9/13/2020

INTRODUCTION TO
TRANSPORTATION
ENGINEERING
Module 2

OUTLINE
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Transportation Engineering as a Profession
2.3 Transportation as a System
2.4 Philippine Transportation System

1
 9/13/2020

2.1 INTRODUCTION

What is transportation?

It is the movement of
people and goods from one
location to another.

2
 9/13/2020

What is transportation engineering?

• It is the application of
scientific principles to the
planning, design,
operation, and
management of
transportation system

2.2 Transportation Engineering

as a Profession

3
 9/13/2020

WHAT IS THE INVOLVEMENT OF CIVIL

ENGINEERING IN TRANSPORTATION?

CIVIL ENGINEERING INVOLVEMENT

IN TRANSPORTATION
• The primary involvement of civil engineers in
transportation has been in the provision of
physical facilities and devising operating strategies
for them.

4
 9/13/2020

PHYSICAL CIVIL ENGINEERING

• Design, construction, and
maintenance of fixed
transportation facilities
and involves the full
spectrum of engineering
specialties

OPERATING STRATEGIES:
SYSTEM ENGINEERING
• Planning and operation of the transportation system, and is
involved in transportation planning, including the analysis of
transportation demand; analysis of system capacity and operating
characteristics; and the design of traffic control and operating
strategies (which include highway traffic engineering and
operational design of freight and mass transit systems)

5
 9/13/2020

ROLE OF
TRANSPORTATION
TO SOCIETY

Role of Transportation to Society

• Economic
• Social
• Political
• Environmental

6
 9/13/2020

Transportation Employment
• Logistic and Supply-Chain Management
• Vehicle Design and Transportation Services
• Transportation Infrastructure Services

LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY-CHAIN

MANAGEMENT
• Logistics is the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the
efficient and effective flow and storage of goods, services, and related
information from origination to consumption as required by the customer.
• An expansion of the logistics concept is called supply-chain
management: a process that coordinates the product, information, and cash
flows to maximize consumption satisfaction and minimize organization
costs.

7
 9/13/2020

VEHICLE DESIGN AND

TRANSPORTATION SERVICES
• The service sector provides jobs for vehicle drivers,
maintenance people, flight attendants, train conductors,
and other necessary support personnel.

TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE
SERVICES
• Civil engineers are responsible primarily for the planning, design,
construction, operation, and maintenance of the transportation system
• The transportation engineer is the professional who is concerned with the
planning, design, construction, operations, and management of a
transportation system.
• It is the engineer’s responsibility to ensure that the system functions
efficiently from an economic point of view, and that it meets external
requirements concerning energy, air quality, safety, congestion, noise, and
land use.

8
 9/13/2020

SPECIALTIES WITHIN
TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE
ENGINEERING

SUMMARY
• Transportation is an essential element in the economic development of a
society.
• The history of transportation illustrates that the way people move is affected
by technology, cost, and demand.
• The specialties in transportation engineering are planning, design,
construction, traffic management and operations, and maintenance.

9
 9/13/2020

2.3 TRANSPORTATION
AS A SYSTEM

Components of Transportation System

• Physical Facilities
• Control systems
• Operating procedures

10
 9/13/2020

COMPONENTS OF TRANSPORTATION
SYSTEMS
• Physical facilities –
streets, roads, highways,
railroads, airports, sea
and river ports, pipelines,
and canals

COMPONENTS OF TRANSPORTATION
SYSTEMS
• Fleet of vehicles,
vessels, and aircraft

11
 9/13/2020

COMPONENTS OF TRANSPORTATION
SYSTEMS
• Operating bases
and facilities,
including vehicle
maintenance
facilities and office
space

• MAINTENANCE
• QANTAS OFFICE FACILITY

COMPONENTS OF TRANSPORTATION
SYSTEMS
ORGANIZATION
1. Facility-oriented Ex: DOTr, MMDA,
organization – they DPWH, PPA
are involved in
planning, designing,
constructing,
maintaining, and
operating fixed
facilities

12
 9/13/2020

COMPONENTS OF TRANSPORTATION
SYSTEMS
ORGANIZATION
2. Operating Organization (or carriers) – concerned with
operating fleets to provide transportation services. They include
railroads, airlines, truck lines, and private individuals who operate
automobiles, motorcycles, and bicycles.

CHARACTERISTICS OF
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
1. Multi-modal: Covering all modes of transport; air, land, and sea for both
passenger and freight.
2. Multi-sector: Encompassing the problems and viewpoints of government,
private industry, and public.
3. Multi-problem: Ranging across a spectrum of issues that includes national
and international policy, planning of regional system, the location and design
of specific facilities, carrier management issues, regulatory, institutional and
financial policies.

13
 9/13/2020

CHARACTERISTICS OF
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
4. Multi-objective: Aiming at national and regional economic development,
urban development, environment quality, and social quality, as well as service to
users and financial and economic feasibility.
5. Multi-disciplinary: Drawing on the theories and methods of engineering,
economics, operations research, political science, psychology, other natural, and
social sciences, management and law.

