::::'

TRIBHIIVAN LINTVERSITY Exam. . .,1: : iijl': tl tegu16rt1:"''t'111r1::;ftri:''' I

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING LeVel r}rl
UL} Full Marks 80

Examination Control Division Programme BCT PassMarks 32

2076 Ch*itra Year / Part rV i.I Time i -J hrs.

Sublec{::- Djgita-l Sigpatr Anal.vsis an-ri Processing (CT 7A4;

1. Define even and odd type discrete time signals with the signal
x[-2n+3] where x[n] : ll,2,A, -1, -3, -4]. 12+31

2. Determine whether the foiltlwing system are: t\t

L* J

a) y[n] : x[-n] is time-invariant or not.

b) y[n] : x[n2] is linear or not.
3. Find the output of LTI systern having input signal x[n] : u[n+1]-u[n-4] and impulse
response h[n] : (1/2)'u[n-1]. t6l
4. Define RCIC of z-transform. Find inverse z-transfom using partial fraetion expansion of
x(z):124 + 523 - 3z+ 4)l (22 - l.5z- 1), ROC: lzl < 0.5. 12+61

5. Draw the pole-zero in the z-plane for a system with poles at 0.45 t j 1 .06 and zeroes at
0.581j2.05. Also plot the magnitude respoilse (not to the scale) of the systern. [2+6]
6. Compute Lattice and Ladder coefficients and Draw lattice-ladder structure for given IiR
systern H{z): (0.5 - \z-t + Zzzlltt- 0.52-t - a.7z'2 + 0.32-3). [6+4]
7. Reaiize the given system in Cascade fonn of 2nd order section in signal flow graph
representqtion. t4l
H(z): {( 1-o.sz'l;1i +0.:sz-i)(1 -0.3d2'nr5z-rxi - 93"-l2n:xt5r-t)} r {(t -0.6d""/32"11
{ i -0. 6e-jna:z-t ; 1 i
+0. sdlnx/7 r't 1 tr 1
+0. 5 e-j2nnr7z-l ;
8. Design the FIR filter using suitable window for the specifications: t6l
0.899 < IH(d*) | s 1, for |c'rl <A.Zn
( (;r
i H (d') | < 0.0i, for 0.4rc rD
9. What is optimum filter? Show mathematical expression of Remez exchange algcrithm for
FIR filrer ciesign. [1+s]
i0. Ilesign a digitai low pass Butterrvorth filter by applying bilinear transfonnation
techniques far the given specificaticns: [10]
Passband peak to peak ripple < idB
Passband edge frequenc]i '= 1.211112
Stopband Allenuaticn > 40dll
Stopband edge frequency:2.5 KF{z
Sample rate = EKHz
ll.Find 8-point DFT of sequencs x[n] = 1I,2,3,3,5, A,4,6] using Decimation in
frequency Fast Fourier Transform (DIFFFT) algorithm. U1
12. Find x3[n] if DFT of x3[n] is given by X3ft): Xr(k) * Xz(k) where XrG) and X2(k) are
4-paint DFT of x1[n]*{ I , 2, -2) and x2[n] : {1,2,3, -1} respectively. t5]
*{<rl<
I
lt

. TR.IBHUVAN UNIVERSITY Exam.

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE Full Marla 80
Exarnination Coiltrol Division Progtnrhrhe Her Paoo Marlo 32
?076 Ashwin Yeaf / Part ry/ Time 3 hrs,

{-yPJss!=Ficirni.q:snpi}$$,'jn$g:prescss_W_w:::::_.
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far
Attempt All questions.
Thefigures in the margin indicate Fu4 Maf,kp.
Assume suitable data if necessary.

1. Explain Fourier transform multipiication property for two sequences. Write Drichlet,s
conditions for Fourier series,
[4+3]
2. Find convolution between two signals x[n] = 2'4[-n], 0 < a <1 andh[n] = 4[n] t6l
3. state convolution property of Z-transform. Find inverse Z-transform of
X(z) = z / {(z- 0.6)(z + 0.5)2}, ROC: lzl > 0.6
[3+6]
4,. Describe st4lility and causality characteristics of LTI system in terms of Impulse
' Responss and Roc of its transfer function with suitable examples.
[4+3]
'5,; : Compule- I,.a.!ti9? and Ladder coefficients and Draw lattice.ladder structure for given IIR
' system H(z): (0.7 - l.Sza + 0.52'2y / (1 - 0.52'r *0.72'2 + 0.3;i)
[6+3]
6- For the system described by the following difference equation:
[2+8]
y[n] = 0.67x[n] * 0,3x[n -l)+2,7 Sy[n - l]
Map the poles and zero in the z-plane and plot the phase response of the system.
7, Design a low pass discrete IIR filter by Bilinear Transformation method to an
approximate Butterworth filter having specifications as below:
[12]
Pass bandedge frequency (op) :0.22 n radians
Stop bandedge frequency (0)r) = 0.54 n radians
:
Passband ripple (50) 0.11
Stopband ripple (6r) = 0.22, Consider sampling frequency 0.5 Hz.
8. why we need DFT? Find 8-point DFT of sequence x[n] = {1, 2,.3,3, s, l, 4,2} using
Decimation in frequency Fast Fourier Transform (DIFFFT) algorithm. -
[2+B]
g. In which case do we choose FIR filter and IIR filter? Design a Kaiser Window to
meet
the following specifications, tZ+4+:41
o.ee <
lrQ, )s r.or, for0Sw30.16n

