 10.30 a.m., the
students will read the question paper only and will not write any answer on
the answer-book during this period.

^m¡{VH$ {dkmZ (g¡ÕmpÝVH$)

PHYSICS (Theory)

{ZYm©[aV g_` : 3 KÊQ>o A{YH$V_ A§H$ : 70

Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 70

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gm_mÝ` {ZX}e :
(i) g^r àíZ A{Zdm`© h¢ & Bg àíZ-nÌ _| Hw$b 26 àíZ h¢ &
(ii) Bg àíZ-nÌ Ho$ nm±M ^mJ h¢ : IÊS> A, IÊS> ~, IÊS> g, IÊS> X Am¡a IÊS> ` &
(iii) IÊS> A _| nm±M àíZ h¢, àË`oH$ H$m EH$ A§H$ h¡ & IÊS> ~ _| nm±M àíZ h¢, àË`oH$ Ho$
Xmo A§H$ h¢ & IÊS> g _| ~mah àíZ h¢, àË`oH$ Ho$ VrZ A§H$ h¢ & IÊS> X _| Mma A§H$ H$m
EH$ _yë`mYm[aV àíZ h¡ Am¡a IÊS> ` _| VrZ àíZ h¢, àË`oH$ Ho$ nm±M A§H$ h¢ &
(iv) àíZ-nÌ _| g_J« na H$moB© {dH$ën Zht h¡ & VWm{n, Xmo A§H$m| dmbo EH$ àíZ _|, VrZ A§H$m|
dmbo EH$ àíZ _| Am¡a nm±M A§H$m| dmbo VrZm| àíZm| _| AmÝV[aH$ M`Z àXmZ {H$`m J`m h¡ &
Eogo àíZm| _| AmnH$mo {XE JE M`Z _| go Ho$db EH$ àíZ hr H$aZm h¡ &
(v) Ohm± Amdí`H$ hmo Amn {ZåZ{b{IV ^m¡{VH$ {Z`Vm§H$m| Ho$ _mZm| H$m Cn`moJ H$a gH$Vo h¢ :
c = 3  108 m/s

h = 6.63  10–34 Js

e = 1.6  10–19 C

o = 4  10–7 T m A–1

o = 8.854  10–12 C2 N–1 m–2

1
= 9  109 N m2 C–2
4 o

BboŠQ´>m°Z H$m Ðì`_mZ = 9.1  10–31 kg

Ý`yQ´>m°Z H$m Ðì`_mZ = 1.675  10–27 kg
àmoQ>m°Z H$m Ðì`_mZ = 1.673  10–27 kg
AmdmoJmÐmo g§»`m = 6.023  1023 à{V J«m_ _mob
~moëQ²>µO_mZ {Z`Vm§H$ = 1.38  10–23 JK–1

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General Instructions :

(i) All questions are compulsory. There are 26 questions in all.

(ii) This question paper has five sections : Section A, Section B, Section C,
Section D and Section E.

(iii) Section A contains five questions of one mark each, Section B contains
five questions of two marks each, Section C contains twelve questions of
three marks each, Section D contains one value based question of
four marks and Section E contains three questions of five marks each.

(iv) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided
in one question of two marks, one question of three marks and all the
three questions of five marks weightage. You have to attempt only one of
the choices in such questions.

(v) You may use the following values of physical constants wherever
necessary :

c = 3  108 m/s

h = 6.63  10–34 Js

e = 1.6  10–19 C

o = 4  10–7 T m A–1

o = 8.854  10–12 C2 N–1 m–2

1
= 9  109 N m2 C–2
4 o

Mass of electron = 9.1  10–31 kg

Mass of neutron = 1.675  10–27 kg

Mass of proton = 1.673  10–27 kg

Avogadro’s number = 6.023  1023 per gram mole

Boltzmann constant = 1.38  10–23 JK–1

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IÊS> A
SECTION A

1. bmb dU© H$m àH$me Amn{VV hmoZo na H$moB© àH$me-gwJ«mhr n¥îR> àH$me-{dÚwV²-BboŠQ´>m°Z
CËg{O©V H$aVm h¡ & Bgr n¥îR> na Zrbo dU© Ho$ àH$me H$mo Amn{VV H$amZo na Š`m `h n¥îR>
àH$me-{dÚwV²-BboŠQ´>m°Z CËg{O©V H$aoJm ? H$maU Xr{OE & 1
A photosensitive surface emits photoelectrons when red light falls on it.
Will the surface emit photoelectrons when blue light is incident on it ?
Give reason.

2. {H$gr OR JoQ> H$m bm°{OH$ (VH©$) àVrH$ It{ME Am¡a BgH$s gË`_mZ gmaUr {b{IE & 1
Draw logic symbol of an OR gate and write its truth table.

3. AmaoI _| Xem©E AZwgma {H$gr {~ÝXþ ‘O’ na H$moB© {~ÝXþ Amdoe Q pñWV h¡ & O~ Q
(i) YZmË_H$, Am¡a (ii) G$UmË_H$ Amdo{eV h¡, Vmo Š`m {~ÝXþ B na {d^d VB H$s VwbZm _|
{~ÝXþ A na {d^d VA A{YH$ h¡, H$_ h¡ AWdm ~am~a h¡ ? 1
O. A. B.
A point charge Q is placed at point ‘O’ as shown in the figure. Is the
potential at point A, i.e. VA , greater, smaller or equal to potential, VB , at
point B, when Q is (i) positive, and (ii) negative charge ?
O. A. B.

4. d¡ÚwV {dÚwV²erbVm  Am¡a Mwå~H$erbVm  Ho$ {H$gr _mÜ`_ _| {dÚwV²-Mwå~H$s` Va§Jm| H$s
Mmb Ho$ {bE ì`§OH$ {b{IE & 1
Write the expression for speed of electromagnetic waves in a medium of
electrical permittivity  and magnetic permeability .

5. Š`m {H$gr gyú_Xeu H$s AmdY©Z j_Vm Cn`moJ {H$E JE àH$me Ho$ dU© na {Z^©a H$aVr h¡ ?
AnZo CÎma H$s nwpîQ> H$s{OE & 1
Does the magnifying power of a microscope depend on the colour of the
light used ? Justify your answer.

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IÊS> ~
SECTION B

6. g_mZ nXmW© Am¡a g_mZ bå~mB©, naÝVw {d{^Þ AZwàñW-H$mQ> Ho$ joÌ\$bm| A1 Am¡a A2 Ho$ Xmo
YmVw Ho$ Vma P Am¡a Q EH$ gmW g§`mo{OV h¢ Am¡a `h g§`moOZ {H$gr {d.dm. ~b Ho$ òmoV go
g§`mo{OV h¡ & BZ Vmam| P Am¡a Q go _wŠV BboŠQ´>m°Zm| Ho$ Andmh doJm| H$m AZwnmV kmV
H$s{OE, O~{H$ `o Vma (i) loUrH«$_ _|, Am¡a (ii) nmíd© (g_m§Va H«$_) _| g§`mo{OV h¢ & 2
Two metallic wires P and Q of the same material and same length but
different cross-sectional areas A1 and A2 are joined together and then
connected to a source of emf. Find the ratio of the drift velocities of free
electrons in the wires P and Q, if the wires are connected (i) in series, and
(ii) in parallel.