STUDY CONTEXT OF
TRANSPORTATION
• 1. Planning range: Urban transportation planning, producing long range plans for 5-
25 years for multi-modal transportation systems in urban areas as well as short
range programs of action for less than five years.
• 2. Passenger transport: Regional passenger transportation, dealing with inter-city
passenger transport by air, rail, and highway and possible with new modes.
• 3. Freight transport: Routing and management, choice of different modes of rail
and truck.
• 4. International transport: Issues such as containerization, inter-modal co-
ordination.

14
 9/13/2020

MODES OF TRANSPORTATION
• Land Transportation
• Air transportation
• Water transportation
• Cable and belt systems

LAND TRANSPORTATION
• Non-motorized
mode of
transport

15
 9/13/2020

LAND TRANSPORTATION
• Motorized mode
of transport

Mode: Public Transportation

• Public transportation is a generic term used to describe the family

of transit services available to urban and rural residents.
• Thus, it is not a single mode but a variety of traditional and
innovative services, which should complement each other to
provide system-wide mobility.

16
 9/13/2020

Public transportation : Transit Mode

• Mass transit, characterized by fixed routes, published schedules, designated
networks, and specified stops. Mass-transit vehicles include buses, light rail or
rapid transit
• Paratransit is characterized by flexible and personalized service intended to
replace conventional fixed-route, fixed-schedule mass-transit lines. Examples
include taxi, car rental, dial-a-ride, and specialized services for elderly,
medical, and other designated users.
• Ridesharing is characterized by two or more persons traveling together by
prearrangement, such as carpool, vanpool, or shared-ride taxi.

FORCES THAT CHANGE THE

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
1. Change in the demand: When the population, income, and land-use pattern changes, the
pattern of demand changes; both in the amount and spatial distribution of that demand.
2. Changes in the technology: As an example, earlier, only two alternatives (bus transit and
rail transit) were considered for urban transportation. But, now new systems like LRT, MRTS,
etc offer a variety of alternatives.
3. Change in operational policy: Variety of policy options designed to improve the efficiency,
such as incentive for car-pooling, bus fare, road tolls etc.
4. Change in values of the public: Earlier all beneficiaries of a system was monolithically
considered as users. Now, not one system can be beneficial to all, instead one must identify the
target groups like rich, poor, young, work trip, leisure etc.

17
 9/13/2020

BASIC PREMISE OF TRANSPORTATION

SYSTEM
• P1 The total transportation system must be viewed as a single multi-modal
system.
• P2 Considerations of transportation system cannot be separated from
considerations of social, economic, and political system of the region.

BASIC PREMISE OF TRANSPORTATION

SYSTEM
• This follows the following steps for the analysis of transportation system:
• S1 Consider all modes of transportation
• S2 Consider all elements of transportation like persons, goods, carriers (vehicles),
paths in the network facilities in which vehicles are going, the terminal, etc.
• S3 Consider all movements of passengers and goods for every O-D pair.
• S4 Consider the total trip for every flows for every O-D over all modes and
facilities.

18
 9/13/2020

BASIC PREMISE OF TRANSPORTATION

SYSTEM (EXAMPLE)
As an example, consider the study of intra-city passenger transport in metro cities.
• Consider all modes: i.e rail, road, buses, private automobiles, trucks, new modes like
LRT, MRTS, etc.
• Consider all elements like direct and indirect links, vehicles that can operate,
terminals, transfer points, intra-city transit like taxis, autos, urban transit.
• Consider diverse pattern of O-D of passenger and good.
• Consider service provided for access, egress, transfer points and mid-block travel etc.
Once all these components are identified, the planner can focus on elements that are
of real concern

SEVEN CATEGORIES OF
TRANSPORTATION ORGANIZATIONS
• Private companies • Organizations of Transportation
• Regulatory agencies users

• Government agencies
• Local Government Units
• Trade associations
• Professional societies

19
 9/13/2020

2.4 PHILIPPINE
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

ASSIGNMENT

20
 9/13/2020

Philippine Transportation System

• What are the different modes of transportation in the

Philippines?
• What are the different transportation organizations and
their roles?

Assignment/Activity
Transportation Engineering as a Profession
• To illustrate the importance of transportation in our national life, identify a
transportation-related article that appears in a local or national newspaper.
Discuss the issue involved and explain why the item was newsworthy.
• Identify one significant transportation event that occurred in your city or
state. Discuss the significance of this event.
• Describe your city/municipality’s transportation infrastructure. Include both
passenger and freight transportation.

21
 9/13/2020

Assignment/Activity
Transportation as a System
• How would your typical day be changed without availability of your principal
mode of transportation? Consider both personal transportation as well as goods
and services that you rely on.
• What are the most central problems in your state concerning one of the
following: (a) air transportation, (b) water transportation, (c) public
transportation?
• An individual is planning to take an 800-mile trip between two large cities. Three
possibilities exist: air, rail, or auto. The person is willing to pay $25 for every hour
saved in making the trip. The trip by air costs $600 and travel time is 8 hours, by
rail the cost is $450 and travel time is 16 hours, and by auto the cost is $200 and
travel time is 20 hours. (a) Which mode is the best choice? (b) What factors other
than cost might influence the decision regarding which mode to use?

Assignment/Activity
Transportation as a System
• List the seven categories of transportation organizations, and give one example
of each.
• List three examples each for the four modes of transportation.
• What are the advantages of using public transportation?

22