w.e.f.

2010-2011 academic year

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY: KAKINADA

KAKINADA-533003, Andhra Pradesh (India)
MINING ENGINEERING

COURSE STRUCTURE

I YEAR I SEMISTER
S. No. Subject T P Credits
1 English – I 3 - 2
2 Mathematics - I 3 - 2
3 Engineering Physics – I 3 - 2
4 Engineering Chemistry I 3 - 2
5 C Programming 3 - 2
6 Environmental Studies 3 - 2
7 Engineering Physics & Engineering Chemistry Laboratory -I - 3 2
8 Engineering Workshop (Carpentry, Fitting, House wiring, ) - 3 2
9 C Programming Lab - 3 2
10 English Proficiency Lab - 3 2
Total 20

I YEAR II SEMISTER
S. No. Subject T P Credits
1 English – II 3 - 2
2 Mathematics – II 3 - 2
3 Engineering Physics – II 3 - 2
4 Engineering Chemistry-- II 3 - 2
5 Engineering Drawing 3 - 2
6 Mathematical Methods 3 - 2
7 Engineering Physics & Engineering Chemistry Laboratory -II - 3 2
8 English - Communication Skills Lab - 3 2
9 IT Workshop - 3 2
Total 18
w.e.f. 2010-2011 academic year

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY: KAKINADA

KAKINADA-533003, Andhra Pradesh (India)
MINING ENGINEERING

COURSE STRUCTURE

II YEAR I SEMISTER
S. No. Subject T P Credits
1 Engineering Mechanics 4 - 4
2 Thermodynamics 4 - 4
3 Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulic Machinery 4 - 4
4 Electrical and Electronics Engineering 4 - 4
5 Mining Geology- I 4 - 4
6 Computer Aided Engineering Drawing Practice 6 - 4
7 Electrical and Electronics Engineering Lab - 3 2
8 Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machinery Lab - 3 2
9 English Communication Practice - 2 1
10 Professional Ethics & Morals – I 2 - -
Total 29

II YEAR II SEMISTER
S. No. Subject T P Credits
1 Kinematics of Machinery 4 - 4
2 Metallurgy and Material Science 4 - 4
3 Mechanics of Solids 4 - 4
4 Managerial Economics and Financial Analysis 4 - 4
5 Surface Mining 4 - 4
6 Mining Geology - II 6 - 4
7 Geology Lab - 3 2
8 Mechanics of Solids and Metallurgy Lab - 3 2
9 English Communication Practice - 2 1
10 Professional Ethics & Morals – II 2 - -
Total 29
w.e.f. 2010-2011 academic year

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY: KAKINADA

KAKINADA-533003, Andhra Pradesh (India)
MINING ENGINEERING

COURSE STRUCTURE

III YEAR I SEMISTER

S. No. Subject T P Credits
1 Under Ground Coal Mining Technology 4 - 4
2 Mine Environment Engineering – I 4 - 4
3 Electrical equipment in Mines 4 - 4
4 Mine Surveying 4 - 4
5 Mine Development 4 - 4
6 Mine Mechanization 4 - 4
7 Advanced English Communication Skills Lab - 3 2
8 Mine Surveying Lab - 3 2
9 IPR & Patent – I 2 - -
Total 28

III YEAR II SEMISTER

S. No. Subject T P Credits
1 Industrial Management 4 - 4
2 Mineral Engineering and fuel Technology 4 - 4
3 Mine Environment Engineering - II 4 - 4
4 Mining Machinery 4 - 4
5 Under Ground Metal Mining Technology. 4 - 4
6 Mine Systems Engineering 4 - 4
7 Mineral Engineering Lab. - 3 2
8 Environmental Engg. Lab. - 3 2
9 IPR & Patent – II 2 - -
10 * Short industrial experience ( 15 days ) (M)
Total 28
w.e.f. 2010-2011 academic year

