DETAILED LESSON PLAN Earth and Life Sciences Grade 11 Week 4

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL CORE SUBJECT
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCES

Grade 11
CONTENT MINERALS AND ROCKS

CONTENT STANDARDS The learners demonstrate an understanding of the three main categories of rocks, and the
origin and environment of formation of common minerals and rocks.
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS The learners shall be able to conduct a survey to assess the possible geologic / hydro
meteorological hazards that your community may experience.
MOST ESSENTIAL At the end of the lesson, the learners …

LEARNING COMPETENCIES 1. Classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.
DATE Week 4
MATERIALS Laptop / Smartphone; TIFTCI LMS (Learning Management System)
RESOURCES (1) The Rock Cycle by Kelly Dunham (Accessed 09/20/2015)https://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=9lyCYXXIHT0
(2) The Rock Cycle by Annennberg Learner (Accessed 09/18/2015)
http://www.learner.org/interactives/rockcycle/diagram.html
(3) Tarbuck, Lutgens, and Tasa. Earth An Introduction to Physical Geology 11thed, 2014
(4) Rock flowchart by Michael Sammartano (Accessed 09/18/2015)
(5) Blank template: http://www.hmxearthscience.com/Sammartano/Rocks%20Flow
%20Chart.pdf
filled up template by combining data from the following videos:
i. Introduction to Igneous Rocks https://ww.youtube.com/watch?v=aCnAF1Opt8M
ii. Introduction to Sedimentary Rocks https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Etu9BWbuDlY
iii. Metamorphic Rocks Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1oQ1J0w3x0o
(6) Photos for motivation section:
(7) https://1dragonwriter.wordpress.com/2011/05/17/edinburgh-may-17/
(for Edinburgh castle photo02/25/2016)
(8) http://www.public-domain-image.com/ (02/25/2016)
LESSON OUTLINE:
1. Introduction
2. Motivation – Rock Types and Rock Cycle Video
3. Instruction
Rock Classification and Rock Cycle
4. Practice – activity on concept mapping of the different rock types
5. Enrichment – List five minerals and their common uses
6. Evaluation
PROCEDURE MEETING THE LEARNERS’ NEEDS

INTRODUCTION:
Introduce the following learning objectives:

1. Classify and describe the three basic rock types;
2. Explain how and what type of environment each of these rock types are formed;
3. Explain how rocks are transformed from one rock type to another through the rock cycle;
4. Identify and describe the different geologic processes that operate within the rock cycle.
Review
Rocks are aggregate of minerals. It can be composed of single mineral (e.g. Quartzite, a
metamorphic rock composed predominantly of Quartz) or more commonly, as an aggregate of
two or more minerals.
A mineral name can be used as a rock name (e.g. Gypsum Rock which is composed
predominantly of the mineral Gypsum (CaSO 4)).
MOTIVATION:
Show Rock Types and Rock Cycle Video
INSTRUCTION:
Rock Classifications
Rocks are classified on the basis of the mode of formation. The three rock types are igneous,
sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.
1. Igneous rocks - rocks that are formed from the solidification of molten rock material (magma Slow cooling forms large interlocking crystals,
or lava). Molten rock material can solidify below the surface of the earth (plutonic igneous rocks) a texture called phaneritic.
or at the surface of the Earth (volcanic igneous rocks). Minerals are formed during the
crystallization of the magma. Note that the rate of cooling is one of the most important factors Fast cooling does not promote the formation
that control crystal size and the texture of the rock in general. of large crystals.
Question: Differentiate magma and lava. Aphanitic texture: fine-grained texture;

