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Using Newton's Interpolation and Aitken's Method for Solving First Order
Differential Equation

Article  in  World Applied Sciences Journal · May 2020

DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wasj.2020.191.194

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World Applied Sciences Journal 38 (3): 191-194, 2020
ISSN 1818-4952
© IDOSI Publications, 2020
DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wasj.2020.191.194

Using Newton's Interpolation and Aitken's Method

for Solving First Order Differential Equation

IDE Nasr Al Din

Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Aleppo University, Syria

Abstract: In recent years, there has been greater attempt to solving differential equations by analytic
methodsand numerical methods. Most of researchers treated numerical approach to solve first order ordinary
differential equations. These methods such as RungeKutta method, Taylor series method and Euler’s method,
etc. Faith Chelimo Kosgeistudied this problem by combined the newton’s interpolation and Lagrange method.
This study will combine of Newton’s interpolation and Aitken's methodas hybrid technique by using these tow
types of interpolation to solve first order differential equation.

Key words: Differential equation Analytic method Numerical method Newton’s interpolation method
Aitken's method

INTRODUCTION Combined Newton’s Interpolation and Lagrange

Method [1]: This study combine both Newton’s
In real life situation many problems can be formulated interpolation methodand Lagrange method. It used
in theform of ordinary differential equation, specially of newton’s interpolation method tofind the second two
first order, hence we need to study and solve the terms then use the three values for y toform a quadratic
differential equations. A numerical method is used to equation using Lagrange interpolation method as follows;
solve numerical problems. The differential equation
problem [1-7], consists of at least one differential equation Newton’s Interpolation Method [1, 6]:
and at least one additional equation such that the system
together have one and only one solution called the f n ( x)  a0  a1 ( x  x0 )  a2 ( x  x0 )( x  x1 )  ... 
analytic or exact solution to distinguish it from the an ( x  x0 )( x  x1 )...a2 ( x  xn1 ) (2)
approximate numerical solutions that we shall consider.
In thispaper, to find the solution of differential equation where
of first order, Faith C. K [1] studied this problem by using
f ( x2 )  f ( x1 ) f ( x1 )  f ( x0 )
combination of newton’s interpolation and Lagrange 
f ( x1 )  f ( x0 ) ( x2  x1 ) ( x1  x0 )
method. In this study we will combine of Newton’s a0  y0 , a1  , a2 
( x1  x0 ) ( x2  x0 )
interpolation and Aitken's method [2-4, 6, 8]. Finally we
verified on a number of examples and numerical results (3)
obtained show the efficiency of the methodgiven by
present study in comparison with the method of Faith etc
C. K [1]. Let’s consider the following first order differential
Lagrang Interpolation Method [1, 6]:
equation or initial value problem.

( x  x1 )  ( x  x2 ) ( x  x0 )  ( x  x2 )
y '  f ( x, y), y( x )  y (1) yn  y0  y1 
( x0  x1 )( x0  x2 ) ( x1  x0 )( x1  x2 )
( x  x0 )  ( x  x1 ) (4)
where f (x, y) is a known function and the values in the y2
initialconditions are also known numbers. ( x2  x0 )( x2  x1 )

Corresponding Author: Dr. IDE Nasr Al Din, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Aleppo University, Syria.
E-mail: [email protected].
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 World Appl. Sci. J., 38 (3): 191-194, 2020

Description of the Method: This method will combine Table 1: Solution of dy  1  y , y(0)=0
dx
both Newton’s interpolation methodand Aitken method.
It used newton’s interpolation method tofind the second Combined Newton's
two terms then use the three values for y toform a linear x Interpolation and Aitken s
or quadratic equations using Aitken interpolation method 0 0 0
as follows; 0.01 0.0100 0.009950166251
0.02 0.0199 0.019801326
f n ( x)  a0  a1 ( x  x0 )  a2 ( x  x0 )( x  x1 )  ...  0.03 0.0297 0.029554466
an ( x  x0 )( x  x1 )...a2 ( x  xn1 ) (5) 0.04 0.0394 0.03921056
0.05 0.0490 0.048770575
where 0.06 0.0585 0.058235466
f ( x2 )  f ( x1 ) f ( x1 )  f ( x0 ) 0.07 0.0679 0.06760618

f ( x1 )  f ( x0 ) ( x2  x1 ) ( x1  x0 )
a0  y0 , a1  , a2  0.08 0.0772 0.076883653
( x1  x0 ) ( x2  x0 )
0.09 0.0864 0.086068814
(6) 0.1 0.0955 0.095162581
etc
a0  0  y0
y1  a0  a1( x  x0 ) (7)
f ( x1 )  f ( x0 ) dy
a1   [ ]0,0  1
( x1  x0 ) dx
y2  a0  a1( x  x0 )  a2 ( x  x0 )( x  x1) (8)
y1  0  1(0.01  0)  0.01
Note: We can use Newton's Forward Interpolation f ( x2 )  f ( x1 ) f ( x1 )  f ( x0 )

Formula instead of Newton's divided Interpolation method ( x2  x1 ) ( x1  x0 )
a2  
in (2.1). ( x2  x0 )
dy dy
[ ]0.01,0.01  [ ]0,0
Aitken Interpolation Method [6]: dx dx  0.05
0.02  0
1 yo xo  x
Po, k  x  (9)
y
xk  xo k xk  x y2  0  a1(0.02  0)  0.5(0.02  0)(0.02  0.01)  0.0199

1 Po,1  x  x1  x Now, forming linear and quadratic using Aitken

Po,1,2  x   (10)
x2  x1 Po,2  x x2  x Method

P0,1 ( x)  x
1 Po,1,...,n1  x xn1  x
yn  Po,1,2,..., n  x
P0,2 ( x)  0.995 x
xn  xn1 Po,1,...,n2, n  x  xn  x
P0,1,2 ( x)  0.5 x 2  1.005 x
(11)
Hence, we can take the approximation solution of
Examples: In this section, we will check the effectiveness linear and quadratic using Aitken Method, if we take
of thepresent technique (3). First numerical comparison quadratic using Aitken Method, we find the same solution
for the following test examples taken in [1]. givenby Faith C. K [1], Table. 1.