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY: KAKINADA

KAKINADA-533003, Andhra Pradesh (India)
MINING ENGINEERING

COURSE STRUCTURE

IV YEAR I SEMISTER
S. No. Subject T P Credits
1 Mine Economics 4 - 4
2 Computer Applications in Mining 4 - 4
3 Rock Mechanics & Ground Control 4 - 4
4 Mine Legislation & General Safety 4 - 4
5 Open Elective 4 - 4
6 Departmental Elective - I 4 - 4
7 Computer Applications in Mining lab - 3 2
8 Rock Mechanics Lab - 3 2
9 *Short survey camp ( 5 to 7 days) (M)
Total 28

IV YEAR II SEMISTER
S. No. Subject T P Credits
1 Production Planning and Control 4 - 4
2 Departmental Elective - II 4 - 4
3 Departmental Elective - III 4 - 4
4 Departmental Elective - IV 4 - 4
5 Project Work 12
Total 28
Total credits obtained: 38+58+56+56= 208 Credits
Out of 208 Credits a student who obtains a Minimum of 200 Credits (With the credits of all
Laboratories and Project) is Eligible to get Degree

DEPARTMENTAL ELECTIVE – I DEPARTMENTAL ELECTIVE - II

1. Rock Slope Engineering 1. Deep Sea mining
2. Mine Subsidence Engineering 2. Mine Construction
3. Rock Fragmentation Engineering 3. Tunneling Engineering
DEPARTMENTAL ELECTIVE – III DEPARTMENTAL ELECTIVE –IV
1. Planning of Under Ground Metal Mining Project 1. Maintenance & Reliability Engineering
2. Planning of Under Ground Coal Mining Project 2. Rock Excavation Engineering
3. Planning of Surface Mining Project 3. Mine Health & Safety Engineering
OPEN ELECTIVE
1. Industrial Robotics
2. Environmental Impact Assessment.
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY KAKINADA

III Year B. Tech. Mining Engineering – I Sem.

UNDERGROUND COAL MINING TECHNOLOGY

UNIT - I
Introduction: Coal mining in major coal producing countries, Growth of coal mining industry in
India, Grading and analysis of coal, Opening of Coal Seams: Access by audits, Opening up of
coal seams by surface drifts on incline, vertical shafts, Division of mine into blocks.

UNIT - II
Choice Of Coal Mining Methods: Basic Mining Methods, Board and Pillar, Longwall and
Shortwall, Factors influencing choice of mining methods.

UNIT - III
Board And Pillar Mining: Board and Pillar Mining System. Design of Board and Pillar
workings, Mining Processes, Development of Panels, Extraction of Pillars and Examples of
Pillar extraction techniques.

UNIT - IV
Room And Pillar Mining: Applicability, Merits and Demerits. Variants of Room and Pillar
Mining Method. Simple Problems.

UNIT - V
Longwall Mining: Elements of a Longwall face, Classification of Modern Longwall faces,
Planning of Longwall Mining System, Development of Panel and faces, face support system,
Power supply, material supply and face organization. Strata mechanics around Longwall
panel.

UNIT - VI
Thin Seam Mining By Longwall Method: Method of working thin, medium thick and thick
seams by Longwall Mining with case studies of Indian and foreign Mines. Simple Problems.

UNIT - VII
Thick Seam Mining: Problems of Mining Thick Coal Seams, Choice of Method of Mining
Thick Coal Seams, Inclined Slicing, Horizontal Slicing, Diagonal Slicing, Transversely Inclined
Slicing, Sublevel Caving, Working Steep and Moderately Thick Seams, The Velenjee Method,
Descending Shield Method of Mining.

UNIT - VIII
Special Methods Of Mining: Inseam Mining and Horizon Mining, Hydraulic Mining, Blasting
Gallery Method, Coal Bed Methane. Goaf Control: Caving, strip packing or solid stowing,
Hydraulic Stowing etc. Procurement of stowing materials and its transportation, theoretical
aspects and case studies.
Text Books:
1. Principles and Practices of Modern Coal Mining – R. D. Singh, New Age
International, 1997.
2. Modern Coal Mining Technology – S. K. Das, 2nd edition, Lovely Prakashan
Publishers, 1994.