7. g§Mma H$s àgmaU {dYm Am¡a ñWb-ñWb g§MaU {dYm Ho$ ~rM {d^oXZ H$s{OE Am¡a àË`oH$
H$m EH$ CXmhaU Xr{OE & 2
Distinguish between broadcast mode and point-to-point mode of
communication and give one example for each.

8. `h Xem©Zo Ho$ {bE Xn©U g_rH$aU H$m Cn`moJ H$s{OE {H$ {H$gr AdVb Xn©U Ho$ f Am¡a 2f
Ho$ ~rM pñWV {H$gr {~å~ H$m à{V{~å~ 2f go nao ~ZVm h¡ & 2

AWdm
(a) Cg AdñWm (eV©) H$m C„oI H$s{OE {Og_| {H$gr IJmobr` Xÿa~rZ (Q>obrñH$mon) _|
àMwa (~¥hV²) AmdY©Z àmßV {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡ &
(b) AndVu Xÿa~rZ (Q>obrñH$mon) H$s VwbZm _| namdVu Xÿa~rZ (Q>obrñH$mon) H$mo A{YH$
dar`Vm {XE OmZo H$s ì`m»`m Ho$ {bE Xmo H$maU Xr{OE & 2

Use the mirror equation to show that an object placed between f and 2f of
a concave mirror forms an image beyond 2f.

OR
(a) State the condition under which a large magnification can be
achieved in an astronomical telescope.
(b) Give two reasons to explain why a reflecting telescope is preferred
over a refracting telescope.

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9. `§J Ho$ {Û{Par à`moJ _| naXo Ho$ {H$gr {~ÝXþ na, Ohm± g_mZ Vrd«Vm H$s Va§J| ì`{VH$aU
H$aVr h¢, Vrd«Vm kmV H$s{OE O~ Va§Jm| Ho$ ~rM nWmÝVa (i) /4, Am¡a (ii) /3 hmo & 2

Find the intensity at a point on a screen in Young’s double slit

experiment where the interfering waves of equal intensity have a path
difference of (i) /4, and (ii) /3.

10. n-àH$ma Am¡a p-àH$ma Ho$ AY©MmbH$m| _| {d^oXZH$mar Xmo {~ÝXþ {b{IE & 2
Write two points of difference between n-type and p-type semiconductors.

IÊS> g
SECTION C

11. {ÌÁ`m R Ho$ {H$gr YmpËdH$ Jmobo Ho$ n¥îR> na Amdoe Q EH$g_mZ ê$n go {dV[aV h¡ & {H$gr
{~ÝXþ 0 < x < R na {dÚwV²-joÌ (E) Am¡a {dÚwV² {d^d (V) Ho$ {bE ì`§OH$ àmßV H$s{OE &
J«mµ\$ ItMH$a x Ho$ gmW, O~{H$ 0 < x < 2R h¡, E Am¡a V H$m {dMaU Xem©BE & 3
A charge Q is distributed uniformly over a metallic sphere of radius R.
Obtain the expressions for the electric field (E) and electric potential (V)
at a point 0 < x < R.
Show on a plot the variation of E and V with x for 0 < x < 2R.

12. d¡ÚwV A{^dmh H$s n[a^mfm Xr{OE & BgH$m SI _mÌH$ {b{IE &
JmCg Ho$ {Z`_ H$m Cn`moJ H$aHo$ {H$gr AZÝV bå~mB© Ho$ EH$g_mZ Amdo{eV grYo Vma Ho$
H$maU {dÚwV²-joÌ Vrd«Vm Ho$ {bE ì`§OH$ ì`wËnÞ H$s{OE & 3
Define electric flux. Write its SI unit.
Using Gauss’s law, deduce an expression for electric field intensity due to
an infinitely long straight uniformly charged wire.

13. EH$ àmoQ>m°Z Am¡a EH$ -H$U {H$gr Mwå~H$s` joÌ Ho$ bå~dV² J_Z H$a aho h¢ & BZHo$ Ûmam
Mbo JE d¥ÎmmH$ma nWm| H$s {ÌÁ`mAm| H$m AZwnmV kmV H$s{OE O~ XmoZm| (i) Ho$ g§doJ g_mZ
hm|, Am¡a (ii) g_mZ {d^dmÝVa VH$ Ëd[aV {H$E JE hm| & 3
A proton and an -particle move perpendicular to a magnetic field. Find
the ratio of radii of the circular paths described by them when both
(i) have equal momenta, and (ii) were accelerated through the same
potential difference.

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14. Mm¡‹S>mB© ‘a’ H$s {H$gr nVbr {Par na, Bg {Par go Xÿar D na pñWV {H$gr naXo na {ddV©Z
n¡Q>Z© CËnÞ H$aZo Ho$ {bE, Va§JX¡¿`©  H$m H$moB© EH$dUu àH$me A{^bå~dV² AmnVZ H$aVm
h¡ & àmg§{JH$ AmaoI H$s ghm`Vm go, naXo na C{ƒîR> Am¡a {ZpåZîR> Ho$ {bE eV] ì`wËnÞ
H$s{OE & BZ eVm] H$m Cn`moJ `h Xem©Zo Ho$ {bE H$s{OE {H$ Ho$ÝÐr` C{ƒîR> H$s H$moUr`
Mm¡‹S>mB© {ÛVr`H$ C{ƒîR> H$s H$moUr` Mm¡‹S>mB© H$s XþJwZr hmoVr h¡ & 3

A monochromatic light of wavelength  is incident normally on a narrow

slit of width ‘a’ to produce a diffraction pattern on the screen placed at a
distance D from the slit. With the help of a relevant diagram, deduce the
conditions for maxima and minima on the screen. Use these conditions to
show that angular width of central maximum is twice the angular width
of secondary maximum.

15. ~moa Ho$ A{^J¥hrVm| H$m Cn`moJ H$aHo$, hmBS´>moOZ na_mUw H$s ndt H$jm _| J{V_mZ BboŠQ´>m°Z
H$s H$jr` Ad{Y Ho$ {bE ì`§OH$ ì`wËnÞ H$s{OE & 3

Using Bohr’s postulates, derive the expression for the orbital period of
the electron moving in the nth orbit of hydrogen atom.

16. {XE JE n[anW _|, ñWm`r Ymam Ho$ gmW, V Ho$ nXm| _| g§Ym[aÌ Ho$ {gam| na {d^d nmV
n[aH${bV H$s{OE & 3

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In the given circuit, with steady current, calculate the potential drop
across the capacitor in terms of V.

17. (a) {dÚwV²-Mwå~H$s` Va§J| {H$g àH$ma CËnÞ hmoVr h¢ ? ì`m»`m H$s{OE &

(b) H$moB© g_Vb {dÚwV²-Mwå~H$s` Va§J {H$gr _mÜ`_ _| YZmË_H$ z-{Xem Ho$ AZw{Xe
J{V_mZ h¡ & Bg {dÚwV²-Mwå~H$s` Va§J H$mo Xmobm`_mZ {dÚwV² Am¡a Mwå~H$s` joÌm| H$s
{XemAm| H$mo Xem©Vo hþE {M{ÌV H$s{OE & 3

(a) How are electromagnetic waves produced ? Explain.

