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    Weber Number: Mathematical Expression Applications References Further Reading

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    Weber Number: Mathematical Expression Applications References Further Reading

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    Weber Number: Mathematical Expression Applications References Further Reading

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    Weber number

    The Weber number (We) is a dimensionless number in fluid


    mechanics that is often useful in analysing fluid flows where
    there is an interface between two different fluids, especially for
    multiphase flows with strongly curved surfaces.[1] It is named
    after Moritz Weber (1871–1951).[2] It can be thought of as a
    measure of the relative importance of the fluid's inertia compared
    to its surface tension. The quantity is useful in analyzing thin film
    flows and the formation of droplets and bubbles.

    A splash after half a brick hits the water;


    Contents the image is about half a meter across.
    Note the freely moving airborne water
    Mathematical expression droplets, a phenomenon typical of high
    Reynolds number flows; the intricate non-
    Applications
    spherical shapes of the droplets show that
    References the Weber number is high. Also note the
    Further reading entrained bubbles in the body of the water,
    and an expanding ring of disturbance
    propagating away from the impact site.

    Mathematical expression
    The Weber number may be written as:

    where

    is the drag coefficient of the body cross-section.


    is the density of the fluid (kg/m3).
    is its velocity (m/s).
    is its characteristic length, typically the droplet diameter (m).
    is the surface tension (N/m).

    The modified Weber number,

    equals the ratio of the kinetic energy on impact to the surface energy,

    where
    and

    Applications
    One application of the Weber number is the study of heat pipes. When the momentum flux in the vapor core of
    the heat pipe is high, there is a possibility that the shear stress exerted on the liquid in the wick can be large
    enough to entrain droplets into the vapor flow. The Weber number is the dimensionless parameter that
    determines the onset of this phenomenon called the entrainment limit (Weber number greater than or equal to
    1). In this case the Weber number is defined as the ratio of the momentum in the vapor layer divided by the
    surface tension force restraining the liquid, where the characteristic length is the surface pore size.

    References
    1. Arnold Frohn; Norbert Roth (27 March 2000). Dynamics of Droplets (https://books.google.com/b
    ooks?id=_Fd99DtJ0kEC&pg=PA186). Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 15–.
    ISBN 978-3-540-65887-0.
    2. Philip Day; Andreas Manz; Yonghao Zhang (28 July 2012). Microdroplet Technology:
    Principles and Emerging Applications in Biology and Chemistry (https://books.google.com/boo
    ks?id=7xe68Vz4Rd8C&pg=PA9). Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 9–. ISBN 978-1-
    4614-3265-4.

    Further reading
    Weast, R. Lide, D. Astle, M. Beyer, W. (1989-1990). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics.
    70th ed. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, Inc.. F-373,376.

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