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Assignment 1 on Differentiation (Syllabus for Mid 2)

The Differentiation and Derivative Rules

The Linear Function Rule.

dy 1 dy 1 dy
=5 x =− =12
i) y = 5x +12 (Ans. dx ), ii) y = 5 - 4 (Ans. dx 4 ), iii) y = 12x (Ans. dx )

The Power Function Rule.

dy dy dy
=10 x =4 x 3 =12 x 3
i) y =5x (Ans. dx
2
), ii) y = x (Ans. dx
4
), iii) y = 3x (Ans. dx
4
)

The Rules for Sums and Differences.

dy dz
=15 x 2 −14 x +4 =−16 t−20t 3 +18 t 2
i) y = 5x -7x + 4x +9 (Ans. dx
3 2
), ii) z = -8t -5t + 6t (Ans. dt
2 4 3
),
dp dv
=−6 q +7 =28 u6 −18 u5
iii) p = -3q +7q -15 (Ans. dq
2
), iv) v = 4u – 3u (Ans. du
7 6
)

The Product Rule.

dy dy
=75 x 4 −140 x 3 =14 x13 +88 x 7 +48 x5
i)y = 5x (3x -7) (Ans. dx
4
), ii) y = (x +8)(x +11) (Ans. dx
8 6
),
dy dy
=56 x 6 −30 x 4 =231 x 10−756 x 8
2 5
iii) y = (4x – 3) (2x ) (Ans. dx 9 2
), iv) y = 7x (3x -12) (Ans. dx ),
dy
=54 x 8 +75 x 4 −64 x 3
v) y = (2x + 5)(3x -8) (Ans. dx
4 5
), vi) z = (3 -12t2)(5 + 4t6) (Ans.
dz
=−384 t 7 +72 t 5 −120 t
dt )

The Quotient Rule.

10 x 8 −6 x 7
8 7
dy 3 x −4 x dy 15 4
y= =35 x 6 −18 x 5 y= 3 = x −4 x 3
i) 2x (Ans. dx ), ii) 4x (Ans. dx 4 ), iii)
4 5 2
4 x5 dy 20 x −48 x 15 x 2 dy 105 x −90 x
y= = 2 y= =
1−3 x (Ans. dx (1−3 x ) ), iv) 2 x 2
+ 7 x −3 (Ans. dx (2 x 2 +7 x−3 )2 ),
6 x−7 dy 26
y= =
v) 8 x−5 (Ans. dx (8 x −5)2 )

The Chain Rule.

dy
6 =72 x 3 (3 x 4 +5)5
i) y=u and u=3 x +5 ; find dy/dx (Ans.
4
dx y=(7 x +9 )2 ; find dy/dx
), ii)
dy dy
=98 x+126 20 =140(7 x−4 )19
(Ans. dx ), iii) y=u and u=7 x−4 ; find dy/dx (Ans. dx ),
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dy
2 7 =56 x ( 4 x 2−1 )6 2 5
iv) y=(4 x −1) ; find dy/dx (Ans. dx ), v) y=( x +3 x −1) find dy/dx (Ans.
dy
=(10 x+15 )( x 2 +3 x−1) 4
dx ).

Higher-Order Derivatives.

For each of the following functions, find the second-derivative

dy 2 d2 y
3 2 =21 x +10 x ; 2 =42 x +10
i) y=7 x +5 x +12 (Ans. dx dx )
2
dy d y
2 =48 x 2 +48 x−4 ; 2 =96 x+ 48
ii) y=(2 x+3 )(8 x −2) (Ans. dx dx )
2
5x dy 5 d y 30−90 x
y = 2
; 2=
iii) 1  3x (Ans. dx (1−3 x ) dx (1−3 x ) 4 )
2 2
7 x2 dy 7 x −14 x d y 14
y= = 2
; 2=
iv) x−1 (Ans. dx ( x−1) dx ( x−1 )3 )
2
dy 2 d y
=24(8 x−4 ) ; 2 =384 (8 x−4 )
v) y=(8 x −4 )3 (Ans. dx dx )

Unconstrained Optimization with One Choice Variable

3 2
1. Maximize the following total profit function: Π=−Q +48 Q −180 Q−800 .
(Ans. Q = 30 provides a maximum and Π = 10000)
1
TC= Q 3 −8 .5 Q2 +60 Q+27
2. Minimize the following total cost function: 3 .
(Ans. Q = 12 provides a minimum and TC = 99)

