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DBMS Lab4 Assignment

1) The document discusses various in-built SQL functions including numeric, character, count, group, and aggregate functions. 2) Examples are provided of functions like ABS(), CEIL(), FLOOR(), EXP(), etc and how to use them in queries along with expected outputs. 3) The lab exercise section provides queries using these functions and asks the student to provide the expected output for each.

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Rajan Chaudhary
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
28 views

DBMS Lab4 Assignment

1) The document discusses various in-built SQL functions including numeric, character, count, group, and aggregate functions. 2) Examples are provided of functions like ABS(), CEIL(), FLOOR(), EXP(), etc and how to use them in queries along with expected outputs. 3) The lab exercise section provides queries using these functions and asks the student to provide the expected output for each.

Uploaded by

Rajan Chaudhary
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: Neha Shrestha Rollno:181418 IT Morning (4th

semester)
Title: Inbuilt Functions
Objective: To practice and implement in-built functions to be executed using DML
Theory:
SQL Command:
Numeric function:

Command Query Output


Abs(n) Select abs(-10) FROM 10
<table>
Ceil(n) Select ceil(55.67) FROM 56
<table>
Floor(n) Select floor(100.2) FROM 100
<table>
Exp(n) Select exp(4) FROM <table> 54.59
Power(m,n) Select power(4,2) FROM 16
<table>
Mod(m,n) Select mod(10,3) FROM 1
<table>
Sqrt(n) Select sqrt(16) FROM 4
<table>
Round(m,n) Select round(100.256,2) 100.26
FROM <table>

Character function:

Command Query Output


Lower(char) select lower(‘HELLO’) FROM <table> hello
Upper(char) Select upper(‘hello’) FROM <table> HELLO
Ltrim(char_exp) Select ltrim(‘ Beit’) FROM <table> Beit
Rtrim(char_exp) Select rtrim(‘Beit ’) FROM <table> Beit
Replace(SE,SP,SR) Select replace(‘hello’, ’ll’, ‘xx’) FROM hexxo
<table>

Substring(exp,start,length) Select substring(‘hello’,2 , 3) ell

Count function
• COUNT(*): counts all, inclusive of duplicates and null values
o Select count(*) FROM employee
• COUNT(col_name): avoids null value
o Select count(salary) FROM employee
• COUNT(distinct col_name): avoids repeated and null values
o Select count(distinct salary) FROM employee
1. Group function
• AVG()
▪ Select avg(salary) FROM employee
• MAX()
▪ Select max(salary) FROM employee
• MIN()
▪ Select min(salary) FROM employee
• SUM()
▪ Select sum(salary) FROM employee
➢ GROUP BY clause
• Allows us to use simultaneous column name and group function
• Use in conjunction with the aggregate functions to group the result-set by one or
more columns.
• E.g.: select max(salary), job FROM employee group by job

➢ HAVING clause
• Use to specify conditions on rows retrieved by using group by clause.
• Added to SQL because the WHERE keyword could not be used with aggregate
functions.
• E.g. : select max(salary), job FROM employee group by job having count(*)>=2
Lab Exercise:

Numeric Function:

1.
Query:
SELECT ABS(-10) FROM employee
Output:
2.
Query:
SELECT CEIL(55.6) FROM employee
Output:

3.
Query:
SELECT FLOOR(55.6) FROM employee
Output:

4.
Query:
SELECT exp(eid) FROM employee
Output:
5.
Query:
SELECT power(4,eid) FROM employee
Output:

6.
Query:
SELECT mod(10,3) FROM employee
Output:

7.
Query:
SELECT sqrt(salary) FROM employee
Output:
8.
Query:
SELECT round(100.2686,2) FROM employee
Output:

Character Function:
9.
Query:
SELECT lower(name) FROM employee
Output:

10.
Query:
SELECT upper(name) FROM employee
Output:
11.
Query:
SELECT ltrim(“ name”) FROM employee
Output:

12.
Query:
SELECT rtrim(“ name ”)FROM employee
Output:

13.
Query:
SELECT REPLACE(name,”Ram”,”Shyam”) FROM employee
Output:
14.
Query:
SELECT substring(designation,2,3) FROM employee
Output:

Count Function:
15.
Query:
SELECT count(*) FROM employee
Output:

16.
Query:
SELECT count(eid) FROM employee
Output:
Group Function:
17.
Query:
SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employee
Output:

18.
Query:
SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employee
Output:

19.
Query:
SELECT MIN(salary) FROM employee
Output:

20.
Query:
SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employee WHERE designation=”programmer”
Output:
21.
Query:
SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employee WHERE designation=”developer”
Output:

Group By Clause:
22.
Query:
SELECT MAX(salary),designation FROM employee GROUP BY designation
Output:

Having Clause
23.
Query:
SELECT MIN(salary),designation FROM employee GROUP BY designation HAVING
count(*)>=2
Output:

Conclusion:
In this way we can implement in-built function to be executed using DML.

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