lrft," )s o.or, forO.18nSwS2r

Drlw the t.'low chart for Remez- Exchange algorithm
. ,krk*
 i.'' t,,.t.', ;,. .-,'... .1'
TRIBHUVAN LI\IIVERSITY Exam. ',.'; :'.;
Rceitlai ,i,|*rciit I

iNSTITIJTE OF ENGINEERING Leve! BE Full Marlru 80

Examination Control Division Progranrnre BCT Passl\{arks 32

2075 Chaitra Year / Part ry/l Time 3 hrs,

IIe qe-t"sits-
$ ttli ss! : :" Picitel $ tslul $s slv$s *n.{ -(9!.ry9"
,/ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own r.vords as
/ Attempt 4ll questions.
,/ The figures in the margin indicate Fryll Mqrlg;
/ Assurne suitable data if necess(try).

l. Define Power and Energy type discrete time signal with suitabf. "**p-ir. Differentiate
Fourier Series and Fourier Transform.
between [3+4]
,,
Find the output of LTI system having impulse fesponse h[n] with h[-21 : 3, h[0]
: 2.
h[1] : 1 and input signal x[nJ : (2)n, for -1 < n <3. Also check the answer. [5+2]
3. plot the pole,zero in z-plane and draw rnagnitude response (not to scale) of the system
described by differential equation

v(n) - a 3v@- 1) = Zx(n - 2) + 0'7 x(n -l) + 4x(n) [2+7)

4. Draw the lattice structule from the following systern function

H(t1= 1<a lel

.L-tJ-)L-3-4
!-r-Z -t-Z 'r-L 'tZ'
383
5. What is optimum filter? Show mathematical expression of R.emez exchange algorithm for
FIR filter design. L2+61

6. List out the properties- of Region of convergencei and locate the ROC of the following
signal
xlnf = (0.1)'ufn)+ (0.3)'uf-n-ll [4+6'|

7. Using bilinear transformation, design a digital filter using Butterworth approxirnation

which satisfies the following conditions
0.S < I H.'' | <1 for0 < w < 0,2rI
I Hr'* | s 0.2 for 0.6II
< W < fI t10l
8. How fast is FFT? Find X(3) and X(5) for given sequence x[n] = {1, -2,3, 2} using
DITFFT algorithm. [2+B]
9.' Differentiate between linear convolution and circular convolution compute circular
convolution of signals
Xr[n]: {0,0, 1, 1} and Xz[n] = {1, 1, 1, 1} [3+7]
*{.rF
 \i.
3l \ BIBH+I.VAN UNIVERSITY Exam.
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level Full Marks
\{ Marks JZ
Examination Control Division Pass

2t)75 Ashwin Time

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as
practicable.
Attempt All questions.
The/igures in the margin indicate Full Malks.
Assurne suitable data if necessary.

1. Determine whether the following sequences are linear or not: [3+3j

a) y[n] = x'[n]
(sn n\
b)
\ fn+
Ylnl=cosl .
E 4) I

2.
*
Find the output of LTI system having impulse response h[n] = 2" {u[n] - uln - 3] ] and
input signal x[n] = 6lnl + 6[n - 1] + 6[r'-2] . tsl

3. List out the properties of Region of convergence and locate the ROC of the following
signal. [3+6]

x[n] = (0.6)" u[n] + (0.25)" u[n]

zeros at
4. Draw the poles and zeros in the z-plane for a system with poles at 0.45tj1.06 and
0.5S1j2.0a. Also plot the magnitude response of the system. [2+8]

5. Draw the Lattice structure from the following system function: [7+3]

^ 39 --,
3+-L'+-z
-24
15
--z +3 z-3
8 9

And represent
s 5.
-U t" sign magnitude, I's complement and 2's complement format.
Iand
6. Design a digital low-pass filter with the following specification: UZI
i) Pass-band magnitude constant to 0.7 dB below the frequency of 0.15 n
il; Stop-band attenuation at least 14 dB for the frequencies between A.6nta n
method to
Use Butterworth approximation as a prototype and use bilinear transformation
obtain the digital filter.
7. Design a ,linear Phase FIR filter using Kaiser Window to meet the following
specificatiohs: [8+4]

for 0<w<0.19n
o.ee < l"(r'" )l< t.or,
< o.ol, for 0.21n(w(n
l*tc.tl
Draw the flow chart for Optimum filter design
8. Horv fast is FFT compare to DFT? Draw the butterfly diagram of 8-point DFT of a
sequenceas x[n]=n+i usingDecimationinTimeFFTalgorithm. 13+71

