Lesson Plan of HCF up to 2 digits using Prime Factorization Method

Mathematics Grade V
Students’ Learning Outcomes

 Find HCF of three numbers, up to 2 digits, using prime factorization method.

Information for Teacher

 H.C.F.: The highest common factors (H.C.F.) of two or more given numbers are the greatest
which divides each of given numbers exactly.
 Factorization means to express a number as the product of its factors. These factors are either
composite numbers or prime numbers. (Except that 0 and 1 are neither prime nor composite).

 Prime factorization means to express a number as the product of its prime factors.
E.g. 12 = 2x 2 x 3
o Factors shared by two or more numbers are called common factors. E. g.
 o Because ‘2’ is common in factors of both of these numbers so it is called common factor.
o The product of two or more common prime factors is the greatest number/factor, which is called
Greatest Common Divisor (GCD) or highest Common Factor (HCF).
o Highest common factor ‘HCF’ of two or more numbers is the greatest number that divides each
one of given numbers exactly.
o Method of prime factorization for finding HCF of two or more numbers.

Step 1:
o Express each one of the given number as the product of prime factors.

Step 2:
o Identify the prime factors which are common in all factorizations.

Step 3:
o Now multiply all these prime factors which are common.
o Thus a number/factor obtained is called (GCD) or highest Common factor (HCF).
 Find the HCF of 16, 36, and 52 using factorization method.
  In this example ‘4’ is the HCF or GCD which divides 16, 36, and 52 exactly.
 During teaching the lesson, teacher should concern with textbook, when and where necessary in
all steps.

Material / Resources
Board, marker/chalk, duster, basket or box, paper slips having topic relevant questions on it, textbook

Worm up activity
 Ask the students:
o What are prime numbers?
(Expected response: such numbers which are divisible by 1 and itself)
o What are composite numbers?
(Expected response: such numbers have at least one more factor other than 1 and itself)
o Which are prime numbers?
(Expected response: write on board such as 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17 etc.)
o Which are composite numbers?
(Expected response: write on board such as 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16 etc.)
o Why it is prime or composite number? (by writing any number)
 Check students understanding by talking discussion along with few examples of numbers.
 Also repeat the term ‘Factor’ every time you discuss about a number. For example ‘12’ is
composite because it has factors more than one, (which are 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12)

o What are ‘Factors’?

(Expected response: the number which divides any number exactly is called its factor)
o What are prime factors?
(Expected response: such factors of any number which are prime, are called prime
factors)
o Which are the prime factors of number 14?
(Expected response: 2, 7)
 o Which are the composite factors of number 18?
(Expected response: 6, 9, 18)
o What do you mean by prime factorization?
o What will be the prime factorization of number 16?
(Expected response: 2 x2 x 2 x 2)
o What do you know about HCF?
(Expected response: HCF of two or more numbers is the greatest number that divides
each one of them exactly)
o What does HCF stand for?
(Expected response: Highest Common Factor)

Development

Activity 1
 Ask students to work in pairs.
 Ask students to find prime factors of 24 and write them as product.
 Now ask students to find prime factors of 48 and write them as product.
 Now ask them to find HCF.
 Let the students think themselves.
 Collect answers from different students.
 Now demonstrate the method as explained in ‘information for teacher’
 Now ask students to find HCF of 84 and 28:
  Now give students, more two- digit questions for practice.

Activity 2
 Write any three numbers on board e.g. 27, 45, 63
 Now divide students in groups
 Ask students to find HCF according to the method learn
 Don’t tell the students, let them think
 Collect answer from groups
 Now solve this question on board and tell the students, the method of finding HCF of three
numbers
 For practice, give students; further two-digit numbers to solve in groups
 Conclude that we have learned the method of finding HCF of three-digit numbers through prime
factorization

Activity 3
 Once you see that they are comfortable with finding HCF through factorization in pairs, assign
them individual questions
 For example assign question no. 1 to student one, question no. 2 to second student and so on
 It depends upon the number of questions
 You may restart from question number 1, 2, 3 etc. when all questions finish
  Allocate time 15 minutes
 Now ask students to share their work with each other and correct mistakes

Activity 4
 Write different questions on board
 Ask students to find HCF according to the method learn
 Allocate time 15 minutes
 Now invite different students on board one by one and ask them to solve and explain
 Invite such students on board who are less participative in the class
 At the end, appreciate students through clapping

Sum up / Conclusion
 Factorization means to express a number as the product of its factors. These factors are either
composite numbers or prime numbers (except that 0 and 1 are either prime nor composite)

 Prime factorization means to express a number as the product of its prime factors.
 E.g. 12 = 2 x 2 x 3
 Factors shared by two or more numbers are called common factors e.g.

 Because ‘2’ is common in factors of both of these numbers so it is called common factor
 The product of two or more common prime factors is the greatest number/factor, which is called
Greatest Common Divisor (GCD) or Highest common Factor (HCF)
 Highest Common Factor ‘HCF’ of two or more numbers is the greatest number that divides each
one of given numbers exactly
 Tell the students, the method of finding HCF through prime factorization and solve few questions
on the board

Assessment
 Put paper slips of questions in a basket or box and shuffle it
 Go to different students, especially those who are less participative in the class
 Ask each student to pick the slip and read the question aloud
 Give them time to think and write answer
 After this students announce their answer one by one
 The whole class is the judge
 If the answer is correct, they will THUMBS UP, if answer is wrong then THUMBS DOWN

 This will help you check how many of the students understand this concept
 Sample questions for writing on slips as such:
o What are factors?
o What is greatest common factor called?
o What are common factors?
o How do you find the highest common factor of two or three numbers?
o How do you find the HCF of 12 and 24?
o Find the HCF of 76, 56, and 20 through prime factorization

Follow up
 Ask students to write any three two-digit numbers and find HCF through prime factorization
 Ask students to make three such questions and find HCF through prime factorization