(b) A plane electromagnetic wave is travelling through a medium along

the +ve z-direction. Depict the electromagnetic wave showing the
directions of the oscillating electric and magnetic fields.

–
18. (a)  -j` H$s à{H«$`m {b{IE & `Ú{n Zm{^H$m| _| -H$U Zht hmoVo {\$a ^r
ao{S>`moEopŠQ>d Zm{^H$ {H$g àH$ma -H$U CËg{O©V H$aVo h¢ ? -j` H$s Ad{Y _|
CËg{O©V hmoZo dmbo g^r BboŠQ´>m°Zm| H$s D$Om© g_mZ Š`m| Zht hmoVr ?
(b) H$moB© ^mar Zm{^H$ Xmo hëHo$ Zm{^H$m| _| {dIpÊS>V hmoVm h¡ & OZH$ Zm{^H$ AWdm
g§V{V Zm{^H$  XmoZm| _| go {H$g_| à{V Ý`ypŠbAm°Z ~ÝYZ D$Om© A{YH$ hmoVr h¡ ? 3

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–
(a) Write the process of  -decay. How can radioactive nuclei emit
-particles even though they do not contain them ? Why do all
electrons emitted during -decay not have the same energy ?

(b) A heavy nucleus splits into two lighter nuclei. Which one of the
two  parent nucleus or the daughter nuclei has more binding
energy per nucleon ?

19. ì`mo_ Va§J g§MaU Š`m h¡ ? ì`mo_ Va§J g§MaU Ho$ {bE H$m¡Z-gm Amd¥{Îm n[aga Cn`wŠV hmoVm
h¡ Am¡a Š`m| ? {H$g Amd¥{Îm n[aga _| ao{S>`mo Va§Jm| H$m Cn`moJ H$aHo$ _wŠV AdH$me _| g§Mma
{H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡ ? 3

What is sky wave propagation ? Which frequency range is suitable for

sky wave propagation and why ? Over which range of frequencies can
communication through free space using radio waves take place ?

20. (a) Amn{VV {d{H$aUm| H$s {H$gr {deof Vrd«Vm Ho$ {bE EoZmoS> {d^d Ho$ gmW àH$me
{dÚwV² Ymam Ho$ {dMaU H$mo Xem©Zo dmbm J«mµ\$ It{ME & g§V¥ßV Ymam VWm {ZamoYr
{d^d H$mo A§{H$V H$s{OE &

(b) `{X Amn{VV {d{H$aUm| H$s Amd¥{Îm 4  1015 Hz go 8  1015 Hz H$a Xr OmE,
Vmo {H$gr {XE JE àH$me-gwJ«mhr n¥îR> Ho$ {bE {ZamoYr {d^d {H$VZm A{YH$ hmo
OmEJm ? 3

(a) Draw a graph showing variation of photocurrent with anode

potential for a particular intensity of incident radiation. Mark
saturation current and stopping potential.

(b) By how much would the stopping potential for a given

photosensitive surface go up if the frequency of the incident
radiations were to be increased from 4  1015 Hz to 8  1015 Hz ?

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21. ac dmoëQ>Vm v = v0 sin t H$m H$moB© òmoV àoaH$Ëd L Ho$ {H$gr ewÕ àoaH$ Ho$ {gam| go
g§`mo{OV h¡ & n[anW _| VmËj{UH$ Ymam Ho$ {bE ì`§OH$ ì`wËnÞ H$s{OE & `h Xem©BE {H$
Bg n[anW _| Am¡gV e{ŠV j` eyÝ` h¡ & 3

A source of ac voltage v = v0 sin t, is connected across a pure inductor of

inductance L. Derive the expressions for the instantaneous current in the
circuit. Show that average power dissipated in the circuit is zero.

22. ~m`mo-gmdQ>© {Z`_ H$m Cn`moJ H$aHo$ {ÌÁ`m R Ho$ {H$gr Ymamdmhr d¥ÎmmH$ma nme Ho$ Aj Ho$
{H$gr {~ÝXþ (x) na Mwå~H$s` joÌ Ho$ {bE ì`§OH$ ì`wËnÞ H$s{OE & Bg {~ÝXþ na Mwå~H$s`
joÌ H$s {Xem {H$g àH$ma {ZYm©[aV H$s OmVr h¡ ? 3

AWdm
{MÌ _| VrZ AZÝV bå~mB© Ho$ grYo g_mZmÝVa Ymamdmhr MmbH$ Xem©E JE h¢ & kmV H$s{OE :
(i) MmbH$ 1 na pñWV {~ÝXþ A na Hw$b Mwå~H$s` joÌ H$m n[a_mU VWm {Xem &
(ii) MmbH$ 2 na Mwå~H$s` ~b & 3

Using Biot-Savart law, deduce the expression for the magnetic field at a
point (x) on the axis of a circular current carrying loop of radius R. How is
the direction of the magnetic field determined at this point ?

OR
The figure shows three infinitely long straight parallel current carrying
conductors. Find the

(i) magnitude and direction of the net magnetic field at point A lying
on conductor 1,

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(ii) magnetic force on conductor 2.

IÊS> X
SECTION D

23. gwZrb Am¡a CgHo$ _mVm-{nVm AnZr H$ma go AnZo Jm±d Om aho Wo & amñVo _| CgH$s _mVmOr Zo
{ZMbo ^dZm| H$s N>Vm| na Yyga a§J Ho$ Hw$N> n¡Zb bJo XoIo & CÝhm|Zo gwZrb go BZ n¡Zbm| Ho$
~mao _| nyN>m {H$ `o Š`m h¢ & gwZrb Zo AnZr _mVmOr H$mo ~Vm`m {H$ `o gm¡a n¡Zb h¢ &
(a) gwZrb Am¡a CgH$s _mVmOr Ûmam àX{e©V _yë` Š`m Wo ? àË`oH$ H$m EH$-EH$ _yë`
{b{IE &
(b) {H$g àH$ma gm¡a n¡Zbm| H$m Cn`moJ AË`{YH$ Cn`moJr {gÕ hmoJm ?

(c) gm¡a n¡Zbm| _| Cn`moJ hmoZo dmbr AY©MmbH$ `w{ŠV H$m Zm_ {b{IE & AmaoI H$s
ghm`Vm go g§jon _| Bg `w{ŠV H$s {H«$`m{d{Y H$s ì`m»`m H$s{OE & 4

Sunil and his parents were travelling to their village in their car. On the
way his mother noticed some grey coloured panels installed on the roof of
a low building. She enquired from Sunil what those panels were and
Sunil told his mother that those were solar panels.

(a) What were the values displayed by Sunil and his mother ? State
one value for each.

(b) In what way would the use of solar panels prove to be very useful ?

(c) Name the semiconductor device used in solar panels. Briefly

explain with the help of a diagram, how this device works.

