COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING 5 AND 6 WEEK 1 – MIDTERM

UNIT 1: SETTING-UP COMPUTER NETWORKS

LESSON 1: Install Network Cables
PRETEST
1. All modern routers support 802.11n or Wireless-N which offer the most stable speeds.
a. True
b. False
2. This is a group of computers and connected devices that share a common communication line
to a server.
a. Client
b. Local Area Network
c. IP Address
d. DHCP Server
e. Hub
3. A good network testing strategy is one where the network manager is able to predict the
operation of the network. 
a. True
b. False
4. It is the actual measurement of the network's state of operation over a period of time. The
record is used as basis for comparison or control.
a. Network Testing
b. Strategic Network Plan
c. Ping Results
d. Utility Command Tool
5. It is used to connect and route circuits for monitoring, interconnecting, and testing circuits in
a convenient and flexible network. Organizing these is important in the workplace to minimize
hazards like hanging and open network cables.
a. Router
b. Switch
c. Modular Box
d. Hub
e. Patch Panel
6. This is the most popular type of cable used for Local Area networks. It has two shielded
wires twisted around each other.
a. Unshielded Twisted Pair Cabe
b. Fiber Optic Cable
c. Shielded Twisted Pair Cable
d. Coaxial Cable
7. This is a network device that forwards data packets along networks. It is connected to at least
two networks, usually two LANs or WANs or a LAN and the ISP network
a. Hub
b. Router
c. Switch
d. Repeater
8. 192.168.0.1 is the most common default IP Address when you are accessing the router.

Prepared by: Ms. Sheryl Bon-Aquino

1
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING 5 AND 6 WEEK 1 – MIDTERM
a. True
b. False
9. It is the medium through which information usually moves from one network device to
another.
a. Modular Box
b. Patch Panels
c. Wire Packets
d. Topology
e. Cable
10. The following are encryption methods for wireless networks EXCEPT FOR
a. Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
b. 802.1X Authentication
c. Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA and WPA2)
d. Web block System

LESSON 1: UNDERSTANDING NETWORK DEVICES

INTRODUCTION:

Icons made by Freepik from www.flaticon.com

We aim to understand how computers are connected to each other that is why it is essential that
we should be familiar with the different devices found in the workplace to perform network
connectivity.
It is important to understand that each workplace has a unique plan/map of how the
organization distributes information and who has access.
This lesson's goal is to simply familiarize ourselves with the different network devices which
we'll get to connecting later.

TOPIC 1: NETWORK DEVICES

Router 
A device that forwards data packets along networks. A router is connected to at least two
networks, commonly two LANs or WANs or a LAN and its ISP's network. Routers are located
at gateways, the places where two or more networks connect.

Switch 
A device that filters and forwards packets between LAN segments. Switches operate at the data
link layer (layer 2) and sometimes the network layer (layer 3) of the OSI Reference Model and
therefore support any packet protocol. LANs that use switches to join segments are
called switched LANs or, in the case of Ethernet networks, switched Ethernet LANs.

Hub
Prepared by: Ms. Sheryl Bon-Aquino
2
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING 5 AND 6 WEEK 1 – MIDTERM
A common connection point for devices in a network. Hubs are commonly used to
connect segments of a LAN. A hub contains multiple ports. When a packet arrives at one port, it
is copied to the other ports so that all segments of the LAN can see all packets.

Hubs and switches serve as a central connection for all of your network equipment and handles
a data type known as frames. Frames carry your data. When a frame is received, it is amplified
and then transmitted on to the port of the destination PC. 

Repeater 
A network device used to regenerate or replicate a signal.
Repeaters are used in transmission systems to regenerate
analog or digital signals distorted by transmission loss. Analog
repeaters frequently can only amplify the signal while digital repeaters can reconstruct a signal
to near its original quality.

Bridge 
A device that connects two local-area networks (LANs), or two segments of the same LAN that
use the same protocol, such as Ethernet or Token-Ring.

TOPIC 2: LOCAL AREA NETWORK

Icons made by Freepik from www.flaticon.com

Basically, a local area network, called as LAN, is a group of computers and connected devices
that share a common communication line (or may be wireless) to a server. 
A LAN is where computers and mobile devices may share resources like printers, scanners,
storage, etc.

