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Pengolahan Data

The document discusses the process of qualitative data collection and analysis in research. It involves collecting data through observation, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. The data is then transcribed, coded, and analyzed to identify themes. The coding process involves categorizing the data to reduce it into key themes and patterns. The analysis is done simultaneously with data collection and interpretation to understand the perspectives of participants. The findings are then presented thematically to show the relationships between categories and connect them back to the data sources.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
63 views15 pages

Pengolahan Data

The document discusses the process of qualitative data collection and analysis in research. It involves collecting data through observation, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. The data is then transcribed, coded, and analyzed to identify themes. The coding process involves categorizing the data to reduce it into key themes and patterns. The analysis is done simultaneously with data collection and interpretation to understand the perspectives of participants. The findings are then presented thematically to show the relationships between categories and connect them back to the data sources.

Uploaded by

naelnael chaa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Pengolahan Data

Penelitian
Kualitatif
Anggorowati
Pengumpulan data
Observasi

Wawancara mendalam

Focus Group
Discussion
Pengumpulan data
• Melibatkan sejumlah data
• Rekaman melalui tulisan tangan, video
• Pengumpulan dengan audio-video akan ditranskrib
• Pengalaman transkriber, 8 jam transcrib dari 45 menit
perekaman, menjadi sekitar 20-30 halaman
• Pelengkap dengan catatan lapangan: impressi, konteks
lingkungan, perilaku nonverbal
Pengolahan data
• Deskripsi naratif dari hasil observasi
• Transkripsi hasil rekaman wawancara, focus group
discussion
• Memasukkan dalam diary refleksi
• Beri cacatan khusus saat membaca
• Dengarkan rekaman berulang-ulang
Tahapan dasar analisis
data
Data
interpretation –
Raw data ‘coding’,
management- Mengkatagorikan
‘data cleaning’ (‘clustering’)

Data reduction, – Data


Membagi-bagi , representation –
‘coding’ ‘telling the story’,
‘making sense of the
data for others’
Transcribing and Checking
• Interview/ FGD di buat transkrip.
• Mengkonversi dari bahasa verbal ke bahasa tulis.
• For anyone new to conducting qualitative research, it is
beneficial to transcribe at least one interview and one focus
group. It is only by doing this that researchers realize how
difficult the task is, and this realization affects their
expectations when asking others to transcribe.
Transcribing and Checking
• All audio recordings should be transcribed verbatim,
regardless of how intelligible the transcript may be when it is
read back. Lines of text should be numbered. Once the
transcription is complete, the researcher should read it while
listening to the recording and do the following: correct any
spelling or other errors; anonymize the transcript so that the
participant cannot be identified from anything that is said
(e.g., names, places, significant events); insert notations for
pauses, laughter, looks of discomfort; insert any punctuation,
such as commas and full stops (periods)
• Dealing with the transcription of a focus group is slightly
more difficult, as multiple voices are involved. One way of
transcribing such data is to “tag” each voice (e.g., Voice A,
Voice B). In addition, the focus group will usually have 2
facilitators, whose respective roles will help in making sense
of the data.
Reading between the Lines
• The researcher can begin to get a feel for the participant’s
experience of the phenomenon in question and can start to
think about things that could be pursued in subsequent
interviews or focus groups.
• In this way, one participant’s narrative informs the next, and
the researcher can continue to interview until nothing new is
being heard or, as it says in the text books, ‚saturation is
reached‛.
Analisis transkrip
• Analisis terhadap transkrip bertujuan:
• Menangkap makna dari teks untuk menunjukkan
bagaimana makna dominan yang ada dalam teks dan
makna yang dapat dipertentangkan yg bersifat, spesifik.
• Menunjukkan makna-makna yang melekat dalam suatu
teks, utamanya makna tersembunyi yang terkandung
dalam teks.
• Menganalisis bagaimana teks berkaitan dengan
kehidupan, pengalaman, kenyataan, dan hal-hal yg
bermakna tentang subyek penelitian.
Pengkodean
• Proses penyederhanaan data dan pengelompokan data
secara analitis.
• Prosedur pengkodean data kualitatif
o Pengkodean terbuka : menempatkan data mentah ke dalam kategori-kategori
tema.
o Pengkodean aksial : mengelompokkan tema-tema yang ada, memperhatikan
konsep-konsep kunci yang muncul, dan melihat kaitannya.
o Pengkodean selektif : memilih kasus-kasus untuk menggambarkan dan
membandingkan tema-tema.
Coding
• Once all of the research interviews have been transcribed and
checked, it is time to begin coding. Field notes compiled during an
interview can be a useful complementary source of information to
facilitate this process, as the gap in time between an interview,
transcribing, and coding can result in memory bias regarding
nonverbal or environmental context issues that may affect
interpretation of data.
• Coding refers to the identification of topics, issues, similarities, and
differences that are revealed through the participants’ narratives and
interpreted by the researcher. This process enables the researcher to
begin to understand the world from each participant’s perspective.
Coding can be done by hand on a hard copy of the transcript, by
making notes in the margin or by highlighting and naming sections
of text.
Analisis data
• Proses analisis data akan dilakukan secara bersamaan
dengan proses pengumpulan data, proses intepretasi
data, dan juga penulisan “narrative reporting.”Dalam
proses analisis, peneliti melakukan proses reduksi dan
intepretasi data.
• Dalam proses ini peneliti melakukan re-
contextualization dan de-contextualization.
o Re-contextualization dilakukan pada saat peneliti berupaya untuk melakukan
organisasi data dengan cara meletakkan data tersebut dalam konteks makna
yang ada.
o De-contextualization dilakukan untuk mencari rangkaian gejala yang tidak
terkait dan karenanya mengaburkan makna gejala utama yang diteliti.
Presentasi data
• Proses analisis data memerlukan beberapa bentuk
presentasi data yang dapat memudahkan pembaca
untuk memahami kompleksitas gejala yang diteliti.
• Presentasi ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan
o hubungan antara kategori-kategori yang muncul dari data,
o Keterkaitan antara kategori yang muncul dengan sumber data.

Peneliti perlu untuk mengidentifikasi prosedur coding yang dilakukan untuk


mereduksi informasi ke dalam berbagai tema dan kategori.
Prosedur coding ini melibatkan berbagai proses yaitu pemilahan informasi,
mengembangkan coding categories, dan menciptakan kategori, tema dan pola.
Theming
• Theming refers to the drawing together of codes from one or
more transcripts to present the findings of qualitative research
in a coherent and meaningful way.
• Identifikasi kata kunci
• Identiifasi kata kunci yang sama antar partisipan,
menjadi satu kategori
• Beberapa kategori menjadi satu tema

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