Partial Derivatives
3. Find the first-order partial derivatives for each of the following functions:
2 3 3 2 2
i) z=3 x y (Ans. z x =6 xy ;z y=9 x y )
−17 y 17 x
zx = ; z y =
ii) z=(6 x +7 y )/(5 x +3 y ) (Ans. (5 x+3 y )2 (5 x+3 y )2 )
5x −35 y 35 x
z= zx = ; z y =
iii) 6 x−7 y (Ans. (6 x−7 y )2 (6 x−7 y )2 )
2
iv) z=( x + y ) (Ans. z x =2( x+ y );z y=2( x + y ) )
2 2
v) z=(2 x−5 y )3 (Ans. z x =6(2 x−5 y ) ; z y =−15(2 x−5 y ) )
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4. Find the second-order direct partial derivatives ( z xx ,z yy ) and the cross partial derivatives
( z xy , z yx ) for each of the following functions:
2 2
i) z=3 xy (Ans. z x =3 y ; z xx =0 ;z xy =6 y ; z y =6 xy; z yy =6 x ; z yx =6 y )
2
ii) z=x +2 xy+ y (Ans. x
2 z =2 x +2 y ;z xx =2 ; z xy =2; z y=2 x+2 y ; z yy =2; z yx =2 )
3 2
iii) z=(7 x +3 y ) (Ans. z x =21(7 x+3 y ) ; z xx =2058 x +882 y ; z xy =882 x+378 y ; )
2
( z y =9(7 x +3 y ) ; z yy =378 x+162 y ; z yx =882 x +378 y )

2 2
iv) z=3 x +12 xy+5 y
z =6 x+12 y ; z xx=6 ;z xy =12 ; z y =12 x +10 y ;z yy =10 ; z yx=12 )
(Ans. x
2 3
v) z=8 x y−11 xy
z x =16 xy−11 y 3 ; z xx =16 y ;z xy =16 x−33 y 2 ;
z =8 x2 −33 xy 2 ; z yy=−66 xy ; z yx =16 x −33 y 2 )
(Ans. y

2 2
5. Given the function z=3 x +2 y −xy −4 x −7 y+12 (i) find the extreme values (Ans.
x̄=1 ; ȳ=2 , (ii) determine whether the function is at a maximum or minimum (Ans. Minimum:
z xx (=6 ), z yy (=4 )≻0 ), and (iii) evaluate it at the critical values (Ans. 3).

2 2
6. Given the function z=9 x−3 x +6 xy−8 y +12 y (i) find the extreme values (Ans.
x̄=3 .6; ȳ=2.1 , (ii) determine whether the function is at a maximum or minimum (Ans.
Maximum: z xx (=−6 ), z yy (=−16 )≺0 ), and (iii) evaluate it at the critical values (Ans. 28.8).

Optimization of a Multivariable Function

7. Maximize profits for a monopolistic firm producing two related goods

i.e., P1=f (Q1 , Q2 )
when the two goods are substitutes and the demand and total cost functions are
P1=80−5 Q1 −2Q 2 P2 =50−Q1 −3 Q2 TC=3Q 21 +Q 1 Q 2 +2 Q 22
Use (i) Cramer’s rule for the first-order condition (Ans.
Q̄1 =4 . 17 ; Q̄2 =3. 33 ) and (ii) the

Hessian for the second-order condition (Ans. 1 |H |=−16≺0

and 2 |H |=144≻0;|H|
is negative
definite and Π is maximized). [First find TR=P 1*Q1+P2*Q2 then (Profit=) π = TR-TC and follow
the solution which we solved in the class]

8. A firm produces two goods and in pure competition and has the following total revenue and total
cost functions:
TR=7 Q1 +9 Q2 TC=Q21 +2 Q1 +5 Q2 +2 Q22
Maximize profits for the firm using (i) Cramer’s rule for the first-order condition (Ans.
Q̄1 =2. 5 ; Q̄2=1 ) and (ii) the Hessian for the second-order condition
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(Ans.
|H 1|=−2≺0 and
|H 2|=8≻0;|H| is negative definite and Π is maximized).

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