Senior High School

Disciplines and Ideas in the

Applied Social Sciences
Quarter 4 – Module 1:
Clientele and Audiences in Communication

1
 What I Need to Know

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY

• Describe the clientele and audience of communication.
HUMSS_DIASS 12-IIa-37
• Distinguish the needs of individuals, groups, organizations,
and communities. HUMSS_DIASS 12-IIa-38

At the end of the module, you should be able to:

1. Describe the clientele and audience of communication;
2. Distinguish the needs of individuals, groups, organizations,
and communities; and
3. Value the importance, functions, and needs of the clientele
and audiences of communication

What I Know
Multiple Choice. Write only the letter of your choice in
your notebook.

_____1. The status that a person enjoys in a communication context.

a. educational level b. age range c. social status d. organization
_____2. Each cultural generation sets its trends and has an impact on
communication.
a. Social Media b. Age Range c. Job Type d. Community
_____3. Communication connotes ____________?
a. communion b. community c. to share d. all of these.
_____4. It requires reading skills and health literacy and the ability to
engage in complex and unfamiliar topics. An audience with limited
literacy skills may find it difficult to communicate effectively.
a. Education Level b. Job type c. Information Sources d.
Clientele
_____5. It hinders the ability of the person to effectively sends and
receive information.
a. Job Type b. Primary Language
c. Individuals d. Health Status
_____6. The availability or accessibility of information.

2
 a. Audiences b. Information Sources
c. Social Media d. Age Range
_____7. This uses symbols, words, pictures, facial expressions, hand
signs, graphics, body language, etc.
a. Community b. Communication
c. Individuals d. Organization
_____8. Commonly categorized based on region and skin color.
a. Race and Ethnicity b. Age Range
c. Job Type d. Health Status
_____9. Which does not belong to the group?
a. Individuals b. Group/Organizations
c. Community d. None of the above
_____10. This is the first thing to be considered for the message to be
effective.
a. Graphics b. The medium of Communication
c. Primary Language d. Individual
_____11. A client of communication that tends to have
communication needs that are specific to them.
a. Group and organization b. Community
c. Individual d. Clienteles
_____12. This is the client of communication in which message has to
be responsive to the need and must gain access to communication
instructions and technologies.
a. Individuals b. Group and organizations
c. Community d. None of the above
_____13. This is important especially in communication materials that
involve graphics and photos to reflect the demographics of the
audience.
a. Design b. Sound c. Infographics d. Advertisements
_____14. If your target audiences are younger, what is the most
appropriate medium use?
a. Emails b. Memos c. Meetings d. Social Media
_____15. Which of the following is FALSE about communication?
a. Community requires to interact with other people.
b.Communication is simple.
c. Communication can be formal and informal.
d.None of the above

3
A. Identification: Read each question carefully and identify the
correct answer.
_________1. The transfer of information from one place, person, or
group to another.
_________2. It helps instill confidence to your client that their needs
and concerns will be addressed
_________3. The more you provide regular updates to the client and
keep them in-the-know the more client.
_________4. Each generation sets its own trends and has its own
cultural impact.
_________5. Describes shared cultures like values, practices, and
beliefs.
_________6. An audience with limited ________ skills may find it
difficult to communicate effectively.
_________7. The primary means of making communication easy.
_________8. Paying close attention to your clients and always put
yourself in their shoes is the best way to practice empathy.
_________9. A person or organization using the services of other
professional person or company.
_________10. True or False. Honesty is the best policy to gain the
client’s trust and confidence in your service.

What’s In

The professionals and practitioners in communication are the

communicators and journalists. The core purpose of journalist is to
research, document, write, and present the news in an honest, ethical,
and unbiased way. Communicators are persons who are able to
convey or exchange information, news or ideas, especially one who is
eloquent or skilled.

4
 What’s New

Think of as many clientele and audiences of communication as

you can. Using a concept map, write this clientele and audiences
inside the circles. Write your answer in your notebook.

Clientele and Audiences

What is It

5
CHARACTERISTICS OF CLIENTELE AND AUDIENCES OF
COMMUNICATION

Description
It is the status that a person enjoys in a
communication context. One may be a president
Social Position or leader, middle manager, a colleague, or a
subordinate in an organization of the
community.
Language is the primary means of making
Individual communication easy. It helps express ideas and
Counselling feelings of a person to another and paves the
way to make a good relationship.
Being able to communicate effectively and
accurately is important because it does not only
Educational convey information but also modifies attitude
Level and stimulates thinking. An audience with
limited literacy skills may find it difficult to
communicate effectively.
is important in the delivery and receiving of
information. The ability of the person to
effectively transfer information and accurately
Health Status understand the information given may change if
there is a condition that hinders the person to
communicate. For example, disability in
hearing.
Age is very important to consider. When a
group of individuals grows up at the same time,
they most likely share many of the same
Age Range experiences, common values, beliefs, and
attitudes. This is called cultural generations.
Each cultural generation sets its trends and has
its impact on communication.
The race is commonly categorized based on
Race and
region (e.g., Chinese or American) or skin color
Ethnicity
(e.g., black or white), and religion. Ethnicity,

