MAGNETISM INDUCED MAGNETISM MAGNETIC FIELD ELECTRIC FIELD

v MAGNETISM
ELECTROMAGNETISM
is the term used to refer to the  Magnetic ELECTROMAGNET
materials can be used to make MAGNETIC
ELECTRICITY FIELD TOis aMAGNETISM
region in which a ELECTRIC
MAGNETISM FIELDTOsurrounds
ELECTRICITY an electric
ability of lodestones to attract iron. A material permanent or temporary magnets unlike the non- magnetic force can be detected. charge, and exerts force on other charges in the
having this property is called
Electromagnetism showsmagnet. Magnets
the relationship magnetic materials
Electromagnet is which cannot.
a magnet whose magnetic Motors are devices that utilize field, attracting
Michael or repelling
Faraday observedthem.
that …
can be natural
between magnets
electricity found in nature called
and magnetism. field is produced by electric is produced by electromagnetic induction to convert electrical a. When we thrust a magnet into a coil of wire,
 Stroking is one way of magnetization. Electric field lines is the
magnetites and artificial magnets that may be electric current passing through the coils of wire energy into mechanical energy. It contains an current was induced in the coilconvenient way of
while the magnet
Hans orChristian
temporary permanent. Oersted discovered that wrapped
 Whenaround a core.
a piece of unmagnetized magnetic electromagnet, a permanent magnet and a graphically representing the electric field
was moving relative to the coil.
when an electric current flowed through the material touches or is brought near the pole of a commutator. patterns in space.
b. Moving the magnet toward the coil had the
wire,
The thepoleswire of
acteda like a magnet because the permanent magnet, it becomes a magnet itself.  The stronger the electric field,toward
the closer
same effect as moving the coil the
needle
magnet ofarethe usually
compass placed nearby deflected. The magnetism is induced. together the line of force.
magnet.
Thus,
its twoelectricity
ends. produces magnetism. Magnetic field lines of induction or flux  The electric field lines start at positive (+)
 Wilhelm Weber theorized that each atom of lines are imaginary lines within the magnetic and ends at negative (-) charge.
Moving charges or current carrying a piece of magnetic material is a magnet itself. field. FARADAY’S
The number of LAW states
of lined that the
leaving induced
or entering
conductor produces These atoms arranged themselves into groups current emfis(electromotive
proportional toforce) in a loop of of
Magnetism is magnetic
strongestfield
ataround it.
the poles. a charge the magnitude
called magnetic domains. The magnetic It indicates the field of direction. By wire is directly proportional to the rate of
Breaking magnets into parts will produce little the charge.
properties of a material depend on how the convection, magnetic field lines are directed change in magnetic flux through the coil.
magnets each having a North pole and a South
domains are arranged. from the north pole to the south pole outside a
pole. ELECTRIF FIELD PATTERNS
magnet. It indicates the strength of magnetic How do you change the rate of magnetic flux?
Electromagnet’s magnetic field
 In an unmagnetized piecestrength can be
of magnetic field, the closer lines indicate stronger A. Point charges
The properties of magnets include… increased by…
material, the domains are arranged haphazardly. It depends on…
magnetic field. a. The L, length of the conductor or the
1. Magnets have the ability to attract the  Increasing the current
materials that are magnetic in nature.  Increasing the number of loops of wire in Magnetic field for unlike poles shows number of turns in the coil.
2. Like poles repel and unlike poles attract each the coil attraction. b. The strength of the orientation of the
other.  Using an iron core The electrical energy comes from a power magnetic field relative to the conductor
3. When allowed to hang freely, magnets  When all the domains line up, the material is source. It is supplied to the motor through c. The relative velocity of the changing
always align in one particular direction. saidCoil
to beismagnetized.
a current- carrying conductor which
a commutator, which is a metal ring divided magnetic field
4. Magnetic poles always occur in pairs. length of the entire loops is smaller than its
into two separate halves. The commutator is
diameter. Solenoid is a current- carrying
attached to a coiled wire. When electricity ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION is
ThereIf the
are direction
several oftypes
currentofis known,
magnetism.the conductor which length of the entire loops is
passes through the coil in a magnetic field, the the process of inducing a current by moving a
direction of the magnetic field that is longer than its diameter.
Ferromagnetic materials are strongly attracted coil rotates to oppose the magnetic field. In magnetic
B. Dipole field–through a wire of coil.
two opposite charges show
perpendicular to it that is perpendicular to both I GENERALIZATION: Magnetic
terms field for
of force, thetwo like poles
magnetic forcemove away
produces
by The magnetic field is strongest at the center
andaBmagnet
can be and all electrons are spinning in the attraction
determined. from each other shows
a torque (turning force)repulsion.
that turns the coil. The
same direction like iron, cobalt, nickel and steel. of the coil because each loop contributes to the
Using the materials
right-handare rule, the direction The process
coil’s magnetic field. Anby its
which the nails
magnetic field commutator reverses the electric current each
Paramagnetic weakly attracted of
to becomeismagnets is acalled (electric / magnetic)
the magnetic field follows the direction of the pattern similar to bar magnet. half revolution to keep the torque turning the
magnets that include transition metals, induction. This same process is the reason why coil in the same direction.
right hand fingers when the right thumb points
palladium, platinum,
in the direction of theandconventional
actinide elements.
current magnets (attract / repel) non- magnetized
Diamagnetic
(from positive materials have weak response to
to negative). magnetic substances such as the nail. The nail Current meters are devices which measure Generators are devices that utilize
magnetic field. Instead of being attracted, they becomes (a permanent / an induced) magnet electric current. In these devices, there is a electromagnetic induction to convert
Using the left-hand rule, the direction of with the end nearer the magnetic having (the response of magnetic forces between
are repelled by a magnetic field like bismuth, mechanical energy into electrical energy. It
the magnetic field follows the direction of the same / opposite) polarity to that of the electromagnet and a permanent magnet. These
copper, contains
B. Two likeancharges
electromagnet (armature), a
show repulsion
left handgold, silver,
fingers andthe
when lead,
leftnon-metals,
thumb points water
in permanent magnet. Hence attraction happens include galvanometer, ammeter and voltmeter.
and organic compounds. permanent magnet and slip rings.
the direction of the real current (from negative (after / before) magnetic induction occurs.
to positive).  Galvanometer measures small amount of
electric current.
Current is the directed towards the  Ammeter is a galvanometer that measures
reader/ away from the board the current passing through it.
Current is the directed away from the  Voltmeter is galvanometer that measures
reader/ towards the board the voltage across it.