Local Area Connection Properties

Icons made by Smashicons from www.flaticon.com

To make sure that your LAN works properly, make sure that the following items are installed
and enabled in the Local Area Connection Properties:
Prepared by: Ms. Sheryl Bon-Aquino
3
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING 5 AND 6 WEEK 1 – MIDTERM
Clients For Microsoft Networks
Allow your computer to share files and printers in Microsoft Network

Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4)

The protocol that enables the computer to communicate with other computers in the network.
This can be set automatically or manually specified along with other network information to
work properly. Make sure however that each device has a unique IP.

LAN Settings
These are specific IP settings for the LAN interface.
The default IP Address is 192.168.0.1.
The default Subnet Mask is 255.255.255.0.

DHCP Server
Stands for Dynamic Host Control Protocol. This gives the IP Addresses when a device starts
and requests an IP address from the network. It can be set to obtain IP address automatically.

Different Network Location Types

Icons made by catkuro from www.flaticon.com

Home Network
This type is ideal for home networks where you trust all the people and the devices using the
network. By default, network discovery is turned on, allowing you to see other computers and
devices, and others can see you as well.

Work Network
This type is used in small office or other workplace networks. By default, network discovery is
enabled allowing other computers on a network. However, you cannot join or create a
homegroup.

Public Network
This type is the safest. This is designed to keep your computer from being visible to others and
helps protect your computer from malicious software from the Internet. However, network
discovery is turned off and homegroup is not available on this network.

Domain Network
This is used for domains and at enterprise networks. This is controlled by the network
administrator.

Prepared by: Ms. Sheryl Bon-Aquino

4
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING 5 AND 6 WEEK 1 – MIDTERM

TOPIC 3: WIDE AREA NETWORK

Also known as WAN. This is a collection of computers and networks connected via a network
just like the LAN. However, in WAN, it is connected over a large geographic area. The
following are the WAN settings used to connect to the Internet Service Provider (ISP):

Dynamic IP Address
This is to obtain an IP address automatically from the ISP.

Host Name
This is optional. Usually, this is the model number of the device.

MAC Address
This is optional. MAC stands for Media Access Control. The MAC Address is set by default to
the MAC Address of the WAN interface in the device.

Primary DNS Address/ Secondary DNS Address

This is optional. A Domain Name Server (DNS) is entered. If left blank, the ISP provides the
DNS address.

Auto-Reconnect
This feature allows the router to reconnect to the ISP automatically if connections is
disconnected.

Static IP Address
This is to set a specific IP Address that is still provided by the ISP. However, this is avoided
because this requires a lot of work and manual entry of network information.

PPPoE
Stands for Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet. Only used if the ISP uses this protocol. The
ISP provides the username and password.

IP ADDRESSING
IP Address, or the Internet Protocol Address, is a numerical label assigned to a device within a
computer network that uses the Internet Protocol. It has two functions: (1) network hosting ; and
(2) location addressing.

The IPv4 is still in use today. It is a 32-bit number system.

On the other hand, a new version of Internet Protocol called the IPv6 makes use of 128 bits for
its address. (e.g. 2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:8:1)

LESSON 2: CREATING NETWORK CABLES

Prepared by: Ms. Sheryl Bon-Aquino
5
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING 5 AND 6 WEEK 1 – MIDTERM
INTRODUCTION:

Cable is the medium through which information usually moves from one network device to
another. 
There are several types of cables which are commonly used with LANs. In some cases, a
network will utilize only one type of cable, while other networks will use a variety of cable
types. 

The type of cable chosen for a network is related to the network's topology, protocol, and size. 
Understanding the characteristics of different types of cable and how they relate to other aspects
of a network is necessary for the development of a successful network. 

TOPIC 1: NETWORK MEDIA

The network can be connected through two types of connections: wired and wireless.
Having a wired connection is more reliable than a wireless connection. However, wireless
connections are widely used by some devices such as cellphones and laptops for their
portability.

The following are different wired connections commonly used in networking. However for this
Qualification, we are focusing on UTP and STP Cables which are most common for Local Area
Networks.

1. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable

A popular type of cable that is commonly used for Local Area Networks. It has a two shielded
wires twisted around each other. 

2. Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable

The extra covering of the STP Cable provides extra protection to prevent electromagnetic
interference.

3. Coaxial Cable

Prepared by: Ms. Sheryl Bon-Aquino

6
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING 5 AND 6 WEEK 1 – MIDTERM
This the cable commonly used in television industries. The metal shield surrounding the cable
helps block interference from fluorescence lights, motors, and other computers.

4. Fiber Optic Cable

Transmits light rather than electronic signals which reduce the risks of electrical interference. It
is ideal for environments where electrical interference is present.

Icons made by Pixel Buddha from www.flaticon.com

TOPIC 1: NETWORK MEDIA

Wireless Connections

Wireless connections make use of LANs which allow high frequency radio signals to
communicate between work stations, servers, or hubs. 
Wireless networks are ideal for allowing laptops, portable devices, and other devices to connect
to the LAN. This is also beneficial in establishments where it may be harder to install cables.

WIRELESS NETWORKING

Icons made by bqlqn from www.flaticon.com

A wireless network is any type of computer network that use wireless data connections for
connecting network nodes.

Wireless PAN
Stands for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs). This connection interconnect devices
within a small area. An example would be bluetooth and infrared.
Prepared by: Ms. Sheryl Bon-Aquino
7
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING 5 AND 6 WEEK 1 – MIDTERM

Wireless LAN
Known as WLANs. This is used to connect to local resources and the internet. It links two or
more devices over a short distance using a wireless distribution method - usually through an
wireless router/wireless access point for internet access. Wi-Fi falls under WLANs.

Wireless Mesh Networks

This is a wireless network made up of radio nodes organized in a mesh topology. It can be a
(1) Wireless MAN or Wireless Metropolitan Area Network which connects several WLANs.
(2) Wireless WAN or Wireless Wide Area Network which covers large areas such as
cities/towns, branch offices, business, public internet access system, etc.
(3) Global Area Network (GAN) for used for mobile technology such as texting, calling, etc.
(4) Space Network which is used between spacecrafts within the vicinity of earth. NASA's
Space Network makes use of this technology.

TOPIC 2: CABLE INSTALLATION:

In network installation, we have to be familiar with the RJ45 (Registered Jack).

It is a jack used for Ethernet networking and used for cables. Both T568A and T568B are
common wiring standards however the T568B is widely used in the Philippines.
There are two common network cabling namely the straight-through and the crossover cables.

A straight-through cable is also known as the patch cable or Ethernet cable. This is the most
common format for network cables. The wires have same pins from either end.  This is used
when connecting a computer to a modem, router, or switch. This is also used between
networking equipment that are not similar to each other.
A crossover cable crosses the wires from the other end differently to the other. We use these
when we connect two devices of the same type like two computers or two similar networking
devices. These wirings use two different ends, T568A and T568B.
However, if we use a device between two devices (such as a switch), all cables are straight
through. 

Prepared by: Ms. Sheryl Bon-Aquino

8
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING 5 AND 6 WEEK 1 – MIDTERM

VIDEO: CREATING NETWORK CABLES

https://youtu.be/bJIB6I_Uk8w
NOTE:
Aside from the straight-through and crossover patterns shown in the video, the following may
also be commonly done.

TOPIC 3: PATCH PANELS

A patch panel, also known as patch bay, patch field, or jack field, is used to connect and route
circuits for monitoring, interconnecting, and testing circuits in a convenient and flexible matter.
Having an organized patch panel is important in the workplace. Although the patch panel is
meant for organization, it is still essential to minimize hazards such as hanging and open
network cables.

Icons made by Smashicons from www.flaticon.com

Good patch panel cable management is important. Neat patch, for example,  is one of the most
common patch panel cable management systems. 
It allows users to store patch panels in a neat and tidy compartment. It is also compliant with
industry standards.

Patch Panel to Modular Box

In connecting a patch panel to a modular box, it is important to take note that the UTP cable at
this time is neither a straight-through or crossover. 
We will be installing both ends on a patch panel and a modular box.
(A) Patch Panel
> First, strip the outer covering of the cable
> Then, arrange the wires according to its proper color coding based on the color coding you
have done on the RJ45. 

