TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

(CIVIL, STRUCTURAL WORKS)

(CIVIL/STRUCTURAL WORKS)

A. EARTHWORKS

A-01 General

a. The work consists of furnishing all labor and supervision, equipment and tools
and performing all operations In connection with the demolition, excavation and
the removal from site of all surplus excavated dismantled materials and debris, in
accordance with the requirements of the drawings and subject to the terms and
conditions of the Contract.

b. Specifically and without prejudice to the tenor or generality of the foregoing, the
work consists of the following:

1. Excavations shall be done to the depths indicated in the plans referred to the
existing ground line. Depths indicated are the minimum requirement and
additional depth of excavation shall not be done without the approval of the
Soils Engineer. Structural excavations shall be such as to allow for the proper
erection and dismantling of forms and for access to inspection. The
Contractor shall control the grading such that surface water does not run into
the excavations. Water that accumulates inside excavations shall be removed
by pumping or other efficient methods. Adequate protection for adjacent
pavements, structure and utilities shall be provided by the Contractor.
2. Excess materials including existing concrete foundations shall be removed
and disposed of by the Contractor to a site at the discretion or as designated
by the Implementing Agency/Owner.
3. The Contractor shall take all precautionary measures to protect third parties
and shall provide the necessary temporary wall or enclosures to seal off the
affected areas as demolition progresses.

A-02 Pumping

a. Ample provisions shall be undertaken for the immediate removal of water

accumulating from any source in excavations by installing adequate pumping
facilities.

b. The pumps shall have the sufficient capacities to dispose of the water in order to
avoid delays in construction operations. Adequate catch basins shall be
maintained to prevent the sand from mixing with the water being discharged into
sewer lines.

c. Adequate sumps shall be provided to keep the bottom of the excavation free from
water during pouring operations.

A-03 General Excavation

a. Excavated materials shall include clay, silt, sand, gravel, hardpan, sandstone,
siltstone, rock, adobe, loose shale, loose stone in masses and any other soil
materials of any class found within the excavations.

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 b. Excavation operations shall be done in the dry, carried out by any appropriate
method and by any excavating equipment suitable for the job.

A-04 Special works

a. Existing drainage systems, water and sewer lines and other existing utilities shall
be adequately protected by the Contractor. In case of damage to same, repair
shall be done by the Contractor without cost to the Implementing Agency/Owner.

b. Adequate warning signs, lights, barricades and other measures shall be put up by
the Contractor for the safety of pedestrians and motorists.

c. Relocation of existing drainage pipes shall be done by the Contractor, the cost of
which shall be negotiated with the Implementing Agency/Owner.

d. Soil Poisoning/ Treatment

Pesticides shall be registered with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), or be

registered with EPA approval for use as specified herein. The pesticides shall be
water-based emulsions, containing by weight, one of the following concentrations.
1. Chlordane, 1.0 percent; or
2. Chlordane, 2.0 percent only where Coptotermes spp. is prevalent; or
3. Aldrin, 0.5 percent; or
4. Chlordane-Heptachlor, 0.75 percent; or
5. Chlorpyrifus (Dursban), 2.0 percent
6. Lentrek TC , 1.0 percent

Diluent shall not include any other pesticide residues or rinsates.

A-05 Stakeout and Grading

a. Contractor shall stake out the building accurately and shall establish lines and
grades. The Implementing Agency/Owner shall approve the layout before any
excavation work is started.

b. Permanent basic reference marks for batter boards shall be erected at such
places as to make them visible and accessible and undisturbed during the
duration of the construction.

c. Construction operations shall be conducted as to preserve all basic reference

marks. Re-establishment of lines and grades shall be undertaken in the event that
original reference marks are disturbed or removed.

d. A minimum of two (2) permanent bench marks of previously known elevations

near or within the construction compound but least affected by construction
operations shall be established in order to determine any settlement that may
occur to existing structures or to the proposed structure, during the progress of
the construction.

A-06 Excavation

a. Contractor shall make all necessary excavations for foundation to elevations

indicated in the drawings. Bottom of trenches shall be level and neatly prepared
ready to receive the foundations. In case of over-excavation, the Contractor shall
bear the cost of extra concrete thereby made necessary. Footings that are
excavated to a greater extent than what is indicated in the foundation plans shall
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 be filled up to the correct elevation with lean concrete sufficient to sustain the
allowable soil bearing pressure.

b. Where, in the opinion of the Soil Engineer, the soil bearing pressure at the level
indicated in the plans, is not attained, the Contractor shall extend the excavation
until the soil bearing pressure is satisfied as per assessment of the Soils Engineer.
Such extra excavation and any additional materials, equipment and labor caused
by the over-excavation shall constitute additional work for the Contractor. Any
adjustment thereby shall be based on until prices for additive work as per
Contract Documents.

c. Under any circumstances, no footings shall rest on fill. Proper allowance shall be
made for the installation of damp proofing, waterproofing or pressure-relieving
devices or under drains as called out in the plumbing/drainage plans. Bottoms of
excavations shall be approximately level, clear of loose and deleterious materials.

d. Tree stumps, roots and weathered rock at the footing levels shall be removed and
the cavities cleaned and filled with lean concrete.

e. Where in the opinion of the Soil Engineer, the soil at the designated depth is not
capable of sustaining the maximum soil bearing pressure used in the design of
the foundations, the Structural Engineer shall be notified and he shall revise
foundation details as required. All extra work incurred by such changes shall be
for the account of the Implementing Agency/Owner on the basis of the unit
prices agreed upon.

f. Where walls or footings are to be poured without forms, trench sides shall be
vertical and true. Concrete hollow blocks may be used in lieu of forms with all
cells filled with concrete grout. Allowance shall be made for waterproofing or
core drains, if required.

g. All excavations shall be inspected and approved before pouring of concrete,

laying underground services or placing backfill materials. The Contractor shall
control the grading in the vicinity to prevent surface runoff going into the
excavations. Otherwise dewatering facilities shall be made available at all times.

h. Adequate shoring shall be undertaken to protect adjacent pavements, structures

and other existing facilities.

i. Unless otherwise shown on the plans, the bottom of all excavations shall be
poured with lean concrete with a minimum thickness of 100mm before the
installation of the reinforcing bars.

A-07 Backfilling and Grading

a. Materials
1. Material for fills, shall consist of acceptable material as hereinafter specifies,
obtained from the required excavation on site, or from borrow sources.
All material shall be reviewed by the Contractor's Testing Laboratory
and the Structural Engineer.
2. General fills shall be sand, gravel, friable earth, or clays of low plasticity,
subject to approval of the Architect/Engineer based on the reports of the
Testing laboratory. Fill and backfill material shall be free of organic
material, cinders, trash or rubble and stones having maximum dimension
greater than 150mm: The top 450mm of the subgrade fill under