Most generators produce alternating current, so

v called AC generators or alternators.
 As the axle is tuned, the loop of wire STEP- UP STEP- DOWN
rotates in the magnetic field. One moves up and TRANSFORMER TRANSFORMER
the other moves down and induces current in the Increases the amount decreases the amount
wire. The I travels up one side down the other. of voltage of voltage
After the loop turns halfway, each side of the decreases the amount increases the amount
loop reverses direction in the B, the current in of current of current
the wire changes direction as well. The slip rings More turns in the More turns in the
attached to the axis of the wire make contact secondary coil primary coil
with the brushes are connected to the rest of the
circuit. The rings and the brushes allow the loop MOTOR GENERATOR
to turn freely. Converts electrical Converts mechanical
DC generators contain a commutator instead of energy to mechanical energy to electrical
slip rings. energy energy
It uses electricity. It generates electricity.
Transformer is a device that changes voltage or The shaft of the motor
current in AC circuits that uses electromagnetic is driven by the
induction. The shaft is attached to
magnetic force
the rotor and is driven
developed between the
by the mechanical force.
armature and magnetic
field.
The current is The current is
supplied to the produced to the
armature. armature.
v
CONCEPT SUMMARY RELATING ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

CHARGED
PARTICLE

Causes Causes
Produces force on force on
When moving
MAGNET produces
S
Produces
When moving
produces Causes forces on
poles of
ELECTRI MAGNETIC
When changing
C FIELD FIELD
induces