9. State the circular convolution property of DFT. Find the circular

convolution of: [1+5]
(1
i TRIBHIJVAN LINIVERSITY Fj"--."---:
31
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING L**i - *.m-f r*!!-tvte'1rq l-99- i
Examination Control Division igggl**. i r-qr i
Pj:g vt"'t.'
i":1, ,._
2A74 Chaitra iJe.diC$"-:try-ll--- iss: - -"" i? lsl -
i
i

i,iiiii;_Dts:?J sreqel Arylnie. and $sc-eslil-s gf79!-" " -

candidates are required to give their answers in

their own words as far as practicable'
Anempt All questions.
fheigures in the margin indicate Fall Marks'
Assume suitable data if necessary'

t PlottheSequencex[n]=u[n]-u[n-3]+56[n_47=nu[n_6].Listoutthepropertiesof
LTI system 13+21

2. Determine whether the following system are: [3+3]

a) y[n] = y[n - 4] + x[n - 4] is Time-invariant or not

b) y[n] = x2[n] is Linear or Nor-linear

Find the inverse Z-
3. Define a ROC. What are the properties of Roc of z-transform?
transform of X(z) =1222 +2zz +32+5)l{22 -0.12-0.2),ROC:lzl<O'+'
U+3+51

Map the poles and zero in

4. The poles of a system are located at:0.45-A.77iand'2+o'3i'
the system' [2+8]
t1r" 2-plane and plot the magnitude response of
of the following system' tsl
5. Obtain the Direct Form I and Direct Form II realization
3y[n] + y[n -1] + 2y[n- 4] = 2x[n] + x[n -3]
to the FIR filter with the
6. Determine the lattice coefficients coefficients corresponding
tsl
system function:

H(z) '96-
= Ar{z) =1+?'-' **'-'
40
*l'-'
3
specification: 1121
7. Design a digital low-pass filter with the following
frequency of 0'l5n
i) Pass-band magnitude constant to 0.7 dB below the
between 0'6n to n
ii;Stop-Uand attJnuation at least 14 dB for the frequencies
impulse invariance
Use Butter worth approximation as a prototype and use
method to obtain the digital filter'
Design a FIR linear phase filter using Kaiser window
that meets the following
8. [e+3]
specifications:

lH1e.i*;160.01,0< lwl <

0:2_5I
b.qss fH(eiw)l < L'0s ,0.35n slwl50'6r
lH(ei*;1 <0.01 ,0,65n < lrl <T
response and Kaiser
Also determine the minirnum length (M+l) of the impulse
window Parameter B'

g. Why do we need DFT? Draw the butterfly structure.to compute the DFT of the following
-utgotith*,
signal using Radix-2 DIFFFT and compute X(2) and X(1) only
t3+71
x[n] = {1.5,-1,1.8, A.6,3,1'7}
through circular con'olution with
Define zero padding. Find the linear convorution
x[n] = {1,1,1,1} and h[n]{2'3}.
10.
[1+5]
padding of zeros foril,e following r.q*rr"".,
"',

1' Define Energy.. and Power type discrete time

signal. check whether signal
x[nJ = is periodic or not. If it is periodic,
"iftn/3+r't41 state its periodic time. lz+zl
2- Find the output of LTI system having impulse response h[n] = (r /z)^{u[n + z] _ uln _
and input signalx[n] = {2, r, a.5, - r }. Also check the answer . 2]]
3' state and explain the properties of a Region
r3+2r
of convergence (Roc). v/"' Find the r''s inverse z-
transformof X(z)= ,b-1r']ft*r-,[r-r-')
[3+3]
4' Plot the pole-zero in z-plane and Draw Magnitude Response (not
system described by difference equation to the scale) of the
y[n]-0.ay[n-lJ+0.2y[n_2J=xln]+0.Sx[n_t]+0.6x[n_2]+0.8x[n_3]
[3+7)
5. Draw the direct fornl pd^Lattice structure
of a filter with system function
H(z) = l+0.7 z-t +l.Zza -z'3 .
6' why Kaiser window is better than other fixed windows in FIR filter [3+71
six coefficients of impulse response of a low pass design? Find out first
frequencycop=0.2n, Stop band edge frequency
rrn filter having pa* band edge
os =0.5fi and Stop band attenuation
cr. = 41dB using any appropriate window
function, . 12+6r
7' what is an optimum filter? show mathematical
----- expression ('r
algorithm for FIR firter design with flow --'rlrvDD^,r rrr' x'e
of the Remez exchange
chart.
8' [r+6J
Design a low pass discrete IIR filter by Bilinear Transformation method
approximate Butterworth firter having specifitations to an
as berow: t15l
Pass bandedge frequency (oo) :0.27n
radians
Stop bandedge frequency (alr) = 0.5g
n radians
Passband ripple (60) = 0.1 I
Stopband ripple (6r) = 0.21, Consider
sampling frequency 0.5 Hz.