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 landscaped areas shall be earth and shall contain no more the 10% of
stones.
3. Utilization of Excavated Materials: Use all suitable materials removed from
the excavations, including material from foundation excavations insofar
as practicable, in the formation of fills and for backfilling. Suitable
excavated material for fills shall be determined by the Contractor's
Testing Laboratory, subject to Structural Engineer's review. Unsuitable
material, as determined by the Testing Laboratory
4. Disposal of Excavated Materials: The following materials shall be disposed
off at the site by the Contractor at his own expense:
i. Material resulting from clearing operations and excavated material
which is unsuitable for fill.
ii. Excess excavated materials.
iii. Stripped top soil which is not being stockpiled for future work.
5. Borrow: If additional material is required for fill in excess of that obtained by
excavation at the site, obtain same from sources acceptable to the
Engineer. All arrangements for obtaining borrow from off site shall be
responsibility of the Contractor and all costs thereof shall be borne by the
Contractor. Acceptable borrow will consist of suitable material for fills
as herein before specified. Representative samples of each type of
borrow material considered suitable shall be delivered to the testing
Laboratory and tested prior to placement. Any borrow material not
meeting the standard herein specified or considered unsuitable by the
Structural Engineer will be rejected.

b. Placing Fill

1. Before placing any fill, the depositing surface shall be cleared of all bushes,
roots, vegetable matters and debris, scarified and thoroughly wetted to insure
good bond between the earth and the fill materials.
2. After removal of forms for footings, pedestals, foundation or basement walls,
etc. and when the concrete work is hard enough to sustain pressure resulting
from fill or at least 48 hours after the removal of forms, the materials from
excavation shall be used for backfilling around them.
3. Filling shall be placed in layers not exceeding 150 millimeters in thickness,
each layer to be thoroughly compacted and rammed by wetting, tamping or
rolling to 95% of normal density by Proctor Compaction until the correct
grade is attained. Voids caused by removal of sheeting, shoring and bracing
shall be filled with sound materials.
4. Compaction shall be verified by a reputable Geotechnical Laboratory.

c. Gravel Bedding

1. G-1 size gravel shall be used on site.

2. 75mm thick compacted gravel bedding shall be embedded in all areas in
contact with the structural members.

d. Garden Roof System

1. Garden Roof System with groundcovers/ shrubs on concrete deck shall have
lightweight plastic drainage sheet (garden roof material): For Garden Roof
above Stairs.
2. Refer to Section C: Moisture and Thermal Protection (Waterproofing and
Insulation, Item C-02: Material Requirements for Garden Roof‟s Geo-textile,
Drainage Core/ Panel System and waterproofing requirements.

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 A-08 Conflicts

a. Provisions in these Specifications which are in conflict with the Implementing

Agency‟s General Technical Specifications shall be brought to the attention of
the Implementing Agency and/or Structural Engineer for clarification.

B. CONCRETE AND MASONRY WORKS

B-01 Reinforced Concrete

a. SCOPE

1. The work to be done under these Specifications, whenever applicable, shall

include all labor and supervision, materials and supplies, equipment and tool,
plant and other facilities and the satisfactory performance of all work
necessary to complete all concrete works shown on the drawings and
specified herein.

2. The intent of these Specifications is to cover the complete concrete work

including work called for in these Specifications but not shown on the
drawings, or vice versa, shall be considered as if it were shown on the
drawings and Specifications. Any material which has been omitted from both
drawings and Specifications, but is evidently necessary for a complete
building, shall be furnished as if it were on the drawings and called for in
these Specifications.

3. Unless otherwise noted on drawings or specified herein, all concrete work

shall be done in accordance with the ACI Standard 301- 89
SPECIFICATIONS FOR STRUCTURAL CONCRETE BUILDINGS, so
long as they do not conflict or are not inconsistent with specific provisions
herein.

4. In corrosive environments or other severe exposure conditions, amount of

concrete cover shall be twice those for regular environments or exposures or
as directed by the Structural Engineer.

5. The following abbreviations are used throughout these Specifications:

NSCP National Structural Code of the Philippines
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
ACI American Concrete Institute
AWS American Welding Society

6. Applicable provisions of the above Standard Specification, latest edition,

shall be considered integral part of these Technical Specifications. Any
conflict between the referral specifications and these Specifications shall be
brought to the attention of the Structural Engineer for final adjudication.

7. “As-built” drawings shall be prepared by the Contractor and submitted to the

Implementing Agency/Owner prior to the acceptance of the structure. The
drawings shall be signed by the Structural Inspectors of the Implementing
Agency/Owner and the Contractor before final signing of the Structural
Engineer.

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 B-02 Materials

a. Cement
1. Portland Cement shall conform to ASTM C250 Latest Revision for Type 1
Portland “SPECIFICATIONS FOR PORTLAND CEMENT”.

b. Concrete Aggregates

1. Normal tests for concrete aggregates should include gradation, hardness,

specific gravity or density, absorption and colorimetric tests for organic
impurities. Tests shall be conducted preferably for initial deliveries from
each particular supplier or quarry. The Implementing Agency/Owner or
Structural Engineer may order retests anytime.

2. Coarse Aggregate: Coarse aggregates shall be well graded, clean, hard

particles of gravel or crushed rock conforming to ASTM C33 Latest
Revision “SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONCRETE AGGREGATES”.

3. The minimum size of gravel shall not be larger than one-fifth (1/5) of the
narrowest dimensions between forms and not larger than three-fourth (3/4) of
the minimum clear spacing between individual reinforcing bars or bundles of
bars, and in no case larger than 50mm in diameter except that larger diameter
may be allowed in massive concreting with written permission from the
Structural Engineer.

4. Fine Aggregate (Sand): Fine Aggregate shall be well graded sand free from
organic substances, hard particles conforming to ASTM C33 Latest Revision
“SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONCRETE AGGREGATES”.

c. Water:
1. Water used in mixing concrete shall be clean and free from injurious
amounts of oils, acids, alkali, organic materials or other substances that may
be deleterious to concrete or steel. Preferably, the water should be potable.

d. Reinforcing Steel
1. All reinforcing steel bars used shall be new and free from rust, oil, defect,
greases, kinks and other physical defects. They shall conform to the latest
revision of ASTM A615 “SPECIFICATIONS FOR DEFORMED AND
PLAIN BILLET-STEEL BARS FOR CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT”.
2. All rebars shall be deformed and deformations shall conform to ASTM
A305.
3. All rebars shall be of weldable quality with a tensile to yield ratio of not less
than 1.25.
4. Rebars that are intended to be welded shall be of such quality that no pre-
heating, interpass heating nor post-heating is required in the welding process.
Proof of weldability shall be obtained from chemical analysis and the
determination of the carbon equivalent.
5. Water-quenched, thermo-mechanically-treated, or “Tempcore” quality bars
should not be used unless explicity and formally approved by the Structural
Engineer.
6. Unless approved by the Structural Engineer, contact welding of stirrups, ties
or other bars is prohibited.

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 7. Unless called out in the structural drawings, the minimum yield strength of
the rebars shall be:
i. 414 Mpa (60,000 psi) for 16mm bars and larger
ii. 276 Mpa (40,000 psi) for 12mm bars and smaller

B-03 Storage of Materials

a. Cement and aggregates shall be stored in such a manner as to prevent

deterioration or intrusion by foreign matter. Any material which has deteriorated
or which has been damaged shall not be used for concrete. Rebars shall be stored
under cover or otherwise prevented from rusting.

b. Stockpiling of aggregates by “coning” shall be avoided to prevent segregation.

Preferably stockpiling should be in layers.