Magma is a molten rock material beneath the surface of the earth. Lava is molten rock material minerals not visible to the naked eye;
extruded to the surface of the earth through volcanic or fissure eruptions. relatively fast rates of cooling/solidification
prevented the formation of large crystals.
Question: Describe plutonic or intrusive rocks and define the process of formation, the
texture and give examples. Porphyritic texture: formed through two
• from solidified magma underneath the earth stages of crystallization: magma partly cooled
• gradual lowering of the temperature gradient at depth towards the surface would cause slow below the surface of the Earth, giving time
cooling/crystallization for the large crystals to grow (phenocrysts)
• Phaneritic texture before it is extruded to the surface forming
• Examples: granite, diorite, gabbro the fine-grained groundmass.
Question: Describe volcanic or extrusive rocks and define the process of formation, the Vesicular texture: voids created by rapid
texture and give examples. cooling which causes air bubbles to be
• from solidified lava at or near the surface of the earth trapped inside.
• fast rate of cooling/crystallization due to huge variance in the temperature between Earth’s
surface and underneath
• common textures: aphanitic, porphyritic and vesicular
• examples: rhyolite, andesite, basalt
• pyroclastic rocks: fragmental rocks usually associated with violent or explosive type of
eruption.
Examples tuff and pyroclastic flow deposits (ignimbrite)
Igneous rocks are also classified according to silica content: felsic, intermediate, mafic and
ultramafic.
• felsic: also called granitic; >65% silica, generally light-colored
• intermediate: also called andesitic; 55-65% silica; generally medium colored (medium gray)
• mafic: also called basaltic; 45-55% silica; generally dark colored
• ultramafic: <45% silica; generally very dark colored; composed mainly of olivine and pyroxene
which are the major constituents of the upper mantle
Photographs of common intrusive rocks with
their extrusive counterparts
1. Granite on the top left with phaneritic

texture and rhyolite on the top right with
aphanitic and vesicular texture.
2. Diorite on middle left with phaneritic
texture vs andesite on middle right with
aphanitic texture. Same composition
but different textures
3. Gabbro on bottom left with phaneritic
texture vs basalt on bottom right with
aphanitic texture. Although the crystals
in the gabbro may not be large, they are still
visible.
4. Temperature and pressure at the Earth’s
2. Sedimentary rocks- These are rocks that formed through the accumulation, compaction, and surface are low, allowing sedimentary
cementation of sediments. They generally form at surface or near surface conditions. processes to happen
• Sedimentary processes at or near the surface of the Earth include: weathering of rocks, 5. Sediment: solid fragments of organic or
sediment transport and deposition, compaction and cementation inorganic materials from weathered and
• Factors in sedimentary processes: weathering and transport agents (water, wind ice) eroded pre-existing rocks and living.
• Common sedimentary features: strata and fossils
• Strata: >1cm is called bedding and anything less is called lamination; layering is the result of a
change in grain size and composition; each layer represents a distinct period of deposition.
• Fossils: remains and traces of plants and animals that are preserved in rocks
Non-clastic / Chemical/Biochemical – derived from sediments that precipitated from

concentrated solutions (e.g. seawater) or from the accumulation of biologic or organic material
(e.g. shells, plant material). They are further classified on the basis of chemical composition.
Clastic/terrigenous - form from the accumulation and lithification of sediments derived from the
breakdown of pre-existing rocks. They are further classified according to dominant grain size.
1.
Conglomerate on top left relatively large and
rounded clasts as compared to the angular
clasts of the breccia on top right.
2. Sandstone middle left with visible grains

and prominent layering and claystone on
middle right with several embedded fossils.
3. Non-clastic sedimentary rocks limestone

on bottom left and coquina on bottom right.
3. Metamorphic rocks - rocks that form from the transformation of pre-existing rocks (igneous,
sedimentary, or metamorphic rocks) through the process of metamorphism. Metamorphism can
involve changes in the physical and chemical properties of rocks in response to heat, pressure,
and chemically active fluids. They are commonly formed underneath the earth through
metamorphism
Contact metamorphism
• Heat as the main factor: occurs when a pre-existing rocks get in contact with a heat source
(magma)
• Occurs on a relatively small scale: around the vicinity of intruding magma
• Creates non-foliated metamorphic rocks (e.g. hornfels)
Regional metamorphism
• Pressure as main factor: occurs in areas that have undergone deformation during orogenic
event resulting in mountain belts
• Occurs in a regional/large scale
• Creates foliated metamorphic rocks such as schist and gneiss
• Non-foliated rocks like marble also form thru regional metamorphism, where pressure is not
intense, far from the main geologic event.
The Rock Cycle

