4 GRAMMAR EXTRA

ADVANCED UNIT 4 4.2 the perfect aspect

4.1 introductory it
1 Choose the correct answer, a), b) or c).
1 The organisation over 400 families in the
1 Add it/it’s in the correct place(s) in the sentences. last year.
a) has helped
1 Do you find easy to get up early?
b) will have helped
2 He always leaves to me to book our holidays. c) had been helping
3 I hate the winter when cold and dark all the time. 2 They from home for several years before
4 A good place for a walk. the charity got a proper office.
5 You can walk to the city centre – only a) have been working
two kilometres. b) had been working
c) will have been working
6 Midnight so please turn the music off.
3 If you’re looking for the keys, he them in
7 No use getting annoyed about unimportant the top drawer.
things. a) had put
8 I’m not really ill. Just that I’ve got a slight cold. b) ’ll have put
9 Hello. Jack here. Could I speak to Owen, please? c) ’ll have been putting
10 18th January and seven o’clock. Here is the news. 4 When they opened the post, they found someone
a generous donation.
2 Rewrite the sentences using it/it’s and the words in a) had been sending
brackets. b) had sent
1 Amazingly, she passed her exams. (wonder) c) has sent
                                                                                           5 He appears a flat to share.
2 In some cultures, discussing money is rude. a) have found
(considered) b) to have find
                                                                                           c) to have found
3 They think that the fire started in the basement. 6 By the end of the year, they hope they
(appear) enough money for a new computer.
                                                                                           a) will be raising
4 I don’t know what to do in such a terrible situation. b) will have raised
(hard) c) had been raising
                                                                                          
5 Don’t waste your time worrying about things you 2 Complete the sentences with the correct perfect
can’t change. (pointless) form of the verbs in brackets.
                                                                                           1 By 2025, he (spend) twenty years
6 I am amazed that he got promoted. (amazed) in prison.
                                                                                           2 By the time she retires next year, she
7 Learning a foreign language isn’t easy. (not easy) (work) as a police officer for
                                                                                           thirty years.
8 I’d be grateful if you could you lend me some 3 She (wait) for her appeal to go to
money. (appreciate) court for over a year.
                                                                                           4 He (be) in prison for six years
before evidence was found that proved his
innocence.
5 The press photographers (stand)
outside the court since the trial started.
6 When the witness (finish) giving
her evidence, she can leave the witness box.
7 Looking at the crowds in the public galley, the case
would seem (interest) the public.
8 By 2020, I (visit) my sister in prison
for ten years.

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4 GRAMMAR EXTRA

4.3 expressing hypothetical preferences Consolidation

and adding emphasis
1 Choose the correct answer, a), b) or c).
1 Find and correct the mistakes in six of the
When it was built in the 1970s, Hurst House provided
sentences.
modern, affordable flats for families who 1 by
1 Given a choice, I’d soon be on a jury than have to the housing authority from nineteenth-century slums.
give evidence. It was a pleasant environment with modern amenities.
2 No way would I be a have-a-go hero. However, the planners 2 about how the
3 Without shadow of a doubt, I’d report a drug community would adapt to living in high-rise flats.
As soon as they could, families le the flats and
dealer.
many of them were rented to problem families. In a
4 My preference will be to send non-violent few years, the flats 3 a no-go area and many
criminals to open prisons. older people were afraid to leave their homes.
5 Far better confess and face the consequences One eighty-year-old resident told me, ‘I 4 here
than to live with a guilty conscience. since the flats were built. It was lovely then but all
6 I’d just as soon to challenge a burglar as jump off sorts of people 5 recently and the area has
gone down. The li 6 for three weeks so
a cliff.
I haven’t been able to go out shopping. I’ve been
7 If it was to me, I’d sentence delinquents to waiting to be rehoused for three years and 7
community service. it’ll be another three before anything happens.’
8 If I ever found myself in that situation, I’d Another resident told me, ‘Next year, I’ll have been
probably panic. living here for nearly thirty years. 8 , I’d go back
to a terraced house. I’d sooner live in a house with no
2 Complete the conversations with the phrases in hot water than stay on the tenth floor.’ 9 if she
the box. There are two extra phrases. was serious but clearly, something is wrong.
10
that with rising crime, poor maintenance
absolutely right completely agree I’d do my bit
and little community spirit, so many people are keen
no chance the thing is totally wrong
to leave the flats.
what you have to remember
1 A: If it was up to me, I’d ban smoking in cars. 1 a) have been b) had been c) had been
moved moving moved
B: , I think it would be too difficult
to enforce. 2 a) had been b) haven’t c) hadn’t
thinking thought thought
2 A: Without a shadow of a doubt, people who
mistreat their children should go to prison. 3 a) had become b) will have c) has become
become
B: is that it’s a generational
problem. The parents were probably mistreated 4 a) will have lived
when they were children. b) had lived
c) have lived
3 A: If you ever found yourself witnessing a
mugging, would you intervene? 5 a) have been moving in
b) had been moving in
B: . I’m too much of a coward.
c) had moved in
4 A: My preference would be to be tried by a jury,
6 a) hadn’t been working
not just a judge.
b) haven’t been working
B: I . Most judges don’t understand c) won’t have been working
normal people’s lives.
7 a) I find it easy
5 A: Far better to be a live coward than a dead hero. b) it looks as though
B: You’re but sometimes you have c) it doesn’t appear
to take action. 8 a) If I ever found myself in that situation
b) No way would I
c) Given the choice
9 a) It easy to know
b) I find it impossible
c) It’s hard to know
10 a) It’s no wonder
b) It’s considered
c) It would appear

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