6
 on the other hand, describes shared cultures like
values, practices, and beliefs.
An audience with no access to computers may
Job Type not be effective in disseminating materials
through internet sites.
Information The availability or accessibility of information.
Sources

The Importance of Great Communication in Client Relationships

1. Transparency - A client wants to work with accurate and

honest people. Being transparent can create a stronger and more
profitable client relationship. The more you provide regular
updates to the client and keep them in-the-know the more client
relationship is stable.

2. Trustworthiness - It is good to remain accessible to your client

and have regular contact with them. It will help them build trust
and respect for you. It will also instill confidence in your client
that their needs and concerns will be addressed as soon as
possible.

3. Understanding/Empathizing - You have to make sure that you

can convey messages and information effectively. Having
regular conversations with your clients allow you to have a good
understanding of their expectations and requirements. When
issues arise, it is best to resolve and restore it through healthy
verbal communication with the client. Paying close attention to
your clients and always put yourself in their shoes is the best
way to practice empathy.

CLIENTELES OF COMMUNICATION AND IT’S NEEDS

Need: good communication skills to be able to

establish good relationship.
Individuals 7
It is important that an individual understand what
the other person is saying. It also means a
person transmitting the information can clearly
express their ownneeds and concerns.
 Involves trust and cooperation.
Needs:
- Can exchange ideas and gain more knowledge
Groups & organizations and understanding.
- Can together arrive at a decision or course of
What’s More
action.

Answer the following questions below in your notebook.

1. Who are the clienteles and audiences of communication?
A group of people living and interacting with one
2. Why is client communication important?
another in a particular environment.
Communities
3. Among the characteristics mentioned above, which do you
Needs:
think is the best characteristics of good communication with
clients? - Must gain access to communication
infrastructure and technologies.

What I Have Learned

Make a personal reflection of what you have learned about the

lesson by completing the phrases below.

8
 What I Can Do
Look at the pictures carefully and say something about the picture.
Please write at least two (2) sentences. Write your answer in your
notebook.
1.

9
 https://www.123rf.com/photo_71969185_stock -vector-two-cartoon-men-talking.html

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

2.

https://www.nrc.no/expert-deployment/what-we-do/communication-with-communities/

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

3.

10
 https://study.com/academy/lesson/physiological-noise-in-communication-definition-lesson-quiz.html

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

4.

https://www.incorp.asia/blog/hr/importance -of-good-communication -at-workplace/

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

5.

http://blogs.biomedcentral.com/bmcblog/2014/08/11/the -power -of-pictures-how-we-can-use-images -to-promote-and-communicate-science/

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Assessment
A. Multiple Choice. Write only the letter of your choice
in your notebook.
11
_____1. The status that a person enjoys in a communication context.
a. educational level b. age range c. social status d. organization

_____2. Each cultural generation sets its trends and has an impact on
communication.
a. Social Media b. Age Range c. Job Type d. Community

_____3. Communication connotes ____________?

a. communion b. community c. to share d. all of these.

_____4. It requires reading skills and health literacy and the ability to
engage in complex and unfamiliar topics. An audience with limited
literacy skills may find it difficult to communicate effectively.
a. Education Level b. Job type c. Information Sources d.
Clientele
_____5. It hinders the ability of the person to effectively sends and
receive information.
a. Job Type b. Primary Language
c. Individuals d. Health Status
_____6. The availability or accessibility of information.
a. Audiences b. Information Sources
c. Social Media d. Age Range
_____7. This uses symbols, words, pictures, facial expressions, hand
signs, graphics, body language, etc.
a. Community b. Communication
c. Individuals d. Organization
_____8. Commonly categorized based on region and skin color.
a. Race and Ethnicity b. Age Range
c. Job Type d. Health Status
_____9. Which does not belong to the group?
a. Individuals b. Group/Organizations
c. Community d. None of the above

_____10. This is the first thing to be considered for the message to be

effective.
a. Graphics b. The medium of Communication
c. Primary Language d. Individual

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_____11. A client of communication that tends to have
communication needs that are specific to them.
a. Group and organization b. Community
c. Individual d. Clienteles

_____12. This is the client of communication in which message has to

be responsive to the need and must gain access to communication
instructions and technologies.
a. Individuals b. Group and organizations
c. Community d. None of the above