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IÊS> `
SECTION E

24. (a) dH«$Vm {ÌÁ`m R Ho$ {H$gr CÎmb Jmobr` n¥îR>, Omo AndV©Zm§H$ n1 Am¡a n2 (n2 > n1)
Ho$ Xmo _mÜ`_m| H$mo n¥WH²$$ H$aVm h¡, Ho$ _w»` Aj na H$moB© {~ÝXþ{H$V {~å~ pñWV h¡ &
{dab go gKZ _mÜ`_ _| CÎmb Jmobr` n¥îR> na AndV©Z Ho$ {bE {H$aU AmaoI
It{ME Am¡a {~å~ Xÿar (u), à{V{~å~ Xÿar (v) VWm dH«$Vm {ÌÁ`m (R) Ho$ ~rM g§~§Y
ì`wËnÞ H$s{OE &
(b) {H$gr A{^gmar b|g H$s dm`w _| \$moH$g Xÿar 20 cm h¡ & `h b|g AndV©Zm§H$
1·6 Ho$ nXmW© H$m ~Zm h¡ & `{X `h {H$gr Ðd {OgH$m AndV©Zm§H$ 1·3 h¡, _| Sy>~m
h¡, Vmo BgH$s Z`r \$moH$g Xÿar kmV H$s{OE & 5

AWdm
(a) {H$gr H$m±M Ho$ {àµÁ_ go JwµOaZo dmbo àH$me Ho$ AndV©Z Ho$ {bE {H$aU AmaoI
It{ME Am¡a AV: {àµÁ_ Ho$ AndV©Zm§H$ , {àµÁ_ H$moU Am¡a Ý`yZV_ {dMbZ H$moU
Ho$ ~rM g§~§Y àmßV H$s{OE &
(b) Cg àH$me H$s {H$aU Ho$ {bE AmnVZ H$moU H$m _mZ {ZYm©[aV H$s{OE, Omo
AndV©Zm§H$ 1 = 2 Ho$ _mÜ`_ go {H$gr AndV©Zm§H$ 2 = 1 Ho$ _mÜ`_ _| Bg
àH$ma J_Z H$aVr h¡ {H$ `h n¥WH$Z H$aZo dmbo n¥îR> H$mo R>rH$-R>rH$ ñne© H$aVr h¡ & 5

(a) A point object is placed on the principal axis of a convex spherical

surface of radius of curvature R, which separates the two media of
refractive indices n1 and n2 (n2  n1). Draw the ray diagram and
deduce the relation between the object distance (u), image
distance (v) and the radius of curvature (R) for refraction to take
place at the convex spherical surface from rarer to denser medium.

(b) A converging lens has a focal length of 20 cm in air. It is made of a

material of refractive index 1·6. If it is immersed in a liquid of
refractive index 1·3, find its new focal length.

OR

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55/2/2 12
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(a) Draw the ray diagram showing refraction of light through a glass
prism and hence obtain the relation between the refractive index 
of the prism, angle of prism and angle of minimum deviation.

(b) Determine the value of the angle of incidence for a ray of light
travelling from a medium of refractive index 1 = 2 into the
medium of refractive index 2 = 1, so that it just grazes along the
surface of separation.

25. (a) (i) nmoQ>opÝe`mo_rQ>a H$m H$m`©H$mar {gÕmÝV {b{IE & {H$gr {XE JE
nmoQ>opÝe`mo_rQ>a H$mo Am¡a A{YH$ gwJ«mhr {H$g àH$ma ~Zm`m Om gH$Vm h¡ ?

(ii) ZrMo Xmo nmoQ>opÝe`mo_rQ>am| Ho$ {bE J«mµ\$ Xem©E JE h¢ & H$maU g{hV C„oI
H$s{OE {H$ BZ Xmo nmoQ>opÝe`mo_rQ>am| A AWdm B _| go H$m¡Z-gm A{YH$
gwJ«mhr h¡ & >

(b) g_mZ nXmW© Am¡a g_mZ bå~mB© Ho$ Xmo YmVw Ho$ Vma P1 Am¡a P2 {OZHo$
AZwàñW-H$mQ> Ho$ joÌ\$b A1 Am¡a A2 h¢, EH$-Xÿgao go Ow‹S>o h¢ Am¡a {d.dm.~b Ho$
{H$gr òmoV go g§`mo{OV h¢ & BZ XmoZm| Vmam| go _wŠV BboŠQ´>m°Zm| Ho$ Andmh doJm| H$m
AZwnmV kmV H$s{OE O~{H$ `o Vma (i) loUrH«$_ _|, Am¡a (ii) nmíd© (g_m§Va H«$_) _|
g§`mo{OV h¢ & 5

AWdm
(a) {H$gr g§Ym[aÌ H$s Ym[aVm H$s n[a^mfm Xr{OE & {Zdm©V _| {H$gr g_mÝVa n{Å>H$m
g§Ym[aÌ H$s Ym[aVm Ho$ {bE, n{Å>H$mAm| Ho$ joÌ\$b A VWm n{Å>H$mAm| Ho$ ~rM
n¥WH$Z d Ho$ nXm| _| ì`§OH$ ì`wËnÞ H$s{OE &

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55/2/2 13 P.T.O.
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(b) namd¡ÚwVm§H$ K Ho$ nXmW© Ho$ {H$gr ñb¡~ H$m CVZm hr joÌ\$b h¡, {OVZm {H$gr
3d
g_mÝVa n{Å>H$m g§Ym[aÌ H$s n{Å>H$mAm| H$m h¡ naÝVw CgH$s _moQ>mB© h¡ &
4
namd¡ÚwVm§H$ Ho$ gmW Ym[aVm Am¡a {~Zm namd¡ÚwVm§H$ Ho$ Ym[aVm H$m AZwnmV kmV
H$s{OE & 5

(a) (i) State the principle on which a potentiometer works. How

can a given potentiometer be made more sensitive ?

(ii) In the graph shown below for two potentiometers, state with
reason which of the two potentiometers, A or B, is more
sensitive.

(b) Two metallic wires, P1 and P2 of the same material and same
length but different cross-sectional areas, A1 and A2 are joined
together and connected to a source of emf. Find the ratio of the
drift velocities of free electrons in the two wires when they are
connected (i) in series, and (ii) in parallel.

OR
(a) Define the capacitance of a capacitor. Obtain the expression for the
capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor in vacuum in terms of
plate area A and separation d between the plates.

(b) A slab of material of dielectric constant K has the same area as the
3d
plates of a parallel plate capacitor but has a thickness . Find
4
the ratio of the capacitance with dielectric inside it to its
capacitance without the dielectric.

