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Indira National School: Ch-3 Playing With Numbers

This document provides information about factors, multiples, prime numbers, and other mathematical concepts related to numbers. It defines factors as exact divisors of a number, and multiples as numbers obtained by multiplying a number by natural numbers. Prime numbers have exactly two factors, 1 and the number itself, while composite numbers have more than two factors. Perfect numbers are those where the sum of all factors equals twice the number. The document also discusses common factors, common multiples, and prime factorization.

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73 views4 pages

Indira National School: Ch-3 Playing With Numbers

This document provides information about factors, multiples, prime numbers, and other mathematical concepts related to numbers. It defines factors as exact divisors of a number, and multiples as numbers obtained by multiplying a number by natural numbers. Prime numbers have exactly two factors, 1 and the number itself, while composite numbers have more than two factors. Perfect numbers are those where the sum of all factors equals twice the number. The document also discusses common factors, common multiples, and prime factorization.

Uploaded by

Anusha
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INDIRA NATIONAL SCHOOL

Wakad, Pune
Date: 24/6/2021
Std. : VI MATHEMATICTS

Ch-3 Playing with numbers


Factors :- A factor of a number is an exact divisor of that number divides the number completely without
leaving any remainder.

Eg. Factors of 38

38= 1 X 38, 2 X 19

38 = 1,2,19,38 are factors of 38.

Properties of Factors:-

1) 1 is factor of every number.


2) Every number is a factor of itself.
3) A factor of a number is less than or equal to the number.
4) Factor of a number is an exact divisor of that number.
5) Factors of a number are finite.

Multiples :- Multiples of a number is obtained by multiplying with the natural number.

Eg. 11 multiples = 11,22,33,44,55,66,…………..

Properties of Multiples :-

1) Every number is a multiple of itself.


2) Multiple is always equal or greater than that number.
3) A number has infinite multiple.
After this Ex:3.1
Prime Numbers:- The numbers are having exactly two factors 1 and the number itself are called prime
numbers.

Eg. 2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29,31,37,41,43,47,53,59………

Composite Numbers :- Numbers are having more than two factors are called composite numbers.Eg.4
,6,8,10,12,………

Perfect Number :- A number for which of all its factors is equal to twice the number is called a perfect
number.

Eg. 28 = factors of 28 are 1 + 2 + 4+ 7+ 14+ 28=56

28 X 2 = 56

28 is a perfect number

Co-prime numbers- Two numbers are said to be co-prime numbers when they have no other common factor
than one.
Eg. 4 and 11
Twin prime numbers- Two prime numbers whose difference is two are called twin prime numbers.
Eg. 5 and 7

Note:-
1) 1 is neither a prime number nor a composite number.
2) The numbers are divisible by 2 are called Even numbers.
3) The numbers are not divisible by 2 are called Odd numbers.
4) 2 is the smallest Even prime number.
5) Every prime number except 2 is odd. After this Ex. 3.2
Test of Divisibility-

Examples

12, 350, 46438


84 = 8 + 4 =12
12 is divisible by 3.
756
56 is divisible by 4.
65, 100

12, 24

45256 is divisible by
8.
180 = 1 + 8
= 9

900 , 30

13 Difference between the number formed by last 3 digits and the


number formed by rest of the digits should be divisible by 13.
14 If the number is divisible by 2 and 7

After this Ex. 3.3


COMMON FACTORS:-

1) What are the common factors of 4 and 18?


The factors of 4 =1,2,4
The factors of 18= 1,2,3,6,9,18
The numbers 1 and 2 are the factors of both 4 and 18.

COMMON MULTIPLES:-

2) Find the common multiples of 3 , 5 , 6.

Multiples of 3 = 3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30………

Multiples of 5 = 5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50……

Multiples of 6 = 6,12,18,24,30,36,42,48,54,60…….

Common Multiples = 30,60………….

Some More Divisibility Rules:-


1) If a number is divisible by another number then it is divisible by each of the factors of that number.
Eg. 24 It is divisible by 8 and the factors of 8 i.e. 1,2,4 and 8 also divide 24.
2) If a number is divisible by two co-prime numbers then it is divisible by their product also.
Eg. 80 is divisible by 4 and 5 .It is also divisible by 4 X 5=20 and 4 and 5 are co-primes.
3) If two given numbers are divisible by a number , then their sum is also divisible by that number
Eg.16 and 20 are both divisible by 4 .The number 16+20=36 is also divisible by 4.
4) If two given numbers are divisible by a number, then their difference is also divisible by that number.
Eg. 35 and 20 are both divisible by 5. Is their difference 35 -20 =15 also divisible by 5.

Prime Factorization:- When a number is expressed as a product of its factors we say that the number has
been factorized.

24 = 2 X 12
2X2X6
2 X 2 X 2 X3
The prime factorization of 24 is 2 X 2 X 2 X 3.
(2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29,31,)

Highest Common Factor:-


Ex. HCF of 20,28,and 36 by Prime factorization :-
20= 2 X 2 X5
28= 2 X 2 X7
36= 2 X 2 X 3 X3
The Common Factor = 2 X 2
HCF= 4 (Product of common factors)

Least Common Multiples:- Ex. Find the LCM of 850 and 680

850 = 2 X 5 x 5 x 17
680 = 2 X 2 X 2 X 5 X 17
Common Factors= 2 X 5 X 17
LCM = Common Factors X Uncommon Factors
= 2 X 5 X 17 X 2 X 2 X 5
= 3400

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