_____13. This is important especially in communication materials that

involve graphics and photos to reflect the demographics of the
audience.
a. Design b. Sound c. Infographics d. Advertisements

_____14. If your target audiences are younger, what is the most

appropriate medium to use?
a. Emails b. Memos c. Meetings d. Social Media

_____15. Which of the following is FALSE about communication?

a. Community requires to interact with other people.
b.Communication is simple.
c. Communication can be formal and informal.
d.None of the above

A. Identification: Read each question carefully and identify the

correct answer.
_________1. The transfer of information from one place, person, or
group to another.
_________2. It helps instill confidence to your client that their needs
and concerns will be addressed
_________3. The more you provide regular updates to the client and
keep them in- the-know the more client.
_________4. Each generation sets its own trends and has its own
cultural impact.
_________5. Describes shared cultures like values, practices, and
beliefs.

13
_________6. An audience with limited ________ skills may find it
difficult to communicate effectively.
_________7. The primary means of making communication easy.
_________8. Paying close attention to your clients and always put
yourself in their shoes is the best way to practice empathy.
_________9. A person or organization using the services of other
professional person or company.
_________10. True or False. Honesty is the best policy to gain the
client’s trust and confidence in your service.

Additional Activities
Give a communicator or journalist you know and cite their good
characteristics in one paragraph. Write your answer in your notebook.

References

https://www.scribd.com/presentation/432462176/Clientele-and-Audiences-in-Communication

https://helveticamediuma.com/learn/audience/

https://www.scribd.com/presentation/362675225/Clienteles-of-Communication
https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/principles-of-management/communication-
andinterpersonal-skills/methods-of-communication

https://identitygroup.co.uk/the-importance-of-great-communication-in-client-relationships/

14
 Disciplines and Ideas in
the Applied Social
Sciences
Quarter 4 – Module 2

Settings, Processes, Methods and

Tools in Communication

What I Need to Know

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY
⚫ Illustrate the different processes and methods involved in
undertaking Communication (HUMSS_DIASS 12-IIa-40)
15
 ⚫ Distinguish the appropriate communication media channel(s)
to use in different settings and situations (HUMSS_DIASS
12-IIa-41)

At the end of the module, you should be able to:

1. Identify the different processes and methods in
communication.
2. Differentiate the communication media channels in different
settings and situations through graphic organizer
3. Appreciate the use of mass media, new media and social
media, and telecommunications

WHAT I KNOW
I. Modified Identification.
Directions: Read and understand each item carefully. Choose your
answers in the box and write the letter of your choice in your
notebook.

A. School Setting B. Encoding

C. Sender D. Nonverbal communication
E. Feedback F. Government Setting
G. Verbal communication H. Telecommunication
I. Mass Media J. Communication Process

___1. This means translating information into a message in the form

of symbols that represent ideas or concepts.
___2. It is the final link in the chain of the communication process.
___3. A method of communication which consists of actions, gestures
as means of transmitting messages.
___4. Involves speaking or writing by a sender and listening or
reading the receiver.
___5. It is the primary means of communication used to reach the vast
majority of the general public to provide information regarding
political issues, social issues, entertainment, and news in pop culture.
___6. It is the guide toward realizing effective communication.

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___7. An individual, group, or organization who initiates the
communication.
___8. A setting wherein communication media channels are essential
to attain good governance.
___9. It involves sending messages or information, as words, sounds,
or images from one point to another, usually over great distances,
using electronic media.
___10. A setting wherein communication media channels are the
medium of instruction and socialization.

II. True or False.

Directions: Read each item carefully. Write T if the statement is true
and F if the statement is false. Write your answers in your notebook.

___11. Communication in school settings take place to inform,

persuade and mobilize various stakeholders such as parents, faculty
and students.
___12. Feedback ultimately provides an opportunity for the sender to
take corrective action to clarify a misunderstood message.
___13. For communication to happen, it is always in verbal form.
___14. Through constant communication, communities are able to
share and foster not only cultural identity but also a vision of what is
good for the community.
___15. Mass media can reach large and vast audiences.

What’s In
Communication is an integral aspect in everyone’s life. It
underlies all human behavior and activities. In general, professions
and industries have grown around the communication process.
Communication has three types of clienteles and its needs, namely:
First, Individuals who needs good communication skills to be able to
establish good relationship with others. Second, Groups and
Organizations that needs more knowledge and understanding to be
able to arrive at a decision or course of action. Lastly, Communities
that needs to gain access to communication infrastructure and
technologies.

17
 This module will provide an overview of communication as a
field of study, profession and practice, as a part of business,
government, culture and other aspects of social life, and as an industry
itself. It covers the topics such as communication process,
communication methods and settings and the different media
channels.