B-04 Testing of Materials

a. For each batch of delivery of reinforcing steel bars, three (3) samples for each
size of bar shall be taken by the Contractor and tested by a third party laboratory
acceptable to the Implementing Agency/Owner. Such tests shall be in accordance
with ASTM standards and other specific requirements of these Specifications.

b. At any time, the Implementing Agency/Owner or the Structural Engineer shall

have the right to order the test or retest of any material supplied by the Contractor
or Implementing Agency/Owner used for reinforced concrete whenever there is
reasonable doubt as to its suitability for the purpose.

c. Samples shall be provided by the Contractor without cost to the Implementing

Agency/Owner. Expenses for testing, transportation to and from the testing
laboratory shall be for the account of the Contractor.

d. Specimen taking and testing shall be witnessed formally by the respective

Structural Inspectors.

e. Copies of results of tests shall be furnished the Structural Engineer promptly.

B-05 Controlled Strengths of Concrete

a. Unless otherwise called out in the structural plans, the 28-days compressive
cylinder strength of structural concrete shall be ,

i. f'c = 21 MPa (3,000 psi) for the superstructure

ii. f'c = 21 Mpa (3,000 psi) for the substructure
iii. f'c = 17 Mpa (2,500 psi) for slab on fill

b. The 28-days compressive cylinder strength of lean concrete shall be,

i. f'c = 14 Mpa (2,000 psi)

c. Use non-load bearing masonry units. (f'c= 2.76 MPa or 400 psi).

B-06 Method of Determining Strength

a. Job Mixed Concrete

1. For job mixed concrete, the Contractor shall submit design mixes obtained
from samples made in accordance with “STANDARD METHOD OF
MAKING AND CURING CONCRETE COMPRESSION AND
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 FLEXURE TEST SPECIMENS IN THE LABORATORY” (ASTM
C192 Latest Revision) for each strength required stating the proposed
slump and the proportional weights of cement, saturated surface dry
aggregates and water.
2. These mixes shall be proved by preliminary tests thirty days before
concreting and shall show the ultimate strength required. No
substitutions shall be made in the materials or mix without additional
tests to show that the quality of concrete is satisfactory.
3. Two (2) sets of trial mixes shall be prepared for each particular specified
concrete strength, for concrete without and with additive. A product
brochure of the additive intended to be used shall be submitted to
Implementing Agency/Owner/Structural Engineer for approval.

b. Ready Mix Concrete

1. Ready mix concrete shall be supplied by a reputable ready mix Contractor or
firm with good track record on timely delivery, correct volume and
concrete quality.
2. A batching plant set up by the Contractor or a ready Mix Concrete Supplier
shall first be calibrated in the presence of the Implementing
Agency/Owner‟s representative and/or Structural Inspectors.
Recalibration may be required by the Implementing Agency/Owner or
inspectors at any time. The scales shall be sealed by the calibrating
agency or laboratory after each calibration.

B-07 Concrete Proportion and Consistency

a. The proportions of aggregate to cement for any concrete mix shall be such as to
produce a mixture which will work readily into the corners and angles of the
forms and around reinforcement with the method of placing employed on the
work, but without permitting the materials to segregate, or excess free water to
collect on the surface. The combined aggregates shall be such composition of
sizes that when separated on the No.4 standard sieve, the weight passing the
sieve (fine aggregate) shall not be less than thirty percent nor greater than fifty
percent of the total.

b. The method of measuring concrete materials shall be such that the proportions
can be accurately controlled and easily checked at anytime during work.
Measurement of materials for ready-mixed concrete shall conform to the
“STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR READY-MIXED CONCRETE”
(ASTM C94 Latest revision) where applicable.

c. Maximum slump of concrete shall be as follows:

1. Direct discharge to forms 100mm
2. Pumped concrete 150mm

Concrete with slump in excess of the above shall be rejected and discharged
elsewhere inside the plant as directed by the Structural Inspector.

B-08 Mixing Concrete

a. No hand mixing shall be allowed except in case of emergency such as mixer

breakdown during critical concreting operations and shall stop at the first allowed
construction joint. All concrete shall be machine mixed for at least 1-1/2 minutes
after all materials including water, are in the mixing drum.

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 b. The mixer shall be of any approved size and type which will insure a uniform
distribution of material throughout the mass. It shall be equipped with a device
for accurately measuring and controlling the amount of mixing water in each
batch

c. The first batch of concrete materials placed in the mixer shall contain a sufficient
excess of cement, sand and water to coat the inside of the drum without reducing
the cement content of the mix to be discharged.

d. Preferably concrete shall be ready-mixed from a reliable concrete supplier.

Retempered nor over mixed concrete shall not be permitted.

e. No addition of cement or water shall be allowed anywhere outside the batching

plant.

B-09 Depositing Concrete

a. Concrete shall be deposited in its final position without segregation, re-handling,

or flowing. Placing shall be done preferably with buggies, buckets, or
wheelbarrows. No chutes will be allowed except to transfer concrete from hopper
to buggies, wheelbarrows or buckets in which case they shall not exceed 6 meters
in aggregate length.

b. Placing of concrete with a free drop or fall of more than 1.5meters shall not be
allowed, except when approved sheet metal conduits, pipes, or “elephant trunks”
are employed. Where employed, these devices shall be kept full of concrete and
the ends kept buried in the newly placed concrete as pouring progresses.

c. No concreting will be allowed without vibrators. Segregation due to over-

vibration shall be avoided. The vibrator shall be used only to compact the
concrete in the forms. When possible concreting shall be continuous until section
is complete. Forms shall be clean before concreting is placed.

d. Prior to pouring of concrete the location and configuration of the construction

joint shall be submitted to the Structural Engineer for approval.

e. When stoppage of concreting operations occur for any reason, construction joints
shall be placed either horizontally or vertically as indicated by the Structural
Engineer and provided with shear keys and dowels to develop shear and bond.

f. Before concreting is resumed, the face of the existing concrete shall be cleaned of
all laitance and the aggregates exposed. Such surface shall further be thoroughly
wet and grouted before placing new concrete.

B-10 Forms

a. The Contractor shall provide forms that will produce correctly aligned concrete.
Plastering, in general, shall not be allowed so that extra care shall be exercised by
the Contractor in choice of fitting, and rigidly supporting the forms. Plywood,
metal or surfaced lumber form shall be used for all exposed concrete.

b. Column forms shall be checked for plumbness before concrete is deposited.

Hand holes shall be provided in the forms at the lowest point of pour lifts to
render this space accessible for cleaning.

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 c. All girders, beams and slabs centering shall be crowned at least 6mm in all
directions for every 4.5meter span. However, cambers for all cantilevers shall be
as indicated in the plans or obtained from the Structural Engineer.

d. Forms and shoring shall stay in place until the concrete is adequately set and
strong enough to withstand anticipated loadings, and in no case less than two (2)
days after pouring. Forms and shorings may be removed earlier than specified by
standard specifications provided that test samples of concrete are taken and are
shown to be adequately strong to carry safely dead and construction live loads.