• Show a quick video about the rock cycle (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9lyCYXXIHT0)
• The rock cycle illustrates how geologic processes occurring both at the surface and underneath
the Earth’s surface can change a rock from one type to another.
PRACTICE:
Concept Mapping of the different rock types
Post a flowchart template and let the learners fill up the flowchart by placing the words in their correct
number location.
1 2
3
4 5 6
7 8 9
10 11 12
13 14 15
16 17
18 19 20
21 22 23
24 25
26 27
28
Each diagram should contain the following words/phrases

ENRICHMENT:
Each learner will do research on 3 rocks (one for each rock type). Included in the essay are the following:
history of formation, common environment of formation, common textures, common use of the rock and the
localities in the Philippines where you can find them. The essay should be in Word document file and at least
200 words.
EVALUATION:
1. How does a vesicular texture in a volcanic rock develop?

Answer: As magma rises up to the surface, it is subjected to decreasing pressure, allowing dissolved gases to
come out of the solution forming gas bubbles. When the magma reaches the surface (as lava) and cools, the
rock solidifies around the gas bubbles. The bubbles are then preserved as holes or vesicles. Also, the texture
can also be formed thru the rapid escape of gases.
2. Explain why the vesicular texture is not associated with peridotites.

Answer: Peridotites are intrusive rocks formed beneath the earth’s surface and the high pressure conditions
prevent gases from forming and escaping.
3. How do clastic rocks differ from non-clastic rocks in terms of process of formation?
Answer: Clastic rocks form from rock fragments transported away from their source by wind, water, gravity
or ice rather than by chemical processes such as precipitation or evaporation.
4. Explain how the physical features of sediments change during transport.

Answer: The farther the sediment is transported, the longer the transport takes, and the smaller, more
rounded and smoother the sediment becomes.
5. Differentiate between a foliated and non-foliated rock.

Answer: Foliated rocks has a texture in which the mineral grains are arranged in bands or grains, which is
absent in a non-foliated rock.
6. What do butterflies and metamorphic rocks have in common?

Answer: Butterflies and metamorphic rocks both undergo change from an earlier form (caterpillar for
butterfly, parent rock for metamorphic rock) to a new one.
7. Heat is a major agent in metamorphism and igneous rock formation, but not in sedimentary rocks. Why?
Answer: Sedimentary processes occur in surface conditions - low temperature and pressure conditions.
8. Does every rock go through the complete rock cycle, i.e. changing from igneous to sedimentary rock to
metamorphic then back to igneous rocks? Explain.
Answer: No. Rocks can change into any type of rock or even reform as the same kind of rock for several
cycles.

DETAILED LESSON PLAN Earth and Life Sciences Grade 11 Week 4

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL CORE SUBJECT

EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCES

CONTENT MINERALS AND ROCKS

MOST ESSENTIAL At the end of the lesson, the learners …

MATERIALS Laptop / Smartphone; TIFTCI LMS (Learning Management System)

RESOURCES (1) The Rock Cycle by Kelly Dunham (Accessed 09/20/2015)https://

PROCEDURE MEETING THE LEARNERS’ NEEDS

Introduce the following learning objectives:

Show Rock Types and Rock Cycle Video

Question: Differentiate magma and lava. Aphanitic texture: fine-grained texture;

1. Granite on the top left with phaneritic

Non-clastic / Chemical/Biochemical – derived from sediments that precipitated from

2. Sandstone middle left with visible grains

3. Non-clastic sedimentary rocks limestone

The Rock Cycle

Each diagram should contain the following words/phrases

1. How does a vesicular texture in a volcanic rock develop?

2. Explain why the vesicular texture is not associated with peridotites.

4. Explain how the physical features of sediments change during transport.

5. Differentiate between a foliated and non-foliated rock.

6. What do butterflies and metamorphic rocks have in common?

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