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55/2/2 14
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26. (a) \¡$amS>o H$m {dÚwV²-Mwå~H$s` àoaU H$m {Z`_ {b{IE &

(b) {MÌ _| Xem©E AZwgma 12 cm {ÌÁ`m Am¡a 8·5  à{VamoY Ho$ {H$gr d¥ÎmmH$ma nme go
JwµOaZo dmbo Mwå~H$s` joÌ _| g_` Ho$ gmW n[adV©Z hmoVm h¡ & Mwå~H$s` joÌ nme
Ho$ g_Vb Ho$ bå~dV² h¡ & nme _| ào[aV Ymam n[aH${bV H$s{OE Am¡a g_` Ho$
\$bZ Ho$ ê$n _| Bgo Ambo{IV H$s{OE &

(c) `h Xem©BE {H$ b|µO H$m {Z`_ D$Om© g§ajU H$m {ZîH$f© h¡ & 5

AWdm

(a) Cn`wŠV AmaoI H$s ghm`Vm go {H$gr CÀMm`r Q´>m§gµ\$m°_©a Ho$ H$m`©H$mar {gÕmÝV H$m
dU©Z H$s{OE & àmW{_H$ Am¡a {ÛVr`H$ Hw$ÊS>{b`m| _| \o$am| H$s g§»`m Am¡a {Zdoer d
{ZJ©V n[anWm| _| YmamAm| Ho$ nXm| _| {Zdoer Am¡a {ZJ©V dmoëQ>VmAm| Ho$ ~rM g§~§Y
àmßV H$s{OE &

(b) 90% XjVm Ho$ {H$gr CÀMm`r Q´>m§gµ\$m°_©a Ho$ {bE {Zdoer Ymam 15 A Am¡a {Zdoer
dmoëQ>Vm 100 V Xr J`r h¡ & `{X {ZJ©V Ymam 3A h¡, Vmo {ZJ©V e{ŠV Am¡a {ÛVr`H$
_| dmoëQ>Vm kmV H$s{OE & 5

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55/2/2 15 P.T.O.
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(a) State Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction.
(b) The magnetic field through a circular loop of wire 12 cm in radius
and 8·5  resistance, changes with time as shown in the figure.
The magnetic field is perpendicular to the plane of the loop.
Calculate the induced current in the loop and plot it as a function
of time.

(c) Show that Lenz’s law is a consequence of conservation of energy.

OR
(a) Describe, with the help of a suitable diagram, the working
principle of a step-up transformer. Obtain the relation between
input and output voltages in terms of the number of turns of
primary and secondary windings and the currents in the input and
output circuits.

(b) Given the input current 15 A and the input voltage of 100 V for a
step-up transformer having 90% efficiency, find the output power
and the voltage in the secondary if the output current is 3 A.

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55/2/2 16
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SET 55/2/2

MARKING SCHEME

Q. Expected Answer/ Value Points Marks Total

No. Marks
Q1 Writing Yes ½
Reason ½
Yes ½
Reason - 𝑣𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒 > 𝑣𝑟𝑒𝑑 ½
[Alternatively: 1
Energy of blue light photon is greater than energy of red light photon.]

Q2 Logic Symbol ½
Truth Table ½

½ 1

Q3 i) 𝑉𝐴 > 𝑉𝐵 ½
ii) 𝑉𝐴 < 𝑉𝐵 ½ 1

Q4
Formula 1

1
𝑐= 1
𝜇𝜖
[Alternatively,
1
𝑐= ]
𝜇 0 𝜇 𝑟 𝜖0 𝜖𝑟 1
Q5 For writing yes ½
Justification ½

Yes
1 ½
Justification: 𝑚 𝛼
𝑓0 𝑓𝑒
And focal length depends on colour/𝜇. ½ 1
Q6
Ratio of drift velocities in series 1
a)
Ratio of drift velocities in parallel 1
In series, the current remains the same.

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SET 55/2/2

𝐼 = 𝑛𝑒𝐴1 𝑉𝑑1 = 𝑛𝑒𝐴2 𝑉𝑑2 ½

𝑉𝑑1 𝐴2
∴ =
𝑉𝑑2 𝐴1 ½
In parallel potential difference is same but currents are different.
𝜚𝑙
𝑉 = 𝐼1 𝑅1 = 𝑛𝑒𝐴1 𝑉𝑑1 = 𝑛𝑒𝜚𝑉𝑑1 𝑙 ½
𝐴1
Similarly, 𝑉 = 𝐼2 𝑅2 = 𝑛𝑒𝜚𝑉𝑑2 𝑙
𝐼1 𝑅1 = 𝐼2 𝑅2
𝑉 ½ 2
∴ 𝑉𝑑 1 =1
𝑑2
Q7
Distinguishing the two nodes (½ + ½)
One example of each (½ + ½)
In point-to-point communication mode, communication takes place
over a link between a single transmitter and a single receiver. ½

In the broadcast mode, there are a large number of receivers

corresponding to a single transmitter. ½

Example: Point-to-point: telephone (any other) ½

Broadcast: T.V., Radio (any other) ½ 2

Q8 Formula ½
Image distance for 𝑢 ≤ 𝑓 + 𝑥 ½
Image distance where 𝑥 ≤ 𝑓 1
1 1 1
+𝑢 =𝑓 ( 𝑓 is negative) ½
𝑣
1
U = -f ⟹ =0⟹ 𝑣=∞ ½
𝑣
1 −1
U = -2f ⟹ = ⟹ 𝑣 = −2𝑓 ½
𝑣 2𝑓
½ 2
Hence if -2f < u < -f ⟹ −2𝑓 < 𝑣 < ∞

[Alternatively

2𝑓 > 𝑢 > 𝑓
1 1 1
− >− >− ½
2𝑓 𝑢 𝑓
1 1 1 1 1 1
− > − > − ½
𝑓 2𝑓 𝑓 𝑢 𝑓 𝑓
1 1
< <0 ½ 2
2𝑓 𝑉

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SET 55/2/2

2f < V <∝ ] ½
OR
(a) Formula for magnification ½
Conditions for large magnification ½
(b) Any two reasons ½+½

𝑓0
(a) 𝑚 = − 𝑓𝑒 ½

By increasing 𝑓0 / decreasing 𝑓𝑒 ½
(b) Any two
(i) No chromatic aberration.
(ii) No spherical aberration.
(iii) Mechanical advantage – low weight, easier to support. ½+½ 2
(iv) Mirrors are easy to prepare.
(v) More economical

Q9
Conversion of phase difference to path difference ½
Formula for Intensity ½
Finding intensity values (½ + ½)
Path difference 𝜆 4 ⟹ phase difference 𝜋 2
½
Path difference 𝜆 3 ⟹phase difference 2 𝜋 3

𝐼 = 4𝐼0 cos 2 ∅ 2 ½
1
i) 𝐼1 = 4𝐼0 𝑋 = 2𝐼0 ½
2

1 ½
ii) 𝐼2 = 4𝐼0 𝑋 = 𝐼0
4 2

Q10 Any two differences 1+1

Any two differences

S.no n- type semiconductor p- type semiconductor
1 Pentavalent impurity is Trivalent impurity is added
added 1+1
2 Electrons are the majority Holes are the majority
charge carrier/ charge carriers /
( 𝑛𝑒 ≫ 𝑛ℎ ) ( 𝑛ℎ ≫ 𝑛𝑒 )
3 New energy level formed New energy level formed
near conduction band near valence band.
2

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SET 55/2/2

Q11 Expression for electric field 1½

Expression for potential ½
Plot of graph (E 𝑉𝑠 𝑟) ½
Plot of graph (V 𝑉𝑠 r) ½

½
By Gauss theorem
𝑞
𝐸.d𝑠=𝐸 ½
0
q =0 in interval 0<x<R
⟹𝐸=0 ½
𝑑𝑉
E= -
𝑑𝑟 ½
1 𝑄
⟹ 𝑉 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 =
4𝜋𝐸0 𝑅

