EXTRA PRACTICE

QUANT TOPIC – WISE EXCERSIE

(700-800 LEVEL QUESTIONS)

TOPIC 1 – GENERAL ARITHMETIC

Venn Diagram / Overlapping SETS

1.
For an overlapping sets problem it is best to use a double set matrix to organize the information and
solve. Fill in the information in the order in which it is given.

Of the films Empty Set Studios released last year, 60% were comedies and the rest were horror
films.
Horror
Comedies Total
Films
Profitable
Unprofitable
Total 0.6x 0.4x X

75% of the comedies were profitable, but 75% of the horror moves were unprofitable.

Horror
Comedies Total
Films
Profitable 0.75(0.6x)
Unprofitable 0.75(0.4x)
Total 0.6x 0.4x X

If the studio made a total of 40 films...

Comedies Horror Films Total

Profitable 0.75(24) = 18
Unprofitable 0.75(16) = 12
Total 0.6(40) = 24 0.4(40) = 16 x = 40

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Since each row and each column must sum up to the Total value, we can fill in the remaining boxes.

Comedies Horror Films Total

Profitable 18 4 22
Unprofitable 6 12 18
Total 24 16 40

The problem seeks the total number of profitable films, which is 22.

The correct answer is E.

2.
For an overlapping set problem we can use a double-set matrix to organize our information and
solve. Let's call P the number of people at the convention. The boldface entries in the matrix below
were given in the question. For example, we are told that one sixth of the attendees are female
students, so we put a value of P/6 in the female students cell.

FEMALE NOT FEMALE TOTALS

STUDENTS P/6 P/6 P/3
NON STUDENTS P/2 150 2P/3
TOTALS 2P/3 P/3 P

The non-boldfaced entries can be derived using simple equations that involve the numbers in one of
the "total" cells. Let's look at the "Female" column as an example. Since we know the number of
female students (P/6) and we know the total number of females (2P/3), we can set up an equation to
find the value of female non-students:

P/6 + Female Non Students = 2P/3.

Solving this equation yields: Female Non Students = 2P P/6 = P/2.

By solving the equation derived from the "NOT FEMALE" column, we can determine a value for P.

P P
+ 150 = P + 900 = 2P P = 900
6 3

The correct answer is E.

3.
This question involves overlapping sets so we can employ a double-set matrix to help us. The two
sets are speckled/rainbow and male/female. We can fill in 645 for the total number of total speckled

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trout based on the first sentence. Also, we can assign a variable, x, for female speckled trout and the
expression 2x + 45 for male speckled trout, also based on the first sentence.

Male Female Total

Speckled 2x + 45 x 645
Rainbow
Total
We can solve for x with the following equation: 3x + 45 = 645. Therefore, x = 200.

Male Female Total

Speckled 445 200 645
Rainbow
Total

If the ratio of female speckled trout to male rainbow trout is 4:3, then there must be 150 male
rainbow trout. We can easily solve for this with the below proportion where y represents male
rainbow trout:

4 200
=
3 y

Therefore, y = 150. Also, if the ratio of male rainbow trout to all trout is 3:20, then there must be
1000 total trout using the below proportion, where z represents all trout:

3 150
=
20 z

Male Female Total

Speckled 445 200 645
Rainbow 150
Total 1000
Now we can just fill in the empty boxes to get the number of female rainbow trout.

Male Female Total

Speckled 445 200 645
Rainbow 150 205 355
Total 1000
The correct answer is D.

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4.
Begin by constructing a double-set matrix and filling in the information given in the problem.
Assume there are 100 major airline companies in total since this is an easy number to work with
when dealing with percent problems.

Wireless No Wireless TOTAL

Snacks ? MAX ? 70
NO Snacks 30
TOTAL 30 70 100

Notice that we are trying to maximize the cell where wireless intersects with snacks. What is the
maximum possible value we could put in this cell. Since the total of the snacks row is 70 and the
total of the wireless column is 30, it is clear that 30 is the limiting number. The maximum value we
can put in the wireless-snacks cell is therefore 30. We can put 30 in this cell and then complete the
rest of the matrix to ensure that all the sums will work correctly.

Wireless No Wireless TOTAL

Snacks 30 40 70
NO Snacks 0 30 30
TOTAL 30 70 100
The correct answer is B.

5.
This is a problem that involves two overlapping sets so it can be solved using a double-set matrix.
The problem tells us that there are 800 total students of whom 70% or 560 are male. This means that
240 are female and we can begin filling in the matrix as follows:

Male Female TOTAL

Sport
No Sport maximize
TOTAL 560 240 800

The question asks us to MAXIMIZE the total number of students who do NOT participate in a sport.
In order to maximize this total, we will need to maximize the number of females who do NOT
participate in and the number of males who do NOT participate in a sport.