9. Computethe8-pointDFToftheseq..^-^ -rr = [t I I I
uence x[nJ I
lr' t'i'i'0,0,0,0] using Decimation in
Frequency Fast Fourier Transform (DIF-FFT)
argorithm. t7l
l0' what is a zero padding? If xrG) and XzG) are
DFT of sequence xr[n] =
and x2[n] = {1, 0j-r, 1,2} respectively
tir"n find the r"qu"n",
{r,2,0, r, -2}
given by X:(k): Xr(k), Xz(k). Yev'vv xr[n];
A3urJ' If
u rrr
DFT of x3[nJ is
[l+7]
***
'.*

36 TRIBHUVANUNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING BE i Full Marks

Examination Control Division

2073 Shrawan

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as
practicable.
Attempt All questions.
{ Theligures in the margin indicate Full Ma$s
Assume suitable data if necessary-

1. Explain the process of calculating fotrier series coefficients- t3l

2. Determine the system output y(n) of the following signals: h(n) = {1,1,1} and
x(n) = {1,1,1,1} t6l
A
t Define a ROC. Find inverse Z-transform of X(z) = zll(z-a'$@+1'5)'), Roc: [zl
< o'+ [1+5]

i
T. State linear constant coefficient difference equation and corresponding system function.

Determine the output sequence of the system with impulse resporuie h[n]=(1/2)"u[n]
when the input signal is x[n] = l0-5sin(nnl2)+20cos?rn -oo < n < co. [3+7]

5'ThesystemfunctionofafilterisH(z)=2+|.82.1-!.62-2+z-'.DrawtheDirectForm
and Lattice Structure implementation of the above filter. [3+7]

6. Explain in detail about how rcctangular window is used in FIR filter design. How Gibb's
oscillations arise in this process. t6l
7. Explain about Remaz exchange algorithm with suitable derivation and flow chart. t9I

8. Using bilinear transformation, design a butterworth low pass filter which satisfies the
folloiving Magnitude Response. Il2l
a.8gl25<[n1ei*l<r for0< a<a.2n
)l< o.tfzs: for o.3n co n
( (
lt(r'*
g. Explain briefly about bilinear transformation method of IIR filter design. t3l
10. Why do we need DFT? Find 8-point DFT of sequence x[n]= {1,-1,2,2,1,1,2,2} using Fast
Fourier Transform algorithm. [2+6]

11. Find xr[n] if DFT of xr[n] is given by Xr(k)=X,(k)Xr(k)where X'(k)andXr(k)are

5-point DFT of x r [n] = {1,-2,2,1,4\ and x r [n] = {2,1,-3,-l} respectively' 171
rf **
".*

31 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY Exam.

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING 80

Examination Control Division Programme BCT 32

2412 Chaitra ry/I Time

-flW:ct -:Pjgi tal Signal Analysis and Processing

(CT704)

r' Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
{ Attempt All questions.
{ Thefigures in the margin indicate Full Marks.
./ Assume suitable data if necesscry.

1. How fourier series coefficients are calculated? Explain. I4l

2. Find the output of LTI system having impulse response h[n] with h[-21 : 1, h[0] = 2,
h[] I : 3 and input signal x[n] with x[0] : LlZ ,xl2l: 2, x[3J : 3. Also check the answer. {3+21
3. Explain the properties of Region of Convergence with examples. t6l
4. Desuibe stability and causality characteristics of LTI system in terms of Impulse
Response and ROC of its transfer function with suitable examples. t4l
5. Plot the pole-zero in z-plane and Draw Magnitude Response (not to the scale) of the
system described by difference equation. 12+41
ylnl - 0.4y[n - 1] + 0. ly[n - 2] = x[n] + 0.6xln - ll
6. Determine the Direct Forrn I and Direct Form II realization of the following system. t5]
y(n) = -0.ly(n -l) +0.2y(n - 2)+3x(n) +3.6x(n -2)+ 0.6x(n - 2)

7 . Compute the lattice coefficients and draw the lattice structure of following FIR system. t5]
H(z) = l+22-t +z-2
8. Describe how digital FIR filter can be design by window method. Why Kaiser window is
better than other fixed windows in FIR filter design? [5+3]
9. tfr/hat is an optimum filter? Show mathematical expression of Remez exchange algorithm
for FIR filter design. [1+6]
10. Explain about the advantages of selecting bilinear transformation method over impulse
invariance method (I I M). Design a digital low pass Butterworth filter using impluse
invariant transformation with pass band and stop band frequencies 200H2 and 500FIz
respectively. The pass band and stop band attenuation are -5dB and -12d8 respectively.
The sampling frequency is 5kHz. Use IIM method. [3+r2l
11. Find the fFT of the signal x[n]{1,1,2,4,3,1,2,11using DIT-FFT algorithm. t8l
12. Compute Circular Convolution of h(n) : {1,2,1, -1, 1} and x[n] : {1,2,3, I }. t7t
***
 'signalx[nJ=5*lrnofo'-*<n<oc'''
Plot Magnitude Response (not to the scale) of tiie system describecl by clifference
equation. t6:i

l .j !r;,1i1i,':
***
output of
L7i
 r{. j', I

B pl

).
 36 TRJBHUVA}IUNTVERSITY Exam. l(t 1-,rtl;l
' INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE rdrTfi,rrT?t i.fl
Examination Control Division Programme BCT Pass Mrrkr 32
2070 Chaitra Year lPart Iv/I Time 3 hrs.