What’s New

JUMBLED WORDS
Instructions: Arrange the jumbled words below to form a meaningful
word. Write your answer in your notebook.

1.AASLMIDOCEI
2.LBAREV
3.SEDASMIAM
4.WNETIRT

What is It
Communication Process
The communication process is the guide toward realizing
effective communication. It is through the communication process
that the sharing of a common meaning between the sender and the
receiver takes place. Individuals that follow the communication
process will have the opportunity to become more productive in every
aspect of their profession. Effective communication leads to
understanding.
The communication process is made up of four key components.
Those components include encoding, medium of transmission,
decoding, and feedback. There are also two other factors in the
process, and those two factors are present in the form of the sender
and the receiver. The communication process begins with the sender
and ends with the receiver.
The sender is an individual, group, or organization who initiates
the communication. This source is initially responsible for the success
of the message. The sender's experiences, attitudes, knowledge, skill,
18
perceptions, and culture influence the message. "The written words,
spoken words, and nonverbal language selected are paramount in
ensuring the receiver interprets the message as intended by the
sender" (Burnett & Dollar, 1989). All communication begins with the
sender.
The first step the sender is faced with involves the encoding
process. In order to convey meaning, the sender must begin encoding,
which means translating information into a message in the form of
symbols that represent ideas or concepts. This process translates the
ideas or concepts into the coded message that will be communicated.
The symbols can take on numerous forms such as, languages, words,
or gestures. These symbols are used to encode ideas into messages
that others can understand.
When encoding a message, the sender has to begin by deciding
what he/she wants to transmit. This decision by the sender is based on
what he/she believes about the receivers’ knowledge and assumptions,
along with what additional information he/she wants the receiver to
have. It is important for the sender to use symbols that are familiar to
the intended receiver.
A good way for the sender to improve encoding their message, is to
mentally visualize the communication from the receiver's point of
view.
To begin transmitting the message, the sender uses some kind of
channel (also called a medium). The channel is the means used to
convey the message. Most channels are either oral or written, but
currently visual channels are becoming more common as technology
expands. Common channels include the telephone and a variety of
written forms such as memos, letters, and reports. The effectiveness of
the various channels fluctuates depending on the characteristics of the
communication. For example, when immediate feedback is necessary,
oral communication channels are more effective because any
uncertainties can be cleared up on the spot. In a situation where the
message must be delivered to more than a small group of people,
written channels are often more effective. Although in many cases,
both oral and written channels should be used because one
supplements the other.

19
 If a sender relays a message through an inappropriate channel,
its message may not reach the right receivers. That is why senders
need to keep in mind that selecting the appropriate channel will
greatly assist in the effectiveness of the receiver's understanding. The
sender's decision to utilize either an oral or a written channel for
communicating a message is influenced by several factors. The sender
should ask him or herself different questions, so that they can select
the appropriate channel. Is the message urgent? Is immediate feedback
needed? Is documentation or a permanent record required? Is the
content complicated, controversial, or private? Is the message going to
someone inside or outside the organization? What oral and written
communication skills does the receiver possess? Once the sender has
answered all of these questions, they will be able to choose an
effective channel.
After the appropriate channel or channels are selected, the
message enters the decoding stage of the communication process.
Decoding is conducted by the receiver. Once the message is received
and examined, the stimulus is sent to the brain for interpreting, in
order to assign some type of meaning to it. It is this processing stage
that constitutes decoding. The receiver begins to interpret the symbols
sent by the sender, translating the message to their own set of
experiences in order to make the symbols meaningful. Successful
communication takes place when the receiver correctly interprets the
sender's message.
The receiver is the individual or individuals to whom the
message is directed. The extent to which this person comprehends the
message will depend on a number of factors, which include the
following: how much the individual or individuals know about the
topic, their receptivity to the message, and the relationship and trust
that exists between sender and receiver. All interpretations by the
receiver are influenced by their experiences, attitudes, knowledge,
skills, perceptions, and culture. It is similar to the sender's relationship
with encoding.
Feedback is the final link in the chain of the communication
process. After receiving a message, the receiver responds in some way
and signals that response to the sender. The signal may take the form
of a spoken comment, a long sigh, a written message, a smile, or some

20
other action. "Even a lack of response, is in a sense, a form of
response" (Bovee & Thill, 1992). Without feedback, the sender cannot
confirm that the receiver has interpreted the message correctly.
Feedback is a key component in the communication process
because it allows the sender to evaluate the effectiveness of the
message. Feedback ultimately provides an opportunity for the sender
to take corrective action to clarify a misunderstood message.
"Feedback plays an important role by indicating significant
communication barriers: differences in background, different
interpretations of words, and differing emotional reactions" (Bovee &
Thill, 1992).