B-11 Tolerance for Formed Surfaces

The following are the allowable deviations of formworks from theoretical

dimensions:

a. Out of Plumb
i. In the lines and surfaces of columns, piers, walls and arises:
6mm In 3.00 meters
25mm Max. for entire length
ii. For exposed corner columns and or piers, control joint grooves and other
conspicuous lines:
6mm In any 6.00m length
12mm Max. for entire length

b. Variation from the level or from the grades specified in the contract documents:
i. In slab soffits, ceilings, beam widths and in arises, measured before
removal of supporting shores:
6mm In any 3.00m length
12mm In any 6.00m length
20mm Max. for entire length

ii. In exposed lintels, sills, parapets, horizontal grooves and other

conspicuous lines:
6mm In any bay or 6.00m length
12mm Max. for entire length

c. Variation of linear building lines from established position iin plan and related
position of columns, walls and partitions:
12mm In any bay or 6.00m length
25mm Max. for entire length

d. Variation in the sizes and location of sleeves, floor and wall openings:
Plus or minus 6mm

e. Variation in cross-sectional dimensions of columns and piers, beams and in

thickness of walls and slabs:
6mm Minus
12mm Plus

f. Footings
i. Variation in dimensions in plans:
12mm Minus
50mm Plus

ii. Misplacement or eccentricity

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 2% of the footing width in direction of misplacement but not to
more than 50mm

iii. Thickness
Decrease in specified thickness 5%
Increase in specified thickness No limit
 Tolerances apply to concrete dimensions only, not to the
positioning of reinforcing bars, dowels or embedded items.

g. Variation in steps
i. In a flight of steps
6mm Rise
3mm Tread
ii. In Consecutive steps
1.5mm Rise
3mm Tread
Regardless of the tolerances listed in above, no portion of the
building shall extend beyond the legal boundary of the project.

B-12 Placing Reinforcement

a. All rebars shall be placed in accordance with the structural plans. In case of any
doubt or ambiguity in the placing of steel, the Contractor shall consult with the
Structural Engineer whose decision shall be final in such cases.

b. All loose rust or scale, all adhering materials, and all oil or other materials which
tend to destroy bond between the concrete and the rebar shall be removed before
placing the steel and before concreting begins.

c. Rebars shall be accurately placed and adequately secured by concrete or metal

chair spacers. The minimum clear distance between parallel bars shall be one and
one-half (1-1/2) times the diameter for round bars, and twice the side dimensions
for square bars. In no case shall the clear distance between bars be less than
25mm nor less than one and one-third (1-1/3) times the maximum size of gravel.
Where bars are used in two or more layers, the bars in the upper layers shall be
placed directly above those in the lower layers at a clear distance of not less than
25mm.

d. Rebars at the time concrete is placed shall be free from rust scale or other
coatings that will destroy or reduce the bond. Bends for stirrups and ties shall be
made around a pin having a diameter not less than six (6) times the diameter of
the bar, except that for bars larger than 25mm, the pin shall not be less than eight
(8) times the diameter of the bar. All bars shall be bent cold.

e. All concrete spacers shall have a compressive strength equal to the specified
compressive strength of the concrete. Each spacer shall have a GI wire for fixing
to the reinforcing bar. Cylinder samples shall be taken for testing.

f. For pedestals or pilasters supporting steel columns, the vertical steel

reinforcement shall be located to avoid any conflict with the anchor bolts, nuts or
anchor plate washers. If necessary the location of the vertical steel reinforcement
shall be modified with the approval of the Structural Engineer.

g. For columns or walls supporting vertical anchor plates, the anchor dowels shall
be given the right-of-way. If necessary, the vertical reinforcement shall be

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 relocated. Likewise, all column ties or horizontal wall rebars shall be relocated to
give way to the anchor dowels.

B-13 Offsets and Splices in Reinforcement

a. In slabs, beams and girders, splices of reinforcement at points of maximum stress

shall be generally avoided and may be allowed only upon written approval of
splice details by the Structural Engineer. Splices shall provide sufficient lap to
transfer stress between bars by bonding shear or by butt welding to develop in
tension at least 125% of the specified yield strength of the reinforcing bar.
Splices in adjacent bars shall be generally staggered.

b. Welded splices for Grade 40 rebars shall be allowed only upon presentation of
evidence that the rebar is of weldable quality as determined in accordance with
these Specifications. Welding procedures shall be in accordance with the
provisions of AWS D1.4 latest edition.

c. Lap splices on columns shall be located within the middle third of the clear
height of the column. Adjacent bars shall not be spliced at the same elevation.
Not more than 50% of the bars shall be spliced at a particular elevation. Each
spliced bar shall be staggered a minimum distance of 600mm to the adjacent bar.

d. Splices on primary beams or girders framing into columns shall be located

beyond a distance equal to twice the depth of the beam or girder. Preferably the
splices shall be staggered 600mm.

e. Where changes in the cross-section of a column occur, the longitudinal bars shall
be offset in a region where lateral support is afforded. Where offset, the slope of
the inclined portion of the bar with the axis of the column shall not be more than
one in six and in the case of tied column, the ties shall be spaced not over 75mm
on center for a distance of 300mm below the actual point of offset, unless
otherwise specified in the plans.

f. Mechanical couplers or splicers may be used, provided the coupler is actually

tested without yielding until the rebar fails in tension. In addition, there shall be
no slippage on the grip of the coupler at 125% yield strength in the rebar. Testing
for slippage shall be conducted by MIRDC. Testing shall be witnessed by the
Concrete Structural Inspectors.

B-14 Curing of Concrete

a. After finishing surfaces, curing shall be done by keeping concrete continuously

moist for at least one week after placing. Floor and vertical surfaces may be
sprayed with an approved preparation to retard evaporation of water provided
such spraying is not objectionable because of subsequent finish. Curing shall
begin as soon as concrete has attained initial set.

b. If one (1) to one and one-half (1-1/2) percent by weight of calcium chloride is
used as additive, minimum continuous moist curing for forty-eight (48) hours
after placing concrete may be allowed without additional subsequent curing.

c. Concrete shall be cured using burlap and water. For vertical members such as
piers, columns, pedestals or walls, burlap shall be wrapped around the vertical
surface, tied with GI wire and covered by plastic material.

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 d. All concrete shall be moist-cured at least fourteen days, irrespective of whether
calcium chloride is added or not.

B-15 Repair of Concrete

a. Repair of concrete imperfections shall be completed within twenty-four (24)

hours after removal of forms. Pins shall be neatly removed from exposed
surfaces. Concrete that is damaged or honeycombed must be removed to reach
sound concrete and replaced with dry-pack, mortar, or concrete as hereinafter
specified. Where large bulges and abrupt irregularities protrude, the protrusions
shall be removed by bush-hammering and grinding.

b. Drypack filling of non-shrink or expansive grout shall be used for holes having at
least one surface dimension less than the depth of the hole; for holes left by
removal of fasteners from the ends of form tie rods: for grout and pipe recesses,
and for narrow slots cut for repair of cracks.

c. Drypack shall not be used for filling behind reinforcement, for filling holes that
extend completely through the concrete. Expansive mortar filling placed under
impact by the use of a mortar gun, shall be for holes too wide for drypack filling
and too shallow for concrete filling and no deeper than the far side of the
reinforcement nearest the surface.

d. Concrete filling shall be used for holes extending entirely through the concrete,
for holes which are greater in area than 1,000 square centimeters and deeper than
10 centimeters and for holes in reinforced concrete which are greater in area than
500 square centimeters and which extend beyond reinforcement. Epoxy bond
shall be applied to inside surface of the hole.

e. All non-shrink or expansive filling concrete and mortar shall have a minimum
strength not less than the specified strength of the concrete for the particular
member. Actual confirmatory tests shall be submitted.

f. Excess concrete or bulges, shall be repaired by chipping off the excess, by

manual methods. If the resulting concrete cover is less than the required for the
exposure and diameter of the reinforcing bar, the surface of the re-worked
concrete shall be coated with water-proofed paint or coating.

