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Pattern Materials - HAF

The document discusses various materials used for making patterns including wood, metals, plastics, plaster and wax. Wood is the most commonly used material due to its low cost and easy availability, but it is susceptible to shrinkage and warping. Metals provide greater strength, precision and longevity than wood but are more expensive. Plastics and plaster are also used for their advantages like light weight, corrosion resistance and ability to produce intricate patterns.

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Zaky Muzaffar
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46 views10 pages

Pattern Materials - HAF

The document discusses various materials used for making patterns including wood, metals, plastics, plaster and wax. Wood is the most commonly used material due to its low cost and easy availability, but it is susceptible to shrinkage and warping. Metals provide greater strength, precision and longevity than wood but are more expensive. Plastics and plaster are also used for their advantages like light weight, corrosion resistance and ability to produce intricate patterns.

Uploaded by

Zaky Muzaffar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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By

Prof. Huzaifa Fidvi


Asst. Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department
Anjuman College of Engineering and Technology,
Nagpur
Pattern Making
• Pattern is a REPLICA of the object to be cast.
• It is used to prepare the mould cavity into
which molten material will be poured during
the casting process.
• Patterns used in sand casting may be made of
wood, metal, plastics or other materials.
Pattern Materials
1. Wood – White pine, Teak, Shisham, Deodar
Advantages:
 Wood is the most popular and commonly used material for
pattern making.
 It is cheap.
 Easily available in abundance.
 Repairable.
 It is very light and can produce highly smooth surface.
 Wood can preserve its surface by application of a shellac
coating for longer life of the pattern.
 Easy to join to acquire complex shapes.
 Good surface finish can be obtained
Pattern Materials
1. Wood – White pine, Teak, Shisham, Deodar
Limitations:
 It is susceptible to shrinkage and warpage and therefore its life
is short.
 It is highly affected by moisture of the molding sand and swells
resulting in change in shape and size.
 They do not withstand rough handling.
 Poor wear resistance.
 It is weak in comparison to metal.
Applications:
 It is used when quantity of castings to be produces are small.
 It is used when pattern size is large.
2. Metal – Cast Iron, Aluminum alloys, steel, brass…
Metallic patterns are preferred when the number of castings
required is large enough to justify their cost.
Advantages:
 These patterns are not much affected by moisture as
wooden pattern.
 The wear and tear of this pattern is very less.
 Metal is easier to shape the pattern with good precision,
surface finish.
 It can withstand corrosion and handling for longer period.
 It possesses excellent strength to weight ratio.
 They do not absorb water and retain their shape.
 They have greater resistance to abrasion.
 They have longer life.
2. Metal – Cast Iron, Aluminum alloys, steel, brass…
Limitations:
 Expensive
 Higher weight
 Tendency of rusting.
 Not easily repaired. (aluminum patters are difficult to weld)
 Machining is difficult compared to wooden patterns.
Applications: Metal patterns are used where –
 Large number of castings are required i.e. for mass
production.
 For repetitive orders.
 Where high dimensional accuracy is required.
3. Plastic
Advantages: Plastics are getting more popularity now a days as they are:
 Lighter
 Stronger and durable
 moisture and wear resistant.
 They are not affected by the moisture of the molding sand.
 have smooth surface finish.
 Corrosion resistant.
 Easy to make
 Do not stick with the mould cavity, hence provide easy
withdrawal.
3. Plastic
Limitations:
 Light sections are fragile
 less resistant to sudden loading and their section may
need metal reinforcement.
 Do not work well when subjected to severe shocks as
in machine moulding.
Applications: They are used where
 Quantity is more
 High dimensional accuracy is required
 For repetitive orders
4. Plaster – Plaster of Paris, Gypsum cement
Advantages:
 It can be easily worked on with wood working tools.
 Intricate shapes can be easily cast.
 It has high compressive strength.
 Unlike metal it expands on solidification.
 It is cheap and easily available.
 Light in weight.
Limitations:
 Possesses low strength.
Applications: Plaster is used for making
1. Small and Intricate patterns.
2. Core Boxes
5. Wax
 Wax patterns are made by pouring wax into split moulds.
After cooling it is taken out and used for moulding.
 From the mould it is not drawn out but removed by
simply heating the mould.
Advantages:
 Wax patterns provide good dimensional accuracy.
 Good Surface finish.
 Mould cavity does not get damaged while removing the
pattern.
Applications:
 It is used in Investment Casting Process.

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