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SET 55/2/2

[Even if a student draws E and V for 0<r<R award ½ + ½ mark.] 3

Definition of electric flux ½

Q12 S.I. unit ½
Deducing the expression 2

The electric flux is defined as

𝜙𝐸 = 𝐸. 𝐴 = 𝐸𝐴cos𝜃 ½
2 −1
Its S.I unit is (N 𝑚 𝐶 ) ½

The Gaussian surface is cylindrical and field is radial. At the

cylindrical part of the surface, 𝐸 is normal to the surface at every point
and its magnitude is constant (since it depends only on r).
𝑞
By Gauss’s theorem : 𝐸. 𝑑𝑆 = ½
𝜖0
𝜆𝑙
∴E (2πrl) = ½
𝜖0
𝜆
or E=
2𝜋𝜖 0 𝑟 ½

3
(i) Ratio of radii with equal momenta 1½
Q13
(ii) Ratio of radii with same accelerating potential 1½

𝑚𝑣 2 ½
(i) = 𝑞𝑣𝐵
𝑟
𝑚𝑣 𝑝
∴𝑟= = (p = mv) ½
𝑞𝐵 𝑞𝐵

𝑝
For proton 𝑟𝑝 =
𝑞𝑝 𝐵
𝑝
For 𝛼 particles 𝑟𝛼 =
𝑞𝛼 𝐵

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SET 55/2/2

𝑟𝑝 𝑞𝛼
∴ = =2
𝑟𝛼 𝑞𝑝 ½
𝑚𝑣 1 2𝑚𝑉
ii) 𝑟 = =𝐵 ½
𝑞𝐵 𝑞

1 2𝑚 𝑝 𝑉
for proton 𝑟𝑝 =𝐵 𝑞𝑝

1 2𝑚 𝛼 𝑉
and for 𝛼 particles 𝑟𝛼 = 𝐵 ½
𝑞𝛼

𝑟𝑝 𝑚𝑝 𝑞𝛼
∴ =
𝑟𝛼 𝑞𝑝 𝑚𝛼

2 1
= = ½
4 2 3

Diagram ½
Q14 Path Difference ½
Condition for minima ½
Condition for maxima ½
Width of central maxima ½
Width of secondary maxima ½

The path difference

𝑁𝑃 − 𝐿𝑃 = 𝑁𝑄
= 𝑎 sin 𝜃 ≃ 𝑎𝜃 ½

By dividing the slit into an appropriate number of parts, we find that

points P for which
𝑛𝜆
i) 𝜃 = 𝑎 are points of minima. ½
1 𝜆 ½
ii) 𝜃 = 𝑛+2 are points of maxima
𝑎

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SET 55/2/2

Angular width of central maxima, 𝜃=𝜃1 − 𝜃−1

𝜆 𝜆
= − −
𝑎 𝑎
2𝜆 ½
𝜃= 𝑎

Angular width of secondary maxima = 𝜃2 − 𝜃1

2𝜆 𝜆 𝜆
= − =
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 3
1
= 2 X Angular width of central maxima ½
Bohr quantum condition ½
Q15 Expression for Time period 2½
𝑛ℎ
𝑚𝑣𝑟 = 2𝜋 ---- Bohr postulate ½
𝑚 𝑣2 1 𝑒2
Also, = 4𝜋𝜖 ½
𝑟 0 𝑟2
2
𝑒
⟺ 𝑚𝑣 2 𝑟 = ½
4𝜋𝜖0
2
𝑒 2𝜋 𝑒2
∴𝑣= 𝑋 = ½
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑛ℎ 2𝜖0 𝑛ℎ
2𝜋𝑟 2𝜋𝑚𝑣𝑟 ½
𝑇= =
𝑣 𝑚𝑣 2
𝑛ℎ
2𝜋
= 2𝜋
2
𝑒2
𝑚
2𝜖 0 𝑛 ℎ

4𝑛 3 ℎ 3 𝜖 02
=
½ 3
𝑚𝑒4
(Also accept if the student calculates T by obtaining expressions for
both 𝑣 and r.)

Q16 Calculation of current 1½

Calculation of potential across capacitor 1½

In steady state branch BE is ½

eliminated
10V − 5V ½
𝐼= A
(3 + 2)Ω
½
=1A

For loop EBCDE

½
-𝑣𝑐 − 5 + 10 − 3 × 1 = 0

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SET 55/2/2

- −𝑉𝑐 + 10 − 8 = 0 ½
∴ 𝑉𝑐 = 2 volt ½ 3

(a) Explanation of production of em waves 1½

Q17
(b) Depiction of em waves 1½
(a) An oscillating charge produces an oscillating electric field in space,
which produces an oscillating magnetic field, which in turn, is a source
of oscillating electric field and so on. Thus, oscillating electric and
magnetic fields generate each other, they then propagate in space.
1½
[Alternatively, if a student writes
Electromagnetic waves are produced by oscillating electric and
magnetic fields / oscillating charges produce em waves. Award 1
mark]

1½

Q18 a) Process of 𝛽 decay 1

Explanation of emission of 𝛽 particles 1
Reason ½
b) Correct identification ½

(a) A nucleus, that spontaneously decays by emitting an electron, or a

positron, is said to undergo 𝛽 decay
[Alternatively 𝐴𝑍X ⟶ 𝑍+1𝐴 Y + 𝑒 − + 𝜈 antineutrino
𝐴 𝐴
𝑍X ⟶ 𝑍−1Y + 𝑒 + + 𝜈 neutrino ]
[Any one] 1

During β decay, nucleons undergo a transformation.

We can have
𝑛 ⟶ 𝑝 + 𝑒− + 𝜐
⟶ A neutron converts into a proton and an electron
[Alternatively
𝑝 ⟶ 𝑛 + 𝑒+ + 𝜈
[A proton converts into a neutron and a positron] 1
It is because the neutrinos, or antineutrino, carry off different ½
amounts of energy.

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SET 55/2/2

(b) (b) The daughter nuclei have more binding energy per nucleon. ½ 3

Q19 Sky wave propagation 1

Frequency range, reason 1
Frequency range through free space 1

In sky wave propagation, long distance communication is achieved by

ionospheric reflection of radio waves back towards the earth. 1

The frequency range is from a few Mega hertz to 30/40 Mega hertz.
The ionospheric layers can act as a reflector over the frequency range 1
(3 MHz to 30/40 MHz). Higher frequencies penetrate through it.

