Unit 2

Football: History, Rules and Vocabulary

Past Simple and Past Continuous (Murphy - English Grammar in Use: Units 5 and 6)

1/ Reading

Try to figure out the meaning of the words in bold using the context. Work in pairs.

Football is one of the world's most popular games. It is played in nearly

every country, by everyone from kids in vacant lots and back streets to
professional players in giant stadiums. Professional football is watched by
billions of people all over the world, and is probably the world's most popular
spectator sport.

History

The earliest known form of the game was developed in China around 500 B.C. It was known
as cuju ('kick-ball') and was played with a leather ball. The object was to kick the ball into a
net stretched between two goal-posts. By 800 A.D. there was a well-organized professional
league in China, and similar games were also being played in Korea and Japan.

The earliest form of the game that we know of in Europe was played in England around 1100
A.D. It was played between big teams, sometimes whole villages, on a large field, and the ball
could be thrown, kicked, or carried towards the opponent's goal. There were very few rules
and games were often wild and rough. The game was repeatedly banned by the authorities
because of the violence and injuries it caused.

The modern game first developed in England in the 19th century. The Football Association
was set up in 1863 and the 'Laws of the Game' were drawn up in the same year. In 1882 the
International Football Association Board (IFAB) was formed, and this organization still
oversees the rules of the game. Then FIFA (Federation Internationale de Football
Association) was founded in 1904 to run international competitions. FIFA still runs the World
Cup, as well as regional competitions such as the European and Asian Cups.

How the Game Works

The modern game is played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with a goal
at each end. Players pass the ball to each other by kicking or heading it, with the aim being to
score goals by getting the ball into the opponent's goal. The game lasts for two 45-minute
halves, and the team scoring the most goals wins. Draws are common, but if a winner has to
be found, a game can go into extra time. If the score is still tied after thirty minutes of extra
time, a 'penalty shootout' can decide the winner.
In general play, the goalkeeper is the only player who can touch the ball with the hands or
arms. All the other players can kick or head the ball only. Players can tackle an opponent in
order to get the ball from them, but must do so without pushing or tripping the player.
Pushing and tripping, along with other illegal actions such as 'handball' and 'offside', are fouls
that can be penalized with a free kick. If a foul is committed in the penalty area near either
goal, the referee can award a penalty kick, meaning a player can have a free shot at goal, with
only the goalkeeper being allowed to try to block it. If a player commits a more serious
offence, such as dangerous play, the referee can issue a yellow card as a warning, or issue a
red card, in which case the player is sent off and cannot be replaced by a substitute. Teams are
normally allowed three substitutes, which can be used to replace players because of injury, or
for tactical reasons.

http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/sports-football.htm

2. Reading - comprehension check: Choose the correct option:

1. The earliest known form of football developed in _______around 500 B.C.

a) India b) China c) Japan d) Australia e) Lebanon

2. The modern game of football first developed in England in the _____century.

a) 18 b) 16 c) 20 d) 19 e) 14

3. The modern game is played by two teams of ______ players.

a) 11 b) 5 c) 6 d) 2 e)10

4. If the score is tied after extra time, a ______ is used to determine the winner.

a) face-off b) draw c) shoot-out d) corner e) toss-up

5. A player is sent off by the referee after he gets a _____.

a) red card b) warning c) bribe d) handball e) yellow card

3. Football Vocabulary

A/ Finish the sentences.

1. A player whose job is to stop attackers from scoring is a __________.

2. Neither team scored, so the game ended in a __________.
3. Tripping, pushing and diving are ___________.
4. Chelsea and Liverpool are teams in the English Premiership ____________.
5. A player throws the ball if an opponent kicks the ball over the ____________.
 6. If a game ends in a draw, it can go into extra ____________.
7. If a player commits a foul in the penalty area, the referee awards a penalty _______.
8. Each team can ____________ up to 3 players during the game.
9. The assistant referee signals when he sees a player in an ____________ position.
10. A player whose role is to score goals is called a _____________.
11.
B/ Match the words to their definitions:

1 assistant referee A/ a free kick taken from one of the corners

of the pitch
2 corner kick B/ an instance of kicking or heading the ball
into the goal
3 dive C/ law requiring at least two defenders to be
between an attacker and the goal line when
the ball is passed to the attacker
4 goal D/ player whose role is to stop the ball from
entering the goal, and the only player who
can handle the ball in general play
5 goalkeeper E/ to replace one player with another
player; also a player used to replace another
6 handball F/ to deliberately fall over when tackled in
order to deceive the referee into awarding a
free kick
7 offside G/ to challenge a player for the ball
8 substitute H/ a warning issued to a player for a serious
foul, two of which result in a red card and
sending off
9 tackle I/ a foul committed by touching the ball with
a hand or an arm
10 yellow card J/ official who runs one of two touchlines and
advises the referee, esp. on offside decisions

4. For Fun:

Read the text about two famous football players. What other famous football players do
you know? Which football player would you call your role model?

Famous Players

Pele

Edison Arantes do Nascimento, or Pele, is rated by many as the greatest footballer of all time.
The Brazilian champion was given the title of Athlete of the Century by the International
Olympic Committee and jointly named FIFA Player of the Century with Diego Maradona. He
was part of three World Cup winning teams, and was known for his brilliant passing, his
speed, his strong heading of the ball, as well as for his brilliance at shooting for and scoring
goals.

Diego Maradona

Diego Maradona is one of the most well-known footballers of all time. He played in four
World Cups for his country Argentina, and led them to their victory over West Germany in
1986. He also won many trophies with Boca Juniors in Argentina, FC Barcelona in Spain and
SSC Napoli in Italy. Together with Pele, he was named FIFA Player of the Century in 2000.
Maradona had a stocky build and his strength and speed made him a difficult opponent for
defenders. He had great ball-control and passing abilities, and was often able to create goal
scoring opportunities for his teammates. He also scored many goals himself, including 34
goals for Argentina in international competitions.