Lesson 4: Gender as the Social 2.

Feminine
Component of Sexuality
Non-Binary Classifications of Gender:
Gender – socially constructed characteristics of 1. More than one gender – bisexual and tri-sexual
men and women, which varies from society to 2. Agender– no gender, non-gendered,
society and can be changed (WHO). genderless, genderfree, or neutrois
– refers to the individual’s and society’s 3. Gender Fluid – moving between genders or
expression of sexuality and the malleable having a fluctuating gender identity
concepts of femininity and masculinity
– describes the psychological (gender identity) Gender spectrum – refers to the idea that there
and sociological (gender role) representations of are many gender identities ( male, female,
the biological sex Identity transgender, two-spirit etc.
– the way you you are viewed by the world and
the characteristics that define you;conscious Types of Genders Based on Congruence to
sense of self that we develop through social Ascribed Sex
interaction; constantly changing due to 1. Cisgender –denoting or relating to a person
experiences and information we acquire in our whose sense of personal identity and gender
daily interaction with others (Erik Erikson) corresponds with their sex at birth.
Gender Role – the role or behavior learned by a 2. Transgender –are people whose gender
person as appropriate to their gender, identity is different from the gender they were
determined by the prevailing cultural norms; a thought to be at birth.
social role encompassing a range of behaviors and
attitudes that are generally considered BEHAVIORS AFFECTED BY GENDER EXPRESSION
acceptable, appropriate, or desirable for a person 1. Gender role
based on that person’s biological or perceived 2.Career Path
traits. 3. Dating and relationships
Gaydar – the ability to recognize homosexuals 4. Sexual Behavior
through observation or intuition; the attempt to
detect sexual orientation in social situations.
Gender Identity – an individual's personal sense
of having a particular gender.
Gender Stereotype – preconceived ideas whereby
females and males are arbitrarily assigned
characteristics and roles determined and limited
by their genders.
Gender Identity – one’s internal, personal sense
of being a man or woman (Gay and Lesbian
Alliance Against Defamation).
Gender Expression – the way in which a person
expresses their gender identity, typically through
their appearance, dress and behavior; external
manifestations of gender, expressed through
one’s name, pronouns, clothing, haircut, behavior, ELIMINATING THE GAP:
voice, or body characteristics (Gay and Lesbian Coming out of the Closet / Coming out – a
Alliance Against Defamation). Society identifies metaphor for LGBT people’s self-disclosure of
these cues as masculine or feminine, although sexual orientation and gender identity
what is considered masculine or feminine changes
over time and varies by culture. Out – individuals who are openly LGBT
Closeted ( in the closet) – are adjectives for
Types of Gender Classification based on Identity lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, LGBT people
1. Gender Binary ( Gender Binarism) classification who have not disclosed their sexual orientation or
of genders into two distinct, opposite forms of gender identity and aspects thereof, including
masculine and feminine, male and female, sexual identity and sexual behavior; individuals
whether by social system or cultural belief; usually who opted to keep their gender identity and
views gender as a category sexual orientation in private
2. Non-Binary –norm people use to describe Outing – a deliberate or accidental disclosure of
genders that don't fall into one of these two an LGBT person’s gender Identity and Sexual
categories , male or female; classification of Orientation.
gender based on a variety of ranges, often are not Glass Closet – the state in which the sexual
exclusively masculine or feminine; usually orientation or gender identity of an individual is
views gender as a spectrum known to many but not publicly acknowledged.
Transitioning – the act of making a change, og
Binary Classification of Gender: going from one set of characteristics or
1. Masculine circumstances to another; the process of changing
one’s gender presentation and/or sex things, especially on the grounds of race, age , or
characteristics to accord with one’s internal sense sex; typically occurs when individuals are treated
of gender identity. in a way which is worse than the way people are
Social Transitioning – the aspects of transition usually treated, on the basis of their actual or
involving social, cosmic, and legal changes, perceived membership in certain groups or social
without regard to medical intervention; is the categories.
social portion of transition in which a transgender
person makes others aware of their gender Social Stigma – is a term given when a person's
identity includes telling people about your gender social, physical or mental condition iluences other
identity, changing name used within social people's view of them or their behavior towards
interactions, asking others to use different them; the disapproval of, or discrimination against
pronouns, titles, and other gendered language in a person based on perceivable social
reference to you, changing gender expression characteristics that serve to distinguish them from
whether or not the new gender corresponds to other members of the society; commonly related
any traditional gender roles. Passing – refers to to culture, gender, race, intelligence and health.
being perceived and accepted by other people in a
manner that is consistent with one’s gender Gender-based violence – is likely to results in
identity. Going Stealth – means to live as a gender physical, sexual, or psychological harm or
without other people realizing a person is suffering to women. This includes threats or
transgender. Detransitioning – it can mean that a violence, coercion, or arbitrary deprivation of
person no longer identifies as “trans” or feel they liberty, whether occurring in public or private; any
are now a different geno one they previously act that is perpetuated against a person’s will and
identified as; the process of changing one’s is based on gender norms and unequal power
gender presentation and/or sex characteristics relationships.
back to accord with one’s assigned sex.
Bullying – the behavior of a person who hurts or
Sex Reassignment Surgery – a surgical procedure frightens someone smaller or less powerful, often
(or procedures) by which a transgender’s forcing that person to do something they do not
appearance and function of their existing sexual want to do; the use of force, coercion, or threat,
characteristics are altered to resemble those to abuse, aggressively dominate, or intimidate.
socially associated with their identified gender. It
is part of treatment for gender dysphoria in Criteria for Bullying:
transgender people. 1. Hostile intent
2. Imbalance of Power
Factors affecting the Decision to Subject oneself 3. Repetition
to Surgery: 4. Distress
(a) Concern about pain and post-surgery
management; Sexual Harassment – behavior characterized by
(b) Cost and Availability of Services; the making of unwelcome and inappropriate
(c) Culture and Religion; Legality in one’s country sexual remarks or physical advances in a
or community workplace or other professional or social
situation; any form of sexual behavior that is
LESSON 4. Part 2: SOCIAL ISSUES RELATED offensive, humiliating, or intimidating.
TO GENDER
THE ISSUE OF CONSENT AND POWER
Gender Inequality –is the idea that men and Sexual consent- is consent to engage in sexual
women are not equal and that gender affects an activity; refers to voluntary, conscious, and
individual's lng experience. These differences arise empathic participation in a sexual act, which can
from distinctions in Biology, Psychology, and be withdrawn at any time (Cited by Lucas & Fox,
cultural norms; legal, social, and cultural situation retrieved 2020). Sexual consent is the baseline for
in which sex and gender determine different what psychologists and sociologists consider
rights and dignity for men and women, which are normal – acceptable and healthy – sexual
reflected in their unequal access to or enjoyment behavior.
of rights, as well as the assumption of stereotyped When engaging in sexual behaviors with a
social and cultural roles. (e.g. usually, men are partner, a clear and explicit understanding of your
socially regarded as being of higher value. This boundaries, as well as your partner’s boundaries,
asymmetrical situation is present in many areas of is essential. Discussing personal boundaries prior
social life and can lead to violence – physical, to sexual involvement reduces the likelihood of
verbal, or psychological.) *European Institute for miscommunication and unwanted sexual
Gender Equality (UIGE) **unequal treatment or advances.
perceptions of individual based on their gender.
Rape – the use of force, intimidation, or threat to
Discrimination – the unjust or prejudicial coerce a targeted individual into a non-
treatment of different categories of people or consensual; sexual activity without consent sexual
intercourse or any related non-consensual sexual
activity.