Subject: - Digital Signal Analysis and Processing Gr704)

{ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
{ Attempt All questtons.
r' Thefigures in the margin indicate Full Marhs.
y' Assume suitable data if necessary.

l. Determine which of the following signals are periodic and compute their fundamental
period: t3l
i) Coslzun2/8)
ii) Cos(r/2) cos(znl4)
2. Find output, y(n) when: h(n) = {5,4,3,2} and x(n) : {1,0,3,2) t6I
3. List out the properties of Region of Convergence. Find the Z-transform and locate the
/ ROC of the signal. L2+41

xrnr = (-i)"*r-(])",r-, -,r

4. Find the output of LTI System having impulse response t4l
h[n] = (1/3)n u[n] and input signal x[n] = 5gTna for -o < n < 6 .

5. Plot Magnitude Response (not to the scale) of the system described by difference
equation. ylnl - 0.3 y[n-1]+0.225y1n-21= xlnl + 0.5x[n-l] t6I
6. Determine the Cascadp Form realization of the following system. t4l
-7r
2l x[n]- 2x[n -
irtn - -
vtnl - 1l +
iytn -
1] = Q

(7 . Compute the lattice coefficients and draw the lattice structure of following FIR system
H(z) = l+3.12-t +5.52-2 +4.22-t +2.32a t6I
8. Describe how FIR filter can be designed by window method. Discuss the characteristics
of differentffie of window function. [4+4J

r9, What is an optimum filter? Show mathematical

for FIR filter design
expression of Remez exchange algorithm
ll+61
10. Using bilinear transformation method, design a digital filter using Butterworth
approximation which satisfiers the following conditions: t10l
olr < r for 0<ws0'.2n
lnei"l<
olz for Olensw(ru
fH"i*l<
0.1+0.42-l
11. A digital LPF with cut offfrequency w. = 0.2575 zt is given as H(Z) =
W
Design a digital high pass filter with w'. : 0.3567n. tsl
12; Define Padding zones. Find 8-point DFT of sequence. [1+6]
" x[n] = {1,1,0p,1,1,21 using Decimation in Time Fast Fourier Transform (DITFFT)
algorithm.
W. Whywe need DFT? State and prove Circular Convolution property of DFT. t2+2+47

***
 4r rrusi{uvnN uNrvERsrry Exam. Resular / Back. '
. INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE Full Marks 80

\ F'xamination Control Division. Programme BCT PassMarks 32

. 2069 Bhadra Year / Part IVi II Time 3 hrs.

r' Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
/ Attempt All questions.
r' Theligures in the margin indicate Full Marks.
{ Assume suttable data if necessary.

l. Plot the sequence r[a] = uln* 8] - u[n - aJ. t3l

'2. What is the period of following signals? t4l

(a) rlnl = cos tY"l
(b) x[a] = ,t?
3.What is a sampling? How are the spectrum of continuous time sigrral and the spectrum
of signal obtained by sampling the continuous time signal related? Illustrate with
diagram. t6l

'4. Write about the follorrtng properties of discrete time system:

[a] linearity, [b] time invariarrce, [c] memory, [cl]causality [e] stability. tsl
5. Find the frequency response H@il of the system characterized by difference
eqnation y[n] - 0.8 y[a - 1] + 0.15 y[a - 2l - xlnl = 0. Plot the frequency response
of the system. t6l

6. Realize the system function

1
H(z) =
(1 -
0.52-r) (r - o.ze )(r - o.z -r)tr - o.tz-t)
.. in.ternne. of *ascade of second order sections. Draw the block diagram of the cascade
realizuion. t6I

7. Write about the sign magnitude and 2's complement representation of binary
tractional number. Write about truncation error and rounding error. t6I
.8. Describe digital Butterworth filter design using impulse invariance technique. What
are the limitations of impulse invariance technique? n5I

9. Derive the expression for frequency response of symmetric linear phase filter of
length M, where M is odd. t6I
'
10. Use the'Flanning window to design a digital low-pass FIR filter with Pass band
frequency (CIp) = O,25rand Stop band frequency (a4) = O,3rc. t8I

t l. Perform circular convolution of the sequences xlnf = t1 0 U and h[n] = [1 0 2 1]. tsI
12. Write about multiplication and convolution property of Discrete Fourier Transform. t6I
13. Draw the flow diagram of four point decimation in time Fast Fourier Transform
algorithm. t4l
* *:F
 4I TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSIry Exam. Regular / Back
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEF"RING Level BE Full Marks 80
Examination Control Division Programme BCT PassMarks 32
2068 Bhadra Year / Part rv/II Time 3 h,rs.