Reference Books:
1. Underground Coal Mining Methods – J. G. Singh, Braj Kalpa Publishers, Varnasi,
2000.
2. Coal Mining – I.C.F. Statham, Vol. I, II, III and Vol. III. The Caxton Publishing
Company Ltd. Inc. 1958.
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY KAKINADA

III Year B. Tech. Mining Engineering – I Sem.

MINE ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING - I

UNIT - I
MINE AIR: Atmospheric air – its composition, mine air – its composition and variation, origin,
occurrence, physical, chemical and physiological properties and monitoring of mine gases.

UNIT - II
STUDY ON DAMPS: various types of damps. Sampling and analysis of mine air. Methane
degree and layering of gases.

UNIT - III
MINE CLIMATE: Heat and Humidity. Sources of heat in mines, effects of heat and humidity,
psychometry, kata thermometer, methods of improving of cooling power of mine air. Air
conditioning basic vapour cycle, representative layout.

UNIT - IV
AIR FLOW THROUGH MINE OPENINGS: Laws of air flow, resistance of airways, equivalent
orifice, Distribution of air and flow control devices.
NATURAL VENTILATION: Calculation of NVP from air density, artificial aids to natural
ventilation.

UNIT - V
MECHANICAL VENTILATION: Principal types of mine fans and their suitability, efficiencies
and characteristic, selection of mine fan, fan testing and output control of a mine fan. Series
and parallel operation of mine fans, Ventilation of advancing haedingauxiliary.

UNIT - VI
Fan, duct matching of fan to the duct system. Reversal of air current. Fan drift, evasee,
diffuser, booster fans.

UNIT – VII
VENTILATION PLANNING: Standard of ventilation including permissible air velocities.
Ascensional, descensional, homotropal, anti – tropal ventilation. Central and boundary
ventilation – layouts and comparisons. Quantity and pressure requirement.

UNIT – VIII
Ventilation layout for coal mining and metal mining. Calculation of air quantity and total mine
head required fir ventilating a mine. Introduction to Network analysis, Hardy – Cross method,
Ventilation survey.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Elements of Mining Technology - Vol II- D. J. Deshmukh, 9th Edition, Central
Techno Publication
2. Mine Environment and Ventilation – G. B. Mishra, Oxford University Press, 1994.

REFERENCES:
1. Mine ventilation and air conditioning – Howard L. Hartman. Wiley International,
1976.
2. Environmental Engineering in Mines – Vutukuri & Lama, Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge,
3. Legislation in Indian mines a critical appraisal Vol. I and Vol. II – Prasad and
Rakesh. Vivek Publications, Varanasi 1999.
4. Mine Ventilation Vol. – II, S. Ghatak, Coalfield Publishers, 1993.
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY KAKINADA

III Year B. Tech. Mining Engineering – I Sem.

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT IN MINES

UNIT - I
Mine power supply: Choice of voltage, surface and underground supply : Tariff
Computation : Mine Cables- Construction, installation, fault location, Gate-end boxes and
switch gears.

UNIT - II
Earthing Methods, protective devices, overload, under-voltage earth leakage, D.C. Supply-
rectifiers, storage batteries .

UNIT - III
Mining cables – types, constructional details; layout of cables through shaft and other
locations. Principles of flame-proof enclosures.

UNIT - IV
Electrical Equipment: Mining transformer, lighting transformer, A.C. and D.C.Motors speed-
torque characteristics, starting, braking, speed control, drives for haulage.

UNIT - V
ventilation fans, pumps, compressors, electrical locomotives, winders, Introduction to thyristor
device, flame proof and intrinsic safety .

UNIT - VI
Control and instrumentation: Open and closed loop system, remote control, sequence control,
winder control of open cast mine equipment, sensor for measurement of various operational,
environmental and safety parameters in underground and open cast mines.

UNIT - VII
Communication and data transmission : Mine telephone system, signaling system, LAN.

UNIT - VIII
Intrinsically – safe circuit – methods of attaining intrinsic safety, zeener safety barriers and their
application. Indian electricity rules as applied to mines.

TEXT BOOK:
1. Electrical equipment in Mines by H.Cotton
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY KAKINADA

III Year B. Tech. Mining Engineering – I Sem.