The problem states that at least 10% of the female students, or 24 female students, participate in a
sport. This leaves 216 female students who may or may not participate in a sport. Since we want to
maximize the number of female students who do NOT participate in a sport, we will assume that all
216 of these remaining female students do not participate in a sport.

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The problem states that fewer than 30% of the male students do NOT participate in a sport. Thus,
fewer than 168 male students (30% of 560) do NOT participate in a sport. Thus anywhere from 0 to
167 male students do NOT participate in a sport. Since we want to maximize the number of male
students who do NOT participate in a sport, we will assume that 167 male students do NOT
participate in a sport. This leaves 393 male students who do participate in a sport.

Thus, our matrix can now be completed as follows:

Male Female TOTAL

Sport 393 24 417
No Sport 167 216 383
TOTAL 560 240 800
Therefore, the maximum possible number of students in School T who do not participate in a sport is
383.

The correct answer is B.

6.
This is an overlapping sets problem, which can be solved most efficiently by using a double set
matrix. Our first step in using the double set matrix is to fill in the information given in the
question. Because there are no real values given in the question, the problem can be solved more
easily using 'smart numbers'; in this case, we can assume the total number of rooms to be 100 since
we are dealing with percentages. With this assumption, we can fill the following information into
our matrix:

There are 100 rooms total at the Stagecoach Inn.

Of those 100 rooms, 75 have a queen-sized bed, while 25 have a king-sized bed.

Of the non-smoking rooms (let's call this unknown n), 60% or .6n have queen-sized beds.

10 rooms are non-smoking with king-sized beds.

Let's fill this information into the double set matrix, including the variable n for the value we need to
solve the problem:

SMOKING NON-SMOKING TOTALS

KING BED 10 25
QUEEN BED .6n 75
TOTALS n 100

In a double-set matrix, the first two rows sum to the third, and the first two columns sum to the
third. We can therefore solve for n using basic algebra:

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10 + .6n = n
10 = .4n
n = 25

We could solve for the remaining empty fields, but this is unnecessary work. Observe that the total
n
numbers that represent percentages, so 75% of the rooms at the Stagecoach Inn permit smoking.

The correct answer is E.

7.
This problem can be solved using a set of three equations with three unknowns. We'll use the
following definitions:

Let F = the number of Fuji trees

Let G = the number of Gala trees
Let C = the number of cross pollinated trees

10% of his trees cross pollinated

C = 0.1(F + G + C)
10C = F + G + C
9C = F + G

The pure Fujis plus the cross pollinated ones total 187
(4) F + C = 187

3/4 of his trees are pure Fuji

(5) F = (3/4)(F + G + C)
(6) 4F = 3F + 3G + 3C
(7) F = 3G + 3C

Substituting the value of F from equation (7) into equation (3) gives us:

(8) 9C = (3G + 3C) + G

(9) 6C = 4G
(10) 12C = 8G

Substituting the value of F from equation (7) into equation (4) gives us:
(11) (3G + 3C) + C = 187
(12) 3G + 4C = 187
(13) 9G + 12C = 561

Substituting equation (10) into (13) gives:

(14) 9G + 8G = 561
(15) 17G = 561
(16) G = 33

So the farmer has 33 trees that are pure Gala.

The correct answer is B.

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8.
For an overlapping set problem with three subsets, we can use a Venn diagram to solve.

Each circle represents the number of students enrolled in the History, English and Math classes,
respectively. Notice that each circle is subdivided into different groups of students. Groups a, e, and f
are comprised of students taking only 1 class. Groups b, c, and d are comprised of students taking 2
classes. In addition, the diagram shows us that 3 students are taking all 3 classes. We can use the
diagram and the information in the question to write several equations:

History students: a + b + c + 3 = 25
Math students: e + b + d + 3 = 25
English students: f + c + d + 3 = 34
TOTAL students: a + e + f + b + c + d + 3 = 68

The question asks for the total number of students taking exactly 2 classes. This can be represented
as b + c + d.

If we sum the first 3 equations (History, Math and English) we get:

a + e + f + 2b +2c +2d + 9 = 84.

Taking this equation and subtracting the 4th equation (Total students) yields the following:

a + e + f + 2b + 2c +2d + 9 = 84
a + e + f + b + c + d + 3 = 68]
b + c + d = 10

The correct answer is B.