^Sz
and
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicirble.
/. Attempt.'Altqqestions. - -*<- ' :'
AssumO buitable data if necess:dry.
..
1. Find the.n.rgy and power of the signal x[n] : u[n]. i5l
2. Find the period of the signal *trrl :Ii=-- 5[, 2 -3m]. Find the-Fourier series
x[n].
:

coefficients of the signal t6l

3. :
State whether or not the system y[n] e*[2nl is (a) Iinear (b) time invariant (c) memoryless
(d) causal. Where x[n] is input to System and y[n] is output of systern. tsl
4;.Convo1vethesequencesx[rr]:=3nu[_n-5].andy[n=u[n_5].. tsl
.: : : ..i.

5. Find the frequency responpe of the :linear time.'invariant,system-characterized by

difference equation y[nJ -*Vfn-r]*l{n-21=x[n].. If input to the system is
24"' ' 24"
*tr] = r). r,r[; r) tn"r, determine output y[n] orthe system. t7l
'* [;
6. Realize the overall svstem function: tel

(l
| "-'l
,-, ,, , -\,',0 - I "tI ,-')
H(z) = ,(
4 -r)(r- |
(1- '-L
5 7'"iiru
x,-1,-')o-; e 7
z-l )

In terms of direct from I and direbt from II structures. Drau' the corresponding block
diagrams of direct from I and direct frorn IT strtr-cft.tres.
7: I-{o'*. tlre .spectrum of eoirtinuous tirne sigiral is relateC to'specttum of cariespondiiig
discrete time signal obtained by sampling the continuous time'signal? Explain. Discuss -
what is aliasing and howit occurs. t8l
8. If passband cDp:0.25n, stopband edge frequency co, = 0.45n, passband
edge frequency
ripple 6p -0.17 and stopband ripple 6, : 0.27 then design a digital lowpass Butter*orth
. fi lter using b ilinear transform ation techni que. [ 18]

9. Use Blackman window method to design a digital low-pass FIR frlter rvith passband edge

. Blackman window ir 3,M is filter lgngth. Ie]

M'
10. Use the Fast Fourier Transform decimation in frequency algorithm to find the discrete
Fsurier Transform of the sequence x[n] U :2 2 : \: ' . t8l
.{.**.::t..-
 Exam. Ncw Baclr (.
nn
Level BE Full fuIr;tllo f.l,

Examination Coritrol Division Programme BCT 'Pasr Merlli 32

Year lP*t ry/I 3 hrs.

and
ttq"ii'"ei to give their airs*ers in their own words as far is practicable.

FullMaiks.
,/ Assume suitable data

l. xlnl,
, ,*1={l
Find the even and gdd part of signal [3] , ',,,,,
,,,., for-4Sn<0
.,...:|

forl <n<4
2. Illustrate the siguificance of cortvolution sunmation in digital signal inatpis. Compute
the convolution of the following sigr1a!-.s: h(n) ={1,0,1} and x(n)
=
{1,-2,-2,3,4}
12:+47

3.DefineRegionofConvergence,Findihu.,,.Z.transform.of.

,,4, Given H(z) for a system with the following difference equation: .

' : y(n) =l(n)+x(n-2) l2+S+21

Plot its poles anfl zeros in Z plare. Detemrine its magnitude response. Also, determine
uihether system is causal and stable:
Draw lattice structure for given pole - zero system t6I
,

Wbat do youmean by Limit Cycle? How it occurs in recursive system? [1+3]

What is ths condition satisfied by Linear phase FIR filter? Show that the filter with "

h(n) = t-1,0,1) is a linear phase filter. ,

I
Use Hanniug window method to design a digital low-pass FIR filter with pass-band edge
frequency (wo) -- 0.25n,stop-band edge frequency (wr) = 0.35ru wherg main lobe width of
length.
Ifaryrng window is 8dlvI, M is the filter ,. - ' , . rej
Why Spectral Transformation is required? , . '
l2l
Design a low pass digital filter by impulse invarianie method to an approxirirate
.Butterworth filter, if passband edge frequer-rcy is 0.2 n radians and maximum deviation of
0.5 dB below 0 dB gain in the passband. The maximum gain of -15 dB and frequency is
0.J5 zr radian in stopband, consider sarnpling frequency LHz.
Why do we need Discrete.Fourier Transform (DFT) although we have Discrete-time
Fourier Transform (DTFT)? Find circular convolution betwei:n 12+sl

How fast is FFT? Draw the butterfly diagram and compute the value of x(7) using 8 pt
12+61
x(n)={1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}
,,
 36 TRIBHUVAIT'NIVERSITY Exam. lte gular
Level BE I'uil Marlis 80