B-16 Floor Finishes

a. The Contractor shall note carefully the specified floor finishes and prepare the
slabs suitable in surface and elevation to receive said finishes.

b. Where plain cement floor finish is specified, these floor finishes shall be bonded.
The slab shall be brought to a true surface 20mm below finished floor elevation
and it shall be roughened by being raked as it sets. At a later date, when it is time
to apply the finish, the slab shall be thoroughly cleaned by brushes and with a
small jet from a high pressure hose. All dirt shall be removed from crevices and
depressions. After the surface has been wet, it shall be grouted with 1:1 grout.
Then 20mm sand finish composed of 1 part of cement and 2-1/2 parts of sharp
clean sand mixed with 2 to 3 gallons of water per bag of cement shall be applied,
rammed, screeded and floated. This shall be trowelled when sufficiently dry to a
smooth hard finish using a light dusting of cement only.

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 c. Where marble work is specified, the slab shall be brought to a true finish 50mm
below finished floor line and it shall be thoroughly roughened by being raked as
it sets.

d. Where type is not specified, the surface of the base shall be given a float finish.

e. Unless otherwise specified, floor finish shall be as follows:

i.For slab to receive resilient covering and for exposed concrete floor-steel
trowelled finish.
ii.For slabs to receive ceramic tiles-broomed finish.
B-17 Concrete Additives

a. Calcium chloride in the amount of not more than one and one-half (1-1/2) pounds
per 94 lbs sack of cement may be used as accelerator and curing agent with the
previous approval of the Structural Engineer.

Retarding densifier shall be used in amounts as recommended by the

manufacturers in the following:
i. Canopies.
ii. Concrete parapets and gutters.
iii. All columns.
iv. All exterior walls, basement walls, shear walls, tank walls and core
walls.

b. The use of any additive does not relieve the Contractor of the obligation to
produce the concrete strengths required under these Specifications.

B-18 Testing on Concrete

a. The Contractor shall provide three (3) specimens for test purposes taken from
each 50 cubic meters or fraction thereof, of each day‟s pour, whichever is less, of
each class of concrete placed. The testing for each of the three samples shall be at
7, 14, and 28 days.

b. After 24 hours and before the specimens are immersed in water for curing, the
top of the concrete cylinders shall be marked and initialled by the Project
Structural Inspector, for identification purposes, in the presence of the Resident
Structural Inspector.

c. Before capping of the cylinder for testing, the same Project Structural Inspector
shall transfer the same mark and his initial on the body of the cylinder, in the
presence of the Resident Structural Inspector of the Contractor.

d. All markings on the cylinders shall be done using indelible ink.

e. Samples shall be secured and molded in accordance with “METHOD OF

SAMPLING CONCRETE” (ASTM C172 Latest Revision). Strength test shall be
made in accordance with the „STANDARD METHOD OF THE TEST FOR
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF MOLDED CONCRETE CYLINDERS”
(ASTM C39, Latest Revision). The Contractor shall provide the samples to be
taken at the place of deposit and shall take care of transporting the specimens to
the approved testing laboratory, without cost to the Implementing
Agency/Owner. The Implementing Agency/Owner shall pay for the costs of
testing the samples.

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 f. To conform to the requirements of these Specifications, the average strength of
test samples representing each class of concrete as well as the average of any of
five (5) consecutive strength tests representing each class of concrete shall be
equal to or greater than the specified strength and not more than one strength test
in ten shall have an average value less than 90 percent, the specified strength.

g. Should the tests fail to give the required strength, the Implementing
Agency/Owner or Structural Engineer shall have the right to order a change in
the proportions or in the procedures of curing of the concrete for the rest of the
structure.

h. Samples taken shall be identified with the concrete actually poured. A record and
a “map” of the floor being poured shall be prepared and linked to the concrete
specimens taken for testing. This document shall be part of the quality assurance
records of the project.

B-19 Understrength Concrete

a. In any case of failure to meet specified strength, the Contractor may, at his
expense, and with written approval from the Structural Engineer, may undertake
non-destructive tests, such as rebound test or pulse velocity test, in accordance
with the provisions of the ACI Code. The number and location of the tests shall
be as directed by the Structural Engineer.

b. In case, non-destructive tests failed, at his own expense, the Contractor shall
obtain concrete core samples from the poured concrete in accordance with the
provisions of the ACI Code. The corings shall be taken at locations that will not
impair the safety of the structure and can be satisfactorily replaced. The
compressive strength of same as determined by a competent testing authority,
shall be taken as conclusive evidence of concrete strength and integrity.

c. In case of failure of core tests, a load test may be undertaken at the expense of the
Contractor, and with the approval of the Structural Engineer; otherwise the low-
strength concrete shall taken out by controlled demotion methods acceptable to
the Structural Engineer.

B-20 Inspection

a. Concrete shall be proportioned, mixed and placed only in the presence of the
Supervising Engineer and/or Structural Inspectors. Ample notice shall be given
before the commencement of the work.

b. As required by the NSCP, a minimum of two (2) full time Structural Inspectors
shall be assigned for the duration of the project as follows:
i. One (1) Inspector shall be under the employ of the Implementing
Agency/Owner or Project/Construction Manager.
ii. The other Inspector shall be under the employ of the Prime/General
Contractor.
iii. Both Inspectors shall be registered Civil Engineers and with a minimum
of five (5) years experience in structural concrete inspection and
acceptable to the Civil-Structural Engineer of Record.
There shall be as many Resident Structural Inspectors as there are Contractors for
structural concrete works.
`

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 c. For each particular work accomplished a Certificate of Structural Inspection,
acceptable to the Structural Engineer, shall be prepared and signed by the Project
and Resident Structural Inspectors and noted by the Project Engineer and/or
Project/Construction Manager.

d. Ambiguous interpretation of plans or decisions regarding inspection between the

Structural Inspectors shall be referred to the Civil-Structural Engineer for final
interpretation/decision.

e. Access to places where materials are being stored or fabricated and or erected
shall be provided for the purpose of inspection. Likewise, safe scaffolds and
temporary stairs or ladders shall be provided for the safety and convenience of
the Inspectors. The Inspectors shall have the right to refuse to inspect in the
absence of such safety measures.

B-21 Waterstops

a. Each piece of premolded waterstop shall be of maximum practicable length in

order that the number of end joints will be held to a minimum. (Equal to
“Volclay-Voltex” bentonite waterstops).

b. Joints at intersections and at ends of pieces shall be made in the manner most
appropriate to the material being used. Joints shall develop effective
watertightness fully equal to that of the continuous waterstop material, shall
permanently develop not less than 50% of the mechanical strength of the parent
section, and shall permanently retain their flexibility.

c. All construction joints for mats, basement walls, cistern and septic vault walls
shall be provided with waterstops.

d. Preferably all waterstops shall be at or near the middle of the thickness of the
slab, wall or beam.

B-22 Construction Joints

a. Construction joints on slabs, walls and beams shall preferably be located at or

near the middle of the span. Where it cannot be done, the location shall be
approved by the Structural Engineer. Epoxy bond shall be applied to the joint
surface prior to pouring of concrete.

b. All construction joints of slabs thicker than 300mm and on beams shall be
provided with a key and shear bar dowels, in accordance with the instructions of
the Structural Engineer. Likewise, epoxy bond shall be applied to the joint
surface.

c. Unless otherwise shown on the plans, the width of the key shall be 50% of the
thickness of the slab, wall or beam. The protrusion shall be 25% of the thickness
of the slab, wall or beam.

d. All construction joints below ground shall be provided with waterstops.

e. Construction joints exposed to the weather shall be grooved and sealed with an
elastic epoxy based sealant.

f. Minor construction joints shall be filled with mastic or plastic material.