The frequency range for communication of radio waves through free

space is the entire range of radio frequencies, i.e. a few hundred kHz to
a few GHz.
(waves having frequency beyond 40 MHz) 1 3

Q20 (a) Plotting of graph ½

Marking saturation current ½
Marking stopping potential ½
(b) Photoelectric equation ½
Calculation of increases in stopping potential 1

(a) Graph:

½+½+
½

(b) We know that e𝑉0 = ℎ𝜐 − 𝜙 ½

∴ 𝑒𝑉1 = h𝜈1 -𝜙
and 𝑒𝑉2 = h𝜈2 -𝜙
Increase in potential
ℎ ½
∴ 𝑉2 -𝑉1 =𝑒 (𝜈2 -𝜈1 )
6.63 × 10−34
= 8 × 1015 − 4 × 1015 V
1.6 × 10−19 3
=16.5 V

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SET 55/2/2

Derivation of instantaneous current 2

Q21
Derivation of average power dissipated 1
Given 𝑉 = 𝑉0 sin 𝑤𝑡
𝑑𝑖 𝑉
𝑉 = 𝐿 ⟹ 𝑑𝑖 = 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝐿 ½
L

V0 𝒗 = 𝒗𝟎 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒘𝒕
∴ 𝑑𝑖 = sin 𝑤𝑡 𝑑𝑡 ½
𝐿

V
Integrating 𝑖 = − 𝑤𝐿0 cos 𝑤𝑡 ½
V0
∴𝑖=− sin 𝜋 2 − 𝑤𝑡 = 𝐼0 sin 𝜋 2 − 𝑤𝑡
𝑤𝐿 ½
𝑉
where 𝐼0 = 𝑤𝐿0
Average power
𝑇

𝑃𝑎𝑣 = 𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑡
½
0
−𝑉02 𝑇
= 𝑤𝐿 0 sin 𝑤𝑡 cos 𝑤𝑡 𝑑𝑡

−𝑉 2 𝑇
=2𝑤𝐿0 0
sin(2 𝑤𝑡)𝑑𝑡

=0 ½ 3

Q22 Biot Savart’s Law ½

Deduction of Expression 2
Direction of magnetic field ½

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SET 55/2/2

𝜇 𝑑𝑙 × 𝑟
𝑑𝐵 = 4𝜋0 I ½
𝑟3
𝜇 0 𝐼𝑑𝑙
[OR 𝑑𝐵 = 4𝜋 ]
𝑟2

Here 𝑟 2 = 𝑥 2 +𝑅 2
𝜇0 𝐼 𝑑𝑙
dB=
4𝜋 𝑥 2 +𝑅 2 ½
dB⊥ =0
𝑅 ½
d𝐵𝑥 = dB cos 𝜃 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 1
𝑥 2 +𝑅 2 2

𝜇 0 𝐼𝑑𝑙 𝑅
d𝐵𝑥 = 3
4𝜋
(𝑥 2 +𝑅 2 )2

𝜇 0 𝐼 𝑅2 ½
𝐵= 𝑑𝐵𝑥 𝑖= 𝑖
2(𝑥 2 +𝑅 2 ) 3/2
½ 3
Direction- Can be determined by right hand thumb rule.

[Alternatively: By using vector form of Biot Savart law]

OR
(i) Magnitude of magnetic field at A 1
Direction of magnetic field at A ½
(ii) Magnitude of magnetic force on conductor 2 1
Direction of magnitude force on conductor 2 ½

𝜇 0 2(3𝐼) 𝜇0 6𝐼
(i) 𝐵2 = = into the plane of the paper/ ⊗ . ½
4𝜋 𝑟 4𝜋 𝑟

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SET 55/2/2

𝜇 2(4𝐼) 𝜇 8𝐼
𝐵3 = 0 = 0 out of the plane of the paper/(ʘ). ½
4𝜋 3𝑟 4𝜋 3𝑟
𝐵𝐴 = 𝐵2 − 𝐵3 into the paper.
𝜇 10𝐼
=4𝜋0 3𝑟
into the plane of the paper. ⊗ ½

𝜇 2𝐼 (3𝐼)
(ii) 𝐹21 = 0
4𝜋 𝑟 away from wire1 (/towards 3) ½

𝜇 2 3𝐼 (4𝐼) ½
𝐹23 = 0
4𝜋 2𝑟
away from wire 3 (towards 1)
Fnet = F23 − F21 towards wire1
3
𝜇0 6 𝐼 2
=4𝜋 𝑟
towards wire 1 ½

Values displayed 1+1

Q23 Usefulness of solar panels ½
Name of semiconductor device ½
Diagram of the device ½
Working of device ½
a) Value displayed by mother:
Inquisitive / scientific temperament / wants to learn / any
other. 1
Value displayed by Sunil:
Knowledgeable / helpful/ considerate 1

b) Provide clean / green energy

Reduces dependence on fossil fuels, ½
Environment friendly energy source.
½
c) Solar Cell

(full marks for any one figure out of a &b)

Working: When light falls on the device the solar cell generates an ½ 4
emf.

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SET 55/2/2

Q24 a) Diagram 1
Derivation of the relation 2
b) Lens Maker’s formula – ½
Calculation of f in water – 1½

For small angles

𝑀𝑁 𝑀𝑁
tan ∠𝑁𝑂𝑀 = : tan ∠𝑁𝐶𝑀 =
𝑂𝑀 𝑁𝐶

𝑀𝑁
and tan ∠𝑁𝐼𝑀 =
𝑀𝐼

For ∆𝑁𝑂𝐶, i is exterior angle, therefore

𝑀𝑁 𝑀𝑁
i = ∠𝑁𝑂𝑀 + ∠𝑁𝐶𝑀 = + ½
𝑂𝑀 𝑀𝐶

𝑀𝑁 𝑀𝑁
Similarly r = -
𝑀𝐶 𝑀𝐼 ½

For small angles Snells law can be written as

𝑛1 i = 𝑛2 𝑟
𝑛1 𝑛2 𝑛 2 −𝑛 1
∴ + = ½
𝑂𝑀 𝑀𝐼 𝑀𝐶

∴ OM= - u, MI = +v MC= +R (using sign conversion)

𝑛2 𝑛1 𝑛2− 𝑛1
∴ - = ½
𝑣 𝑢 𝑅

(b) Lens Maker’s formula is

1 𝑛2 − 1 1 1
= ( − ) ½
𝑓𝑎 𝑛1 𝑅1 𝑅2

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SET 55/2/2

1 1 1
∴ 20 = 1.6 − 1 (𝑅 − 𝑅 )
1 2

1 1 1 1
∴ − = = ½
𝑅1 𝑅2 20 × 0.6 12

Let f be the focal length of the lens in water

1 1.6 − 1.3 1 1 0.3

∴ = − = ½
𝑓′ 1.3 𝑅1 𝑅2 12 × 1.3
120×1.3
Or 𝑓 ′ = 3
= 52𝑐𝑚 ½ 5

OR

(a) Diagram ½
Obtaining the relation 3
(b) Numerical 1½
(a)

½
From fig ∠𝐴 + ∠𝑄𝑁𝑅 = 1800 ------- (1)
From triangle ∆𝑄𝑁𝑅 𝑟1+𝑟2 + ∠𝑄𝑁𝑅 = 1800 --(2)
Hence from equ (1) &(2)
∴ ∠𝐴 = 𝑟1 + 𝑟2 ½
The angle of deviation
𝛿 = (𝑖 − 𝑟1 )+(e-𝑟2 )= i+e-A ½
At minimum deviation i=e and 𝑟1 =𝑟2
𝐴
∴𝑟= ½
2
𝐴+𝛿𝑚
And i= ½
2
Hence refractive index
𝐴 + 𝛿𝑚
sin 𝑖 sin 2
𝜇= = ½
sin 𝑟 sin 𝐴/2

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SET 55/2/2

(b) From Snell’s law 𝜇1 sin 𝑖 = 𝜇2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑟 ½

Given 𝜇1 = 2, 𝜇2 =1 and r= 900 (just grazing)
1
∴ 2 sin i= 1 sin 900 ⟹ sin 𝑖 ½
2
0
𝑜𝑟 𝑖 = 45 ½ 5

a) (i) Principle of potentiometer 1

Q25 How to increase sensitivity ½
(ii) Name of potentiometer ½
Reason ½
b) Formula ½
(i) Ratio of drift velocities in series 1
(ii) Ratio of drift velocities in parallel 1
a) (i) The potential difference across any length of wire is directly
proportional to the length provided current and area of cross
section are constant i.e., 𝐸 𝑙 = 𝜙𝑙 where 𝜙 is the potential drop 1
per unit length.