MINE SURVEYING
UNIT I:
Correlation: Correlation by different methods; measurement of depth of shaft. Correlation of
mine survey to the national grid. Gyrotheodolite survey.

UNIT II:
Triangulation correlation of surface & U/G Surveys, verticality of shafts. Measurement of Depth
of Shaft. Setting out of curves for surface & U/G, Stope surveying, Open-PIT surveying, mine
plans, sections, projections & their statutory requirements, Mine Models.

UNIT III:
Curve ranging: Types of curves, simple and compound curves ranging curves bylinear and
angular methods on surface and in the underground.

UNIT IV:
Special Mine surveys-survey of installations of Mine, EDM & ITS Application, Gps or total
station, surveys for connecting National Grid.

UNIT V:
Photographic Surveying: General principles, Elements of photogrametry; orientation of
photographs, finding heights and distances of ground points from photographs.

UNIT VI:
Field Astronomy: Astronomical terms and definitions. Determination of the meridian
Longitude and latitude of a place.

UNITVII:
Elements of Photogrammetry, field astonomy : Principles & Definitions, Determination of true
Meridian, Latitude & Longitude & Time.

UNITVIII:
Problems in mine surveying. Dip & fault problems. Mine plans & sections, Types of plans,
preparation and preservation of plans and sections. Regulations pertaining to mine plans and
sections and mine surveying.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Dr.L.O.Punimia ―Surveying‖ Vol II & III
2. Kanetakar & Kulkarni ―Surveying and leveling‖ Vol – II
REFERENCES:
1 JJ.Holland K.wardell ―Coal mines series editor E.Mason‖. Vol – II
2 Statham ―Coal Mining Practice‖ Vol- IV
3 Basak ―Surveying & Levelling‖
4 Ghatak ―Mine Surveying and Levelling‖
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY KAKINADA

III Year B. Tech. Mining Engineering – I Sem.

MINE DEVELOPMENT
UNIT - I
Various types of development openings shape and size, Selection of suitable type for actual
situations.

UNIT - II
Raises, winzes or passes, ore chutes. single or multiple level winding, Shaft stations pit top
and pit bottom layouts.

UNIT - III
Location of shaft shape and size, incline and vertical shafts. Surface arrangements for sinking
shafts , tools and equipments ordinary methods of sinking drilling , blasting removal of baris
and water.

UNIT - IV
Ventilation and lighting, temporary and permanent lining widening and deepening of shafts.
Special methods of shaft sinking pilling, caisson, freezing and cementation method of shafty
sinking

UNIT - V
Modern techniques of shaft sinking. Design of shafts inserts and pit bottoms.

UNIT -VI
Classification and properties of explosive, detonators. Detonating cords, and detonating fuse
and nonel detonator.

UNIT -VII
Drivage of drifts,organization and cycle of operations, drilling blasting load transport , support
, drainage, ventilation and lighting. Mechanized drifting, road heading and tunnel boring.

UNIT -VIII
Blasting systems , electrical and non electrical methods , delay blasting techniques . Blasting
in open pit mines blasting underground coal and metal mines . Mechanics of blasting.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Surface Mining by Dr. G.B.Mishra
 2. 2. EMT Volume-I
REFERENCES
1. SME Hand Book
2. Blasting Manual- Sandhu & Pradhan .
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY KAKINADA

III Year B. Tech. Mining Engineering – I Sem.

MINE MECHANIZATION
UNIT - I
Rope haulage: Construction of the wire ropes, rope haulages - gravity, direct, balanced direct,
main & tail, endless, reversible endless, suitability of these haulages and their limitations,
safety appliances in haulage road signaling, statutory requirements of haulages.

UNIT - II
Track laying: Rails, joints, crossings, plates, turn tables, and curves, track extension. Aerial
Ropeways: Types, construction, application and operation.

UNIT - III
Mine Locomotives: types, constructional features of compressed air, diesel, battery and
electrical trolley-wire locomotives, comparison of various locomotive haulages, comparison of
rope and locomotive haulages.

UNIT - IV
Conveyors: Principle types and their operations, installations, shifting, maintenance and
applicability, shuttle cars, stage loaders, bridge conveyors, capacity.