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 g. Construction joints with waterstops shall be located that the wings of the
waterstops shall be at least 50mm from the surface of rebars running
perpendicular to the waterstop.

B-23 Slab, Wall and Beam Penetrations

a. Slab and wall openings shall be provided with trimmer bars as called out in the
Construction Notes. Openings beyond the intent of the Construction Notes shall
be provided with special reinforcement as specified by the Structural Engineer.

b. Penetrations through the web of beams shall preferably be circular.

Reinforcement shall be pipe sleeves (Schedule 40) large enough to accommodate
the piercing pipe or conduit. The pipe sleeve shall be provided with dowels and
cast in the concrete.

c. Larger penetrations beyond the diameter of standard pipes shall be provided with
the reinforcement specified or approved by the Structural Engineer.

d. Pipe sleeves and their anchor dowels, for pits, trenches and footing beams,
exposed permanently to the soil and the elements, shall be galvanized.

e. Penetrations through wall or beams below ground level shall be waterproofed

properly.

f. Holes of any shape, larger than the spacing of the main reinforcement of slabs
and walls, shall not be permitted after the slab or wall has been poured.

B-24 Pits, Cisterns and Trenches

a. Top openings for pits and trenches shall be provided with top corner edging
angles for pits and trenches without cover.

b. Edge corner angles shall be provided for top of pits and trenches with cover.
Corner angles shall be provided at floor level and under the cover.

c. Edging angles shall be provided with anchor dowels 10mm dia. Spaced at
300mm on center inclined 45 degrees with the horizontal, 150mm long,
excluding 50mm hook at ends.

d. Edging angles and dowels shall be galvanized.

e. Horizontal corners (at the intersection of walls and bottom slab) and vertical
corners (at intersection of walls) shall have a fillet of 100mm.

f. Pits, cisterns and trenches below basement floor level shall be waterproofed, by
wrapping around with plastic sheet and waterstops at construction joints.

B-25 Slope for Drainage

a. The bottom slab for basement, pits and trenches shall be sloped for gravity
drainage towards the nearest floor drain, interceptor or sump.

a. Unless otherwise indicated in the plans, the slope shall be not less than two
percent (2%).

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 B-26 Setting of Anchor Bolts/Plates

a. The Concrete Contractor shall install the anchor bolts or anchor plates.

b. The setting shall be inspected jointly by the Structural Inspectors of the Concrete
Contractor and Structural Steel Contractor, before pouring of the concrete.

c. After concrete pouring , the setting shall be jointly inspected by the same
Structural Inspectors for verification.

d. The Structural Steel Contractor shall take note of the deviations from specified
locations, and he shall make the necessary rectification of the holes on the base
plate of columns or the connection detail for anchor plates.

e. Construction joints shall not intersect anchor bolt and/or anchor plate dowel
setting.

f. Construction joints below ground level shall be located as to clear the flaps or
wings of waterstops by 50mm.

B-27 Structural Steel

a. SCOPE

1. The work consists of the fabricating and erecting all structural steel, together
with the necessary labor and supervision, equipment and tools, and incidental
materials to complete that part of the work as shown and noted on the
Structural drawings, unless otherwise noted, and as hereinafter specified,
whenever applicable.

a. Structural materials may be supplied by the Implementing Agency/Owner,

unless otherwise stipulated in the bid/tender documents.

2. The following abbreviations are used throughout these Specifications:

a. NSCP National Structural Code of the Philippines
b. AISC American Institute of Steel Construction
c. ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
d. AWS American Welding Society
e. AISI American Iron and Steel Institute

Applicable provisions of the above Standard Specifications shall be

considered integral part of these Technical Specification. Any
conflict between the referral specifications and these Specifications
shall be brought to the attention of the Structural Engineer for final
adjudication.

3. The work described in this Specifications, except as noted on the drawings

and as otherwise specified herein, shall be governed by the (9th edition of the
AISC “CODE OF STANDARD PRACTICE AND SPECIFICATION FOR
THE DESIGN, FABRICATION AND ERECTION OF THE
STRUCTURAL STEEL FOR BUILDINGS”.

4. Two (2) print copies of each of the detailed shop drawings shall be submitted
to the Structural Engineer for review and approval. If there are any
corrections to be made, re-approval of the corrected detailed drawings shall
be required.
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 5. Shop or field fabrication shall not commence until final approval of the shop
drawings. Review and approval shall be limited to the structural aspects and
not to dimensional accuracy of the structural member and its connections. All
fabrication shall be done at the shops. Field fabrication shall have the prior
approval of the Structural Engineer.

6. Any adjustments necessary in the steel frame because of discrepancies in

elevation and alignment shall be the responsibility of the Contractor.

7. The Contractor shall be responsible for the correct fitting of all structural
members and for the elevation and alignment of the finished structure.

8. Field modifications due to fit-up errors shall have the prior approval of the
Structural Engineer.

9. Substitutions of sections or modifications of details shall be made only when

approved by the Structural Engineer.

10. “As-built” drawings shall be prepared by the Contractor and submitted to the
Implementing Agency/Owner prior to the acceptance of the structure. The
drawings shall be signed by the Structural Inspectors of the Implementing
Agency/Owner and the Contractor before final signing of the Structural
Engineer .

B-28 Materials

a. Plates and Shapes

1. Structural steel shall include all beams, girders, columns, bearing plates, steel
stairs, metal decking and anchor bolts, clips, stud bolts, connector plates
and other accessories, as shown and in accordance with the intent of the
drawings and as required to complete the work as specified.
2. All parts shall be fabricated in accordance with shop fabrication drawings
prepared by the Contractor and approved by the Structural Engineer.
Beams and girders shall be accurately marked, columns accurately faced
and holes accurately punched or drilled.
3. Holes required for fastening of materials of other Contractors, may be
provided at site subject to the approval of the Structural Engineer.
4. Structural steel shall be ASTM A36 and/or as noted on the drawings.
5. Plates more than 50mm in thickness shall be tested for lamination by
conducting a through-thickness test. Plates which failed the lamination
test shall be rejected.

b. Bolts
1. Temporary (for erection or fit-up only) bolts shall be ordinary strength bolts
to ASTM A307.
2. Unless called out in the structural drawings, permanent bolts shall be high
strength bolts to ASTM A325 or their JIS or BS equivalents.
3. Hi-strength bolts, if not provided with integral tension-limiting devices, shall
be tightened with a calibrated torque wrench, which shall be verified and
re-calibrated, if necessary, before the start of the tightening work.

c. Welding Electrodes
1. Electrodes shall be E70 series from Lincoln.

d. Paint
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 1. Prior to painting, the steel surface shall be cleaned by wire-brushing and
accepted by the Structural Inspectors.
2. Two (2) coats of shop primer paint shall be applied. The first coat shall be
red lead, unless otherwise shown in the plans, to be applied immediately
after sand-blasting.
3. The second coat of primer paint shall be applied after all rectification works
are done, if any, and/or after inspection and approval by the Project and
Resident Structural Inspectors.
4. Two (2) coats of finish paint shall be applied after erection of the steelwork.
The color of the finish coating shall be in accordance with the
Implementing Agency/Owner‟s preference.
5. Each coat of paint shall have a dry film thickness of 70microns. Thickness
verification tests shall be conducted by a third party agency, as directed
by the Structural Inspectors and shall be for the account of the
Contractor.

e. Fireproofing

1 For floor framing, beams and other exposed steel, fireproofing shall be
sprayed-on cementitious mineral fiber conforming to UL fire rating
standards.

