CC 15 FUNDAMENTAL OF PROGRAMMING C++ is still used widely, and the most famous

software have their backbone in C++.

INSTRUCTOR: JOHARY D. ALIMOSA
Contact No. 0946-368-6910 Who uses C++?
Some of today's most visible used systems have
C++ Fundamental of Programming for their critical parts written in C++.
Beginners
What is C++? Examples are Amadeus (airline ticketing)
 Bloomberg (financial formation),
C++ is a general-purpose object-oriented
 Amazon (Web commerce), Google (Web
programming language. It was created by Bjarne search)
Stroustrup at Bell Labs circa 1980. C++ is very  Facebook (social media)
similar to C (invented by Dennis Ritchie in the early
Many programming languages depend on C++'s
1970s). C++ is so much compatible with C that it performance and reliability in their implementation.
will probably compile over 99% of C programs Examples include:
 Java Virtual Machines
without changing a line of source code. Though, C+
 JavaScript interpreters (e.g., Google's V8)
+ is a lot well-structured and safer language than C  Browsers (e.g., Internet Explorer, Mozilla's
as its OOPs based. Firefox, Apple's Safari, and Google's
Some computer languages are written for a specific Chrome)
purpose. Like, Java was initially devised to control  Application and Web frameworks (e.g.,
toasters and some other electronics. C was Microsoft's .NET Web services framework).
developed for programming OS. Pascal was
conceptualized to teach proper programming Applications that involve local and wide area
techniques. But C++ is a general-purpose language. networks, user interaction, numeric, graphics, and
database access highly depend on C++ language.
It well deserves the widely acknowledged nickname
"Swiss Pocket Knife of Languages." 5 Basic Concepts of C++
C++ Variables
Popular programming languages in use?
 Variables are the backbone of any
Popular languages that are mainly in use are Java,
programming language.
C++, Python, and C.
 A variable is merely a way to store some
Lower level languages like
information for later use. We can retrieve
 Assembly Language
this value or data by referring to a "word"
 C that will describe this information.
 C++  Once declared and defined they may be used
Is C++ best programming language? many times within the scope in which they
The answer depends on perspective and were declared.
requirements. Some tasks can be done in C++, C++ Control Structures
though not very quickly. For example, designing  When a program runs, the code is read by
GUI screens for applications. the compiler line by line (from top to
bottom, and for the most part left to right).
Other languages like Visual Basic, Python have This is known as "code flow."
GUI design elements built into them. Therefore,  When the code is being read from top to
they are better suited for GUI type of task. bottom, it may encounter a point where
it needs to make a decision. Based on the
Some of the scripting languages that provide extra decision, the program may jump to a
programmability to applications. Such as MS Word different part of the code. It may even make
and even photoshop tend to be variants of Basic, not the compiler re-run a specific piece again, or
C++. just skip a bunch of code.
  You could think of this process like if you So, syntax in a programming language is much the
were to choose from different courses from same. They are some well-defined set of rules that
Guru99. You decide, click a link and skip a allow you to create some piece of well-functioning
few pages. In the same way, a computer software.
program has a set of strict rules to decide the
flow of program execution. But, if you don't abide by the rules of a
C++ Data Structures programming language or syntax, you'll get errors.
Let's use a list of courses on "guru99" as the C++ Tools
example! You probably have a list of courses in In the real world, a tool is something (usually a
front of you. But how do you think they stored that. physical object) that helps you to get a certain job
There can be a lot of courses, and different users done promptly.
may register for different courses. Do they generate
a different variable for each user? For example, let's Well, this holds true with the programming world
say we need to keep track of 10 courses. too. A tool in programming is some piece of
First, the WRONG WAY: software which when used with the code allows you
If we need to store 10 courses, we would probably to program faster.
define 10 variables, right?
There are probably tens of thousands, if not millions
Wrong. of different tools across all the programming
In the world of programming, this is just a horrible languages.
way of trying to store 10 different variables. This is
because of two main reasons: Most crucial tool, considered by many, is an IDE,
an Integrated Development Environment. An
 The huge amount of text that you'll need to IDE is a software which will make your coding life
write in your program. Sure, right now we so much easier. IDEs ensure that your files and
only have 10 courses, so it's not too bad, but folders are organized and give you a nice and clean
what if we had 1,000 courses! Imagine way to view them.
typing that out a thousand times! Forget
about it!
 The flexibility. Adding another course
would need manual edits to the code. We
would have created variable course11. This
is just crazy!

So, what is the RIGHT WAY?

Storing them in data structures.
A data structure is a great way to get around
having to create thousands of variables. C++
contains many types of inbuilt data structures. Most
often used is arrays which will be taught later.

C++ Syntax
The syntax is a layout of words, expression, and
symbols.

Well, it's because an email address has its well-

defined syntax. You need some combination of
letters, numbers, potentially with underscores (_) or
periods (.) in between, followed by an at the rate
(@) symbol, followed by some website domain
(company.com).