9.
This is an overlapping sets problem. This question can be effectively solved with a double-set matrix
composed of two overlapping sets: [Spanish/Not Spanish] and [French/Not French]. When
constructing a double-set matrix, remember that the two categories adjacent to each other must be
mutually exclusive, i.e. [French/not French] are mutually exclusive, but [French/not Spanish] are not

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 construct and fill in a double-set matrix for each
statement. To simplify our work with percentages, we will also pick 100 for the total number of
students at Jefferson High School.

INSUFFICIENT: While we know the percentage of students who take French and, from that
information, the percentage of students who do not take French, we do not know anything about the
students taking Spanish. Therefore we don't know the percentage of students who study French but
not Spanish, i.e. the number in the target cell denoted with x.

FRENCH NOT FRENCH TOTALS

SPANISH
NOT SPANISH x
TOTALS 30 70 100

(2) INSUFFICIENT: While we know the percentage of students who do not take Spanish and, from
that information, the percentage of students who do take Spanish, we do not know anything about the
students taking French. Therefore we don't know the percentage of students who study French but
not Spanish, i.e. the number in the target cell denoted with x.

FRENCH NOT FRENCH TOTALS

SPANISH 60
NOT SPANISH x 40
TOTALS 100

AND (2) INSUFFICIENT: Even after we combine the two statements, we do not have sufficient
information to find the percentage of students who study French but not Spanish, i.e. to fill in the
target cell denoted with x.

FRENCH NOT FRENCH TOTALS

SPANISH 60
NOT SPANISH X 40
TOTALS 30 70 100

The correct answer is E.

10.
For an overlapping set question, we can use a double-set matrix to organize the information and
solve. The two sets in this question are the practical test (pass/fail) and the written test (pass/fail).

From the question we can fill in the matrix as follows. In a double-set matrix, the sum of the first two
rows equals the third and the sum of the first two columns equals the third. The bolded value was
derived from the other given values. The question asks us to find the value of .7x

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 PRACTICAL - PASS PRACTICAL - FAIL TOTALS
WRITTEN - PASS .7x .3x x
WRITTEN - FAIL 0
TOTALS .3x

(1) INSUFFICIENT: If we add the total number of students to the information from the question, we
do not have enough to solve for .7x.

PRACTICAL - PASS PRACTICAL - FAIL TOTALS

WRITTEN - PASS .7x .3x x
WRITTEN - FAIL 0
TOTALS .3x 188

(2) INSUFFICIENT: If we add the fact that 20% of the sixteen year-olds who passed the practical
test failed the written test to the original matrix from the question, we can come up with the
relationship .7x = .8y. However, that is not enough to solve for .7x.

PRACTICAL - PASS PRACTICAL - FAIL TOTALS

WRITTEN - PASS .7x = .8y .3x x
WRITTEN - FAIL .2y 0 .2y
TOTALS y .3x

(1) AND (2) SUFFICIENT: If we combine the two statements we get a matrix that can be used to
form two relationships between x and y:

PRACTICAL - PASS PRACTICAL - FAIL TOTALS

WRITTEN - PASS .7x = .8y .3x x
WRITTEN - FAIL .2y 0 .2y
TOTALS y .3x 188

.7x = .8y
y + .3x = 188

This would allow us to solve for x and in turn find the value of .7x, the number of sixteen year-olds
who received a driver license.

The correct answer is C.

11.
For an overlapping set problem we can use a double-set matrix to organize our information and
solve. We are told in the question stem that 180 guests have a house in the Hamptons and a house in
Palm Beach. We can insert this into our matrix as follows:

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 House in No House in
TOTALS
Hamptons Hamptons
House in Palm
180
Beach
No House in
Palm Beach
TOTALS T

The question is asking us for the ratio of the darkly shaded box to the lightly shaded box.

INSUFFICIENT: Since one-half of all the guests had a house in Palm Beach, we can fill in the
matrix as follows:

House in No House in
TOTALS
Hamptons Hamptons
House in Palm
180 (1/2)T T
Beach
No House in
Palm Beach
TOTALS T

We cannot find the ratio of the dark box to the light box from this information alone.

(2) INSUFFICIENT: Statement 2 tells us that two-thirds of all the guests had a house in the
Hamptons. We can insert this into our matrix as follows:

House in No House in
TOTALS
Hamptons Hamptons
House in Palm
180
Beach
No House in
(2/3)T
Palm Beach
TOTALS (2/3)T T

We cannot find the ratio of the dark box to the light box from this information alone.

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