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Part 5. Sample Teaching Guide

This document provides a teaching guide for discussing correlation analysis. It includes sample data to analyze the relationship between study time and exam scores. It discusses calculating Pearson's r correlation coefficient manually and with Excel to determine the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two variables. An example calculation is shown to find the moderate positive correlation between study time and exam scores. Interpretation of r values is also provided.

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Reyboy Tagsip
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49 views4 pages

Part 5. Sample Teaching Guide

This document provides a teaching guide for discussing correlation analysis. It includes sample data to analyze the relationship between study time and exam scores. It discusses calculating Pearson's r correlation coefficient manually and with Excel to determine the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two variables. An example calculation is shown to find the moderate positive correlation between study time and exam scores. Interpretation of r values is also provided.

Uploaded by

Reyboy Tagsip
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TEACHING GUIDE

MET NO. 9: CORRELATION ANALYSIS

I. LEARNING OBJECTIVE
At the end of the discussion, the learner will be able to solve problems involving
correlation analysis.

II. LEARNING OUTCOME


The learners can solve problems involving correlation analysis using manual and/or
excel computation in order to describe the degree of relationship among variables in real
– life situations.

III. INTRODUCTION
The teacher will ask the following questions to the learners (in the context of the
pandemic):
• How is your association with your family, friends, and classmates?
• How do you build positive relationship with others?
• How can you maintain these relationships that you have?
• How can appropriate association for a given real – life problem be used in determining
relationships?

Using these questions as springboard, introduce/ relate the concept of correlational


analysis.

IV. PART 1
The teacher will give a hypothetical data set about the study time and their exam scores
for students to observe and analyze.

Study Time Exam Score


Student
(in hours) (out of 60)
Angela 4 45
Bert 3 37
Charlie 6 48
Divina 4 28
Evangeline 3 34
Flor 6 42
Greg 5 26
Hilario 4 38

Formative Questions
• What do you observe on the given values per column?
• Are the given variables related to each other?
• If yes, how are you going to establish this association?
• What conclusion/s you can derive?
• Can you cite situations involving relationship between variables?
V. PART 2
Ask the following questions to discuss the concept correlation analysis:
• What is the meaning of “co” and “relation”?
• In your own words, what is correlation?
• Can you cite other situations showing relationship between two variables?
• What is a bivariate data?
• Is correlation a causation?
• How do we construct a scatter plot?
• Does the relationship between the variables more or less follow a straight line?
• How do we interpret the graphs?
• Is a scatter plot enough for us to conclude the correlation between two variables?

VI. PART 3
Ask the following questions whenever necessary on the discussion of the lesson:
• How do we solve for the value of Pearson’s r using manual and excel computations?
• What is the range or the possible values of Correlation?
• What do we mean by those values that we get?
• How do we interpret them?

This is called the Pearson Product Moment of Correlation r, developed by Karl Pearson
(1857-1936). It measures the strength and direction of a straight line relationship of
two variables.

𝑛 ∑ 𝑥𝑦−∑ 𝑥 ∑ 𝑦
The formula: 𝑟=
√[𝑛 ∑ 𝑥2 −(∑ 𝑥)2 ][𝑛 ∑ 𝑦2 −(∑ 𝑦)2 ]

where n is the number of x (the independent variable) and y (the dependent variable)
pairs.

Truths about the value of the Correlation r:


• r is always between –1 and +1
• magnitude indicates the strength
• r = –1 or +1 indicates a perfect linear relationship
• sign indicates the direction
• r = 0 indicates no linear relationship

Steps in using the formula:


To solve for r (manually),
a. Arrange the data the for the two variables in a column formation
b. Get the sum of the values in the x and y columns
c. Square the x values to get the x2. Get the sum of the squares.
d. Square the y values to get the y2. Get the sum of the squares.
e. Multiply the x values to its corresponding y values. Get the sum.
f. Substitute the values obtained from steps 1 to 4 to the given formula

For example, using the “Study Time” data, we will now try to compute the value of r:
Study Time Exam Score
Student xy x2 y2
(in hours); x (out of 60); y
Angela 4 45 180 16 2025
Bert 3 37 111 9 1369
Charlie 6 48 288 36 2304
Divina 4 28 112 16 784
Evangeline 3 34 102 9 1156
Flor 6 42 252 36 1764
Greg 5 26 130 25 676
Hilario 4 38 152 16 1444
SUM OR TOTAL 35 298 1327 163 11522

So, from the formula:

𝒏 ∑ 𝒙𝒚 − ∑ 𝒙 ∑ 𝒚
𝒓=
√[𝒏 ∑ 𝒙𝟐 − (∑ 𝒙)𝟐 ][𝒏 ∑ 𝒚𝟐 − (∑ 𝒚)𝟐 ]

Simply plugged in the values obtained.

(𝟖)(𝟏𝟑𝟐𝟕)−(𝟑𝟓)(𝟐𝟗𝟖)
r = = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟔
√[ (𝟖)(𝟏𝟔𝟑)−(𝟑𝟓 )𝟐 ][ (𝟖)(𝟏𝟏𝟓𝟐𝟐)−(𝟐𝟗𝟖)𝟐 ]

For interpretation of the result:

Pearson r Qualitative Interpretation


+1 Perfect
+0.80 – +0.99 Very High
+0.60 – +0.79 Moderately High
+0.40 – +0.59 High

+0.20 – +0.39 Moderately Low

+0.01 – +0.19 Very Low


0 No Correlation

With this guide, teacher asks,

‘How do you describe the relationship of the two variables?’


‘What is the implication of this relationship to you as a student?’

(Software can also be used to provide data analysis)


Use these links to enhance the discussion of correlational analysis:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1khHtLHiqFw&t=340s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4mOS7Z3O_UY&t=505s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_1tzPy_ZlZ0

VII. SYNTHESIS
Directions: Given the data below, compute and interpret r.

Amount Spent in
Sales, in
Advertising, in
Million Pesos X2 Y2 XY
thousand pesos
(Y)
(X)
63 7.2
29 3.9
20.8 2.1
19.1 2.8
13.4 1.4
8.5 1.5
10.6 1.6
23.4 2.8
35.6 5.3

Let students answer the following questions to synthesize the discussion of correlational
analysis:
• Is it important to know the relationship of variables? Why?
• When do you think these types of relationships be useful and helpful in real-life?
• As a student, how will you describe each type of relationships to the people around
you?

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