UNIT - V
Drills for Coal and stone: Various types, their construction and maintenance, Jumbo drills.

UNIT - VI
Mine winders: koepe and drum winders and their applications, head gear, head gear pulley,
shaft fitting- keps, rope guides, shaft sinking and bells, capping and recapping, cage and
suspension gear .winding drums and construction, safety devices in winders over speed and
over wind preventers, slow breaking, depth indicator, methods of counter balancing ropes.

UNIT - VII
Face Machinery: SDL & LHD - Their applications, capacity, operation, fitting control and
maintenance. Cutter loaders - Shearers, Coal plough and Continuous miners-their
constructional features, applications capacity and maintenance. Layout of faces with Power
loader working under varied conditions. Shuttle cars.

UNIT - VIII
Pumps: Types, construction, operation, characteristics and application. Calculation of size,
efficiencies and capacities. Layout of drainage systems. Opencast Machinery: Blast Hole Drill,
Ripper, Shovel, Drag line, Dumper, Bucket wheel Excavator, Continuous Miners—their basic
construction, Applications and operation.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Das S.K. Modern coal mining Technology, Lovely Prakashan, Dhanbad 1994
2. Singh, T.N & Dhar B.B Thick Seam mining Problems & Issues , Oxford & IBH
Publishers 1992
3. Mathur, S.P mining Planning for Coal ,M.G consultants Bilaspur 1993
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY KAKINADA

III Year B. Tech. Mining Engineering – I Sem.

ADVANCED ENGLISH COMMUNICATION SKILLS LAB

1. Introduction
The introduction of the English Language Lab is considered essential at 3rd year level. At this
stage the students need to prepare themselves for their careers which may require them to
listen to, read, speak and write in English both for their professional and interpersonal
communication in the globalised context. The proposed course should be an integrated theory
and lab course to enable students to use ‗good‘ English and perform the following:
*Gather ideas and information, to organise ideas relevantly and coherently.
*Engage in debates.
*Participate in group discussions.
*Face interviews.
*Write project/research reports/technical reports.
*Make oral presentations.
*Write formal letters.
*Transfer information from non-verbal to verbal texts and vice versa.
*To take part in social and professional communication.

2. Objectives:
This Lab focuses on using computer-aided multimedia instruction for language development to
meet the following targets:
*To improve the students‘ fluency in English, through a well-developed vocabulary and enable
them to listen to English spoken at normal conversational speed by educated English speakers
and respond appropriately in different socio-cultural and professional contexts.
*Further, they would be required to communicate their ideas relevantly and coherently in
writing.

3. Syllabus:
The following course content is prescribed for the Advanced Communication Skills Lab:
* Functional English - starting a conversation – responding appropriately and relevantly – using
the right body language – role play in different situations.
* Vocabulary building – synonyms and antonyms, word roots, one-word substitutes, prefixes
and suffixes, study of word origin, analogy, idioms and phrases.
* Group Discussion – dynamics of group discussion , intervention, summarizing, modulation of
voice, body language, relevance, fluency and coherence. * Interview Skills – concept and
process, pre-interview planning, opening strategies, answering strategies, interview through
tele and video-conferencing.
* Resume‘ writing – structure and presentation, planning, defining the career objective,
projecting ones strengths and skill-sets, summary, formats and styles, letter-writing.
* Reading comprehension – reading for facts, guessing meanings from context, scanning,
skimming, inferring meaning, critical reading.
* Technical Report writing – Types of formats and styles, subject matter – organization, clarity,
coherence and style, planning, data-collection, tools, analysis.