Prepared by: Ms. Sheryl Bon-Aquino

9
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING 5 AND 6 WEEK 1 – MIDTERM

A – white blue / blue / white green / green / white orange / orange / white brown / brown
B – white blue / blue / white orange / orange / white green / green / white brown / brown

(B) Modular Box

> Strip the outer covering of the cable
> Arrange the wires according to its proper color coding based on the color coding you have
done on the RJ45. Connect the cables ust like the numbers arranged at the figure below.

VIDEO: INSTALLING PATCH PANELS

Watch the video below on how to install patch panels:
https://youtu.be/gfMHNu4LaIo

LESSON 3: CONFIGURING THE NETWORK

INTRODUCTION

Icons made by Smashicons from www.flaticon.com

A computer network is a collection of computers and other devices linked together via use
networking devices. Networking devices are also called as communicating devices.
Computer networks are important because it ensures effective transmission and sharing of
data between different computer devices.
 Setting-up computer networks at your homes does not need to be complicated. Few basic
pieces of computer hardware are needed to connect your computers and other devices to each
other and to the Internet.

TOPIC 1: NETWORK CATEGORIES

Personal Area Network This is used for communication among computer and
(PAN) different devices close to a person. PAN usually
reaches up to 10 meters.

Prepared by: Ms. Sheryl Bon-Aquino

10
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING 5 AND 6 WEEK 1 – MIDTERM
                                            
Local Area Network Consists of personal computers linked together within
(LAN) a limited area. For example, within a small building,
office, floor, or department.
Metropolitan Area Larger than LAN. It can span in no more than 50
Network (MAN) miles. It is used to cover a small
Wide Area Network This type of network covers a large geographic area
(WAN) such as a city or even a country. Different types of
communication channels such as telephone lines,
cables, and air waves are used for this to be possible.
The Internet is an example of a WAN and it is the
world’s largest WAN.                                                  

TOPIC 2: DIFFERENCE IN NETWORK CATEGORIES

Difference in... LAN MAN WAN
 
Cost Low Optic High Higher
Network Size Small Large Largest
Speed Fastest Slower Slowest
Transmission Twisted Pair Twisted Pair Fiber
Media Fiber-Optic Optic
Cables Radio
Wave
Satellite
Number of Smallest Large Largest
Computers

TOPIC 3: NETWORK TAPOLOGIES

Icons made by monkik from www.flaticon.com

Basically, network topology is how the network of devices/computers is arranged through the

connection of various nodes through lines of connections.
Imagine a topology as a guide or a map in creating your own network.
There are different types of network topologies that we will be going through in this topic.

Bus Topology
This is a network type in which the computers and network devices are connected to a single
cable.
This type of network can transmit data in only one direction. Each device is connected to
a single cable.

Prepared by: Ms. Sheryl Bon-Aquino

11
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING 5 AND 6 WEEK 1 – MIDTERM

PROS
☑ Cost-effective
☑ Cable is required
☑ For small networks
☑ Easy to understand and create
☑ Easy to expand (through joining two cables)

CONS
☑ When cable fails, the whole network fails
☑ If network traffic is heavy, the performance of the network decreases
☑ Cable has limited length
☑ Slower than ring topology

Ring Topology
This network forms like a ring where a computer is connected to another computer. The last
computer is connected to the first. Each computer has two neighbors.

It has a number of repeaters. The transmission is unidirectional.

The data is also transferred in a sequential manner, bit by bit.

PROS
☑ Not affected by high traffic
☑ Cheap to install and expand

CONS
☑ Hard to troubleshoot
☑ Adding or removing a computer will disturb network activity
☑ When a computer fails, the whole network is disturbed

Prepared by: Ms. Sheryl Bon-Aquino

12
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING 5 AND 6 WEEK 1 – MIDTERM
Star Topology
This type features all computers connected through a single hub/switch through a cable. The
hub/switch is a central node and all others are connected to a central node.

Each node has a dedicated connection to the hub/switch. This will act as a repeater as well for
data flow. This can be done using a UTP, optical fiber, or coaxial cable.

