Introduction of Determinate and Indeterminate Structures
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azerai2000Introduction of Determinate and Indeterminate Structures
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azerai2000INTRODUCTION OF DETERMINATE
AND INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES
LEARNING OUTCOMES
WEEK 1
At the end of this chapter, students should be able to:
❑ identify types of frame structures and structural idealization
❑ define static and kinematic indeterminacy of structures
OUTLINE
Determinate and Indeterminate Structures:
❑ Analysis of beams
❑ Analysis of trusses
❑ Analysis of frames
STRUCTURE
Stable Unstable
Statically Determinate Statically Statically Geometrically
Indeterminate
External Internal
EQUILIBRIUM
• For equilibrium:
Fx = 0 Fy = 0 Fz = 0
M x =0 M y =0 M z =0
• For most structures, it can be reduced to:
Fx = 0
Fy = 0
M o =0
Types of Framed Structures:
❑ beams
❑ trusses
❑ frames
Static indeterminacy
Static indeterminacy is the excess of unknown actions (generalized
applied and reactional forces) as compared to the number of equations
static equilibrium available. The number of excess of unknown actions
represents the degree of static indeterminacy (or redundant).
❑ External indeterminacy occurs at the supports.
❑ Internal indeterminacy occurs in the members of
the structure.
a. Plane truss. Space truss
d = m + r - nj
where,
d = the degree of static indeterminacy,
m = no. of member,
r = no. of reaction,
j = no. of joint.
Plane truss n = 2, space truss n = 3.
(If d = 0 it is statically determinate)
b. Beam and Plane Frame
d = 3m + r – 3j
EXERCISE 1
KINEMATIC
INDETERMINANCY
❑ In the stiffness method, the displacements of the joints
become the unknown quantities.
❑ Therefore, kinematic indeterminacy becomes important.
❑ When loads are applied on structure, each joint will
undergo displacements (translation and rotation).
❑ Some displacements may be known, others unknown.
❑ The number of unknown joint displacements is the
degree of kinematic indeterminacy or the number of
degrees of freedom for joint displacement.
IDEALIZED STRUCTURE
• To develop the ability to model or idealize a structure so that the structural engineer can
perform a practical force analysis of the members
• Support Connections
• Pin connection (allows some freedom for slight rotation)
• Roller support (allows some freedom for slight rotation)
• Fixed joint (allows no relative rotation)
• Support Connections
• In reality, all supports
actually exert distributed
surface loads on their
contacting members.
KINEMATIC
INDETERMINANCY
EXAMPLE
A B
Joint B has 2 degrees of freedom (rotation and
translation). It is normal to neglect axial deformation
and thus no translation. So joint B has only one degree
of freedom (rotation).
B C
A D
Seven degree of freedom if include axial deformation.
Four degree of freedom if ignore axial.
KINEMATIC
INDETERMINANCY
EXAMPLE
A B
Kinematically determinate (zero degree of freedom).
A B C
E F
D
Joints A, B, C and D each has 2 degrees of freedom.
E and F have zero and one degree of freedom
respectively. Thus, is kinematically indeterminate to the ninth degree.
SUMMARY
Analysis of Static Kinematic
indeterminate indeterminacy indeterminacy
structure
Flexibility Method Degree of static N.A
indeterminacy
(Redundant)
Stiffness N.A Degree of
Method freedom (DOF)