Methods of Communication
The standard method of communication is verbal
communication which involves speaking or writing by a sender and
listening or reading the receiver. Most communication is oral, with
one party speaking and others listening.
However, some forms of communication do not directly involve
spoken or written language. Nonverbal communication (body
language) consists of actions, gestures, and other aspects of physical
appearance that, combined with facial expressions (such as smiling or
frowning), can be powerful means of transmitting messages. At times,
a person's body may be “talking” even as he or she maintains silence.
And when people do speak, their bodies may sometimes say different
things than their words convey. A mixed message occurs when a
person's words communicate one message, while nonverbally, he or
she is communicating something else.

Communication in Various Settings

1. Communication in Government Setting
The government refers to the institutions, the group of people,
the processes, and the authority that runs our society according to a set
of rules.
The processes of governing is summed up in the term
“governance”, or the exercise of power to guarantee the effective
participation of citizens in political decision-making and in economic
policy-making, manage and allocate resources, and ensure a workable,

21
acceptable and principled resolution of public disputes. Among the
attributes of good governance are transparency, accountability,
participatory leadership, efficiency, and a capacity for consensus-
building and conflict management.
It is easy to see that communication is essential to good
governance. A responsible and responsive government provides its
citizens with timely, accurate, clear, and complete information about
programs, services, and policies. It ensures that the institutions of
government are visible and accessible to the citizenry.

2. Communication in the Private Sector

The private sector refers to businesses and industries run by
individuals and companies rather than by the government. Most of
them aim to make profit from the services and goods they offer, but
some are run for non-profit purposes. Schools are part of the
economy’s private sector and these are usually non-profit institutions.
Large companies producing consumer goods usually have in-
house communication units and at the same time also engage external
advertising and public relations companies.

3. Civil Society
Civil society refers to the space for collective action around
shared interests, purposes and values, generally distinct from
government and commercial for-profit actors. Civil society includes
charities, development NGOs, community groups, women's
organizations, faithbased organizations, professional associations,
trade unions, social movements, coalitions and advocacy groups
(WHO).
Like the private sector, NGOs need to communicate to their
various audiences and stakeholders. They have to maintain their
visibility and ensure their influence or impact in the area of their
advocacy.

4. Communities and Schools

Communities are made up of people in constant communication
with each other. Through constant communication, communities are
able to share and foster not only a cultural identity –which includes a

22
common language and common cultural traditions-but is also a vision
of what is good for the community.

In schools, communication has the essential functions of

instruction and socialization. Additionally, communication in school
settings take place to inform, persuade and mobilize various
stakeholders such as parents, faculty and students.

Communication Channel
“A communication channel refers either to a physical transmission
medium such as a wire, or to a logical connection over a multiplexed
medium such as a radio channel in telecommunications and computer
networking. “
“A channel is used to convey an information signal, for example a
digital bit stream, from one or several senders (or transmitters) to one
or several receivers. “

Different communication media channels

A. Mass media – means technology that is intended to reach a

mass audience. It is the primary means of communication
used to reach the vast majority of the general public to
provide information regarding political issues, social issues,
entertainment, and news in pop culture.

The most common platforms for mass media are newspapers,

magazines, radio, television, and the Internet.

Evolution of Mass Media

1. Newspaper - The original platform for mass media is the

newspaper. For a long period of time, the general public relied on
local newspapers to provide them with the latest news in current
events.
2. Radio - Centuries later (1890), came the invention of the radio. The
radio soon replaced the newspaper as the most relevant source for
mass media. People would gather around the radio and listen to
their favorite radio station programs, latest news regarding politics,
social issues, and entertainment.
23
3. Television - The television would soon supersede the radio for the
most effective platform to reach the general public.
4. Internet - The Internet is the most pertinent form of mass media
today. Since the evolution of the Internet, it has become a major
tool for news outlets. The general public is now able to access
information in an instant with just a click of a mouse, instead of
having to wait for scheduled programs.

Characteristics of Mass Media

• Communication is mostly one way
• Audience has great deal of choice
• Reach large and vast audiences
• Aim messages to attract largest audience
possible
• Influence society and are, in turn,
influenced by society

B. New media and social media - The new media particularly

relates to the use of digital technology.

Examples:
• Social media sites, such as Facebook, Twitter, etc.
• The streaming of video and audio files, including both
commercial film and music and user-generated media
content (such as the videos on Youtube). •
Digital/satellite and “smart” television (especially those
that facilitate some interactivity).
• Computer games and particularly online gaming.
• Apps for mobile telephones and tablets.