Example 1: Example 2:

dy dy
Solve  1  y, y (0)  0 Solve  x2  y, y (0)  1
dx dx

By taking the step h = 0.01 By taking the step h = 0.01

First by using Newton's interpolation, we have First by using Newton's interpolation, we have

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 World Appl. Sci. J., 38 (3): 191-194, 2020

a0  1  y0 Table 2: Solution of dy  x 2  y, y (0)  1

f ( x1 )  f ( x0 ) dy dx
a1   [ ]0,1  1
( x1  x0 ) dx Combined Newton's
y1  1  1(0.01  0)  0.99 x Interpolation and Aitken s
f ( x2 )  ( x1) f ( x1 )  f ( x0 ) dy dy 0 1 1
 [ ]0.01,0.99  [ ]0,1
( x2  x1 ) ( x1  x0 ) 0.01 0.99 0.990050166
a2   dx dx  0.505
( x2  x0 ) 0.02  0.01 0.02 0.980101 0.980201326
y2  1  1(0.02  0)  0.505(0.02  0)(0.02  0.01)  0.980101 0.03 0.970303 0.970454466
0.04 0.960606 0.96081056
Now, forming linear and quadratic using Aitken 0.05 0.950101 0.951270575
Method 0.06 0.941515 0.941835466
0.07 0.932121 0.93250618
0.08 0.922828 0.923283653
P0,1 ( x)  1  x
0.09 0.913636 0.914168814
P0,2 ( x)  1  0.99495 x 0.1 0.904545 0.905162582

P0,1,2 ( x)  0.505 x 2  1.00505 x  1 Table 3: Solution of dy

 y  x , y (0)  0.5
dx
Hence, we can take the approximation solution of Combined Newton's
linear and quadratic using Aitken Method, if we take x Interpolation and Aitken s
quadratic using Aitken Method, we find the same solution 0 0.5 0.5
givenby Faith C. K [1], Table 2. 0.01 0.505 0.504974916
0.02 0.50995 0.50999933
0.03 0.51485 0.514772733
Example 3: 0.04 0.5197 0.519594612
0.05 0.5245 0.524364451
dy 0.06 0.52925 0.529081726
Solve  y  x, y (0)  0.5
dx 0.07 0.53395 0.533745909
0.08 0.5386 0.538356466
0.09 0.5432 0.542912858
By taking the step h = 0.01
0.1 0.54775 0.547414541
First by using Newton's interpolation, we have

CONCLUSIONS
a0  0.5  y0
f ( x1 )  f ( x0 ) dy In this work, we havebeen combined the Newton’s
a1   [ ]0,0.5  0.5
( x1  x0 ) dx interpolation and Aitken's method to solve first order
y1  0.5  0.5(0.01  0)  0.505 differential equation, we find the same results given by
f ( x2 )  ( x1 ) f ( x1 )  f ( x0 ) dy dy Faith ChelimoKosgei studied this problem by combined
 [ ]0.01,0.505  [ ]0,0.5
( x2  x1 ) ( x1  x0 )
a2   dx dx  0.25 the newton’s interpolation and Lagrange method.
( x2  x0 ) 0.02  0
y2  0.5  0.5(0.02  0)  0.25(0.02  0)(0.02  0.01)  0.50995
This method that we used Aitken interpolationinstead of
Lagrange interpolation studied by Faith Chelimo Kosgei,
Now, forming linear and quadratic using Aitken is better than this method for the ease and speed of
Method computational complexity in the Aitken method.

P0,1 ( x )  0.5  0.5 x REFERENCES

P0,2 ( x )  0.5  0.4975 x

1. Faith, C.K., 2018. Solution of First Order Differential
P0,1,2 ( x)  0.25 x 2  0.5025 x  0.5 Equation Using Numerical Newton’s Interpolation
and Lagrange Method, International Journal of
Hence, we can take the approximation solution of Development Research, ISSN: 2230-9926, Vol. 08,
linear and quadratic using Aitken Method, if we take Issue, 02, pp: 18973-18976, February, 2018.
quadratic using Aitken Method, we find the same solution 2. Dr. Cuneyt Sert Numerical Methods Interpolation
givenby Faith C. K [1], Table 3. Mechanical Engineering Department Middle East
Technical University Ankara, Turkey 2004.

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 World Appl. Sci. J., 38 (3): 191-194, 2020

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numerical analysis, Second edition, Springer-Verlag, partialdifferential equations, Granville Sewell 1992,
New York, NY, 1993. Academic Press, Inc, New York.
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Numerical solution of logistic differential equations Second edition, Dover, New York, NY, 1975.
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