Examination Control Division Programme BCT Pass Mirrks 32

2069 Chaitra Year / Part ry/r Time 3 hrs., .

(CT70a,) :
# - ::: ::
=.=!:!::a:::::
- Digital Signat Analysis and Processlng ,

^SlDiecrj
I Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as -far as practicable.
questions. ' .
'';;;":;"'
./ AttemptAll .t
,,+:r.,, . . .i,:-r,
/ The.figtresin:tftgmmginindicqteEullMarks. ... qr .:"
- T Assitiiiuttabfr'drtai\n"rrttiiry.l,;il'
''i I

l. Defme- Energy and Power tlpe lsigoal. with suitabte example., Check the signal

2.
'i'-"
-Define LTI system. .Find thd output of LTI system having .impulse responie
i. .:
''
h [n] =2u [n] - 2u.[n.4] and input signal x [n] (1i3)" ur.nl.
.: ..:,, 1. =
[1+4] ,
:

3.Stateth.epropertiesofregio.nofconvergence(RoC)?Derivethetiieshiftingpropertyof._
z.hansfom.l...,..l:.'...,.l
,4, !!y do we need Differenci: Eqr.ntion? Draw'Polq-zero in Z-Plane and plot pagdlude _ ..
respoirse (nolto the scal.e) of the system described by difference equation , , .' , t 12+2+61
'

y[n]:0.ay[n.1]+0,2y[n-2]=x[n]+0.1xtn-i].0.06x[n.2]
5. Determine the Direct Eorm II realization of the fgllowing system
, y(n)=-0.1y(n-l) +0.72y (o-2)+0.7x(n) -0-252x(n-2) ,
-:
6, .Compu-te the latticq coefficients and draw the lattice shucture of follgwing FIR system
, H(z): l+2tr -32'2 + 4z'3
, 'l

7. .Design digital FIR filter for the design of the trow. pass filtsr having
op=0.1z,cor=0.5n,crs:40dB.u.singsuitablewindowfunctign.' .,..' .,
S. .,1Vhat is optimirm filter? Descr.ibe Remez exchange algorittrm for fIR filter design with
ll+61
f Wnut is the advantage of bilinear tansfonnation? Design a low pass discrete time
... .

; : luttrerworth filter applyrng bilinear ftansformationhaving specifications asfollows: - 12+9+41

:.,-..'Pass!andfrequency(wp)=0.25rrradians,..]..., .' i '
radians
, ..1Stop band frequency (w,) = 0.55n'------.-
Passbandripple(Sl=0.11 ',' . .'t , .'j :

. .- ,. .

, Also, convert the obtaingd digital low-pass filter to high-pass filter with new pass band
frequency (wi) = 0.45rt using dlgital domain tr:ansformation. : . ,' ,

10. Why do we need FFT? Find 8-point DFT of sequence x [nJ = {1,1,2,2,1,1,2,1} using
Decimation in frequency FFT (DIFFT) algorithm. l2+71
11. :
Find x3[n] if DFT of x3[n] is given by XrG] Xr(k) Xr(k) where X1ft) and X2G) are
4-poin! DFT of x1[n): .11,2,-2] and x2[n] : {n,2,3,-l } respectively. r : , :'

P.3
 {

4l TRIBHUVA|I r-!'ri', i:i(SiT":' Exam

INSTiTUTE OF EJ\ G]..JE E,P.N.; G Level BE
Examination Controi Division Programme tsCT
2067 Mangsir Year / Part rV/II Time

,s ect: - Di and
Candidates.aranequired to give their answers in their own words as far as oracticable
I
,/ Attempi All questions.
Thefig.tres tn the margin indicate Full Marks.
Assitme suitable data if n:ecessary.

1. Compute and plot even and odd component of the sequence x(n) =- ,2u[n] - 2u[n - a]
-where u[n] is unit step sequence. t2)
?. Vlrite whether or not the following sequences are periodic and write the period. t4l

a) x[n]=sss(+r)
: '.' .(r* n)
- ,i; .b) 'x[n]=t*ff *t,J

3. Find tlre discrete Fourier coefficients of the peribdic sequence with period N : 11 defined

over a period as x[n] =

1, lnlsz
t4
0, 2 <ln [< 5'
4. Show whether or not the system y(n) : nx[2(n - 2)7,n > 0 is (a) linear, (b) time invariant,.
(c) memoryless. [:
5. Find the system function H(z) of the system characterised by difference equation
51
ytnl-;ytn-11-;y[n-2]-x[n]=0. Find the poles and zeros of the system. Use the
o-o '.t.1
pole-zero diagram.to plot the.approxirnate.frequency.response magnitude of'the systern-
1
3
1
z -l t-!z-l
4
t-!z-'
8
6. Realize the system function H(z) = ln
-.n
5
.7I

(,-*,-,)(,-;,") 1- e-J?z-r 1 _1 1-Jtr r-.t

4 4
. terms of cascade of second order sections. Draw the block diagram of the cascade
realization.
7. Show by giving examples that the quantizatign erTor by mrncation for sign magnitude
number, e6* lies in the Iange -(2-b -Z-bu)se*. <(2-b:2-bu) and that for the 2's
' complement nurnber, e12", lies,in the range -(2-b -2-bu)<grrf<€. h is the irumber.of
bits before quantization and b is the number ofbits after quantization.
8j How does an IIR filterdiffer from an FIR filter?
 :'E
o'