2 Fire rating for structural members shall be as follows:

Columns 4 hours
Primary Beams and Girders 3 hours
Filler Beams 2 hours

3 Non-structural metal decking (permanent forms only) shall not be fire-

proofed.

4 Roof trusses and accessories and components without external cladding or

walls shall not be fire-proofed.

f. Grout
1. Grouting material for base plates shall be non-shrink grout approved by the
Structural Engineer. The mixing procedure, application and clearance
requirements shall be in accordance with the recommendation of the
manufacturer.
2. For large base plates and as required by the Structural Engineer, actual
prototype tests shall be conducted to prove that voids cannot occur under
the base plates.
3. Grouting shall be done only after verification of the alignment and
plumbness of the structure, which shall be documented by the issuance
of a Certificate of Structural Inspection.
4. Grouting shall be done in the presence of the Structural Inspectors. Only one
type of grout shall be used for the structure.
5. Three (3) cube specimen shall be taken for every grouting work and tested
for actual compressive strength, which shall not be less than the specified
concrete strength.
6. Sampling and testing shall be witnessed by the Structural Inspectors.
Identification of samples shall be similar to the testing of concrete
cylinder specimens.

B-29 Fabrication
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 a. General
1. Preparation of shop fabrication drawings and fabrication and standards of the
AISC 9th Edition. Fabrication shall start only upon final approval of the
Shop +Drawings by the Structural Engineer.
2. Members to be milled shall be completely assembled and welded before
milling. Bearing of end columns shall be milled otherwise, same shall be
welded with full penetration welds.
3. Component plates for welded built-up sections shall not be gas cut
intermitently, but cut continuously for the entire length of the plate.
4. Unless approved by the Structural Engineer, fabrication shall be done
indoors and inside a fabricating shop or plant.
5. A record shall be prepared and kept on file, such that all component plates
for built-up sections and other detail materials used in the project can be
traced to the particular mother plate stock material.

b. Connections
1. Type of beam connections shall be as shown or noted on the Structural
drawings. Connections not shown on the drawings, or modification of
connections shown on the drawings, will not be permitted unless reviewed
and approved by the Structural Engineer.
2. All specific connection details are not shown by the structural drawings.
General or standard connections shall be designed and detailed by the
structural steel detailer. Connection design and details are subject to
Structural Engineer‟s review.
3. Connections either bolted or welded shall be as recommended in AISC
Manual of Steel Construction 9th Edition.
4. Girder to column connections for moment, frames shall develop the full
plastic capacity of the girders without exceeding the allowable elastic
stresses on the connection materials. Connections shall be welded with full
penetration welds or with the high strength bolts.
5. Connections for braces and hangers shall develop a strength equal to 100%
of the connected member in tension.
6. Sequence of welding in assembling shall be such that warping of the finished
product is prevented.

c. Welding
1. All welders shall be certified, by an approved testing laboratory, to make
groove and fillet welds in all positions. Testing and certification shall be
in accordance with the AWS D1.1:2000. Certificates should not exceed
two (2) years old. Certificates shall be submitted upon mobilization.
2. Weld joints design and workmanship shall be in accordance with AWS D1.1:
2000.
3. No welding is to be done on metal which is wet, exposed to rain, nor when
the welders are exposed to inclement conditions.
4. Welding techniques and procedures, minimum preheat and interpass
temperatures shall be in accordance with AWS D1.1: 2000. When the
base metal is below the temperature listed for the welding process being
used and the thickness of material being welded, it shall be preheated for
all welding (including tack welding) in such manner that the surfaces of
the parts on which weld metal is being deposited are at or above the
specified minimum temperature for a distance equal to the thickness of
the part being welded, but not less than 75mm, both laterally and in
advance of the welding. Preheat temperature shall not exceed 400
degrees F.

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 5. Welded built-up sections shall be done using automatic welding machines
and procedures.
6. Control of shrinkage and distortion.
AWS permissible tolerance for common welded members shall be
strictly followed for the following aspects:
(1). Deviation between centerline of web and centerline of
flange.
(2). Camber of sweep of columns.
(3). Tilt and warpage of flange.
(4). Deviation of camber of beams and girders.
(5). Sweep of girders.
(6). Deviation from flatness of beam or girder web.
7. Fixed or portable electrode ovens shall be provided within the work area.
From the oven, the welding rods shall be kept in sealed cannisters carried
at the back of the welders.
8. All weldments shall be tested by NDT methods as required by the Structural
Engineer.
9. A record shall be made of all field welds such that any particular weld can be
identified with the individual certified welder who deposited the weld.

d. Painting/Galvanizing

The steelwork shall be painted and/or galvanized as called out in the structural
drawings.
1. All steel shall be thoroughly cleaned by sand or grit blasting, all rust and mill
scale removed, and shall receive two (2) shop coats of primer paint. The
steel work shall receive two (2) finish coats. Areas within 50mm of field
welds shall be left unpainted as well as columns or beams to be encased
in concrete.
2. After erection, all abrasions, bolt heads and surfaces left unpainted for
welding shall be painted as required above.
3. Steel surfaces which will be inaccessible after erection shall receive two shop
coats of paint. Each coat of paint shall be of a different color. The inside
of box columns, sealed permanently, shall be exempted from this
requirement.
4. All ferrous metal excluding concrete embedded parts shall be hot-dipped
galvanized (if required) and shall conform with ASTM A123, for
structural Sections and ASTM A153 for small accessories.
5. For 3mm and 5mm thick materials, average thickness shall be 87.23 micron
(610 gm/sq.m.). One gram of zinc per sq.m. of surface equals 0.143
micron.
6. All surfaces affected by field welding shall be made good by grinding and
subsequent application of galvanizing compound.
7. Bolts and nuts shall be spun galvanized. Excessive zinc shall be removed
from the threaded part. Nuts and lock nuts shall be checked to be capable
of being threaded throughout the whole threaded length after
galvanizing.

B-30 Storage of Materials

a. Storage of fabricated steel at the job site shall be the responsibility of the
Contractor.

b. Material stored at the jobsite shall be so placed that no members shall be

damaged and shall be protected against corrosion or deterioration of any
kind.
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 B-31 Erection

a. The Contractor shall completely outline a proposed method and sequence of

erection before delivering any material to the jobsite. The outline shall be
prepared to avoid delay of , and damage to the work of other Contractors.

b. Temporary bracing, fittings and guy lines shall be provided to adequately protect
all persons and property and to insure proper alignment.

c. The Contractor shall be responsible for the accurate setting and leveling of all
bearing plates or setting plates. Bearing plates or setting plates shall be leveled
on steel wedges or shims or as otherwise detailed and then grouted in place.

d. The center to center distance between adjacent exterior columns shall not vary
more than 3mm from the theoretical dimension at any point.

e. No final or full welding shall be done until as much of the structure as will be
stiffened by the welding/permanent bolting has been properly aligned.

f. Drift pins shall not be used to enlarge unfair holes in main material. Holes that
must be enlarged to admit bolts shall be reamed.

g. Burning and drifting may be used to align unfair holes in secondary beams and
bracing members only upon approval of the Structural Engineer.

h. During the construction period, care shall be exercised to avoid excessive

concentrated loads. The Contractor shall provide means for the adequate
distribution of such loads so that the carrying capacity of any steel member is not
exceeded.

i. Fabricated members delivered at site shall be checked against the shop

fabrication drawings. Minor fabrication defects may be done at site and on the
ground, with the permission of the Structural Engineer. A member with a major
fabrication error shall be rejected and returned to the shop for rectification.

j. A complete set of erection drawings shall be issued to the Erection Group prior
to the delivery of the fabricated steel.

k. No deliveries at site shall be accepted without the corresponding or

accompanying shop fabrication drawings approved by the Designer.

l. Upper tier of columns or succeeding upper floor framing shall not be erected
unless the adjacent lower tier or floor has been inspected and approved for
alignment and verticality by the Structural Inspectors.