C. Telecommunications - It involves sending messages or

information, as words, sounds, or images from one point to
another, usually over great distances, using electronic media–
the Internet, radio broadcasting, cable and satellite
transmissions, as well as wired and mobile phones. It is a
very important tool for businesses which enables companies
to communicate effectively to their customers and deliver
24
 good quality customer service. It also allows employees to
collaborate easily from wherever they are located, remote or
local.

Examples:
1. telephone network
2. the radio broadcasting system
3. computer networks
4. the Internet.

What’s More

Instructions: Identify the phrases in the box whether it is a

process or methods in communication. Write your answers in your
notebook.

Encoding Feedback
Verbal
Medium of transmission
Communication
Decoding Nonverbal
Communication

PROCESS METHODS
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.

What I Have Learned

On the importance of mass media, new media and social

media, and telecommunications.

25
 I have learned that _________________________________________

I have realized that

_________________________________________

I will apply ________________________________________________

What I Can Do
Using the graphic organizer below, differentiate the
communication media channels by giving specific settings and
situations where the communication media channels are used.

Communication
Media Channels

Telecommunica
Mass Media tions

New media
and social
media

Assessment

I. Modified Identification.

26
Directions: Read and understand each item carefully. Choose your
answers in the box and write the letter of your choice in your
notebook.

A. School Setting B. Encoding

C. Sender D. Nonverbal communication
E. Feedback F. Government Setting
G. Verbal communication H. Telecommunication
I. Mass Media J. Communication Process

___1. This means translating information into a message in the form

of symbols that represent ideas or concepts.
___2. It is the final link in the chain of the communication process.
___3. A method of communication which consists of actions, gestures
as means of transmitting messages.
___4. Involves speaking or writing by a sender and listening or
reading the receiver.
___5. It is the primary means of communication used to reach the vast
majority of the general public to provide information regarding
political issues, social issues, entertainment, and news in pop culture.
___6. It is the guide toward realizing effective communication.
___7. An individual, group, or organization who initiates the
communication.
___8. A setting wherein communication media channels are essential
to attain good governance.
___9. It involves sending messages or information, as words, sounds,
or images from one point to another, usually over great distances,
using electronic media.
___10. A setting wherein communication media channels are the
medium of instruction and socialization.

II. True or False.

Directions: Read the item carefully. Write T if the statement is true
and F if the statement is false. Write your answers in your notebook.
___11. Communication in school settings take place to inform,
persuade and mobilize various stakeholders such as parents, faculty
and students.

27
___12. Feedback ultimately provides an opportunity for the sender to
take corrective action to clarify a misunderstood message.
___13. For communication to happen, it is always in verbal form.
___14. Through constant communication, communities are able to
share and foster not only cultural identity but also a vision of what is
good for the community.
___15. Mass media can reach large and vast audiences.

Additional Activities
How do you communicate with your loved ones? Do you find it
easier to connect with them in today’s generation? Why do you say
so? Write your answer in your notebook.

References
Books
Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences by Ritchel B.Bernardo and Christian Ranche 1 st
Ed. / JFS Publishing Services, ISBN: 978-621415-005-2, pp.114-117.
Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences, Ma. Lourdes F. Melegrito, PhD, et. al, pages
210-218

Internet
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-mass-media-definition-types-influenceexamples.html
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/telecommunications Civil
Society
https://www.who.int/social_determinants/themes/civilsociety/en/#:~:text=Civil%20society%20 refers
%20to%20the,and%20commercial%20for%2Dprofit%20actors.

Process of Communication
Nick Sanchez
https://web.njit.edu/~lipuma/352comproc/comproc.htm#:~:text=The%20communication%20p rocess
%20is%20made,the%20sender%20and%20the%20receiver. Methods of Communication
https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/principles-of-management/communication-
andinterpersonal-skills/methods-of-
communication#:~:text=The%20standard%20methods%20of%20communication,party%20s peaking
%20and%20others%20listening.&text=A%20mixed%20message%20occurs%20whe n,she%20is
%20communicating%20something%20else.

28
 Disciplines and Ideas in
the Applied Social
Sciences
Quarter 4 – Module 3

Functions of Applied Social Sciences

What I Need to Know

29
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY
 Explain each of the functions of applied social sciences.
HUMSS_DIASS 12-llb-d-42
 Identify situations that would require or necessitate the
performance of the various functions in local /Philippine
settings.
HUMSS_DIASS 12-IIb-d-43

At the end of the module, you should be able to:

1. Familiarize the functions of applied social sciences
2. Recognize and respond situations that would require various
functions of applied social sciences in local settings.
3. Appreciate the positive impact of the functions of applied social
sciences in local settings.