PROS
☑ Fast performance the fewer nodes
☑ Low network traffic
☑ Switch/Hub can be easily upgraded
☑ Easy set-up and modification
☑ When a node fails, the others can work smoothly

CONS
☑ High cost
☑ Expensive to maintain
☑ When switch/hub fails, whole network stops
☑ Switch/hub capacity controls the performance

Mesh Topology
This type is a point-to-point connection with other devices. The traffic is carried between two
devices which it is connected.

There are two types: (1) partial mesh topology where some of the systems are connected in the
same fashion as mesh topology but some devices are connected to two or three devices; and (2)
full mesh topology where each and every device is connected to each other.
This type features a full, robust connection. However, it is not flexible.

PROS
☑ Each connection can carry own data load
☑ Robust
Prepared by: Ms. Sheryl Bon-Aquino
13
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING 5 AND 6 WEEK 1 – MIDTERM
☑ Easy troubleshooting
☑ Secure and private

CONS
☑ Difficult to install and configure
☑ Expensive cabling cost
☑ Bulk wiring

Tree Topology
This type has a root device and other devices are connected to form a hierarchy. Also known
as hierarchical topology. It should have at least three levels in the hierarchy.

This is ideal if workstations are located in groups. It is used in WANs.

PROS
☑ Can be extensions of bus and star topologies
☑ Easily expanded
☑ Easily managed and maintained
☑ Errors are easily detected

CONS
☑ Heavily cabled
☑ Expensive
☑ The more devices, the harder the maintenance
☑ If central switch/hub fails, network fails

Hybrid Topology
This type is a mixture of two or more topologies. You may have a department in the office
using ring topology while the other uses a star topology. This is called a Hybrid Topology.

Prepared by: Ms. Sheryl Bon-Aquino

14
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING 5 AND 6 WEEK 1 – MIDTERM

It can combine even more than two topologies. Both the advantages and disadvantages are
included when you create a hybrid, thus, ideal for a non-conventional set-up.

PROS
☑ Reliable
☑ Easy troubleshooting
☑ Errors are easily detected
☑ Easily scalable
☑ Flexible

CONS
☑ Complex
☑ Expensive

PERFORMANCE TASK:
Icons made by Freepik from www.flaticon.com
1. DRAW YOUR OWN TOPOLOGY!

a. Using the network devices you've learned at the previous lesson, try to draw your own office
network. 
b. Imagine at least 10 workers but they are divided at far ends of a building.
c. You have a pool of options to create a topology that will fit them to still have a network
connection. You may use any (e.g. wireless, wired) connections that you deem appropriate.
d. You may check sample topologies online.

2. CREATE NETWORK CABLES. Perform cable splicing based on standard procedures.

a. Straight Through Cable

Prepared by: Ms. Sheryl Bon-Aquino

15
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING 5 AND 6 WEEK 1 – MIDTERM
b. Cross-Over Cable
Note: It will be submitted in our school.

ACTIVITY 1
Name: _____________________________________________ Date: __________________
Grade and Strand: __________________________________ Score: __________________

I. Identify the following. Choose your answer from the grid below. Use a separate sheet of
paper in answering.
______________ 1. The World Wide Web.
______________ 2. The internal network of a company or other enterprise.
______________ 3. A network that connects two or more LANs but that is limited to a specific
and contiguous geographical area such as a college campus.
______________ 4. A data communications network that covers a relatively broad geographic
area.

Prepared by: Ms. Sheryl Bon-Aquino

16
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING 5 AND 6 WEEK 1 – MIDTERM
______________ 5. A network that connects two or more Local Area Networks or Campus
Area Networks together.
______________ 6. It signifies the way in which intelligent devices in the network see their
logical relations to one another.
______________ 7. It is the interconnected group of computers.
______________ 8. A network covering a small geographic area, like a home.
______________ 9. All the cables run from the computers to the central location where they are
all connected by hub.
______________10. Each computer is connected to the next computer with the last one
connected to the first.

Topology Ring Topology Bus Topology

Network Star Topology GAN
LAN Extranet MAN
WAN Internet Intranet

Prepared by: Ms. Sheryl Bon-Aquino

17