Course Project Report Format- Applied Electronics
SY IT A Batch 1 Group 4 : Smart Lift
1. Alak Koul; GR No- 11910009 ; Div SY IT A ; Roll No 06
2. Eshan Koul; GR No- 11910006 ; Div SY IT A ; Roll No 20
3. Himanshu Dhar ; GR No- 11910010 ; Div SY IT A ; Roll No 23
4. Khushi Jhanwar; GR No- 11911355 ; Div SY IT A ; Roll No 26
5. Ameya Karpe; GR No- 11911379 ; Div SY IT A ; Roll No 28
Introduction
Smart lift is an elevator which detects the presence of a passenger on a particular floor and commutes towards
the passenger.
Feasibility Study
Smart lift will be an example of contactless commute where the passenger doesn’t need to press a physical
button for calling the lift on this present floor. These maintenance systems identify issues such as unwanted
stops and slow speed and reactivate the elevator functioning in the shortest possible time in case of
breakdowns and electricity cuts. The system notifies building authorities immediately and reduces passengers'
stress. The aim of this project to design and implement such a elevator system which will detect the presence
of passenger on a particular floor and the elevator automatically approaches the passenger.
Methodology/ Planning of work
Firstly, we made a lift system with actual push button system which resembles a traditional elevator system.
Converting a traditional lift system into an automatic version of an elevator system, we decided to add
ultrasonic distance sensors on every floor where the passenger usually waits for the lift to arrive. These
ultrasonic distance sensors detect the presence of the passenger and the lift will be commanded to commute
towards the detected floor.
Project Description and Working
Components used in TinkerCad :-
o Ultrasonic Distance Sensors
The HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor uses SONAR to determine the distance of an object just like the bats
do. It offers excellent non-contact range detection with high accuracy and stable readings in an easy-
to-use package from 2 cm to 400 cm or 1” to 13 feet.
o H-Bridge Motor Driver (L293D) - For controlling rotation direction
The DC motor’s spinning direction can be controlled by changing polarity of its input voltage. A common
technique for doing this is to use an H-Bridge.
An H-Bridge circuit contains four switches with the motor at the center forming an H-like arrangement.
Closing two particular switches at the same time reverses the polarity of the voltage applied to the motor.
This causes change in spinning direction of the motor.
Below animation illustrates H-Bridge circuit working.
The L293D is a dual-channel H-Bridge motor driver capable of driving a pair of DC motors or one stepper
motor.
That means it can individually drive up to two motors making it ideal for building two-wheel robot
platforms.
o DC Motor
A DC motor (Direct Current motor) is the most common type of motor. DC motors
normally have just two leads, one positive and one negative. If you connect these two
leads directly to a battery, the motor will rotate. If you switch the leads, the motor will
rotate in the opposite direction.
We have used a series type DC motor where the main function of this motor is to convert
electrical energy to mechanical energy.
The operation of this motor mainly depends on the electromagnetic principle. Whenever
the magnetic field is formed approximately, a current carrying conductor cooperates with
an exterior magnetic field, and then a rotating motion can be generated.
o Arduino UNO
The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on theMicrochip
ATMega328P microcontroller and developed byArduino.cc The board is equipped with sets
of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion
boards (shields) and other circuits. The board has 14 digital I/O pins (six capable of PWM
output), 6 analog I/O pins, and is programmable with the Arduino IDE (Integrated
Development Environment), via a type B USB cable.
o Breadboard & Wires
A breadboard is a rectangular plastic board with a bunch of tiny holes in it. These holes let you
easily insert electronic components to prototype (meaning to build and test an early version of) an
electronic circuit, like this one with a battery, switch, resistor, and an LED
o Potentiometer
A potentiometer is a simple knob that provides a variable resistance, which we can read into
the Arduino board as an analog value.
o LCD Display
LCD 16x2 is a 16-pin device that has 2 rows that can accommodate 16 characters each. LCD
16x2 can be used in 4-bit mode or 8-bit mode. It is also possible to create custom characters .
Observations
When the ultrasonic sensor detects presence of a passenger on floor 3, the DC motor starts working and the
LCD shows us the status of the lift such as on the way to floor 2, and then on the way to floor 3 and once the
lift has arrived at floor 3, the lcd display shows us floor 3.
Conclusion
Annexure:
A: Screenshots and Photographs of the project
(Lift’s initial position floor 1, on the way to floor 2 )
(on the way to floor 3 )
(floor 3, lift arrived at detected floor)
B: Code of the project
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
#define pwm1 9
#define pwm2 10
#define dist_thresh 100
//#define tmpPin A0
//#define piezoPin 8
//boolean direction = 0;
//const int tempmax=35;
//int speed;
int i=1;
LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2);
#define s_pin3 6
#define s_pin2 7
#define s_pin1 8
int floor_num = 0;
void setup() {
pinMode(pwm1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(pwm2, OUTPUT);
lcd.begin(16,2);
Serial.begin(9600);
bool sensactiv(int x){
long distance;
pinMode(x, OUTPUT); // Clear the input
digitalWrite(x,LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);// Sets the input pin to HIGH state for 10 microseconds
digitalWrite(x,HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(x,LOW);
pinMode(x, INPUT);// Reads the input pin, and returns the sound wave travel time in microseconds
distance = pulseIn(x, HIGH)*0.01723;//distance in cms
if(distance < dist_thresh){
return 1;}
else{
return 0;}
}
int checkfloor(){
int floor = 0;
bool chkflr1 = sensactiv(s_pin1);
bool chkflr2 = sensactiv(s_pin2);
bool chkflr3 = sensactiv(s_pin3);
if(chkflr1 == 1){
floor = 1;}
else if(chkflr2 == 1){
floor = 2;}
else if(chkflr3 == 1){
floor = 3;}
return floor;
void loop() {
floor_num = checkfloor();
Serial.println(floor_num);
digitalWrite(pwm1,LOW);
digitalWrite(pwm2,LOW);
//------------------------------------------
//On clicking on 3rd floor's button
if(floor_num == 3){
while(i<3){
i++;
digitalWrite(pwm1, LOW);
digitalWrite(pwm2, HIGH);
lcd.print("On the way to ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("floor ");
lcd.print(i);
delay(1000);
lcd.clear();}
i=3;
lcd.print("floor 3");
delay(1000);
lcd.clear();
floor_num = 0;
//-------------------------------------------------
//On clicking on 2nd floor's button
if(floor_num ==2){
if(i>2){
while(i>2) {
i--;
digitalWrite(pwm1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(pwm2, LOW);
lcd.print("On the way to");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("floor ");
lcd.print(i);
delay(1000);}
}
if(i<2){
while(i<2){
i++;
digitalWrite(pwm1, LOW);
digitalWrite(pwm2, HIGH);
lcd.print("On the way to");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("floor ");
lcd.print(i);
delay(1000);}
}
i=2;
lcd.clear();
floor_num = 0;
}
//-----------------------------------------
//On clicking on 1st floor's button
if(floor_num == 1){
if(i>1){
while(i>1) {
i--;
digitalWrite(pwm1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(pwm2, LOW);
lcd.print("On the way to");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("floor ");
lcd.print(i);
delay(1000);
lcd.clear();}
i=1;
lcd.clear();}
floor_num = 0;
}
delay(100);
}
References.
Specify the study material referred for the development of the project.
o https://lastminuteengineers.com/l293d-dc-motor-arduino-tutorial/
o https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/2018/06/introduction-to-arduino-uno.html
o https://www.elprocus.com/dc-series-motor-components-circuit-diagram-applications/