It can be made more sensitive by decreasing current in the main

circuit /decreasing potential gradient / ½
increasing resistance put in series with the potentiometer wire.
ii) Potentiometer B ½
Has smaller value of 𝑉 𝑙 (slope / potential gradient). ½

b) In series, the current remains the same. ½

𝐼 = 𝑛𝑒𝐴1 𝑉𝑑1 = 𝑛𝑒𝐴2 𝑉𝑑2 ½

𝑉𝑑1 𝐴2
∴ = ½
𝑉𝑑2 𝐴1
In parallel potential difference is same but currents are different.
𝜚𝑙
𝑉 = 𝐼1 𝑅1 = 𝑛𝑒𝐴1 𝑉𝑑1 = 𝑛𝑒𝜚𝑉𝑑1 𝑙 ½
𝐴1
Similarly, 𝑉 = 𝐼2 𝑅2 = 𝑛𝑒𝜚𝑉𝑑2 𝑙
𝐼1 𝑅1 = 𝐼2 𝑅2 ½ 5
𝑉
∴ 𝑉𝑑 1 =1
𝑑2

OR

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SET 55/2/2

(a) Definition of capacitance 1

1
Obtaining capacitance 2
(b) Ratio of capacitances 2
a) Capacitance equals the magnitude of the charge on each plate
needed to raise the potential difference between the plates by
unity.
OR
[The capacitance is defined as
𝑞
𝑐= ]
𝑉

½
Consider parallel plates of area A
Plate separation d, the potential difference applied across it is V.
The electric field
𝜎 𝑞 ½
𝐸= =
𝜖0 𝜖0 𝐴
½
Electric field = potential gradient
𝑉
∴𝐸= ½
𝑑
𝑉 𝑞
Hence, =
𝑑 ∈0 𝐴
𝑞 ∈0 𝐴
c= = ½
V 𝑑

b) The capacitance without dielectric is

𝜖0 𝐴
𝐶0 = ½
𝑑
The capacitance of the capacitor, partially filled with dielectric
constant K, thickness t is
∈0 𝐴
𝑐=
𝑑−𝑡+𝑡 𝑘 ½
3𝑑 ∈ 𝐴
Given 𝑡 = 4 ∴ 𝑐 = 0 3𝑑
𝑑− ½
4

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SET 55/2/2

4𝑘 𝜖0 𝐴
∴𝑐=
𝑘+3 𝑑
𝑐 4𝑘
∴ =
𝑐0 𝑘+3
[Alternatively,
½
The capacitance, with dielectric, can be treated as a series
combination of two capacitors.
½
𝜖0 𝐴
𝐶1 = 𝐾
3
4𝑑
𝜖0 𝐴
𝐶2 =
1
4𝑑
½

𝜖 𝐴 𝜖0 𝐴
𝐾 30 1
𝑑
∴𝐶=
𝐶1 𝐶2
= 4 4𝑑
𝐶1 + 𝐶2 𝜖0 𝐴 4 ½ 5
𝑘+4
𝑑 3
4 𝜖0𝐴 4
= = 𝐶0
(3+𝑘) 𝑑 (3+𝑘)
𝑐 4
= ]
𝑐0 𝑘+3
a) Statement of Faraday’s Law 1
Q26
b) Calculation of current 2
Graph of current 1
c) Lenz’s Law 1
(a) Faraday’s law: The magnitude of the induced emf in a circuit is
equal to the time rate of change of magnetic flux through the 1
circuit.
𝑑∅
[Alternately: 𝑒 = − 𝑑𝑡 ]
(b) Area=𝜋𝑅 2 = 𝜋 𝑋 1.44 𝑋 10−2 𝑚2
= 4.5 𝑋 10−2 𝑚2
For 0<t<2
𝑑∅1 𝑑𝐵
Emf 𝑒1 = = −𝐴 ½
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

1
=−4.5 𝑋 10−2 𝑋
2
𝑒1 2.25 𝑋 10−2 ½
𝐼1 = − = − = −2.7 𝑚𝐴
𝑅 8.5
For 2<t<4
𝑒2 ½
𝐼2 = = 0
𝑅

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SET 55/2/2

For 4<t<6
𝑒3 ½
𝐼3 = − = +2.7 𝑚𝐴
𝑅

(c )

If a north pole of the bar magnet moves towards the coil the
magnetic flux through the coil increases. Hence induced current is
counter clockwise (to oppose the increase in flux, by producing a
north pole.)

In this situation the bar magnet experiences a repulsive force, 1 5

therefore work has to be done to move the magnet towards the
coil. It is this work that gets converted into electrical energy.

OR

a) Diagram ½
Principle ½
Relation between voltage, number of turns, and Currents 2 ½
(b) Input power ½
Output power ½
Output voltage ½

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SET 55/2/2

Working principle

- Whenever current in one coil changes an emf gets induced in

the neighboring coil /Principle of mutual induction
½
Voltage across secondary.
𝑑𝜙
𝑉𝑠 = 𝑒𝑠 = − 𝑁𝑠
𝑑𝑡
Voltage across primary ½
𝑑𝜙
𝑉𝑝 = 𝑒𝑝 = −𝑁𝑝
𝑑𝑡
𝑉𝑠 𝑁𝑠
= ( here 𝑁𝑠 > 𝑁𝑝 ) ½
𝑉𝑝 𝑁𝑝
In an Ideal transformer
½
Power Input= Power Input
𝐼𝑝 𝑉𝑝 = 𝐼𝑠 𝑉𝑠
𝑉𝑠 𝐼𝑝
= ½
𝑉𝑝 𝐼𝑠
𝑉𝑠 𝑁𝑠 𝐼𝑝
∴ = =
𝑉𝑝 𝑁𝑝 𝐼𝑠
½
(b) Input power,𝑃𝑖 = 𝐼𝑖 . 𝑉𝑖 = 15 × 100
=1500 W
90
Power output, 𝑃0 = 𝑃𝑖 × 100 = 1350 𝑊 ½
⟹ 𝐼0 𝑉0 − 1350𝑊
1350
Output voltage, 𝑉0 = 3 𝑉 = 450 𝑉 ½
5
½

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