In this modern day and age of profound human exploration, it is

but equally important to understand how we should take up space and
of purpose. This kind of purposeful thinking is made possible by the
use of social sciences, such as psychology, sociology and cultural
anthropology, which in turn helps sculpt great leaders. This kind of
sciences better equips people with social intelligence, cultural
understanding, and broader perspectives for careers in a variety of
fields. By possessing the aforementioned characteristics, students are
able to study society as a multi-faceted concept.
Social science scholars are apt in addressing and solving societal
challenges by integrating a number of disciplines which improves the
probability of arriving to a solution. As the application of social
sciences in everyday life is gaining traction, an increasing number of
educational institutions are looking into interdisciplinary forms of
instructions that make use of social sciences.

What I Know

30
Directions: Read each item carefully. Write the word TRUE if the
statement is correct and FALSE if it is wrong. Use your notebook to
write your answers.

_____1. The applied social sciences also allow us to understand better

and probe deeper into the different problems and issues
affecting an individual, group and society.
_____2. The surveillance function of the media refers to the
importance of the same mass media to national security.
_____3. Disaster risks cannot be prevented and mitigated through the
use of the applied social sciences.
_____4. Social media is not a powerful channel of communication.
_____5. The following are social workers’ roles in direct service:
social broker, enabler, therapist, documenter, and mobilizer.
_____6. Journalism’s first obligation is to the truth.
_____7. The applied social sciences can help persuade people to
change their beliefs, attitudes, and behavior.
_____8. Primary settings in social work practice include the schools,
hospitals, correlational facilities, human resource
departments, corporations, government planning
departments, and political offices.
_____9. Social work focuses only on individual and personal
problems.
_____10. The applied social sciences can introduce ways to achieve
long lasting peace through a practitioner’s knowledge and
application of the political processes that include peace-
building processes and conflict management mechanisms.
_____11. The impact of climate change to society and its overarching
effect on the Philippines can be easily understood through the
application of the social sciences.
_____12. Counseling allows us to understand one’s personality
including various problems and issues that may affect an
individual.
_____13. In business organizations and public relations organizations,
applied social scientists are important because they serve as
market research.
_____14. Entertainment-oriented programs are not important to
society.
31
_____15. The way we perceive or view things, people, events and our
environment is influenced by our values.

What’s In
Directions: Drill: FACT OR BLUFF on Communication Media
Channels.
1. Communication involves the giving and receiving information and
ideas.
2. Communication is not an interest based.
3. In mass media, audience are obliged to pay attention or give
feedbacks.
4. Blogging and social networking are the most prominent forms of
social media.
5. Mass media does not contain much of the sender, message, and
receiver.

What’s New

Direction: Write YES if the following sentences require the functions

of the applied sciences and NO if otherwise. Use your notebook for
your answers.

1. A student who has failing grades in science and math.

2. There is an increase on the number of street children in
Dumaguete City.
3. A student is not talking for almost a quarter in a class.
4. Mr. and Mrs. Cruz have a happy family.
5. Richard is assertive in his ideas and feelings in class in a nice
manner.

What is It
How can Applied Social Sciences help us?

32
Self-Development
- includes actions that affects the persons’ awareness and
identity.

12 Steps to Self-development:
➢ Self-esteem
➢ Wellness
➢ Communications
➢ Relationships
➢ Sense of Humor
➢ Attitude
➢ Assertiveness
➢ Job Skills
➢ Excellence
➢ Self-management
➢ Creativity
➢ Leadership

Persuasion
- can attempt to influence a person’s beliefs, attitudes, intention,
motivation or behaviors.
- It is a symbolic process in which communicators try to convince
other people to change their attitudes or behavior regarding an
issue through the transmission of a message in an atmosphere of
free choice.

Arts and Entertainment

- is a form of activity that holds the attention and interest of an
audience or gives pleasure and delight.

Education
- is a process by which children and adults learn more from
others.
- preparation for social praxis in the present and emerging
contexts in as much as it is an essential means to economic and
human capital development for individuals and communities.
News and Information

33
 - is a packaged information about current events happening
somewhere else.

Organizing Advocacy and Mobilization

- Advocacy groups uses various forms of advocacy to influence
public opinion policy.

Socialization
- Is a powerful driver of development.

- It is a symbolic process in which communicators try to convince

other people to change their attitudes or behavior regarding an
issue through the transmission of a message in an atmosphere of
free choice.