9. Find the system function for digital filter using impulsive invariance technique from the
i
analog Butterworth filter transfer function H(s) = .2x .2rc
-/
(s+1.3)(s-1.3e 'T X, - 1.3:-'T )
T = 1 second, and draw the block diagram of the system frrnction, H(z), realized in terms
nf ca^n-rl arAa- na^+i^-^ )J
LI
I

lU.showthatthefilterwithimpulseresponseh[n],0<n<N-.1,rvhereh[n]=htN-1-n],
is a iinear phase filter. t6l
11. Use the window method to design a digital low-pass FIR filter with Pass band. frequency
(<op) : 0,35n, Stop band 'frequency (<o.) : 0:45n with stop-betnd attenuation of at least
54d8, r91
L-J

12. Perform circular convoiution of the sequences xr[n] .= [1,2,1], 0 < n < 2 and
tsl
13. The duality pioperty of Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is, if. x[n]---E+X[k] then
Xt"]-!I5nx[[-k]lN. Foi input sequence x[nJ an algorithm can compute DFT using

the formula x[k]=!x1rr1e-'**. ,o* can this same formula be used to find inverse
n=0
discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) of input sequence as X[k] with output sequence as x[n]
(use duility property)? t8l
tt* ri
 o"

32 TRIBHUVAN L'NiVERSJ'I-\' Exam.

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEITING Level BE- 80
BCT (0s9 &
Examination Control Division Programme
Later Batch)
Pass IVIarks 32

2066 Magh Year / Part ry/II Time 3 hrs.

tal s and
./ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
/ AuenzPt Alt:que;tions-
./ The /igures in the marqin indicate Full Marks.
/ Assunte suitable data if necessary.

1. Plot the sequence x(n) =u(n)- u(n -5) + 56(n - 6) + nu(n- 7) -nu(n- 9) where u(n) is
the.unit step sequence and 6(n) is unit sample iequence. 12)
2. Write whether or ncit the foliowing sequences are periodic and write the period. t4I

3. Find the expression for disciete Fourier series of the sequence t4l
o
x(n)= Ia(n-4m).
m=<
4. Show whether or not the following systems are (a) linear; (b) time invariant, (c) bausal,
ll0I
a) y(n) = 2tos2(x(n)) * 2log2(x(n))
b) y(n):sin{x(n)-1(n-l)} ,

5. Perform circuiar. convolution of .the sequences xr(n) = [1,2], 0 (' .n ( I and

:i-fn).- I1 -3.4.-sl- 0 f r: ( 3. t4]
6. Show the complrtation of DFT of sequence x(n) = [,3$,5J using decimation in time FFT
algonithm and hnd the values pf X(t). l6l
7. Let a system be characterized by difference equation. ll0l
y(n) -.0:5y(n - l) - 0.25y(n -.2) - x(n):0, whbre input x(n) --'0-2" u(n), initial
conditions y(-1): 2,y(-21= 4.
Find (a) zero input response of the system, (b) zero state response of the system, (c) total
.response cf th.e system, (C) system function H{z) (e) poles of H(z).
g. . fina the latticeladder filter stnrcture for the LTI system with system function. t6l
l.+ I z-l +: z-2 +- z-t
1

H(z)
Z
2-" 3
f* 15 -l +-z'+- z-7.
55
 o.

9. For the first orderdlter, y(n) = Q{a y(n - 1)) + x(n), the product terrn "a y(n - 1)" has
been quantized by rounding it to 3 bits. y(-l) = 0, x(n) = 0.8756(n), a = -0.5. Shbrv
whether the filter goes into limit cycle. What is the period of limit cycle? t4l
' l0.Design a digital low-pass Butterworth filter.using Billinear transformation. Filter
--'r- specifications are as follows: Pass band frequency (<op) : 0.3n, Stop banlfftequency
(ro,) = O.An,Pass band ripple (6r) = 0.1l, Stop band ripple (6,) = 0.21. ll sl
. -
a) Find the order of lilter (N)
b) Find the cutoff frequency (oc)
c) Find the poles (s1,; br tn. squared magrr,iiurir r"sponsc of analog Qurto-r,n1t! filtAr
d) Find H(s)
e) Find the digital Buttenvdrth Iilter H(z)
ll.Design a digital low-pass FIR filter with the following specilications using. Kaiser
Window. PasS band ftequency (rop) = 0.25n, stop band'frequency (cor) = 0.65n, Pass b-and

. b) Find the cutcifl'-frequency (ro.)

c) lind the value of shape parameter (p) :

" di
' e)
Find Kiiser wiirdow frnt"l) i -

Find the filter impulse response (h(n))

Some modified Bessel function values are as given below.
'x 0 I _3165 r.7237 l.84ss r.9271 L93 1.9903 2
Jo(x) I t.4826 1.8926 2.0s08 2.1675 2.1718 2.2642 2.2796
**:i