Ultracold Atoms: Juan Hernández Paula Carvajal Edward Siza Juan Pinzón Andrés Fernández
Ultracold Atoms: Juan Hernández Paula Carvajal Edward Siza Juan Pinzón Andrés Fernández
Juan Hernández Paula Carvajal Edward Siza Juan Pinzón Andrés Fernández
Ingeniería en energía Ingeniería en energía Ingeniería en energía Ingeniería en energía Ingeniería en energía
SUMMARY
En este trabajo investigamos sobre átomos ultra fríos, siendo estos
son usados por los científicos para saber más acerca de la
mecánica cuántica. Buscando información, encontramos un tema
interesante llamado “computación cuántica”. Primero que todo,
explicaremos como los científicos hacen para llevar esos átomos
hasta ciertas temperaturas cercanas al cero absoluto. Después, nos
enfocaremos en el computador cuántico y cómo funciona este en
realidad.
ABSTRACT
In this work we investigated about ultracold atoms and how Picture 1
scientists use them to know more about quantum mechanics.
Looking for information about this we found an interesting topic (Ultracold atoms – Bose-Einstein condensate)
called “the quantum computing”. First of all, we explain how Quantum physics studies the behavior of microscopic particles. It
scientists do to bring those atoms until those temperatures above looks for a better understanding of this new world and works in
the absolute zero. Then we focus on the quantum computer and the application of the quantum mechanics in our everyday life.
how it is actually working. The atoms under certain conditions take quantum properties;
particles take the form of long wave, they can occupy two spaces
KNOWNLEDGE AREA at the same time.
The knowledge area that this article cover is: Sciences, Laser cooling is the process that allows one atom to get freezed a
engineering and informatics. millionth of a degree above the absolute zero. What is done with
lasers is a tune slightly below the resonance frequency of the
KEY WORDS atom. If they match, the atom absorbs a photon getting a
The key words for this article are: Atoms, Bose-Einstein mechanical impulse and emits it in random directions. After the
condensate, laser, quantum computer, bits and qubits. photon is emitted, the atom is ready to receive another boost and
so perform this process repeated times. Then, if six laser beams
1. INTRODUCTION shoot the atom from three directions in space (x, y, and z); they
The ultracold atoms are atoms whose temperatures have been can slow down the rate of the particle.
reduced until one close to the absolute zero. These atoms have
been investigated since the eighties, a time when the Colorado
laboratory and its experimental group showed the first images of
ultracold atoms. Having prior knowledge of some terms used in
science, we will investigate about these sorts of atoms to
understand their behavior and to know their use in science.
2. THEORICAL FRAMEWORK
Atoms are microscopic particles which are impossible to detect by
the human eye. Additionally, these particles have an extremely
high rate (about 4000 km / h), hindering the process of
understanding about their behavior. For a detailed study, scientists
try to stop these atoms and therefore to understand how they act in Picture 2
their environment. Thus, when the atom loses its speed, it gets
(Laser cooling process.)
new properties which are not characteristic of it, and these
properties become a new interest for researchers around the world. Quantum systems have great potential that could be used to
benefit humans. These systems can have different jobs but all with
the same goal: to solve big problems and have more accuracy in
predicting an outcome. Quantum systems have been used to inserted above the middle of the transistor, electrons start to move
decipher the constant of gravity, to have a better and more from one side to the other creating a “flow of electrons” which
accurate view of time, to develop simulators for the study of deed information from the source to the drain.
quantum mechanics, and to perform quantum computers. We propose a transistor which can read all the information that a
Quantum computing came up based on the need that man will qubit can have. As we know, the quantum computer selects the
have in the future. This uses quantum mechanical phenomena to best option to show us, but we don’t know what the other options
perform very extensive operations, which common computers are and why this machine picked it out. If we have all the options
could not do, or would take too long to make them. The difference from the qubit and take a “screenshot” of them, then we will have
between these is given by their binary codes. A digital computer the binary code. After that, if we put a transistor to read this code
has a universal language known as the language of "zeros and and to “translate” it, then we get all the possible options in a
ones", but quantum computers have a different process. Thanks to language we can understand, and we will know why the computer
the phenomenon of superposition, which says that a particle can did not choose the other ones.
occupy more than one space simultaneously, the binary code is
optimized. This occurs because in a space where a zero exists, 4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
there will be a one at the same time, and vice versa. The following Foremost, we would like to express our gratitude to Professor
table establishes the difference between bits and qubits states Jauri Leon for being aware of our concerns and advise about the
depending on the number of bits in a computer redaction of this article. Also we thank to Alejandra Rivera to
carry out the necessary corrections within rules and writing.
.Table 1 (States of a bit and a qubit depending on the quantity
of bits in the computer.) 5. REFERENCES
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Some methods for manipulating qubits tested are:
(September, 2000), ISBN 0-521-63503-9.
* Ions or atoms traps: If we consider a trapped ion in an ion trap
[6] Noemi G. Gomez Madrid, El ordenador cuántico no es
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ciencia ficción,07(Sep,2014) DOI=
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* Nuclear spins: The spin of the various atomic nuclei in a simple es-ciencia-ficcion/
molecule, or the polarization of magnetization of these nuclei in a
vast number of identical molecules can be used as qubits.
Currently, there are three types of quantum algorithms:
- The Shor’s algorithm.
- The Grover’s algorithm.
- The Deutsch-Jozsa’s algorithm.