Criteria for Rape (RA8353):

1. The sexual activity is coerced by force, threat,
or intimidation
2. The offended party is deprived of reason or
otherwise unconscious
3. There is utilization of a deceitful scheme or
grave abuse of authority
4. The offended party is 16 years old or mentally
unstable

In many circumstance, the power imbalance

between the victim and the harasser is a common
feature of sexual harassment cases. This power
imbalance between the parties often impacts the
ability of the victim to resist or expressly indicate
that the conduct is unwelcome and may
perpetuate the harassment or worsen its impact
on the harassed person.

DEVELOPMENTS
House panels approve bill raising age for
statutory rape to 16
By Kristel Limpot, CNN Philippines Published Aug
27, 2020 10:25:10 PM

Metro Manila (CNN Philippines, August 27) — A

bill which seeks to raise the age of sexual consent
in the Philippines to 16 years old was approved on
Thursday by the House Committees on Revision of
Laws and Welfare of Children.

Under the country’s Anti-Rape Law signed in

1997, a sexual intercourse is automatically
considered as statutory rape if the victim is under
12 years old — the lowest in Southeast Asia.
While the law also criminalizes sex with minors
under age 18, it only does so if consent is not
present or if the act involves force , threat, or
intimidation.

The substitute bill further seeks to amend the

definition of rape to include certain acts of
perversion for sexual gratification, and will not
extinguish criminal liability despite the presence
of forgiveness or subsequent marriage between
the rapist and the victim.