3 Common Indicators Natural Indicator: Acids, Bases and Salts Indicators
3 Common Indicators Natural Indicator: Acids, Bases and Salts Indicators
3 Common Indicators Natural Indicator: Acids, Bases and Salts Indicators
INDICATORS
P18 Q1
PROPERTIES OF ACIDS:
TEST HCl gas with dry litmus paper : doesn’t change colour
because it has no hydrogen [H +] ions
TEST HCl gas with wet litmus paper : turns red. HCl gas
dissolves in water forming HCl solution which then produces H+
& Cl- ions.
P25 Q 1 TO 6
CLASSIFICATION OF ACIDS ON THE BASIS OF DEGREE
OF IONISATION
UNIVERSAL INDICATOR
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
P28 Q1 to 4
Salts having same +ve or -ve ions are said to belong to a family. E.g.
NaCl & Na2SO4 (Sodium salts)
Salts of strong acid & weak base are acidic (pH < 7)
Salts of strong base & weak acid are basic (pH > 7)
It is neutral salt.
It occurs naturally in SEA WATER ( by the process of
evaporation) & ROCK SALT ( Mined from underground deposits
like coal. It was formed when the ancient seas dried up by
evaporation)
Used in making many chemicals e.g. NaOH, Na2CO3, NaHCO3
etc.
Used in cooking & as preservative in pickles.
Used to melt ice on the roads in cold countries.
Uses
In textile industries (for bleaching cotton &linen)
In paper factories (for bleaching wood pulp)
In laundary ( for bleaching washed clothes)
In drinking water to make it germ free.
BAKING SODA – Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate ( NaHCO3)
(POP) (Gypsum)
POP is a white powder.
POP has a property of setting into hard mass on wetting with
water due to formation of gypsum due to hydration.and it
expands slightly in volume & hence used to make casts for
statues, toys.
Used by doctors as plaster for supporting fractured bones in
the right position.
Used for making designs on ceilings of houses & buildings
WATER OF CRYSTALLISATION
The water molecules that form part of the structure of a salt are
called water of crystallization.
e.g. 1
e.g. 2
e.g. 3
Gypsum CaSO4.2H2O
Remember:
e.g. 1
Copper Sulphate CuSO4 (Anhyrous) Copper
Sulphate CuSO4.5H2O (Hydrated)