B-32 Inspection

a. Safe access to places where materials are being stored or fabricated and or
erected shall be provided for the purpose of inspection.

b. The Structural Engineer reserves the right to reject any material, at any time
before final acceptance, which does not conform to all of the requirements of the
drawings and these Specifications.

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 c. Inspection of all Implementing Agency/Owner-furnished materials for
conformity with raw material specifications shall be for the account of the
Implementing Agency/Owner.

d. An in-house shop fabrication quality assurance program acceptable to the

Structural Engineer, shall be outlined and submitted by the Contractor for
approval. The Structural Engineer reserves the right to modify such program.

e. All shop welds shall be visually inspected and 25% of the welds shall be tested
by NDT methods, for the account of the Contractor. If the acceptance for the
initial testing is below 70%, then 50% of the welds shall be tested. If the
acceptance for the second round of testing is below 70% , then 100% of the
welds shall be tested.

f. Visually suspicious shop welds, noticed and reported by the Structural

Inspectors, after delivery to the jobsite shall be NDT tested at the discretion of
the Structural Engineer.

g. All field welds shall be inspected and NDT tested 100%, for the account of the
Contractor.

h. At the discretion of the Structural Engineer, final inspection and verification

testing of weldments may be undertaken during shop fabrication and erection.
Such final verification testing shall be for the account of the Implementing
Agency/Owner. However, testing of defective welds, rewelding and retesting,
shall be for the account of the Contractor.

i. In accordance with the provisions of the NSCP, two (2) full time Structural
Inspectors shall be assigned for the duration of the project as follows:
1. One (1) Inspector shall be under the employ of the Implementing
Agency/Owner or Project/Construction Manager
2. The other Inspector shall be under the employ of the Prime/General
Contractor.
3. Both Inspectors shall be licensed Civil Engineers and with a
minimum of five (5) years experience in structural steel inspection
and acceptable to the Civil-Structural Engineer of Record.

j. Ambiguous interpretation of plans or decisions regarding inspection between the

Structural Inspectors shall be referred to the Civil-Structural Engineer for final
interpretation/decision.

k. Acceptability of welding and fabrication tolerances (distortion, etc.) shall be

based on AWS D1.1:2000 Statically Loaded Structures.

l. Test/inspection results shall be submitted to the Structural Engineer promptly.

B-33 Non-destructive Testing (NDT)

a. All non-destructive testing shall be undertaken by Weld Testing Laboratories

Phil., Inc.

b. NDT of shop welds shall be in accordance with the following:

1 Splice connection for beams/columns
Full Penetration UT
2 Corner welds on box columns
Full Penetration UT
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 3 Corner welds on box columns
Partial Penetration MP
4 Diaphragms on box columns
Full Penetration UT
5 Welds on built-up sections
Fillet DP
6 Welds on shear/tab plates
Fillet MP
7 Welds on stiffeners
Fillet MP
8 Angle to gusset plate
Fillet MP

c. NDT of field welds shall be in accordance with the following:

1. Column splice connection
Full Penetration UT
2. Girder to column connection
Full Penetration UT
3. Moment plate to column
Full Penetration UT
4. Brace to girder/column connection
Full Penetration UT
5. Continuity plates
Fillet MP
6. Shear/tab plates to girder web
Fillet MP
7. Angle to gusset plate
Fillet MP

B-34 Anchor Bolts

a. Anchor bolts shall be set strictly in accordance with the Anchor Bolt Setting
Plan, preferably with the metal templates and rigidly fixed either to the pedestal
reinforcement or forms, to prevent dislocations during the pouring of concrete.

b. Anchor bolts with calculated tension shall be cast with the concrete.

c. Anchor bolts without calculated tension may be set in anchor bolt pockets
provided non-shrink (expansive) and non-metallic grout is used for final setting.
Strength of the grout must be equal or greater than the concrete strength.

d. Before and after pouring of the concrete, setting of anchor bolts shall be
inspected and verified, jointly by the Structural Inspectors of the Implementing
Agency/Owner and Steel Contractor.

e. Any deviations shall be noted by the Steel Contractor, and remedial measures has
to be implemented in the shops or during erection to accommodate said
deviations.

f. At the discretion of the Structural Engineer, special plate washers may be

required to cover oversized bolt holes.

B-35 Cement and Masonry

a. Scope of Work

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 The work under this section shall include all labor, materials, equipment, plant and
other facilities and the satisfactory performance of all work necessary to complete all
cement and masonry work shown on the Drawings and as specified herein.

b. Mortar

Cement mortar shall be one (1) part Portland cement and three (3) parts of sand by
volume.

Re-tampering is not permitted. No mortar that has stood for more than one (1) hour
shall be used. Works shall not be permitted on mortar that has reached its initial set.

c. Concrete Hollow Blocks

Concrete hollow blocks shall have a minimum compressive strength of 350 psi
computed from the average of five (5) units based on the average gross area and a
minimum of 300 psi for individual unit. Samples shall be taken at random for every
batch/ delivery of at least 2,000 pieces and upon the discretion of the Architect/
Engineer.

d. Laying of Concrete Hollow Blocks

Do not wet blocks before using. Blocks must be dry when laid.

The first row of blocks must be thoroughly anchored to concrete walls, columns or
slabs. Courses shall be laid straight and uniform with regular running bond and
vertical faces truly vertical and set true to line. Each block shall be adjusted to its
position in the wall while the mortar is still soft and plastic enough to ensure good
bond. The position of the block shall never be shifted after the mortar has stiffened.
No re-alignment of a block shall be attempted after a higher or following course has
been laid.

All horizontal and vertical reinforcing bars shall be anchored 20 diameters into the
concrete walls, columns and slabs.

Dowel bars properly spaced are placed into walls, columns or slabs during pouring
and hooked to the vertical bar, leaving bar diameter exposed to splice with the
reinforcing bars of the hollow block walls during construction.

All units shall be laid with mortar composed of one (1) part Portland cement and
three (3) parts of sand. Unless otherwise specified or detailed on the drawings,
horizontal and vertical joints shall be 10mm thick with full mortar coverage on the
face shells and on the web surrounding the cells to be filled.

Reinforcing bars shall have a lap of 40 bar diameters. All horizontal reinforcement
must be tied to the vertical reinforcement at their intersection.

After each day‟s work, uncompleted wall shall be covered with waterproof materials
to keep the inside of the blocks dry in case of rain.

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