4. Minimum Requirement:
The English Language Lab shall have two parts:
i) The Computer aided Language Lab for 60 students with 60 systems, one master console,
LAN facility and English language software for self- study by learners.
ii) The Communication Skills Lab with movable chairs and audio-visual aids with a P.A
System, a T. V., a digital stereo –audio & video system and camcorder etc.
System Requirement ( Hardware component):
Computer network with Lan with minimum 60 multimedia systems with the following
specifications:
iv) P – IV Processor
a) Speed – 2.8 GHZ
b) RAM – 512 MB Minimum
c) Hard Disk – 80 GB
v) Headphones of High quality

5. Suggested Software:
The software consisting of the prescribed topics elaborated above should be procured and
used.
Suggested Software:
*Clarity Pronunciation Power – part II
*Oxford Advanced Learner’s Compass, 7th Edition
*DELTA’s key to the Next Generation TOEFL Test: Advanced Skill Practice.
*Lingua TOEFL CBT Insider, by Dreamtech
*TOEFL & GRE( KAPLAN, AARCO & BARRONS, USA, Cracking GRE by CLIFFS)
*The following software from ‘train2success.com’
* Preparing for being Interviewed,
* Positive Thinking,
* Interviewing Skills,
* Telephone Skills,
* Time Management
* Team Building,
* Decision making
*English in Mind, Herbert Puchta and Jeff Stranks with Meredith Levy, Cambridge

Books Recommended:
1. Effective Technical Communication, M. Ashraf Rizvi, Tata Mc. Graw-Hill Publishing
Company Ltd.
2. A Course in English communication by Madhavi Apte, Prentice-Hall of India, 2007.
3. Communication Skills by Leena Sen, Prentice-Hall of India, 2005.
4. Academic Writing- A Practical guide for students by Stephen Bailey, Rontledge Falmer,
London & New York, 2004.
5. English Language Communication : A Reader cum Lab Manual Dr A Ramakrishna Rao,
Dr G
Natanam & Prof SA Sankaranarayanan, Anuradha Publications, Chennai
6. Body Language- Your Success Mantra by Dr. Shalini Verma, S. Chand, 2006.
7. DELTA’s key to the Next Generation TOEFL Test: Advanced Skill Practice, New Age
International (P) Ltd., Publishers, New Delhi.
8. Books on TOEFL/GRE/GMAT/CAT by Barron‘s/cup
9. IELTS series with CDs by Cambridge University Press.
10. Technical Report Writing Today by Daniel G. Riordan & Steven E. Pauley, Biztantra
Publishers, 2005.
11. Basic Communication Skills for Technology by Andra J. Rutherford, 2nd Edition,
Pearson Education, 2007.
12. Communication Skills for Engineers by Sunita Mishra & C. Muralikrishna, Pearson
Education, 2007.
13. Objective English by Edgar Thorpe & Showick Thorpe, 2nd edition, Pearson Education,
2007.
14. Cambridge Preparation for the TOEFL Test by Jolene Gear & Robert Gear, 4th Edition.
15. Technical Communication by Meenakshi Raman & Sangeeta Sharma, Oxford University
Press.

DISTRIBUTION AND WEIGHTAGE OF MARKS:

Advanced Communication Skills Lab Practicals:

1. The practical examinations for the English Language Laboratory practice shall be conducted
as per the
University norms prescribed for the core engineering practical sessions.
2. For the English Language lab sessions, there shall be a continuous evaluation during the
year for 25 sessional marks and 50 End Examination marks. Of the 25 marks, 15 marks shall
be awarded for day - to
day work and 10 marks to be awarded by conducting Internal Lab Test(s). The End
Examination shall be
conducted by the teacher concerned with the help of another member of the staff of the same
department of the same institution.
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY KAKINADA

III Year B. Tech. Mining Engineering – I Sem.

MINE SURVEYING LAB
1. Triangulation survey.
2. Study of theodolite in detail - practice for measurement of horizontal and vertical
angles.
3. Measurement of horizontal angles by method of repetition and reiteration.
4. Trigonometric Leveling - Heights and distance problem
5. Heights and distance using Principles of tacheometric surveying
6. Curve setting – different methods.
7. Setting out works for buildings & pipe lines.
8. Determine of area using total station
9. Traversing using total station
10. contouring using total station
11. Det of remote height using total station
12. State-out using total station
13. Distance, gradient, Diff, height between tow inaccessible points using total stations

EQUIPMENT TO BE USED:
1. Theodolites, and leveling staffs.
2. Tachometers.
3. Total Station.
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY KAKINADA

III Year B. Tech. Mining Engineering – I Sem.

IPR & PATENT-I