The Function of Socialization in Social Evolution

By the cognitive aspect in socialization is meant not only the
creation and modification of group and personal opinion, but also the
use and improvement of social and individual technique, a function of
the mental interaction of the members of the group. The fund of
knowledge of the group, its proverbs, its creed, and its theory; the
technical equipment of the group, its tools, its weapons, its medical
remedies, and its types of skill; its approved ways of doing things, its
standards, and its ideals are all social developments in the knowledge
phase of life. Before entering into an analysis of the function of
intellectual development in the socialization of the person, we shall
consider the role that socialization in the noetic phase has played in
human experience and how far this evolution in the intellectual side of
life multiplies the social spirit, or facilitates and rationalizes its
expression.
The cognitive aspect of consciousness in its growth, not only (a)
is closely dependent upon socialization, but (b) has played a role of
increasing importance in promoting the socializing process. The
development of the art of language, so obviously at once effect and
cause of social interrelations, made possible [1] abstraction and the
evolution of the higher forms of reasoning out of the germ present in
perception. The invention of writing and of the printing-press, feasible
only because [2] of the existence of a leisure class in a stable social

34
order, facilitated the communication between the minds of every age,
thereby inestimably promoting the accumulation, criticism, and the
diffusion of knowledge.

What’s More

Direction: “Picture Analysis”: Identify the picture whether

the functions of applied social sciences are “NEEDED” or “NOT
NEEDED”. Justify. Write your answers in your notebook.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F
%2Fwebstockreview.net%2Fimage%2Fbedroom-clipart-
untidy
%2F2366090.html&psig=AOvVaw3G0At0a2clPb3jgTicBiA&ust=15
96979919419000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTC
Mi_6M3oi-sCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAQ

35
1. ____________ 2. _______________ 3. _______________

4._________________ 5.____________________

What I Have Learned

Directions: Analyze the picture below and answer the question. Write
it in your notebook.

36
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F
%2Fwww.jacobimages.com%2F2014%2F12%2Fhighlights-from-a-
steady2014&psig=AOvVaw1wcMaInlwauulBbR7IwxFS&ust=15969
82935350000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCPj
HzK3ni-sCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAJ

Processing Questions:
1. As senior high school student, what can you contribute to lessen
the social issues in your community?
2. If you were in this situation, how are you going to deal with the
problem encountered?
3. How can you apply the things you have learned in the school to
solve the problem in your community?

What I Can Do
A. Directions: Reflect on the song entitled “Estudyante
Blues” by Freddie Aguilar. Answer the questions that follow
and write it in your notebook.

37
 Estudyante Blues
By: Freddie Aguilar
Ako ang nakikita, Ako ang nasisisi, Ako ang laging may kasalanan
Paggising sa umaga, Sermon ang almusal, Bago pumasok sa eskwela
Kapag nangangatwiran, Ako'y pagagalitan, 'Di ko alam ang gagawin
Ako'y sunud-sunuran, Ayaw man lang pakinggan, Nasasaktan ang
damdamin
Ako'y walang Kalayaan, Sunod sa utos lamang
Pag-galing sa eskwela, Diretso na ng bahay
Wala naman akong aabutan, Wala doon si Nanay
Wala doon si Tatay, Katulong ang naghihintay

Tatawag ang barkada, Sa kanila'y sasama, Lagot na naman bata ka

Kapag nangangatwiran, Ako'y pagagalitan
'Di ko alam ang gagawin, Ako'y walang
kalayaan Sunod sa utos lamang, Ako
ang nakikita
Ako ang nasisisi, Ako ang laging may kasalanan
Pag-gising…

Processing Questions:
1.What is the song all about?
2.How do you relate yourself to this song?
3.How can you address those problems through counseling, social
work and communication?

Assessment

Directions: Read each item carefully. Write the word TRUE if the
statement is correct and FALSE if it is wrong. Use your notebook to
write your answers.

_____1. The applied social sciences also allow us to understand better

and probe deeper into the different problems and issues
affecting an individual, group and society.
_____2. The surveillance function of the media refers to the
importance of the same mass media to national security.

38
_____3. Disaster risks cannot be prevented and mitigated through the
use of the applied social sciences.
_____4. Social media is not a powerful channel of communication.
_____5. The following are social workers’ roles in direct service:
social broker, enabler, therapist, documenter, and mobilizer.
_____6. Journalism’s first obligation is to the truth.
_____7. The applied social sciences can help persuade people to
change their beliefs, attitudes and behavior.
_____8. Primary settings in social work practice include the schools,
hospitals, correlational facilities, human resource departments,
corporations, government planning departments, and political
offices.
_____9. Social work focuses only on individual and personal problems.
_____10. The applied social sciences can introduce ways to achieve
long lasting peace through a practitioner’s knowledge and
application of the political processes that include peace-
building processes and conflict management mechanisms.
_____11. The impact of climate change to society and its overarching
effect on the Philippines can be easily understood through the
application of the social sciences.
_____12. Counseling allows us to understand one’s personality
including various problems and issues that may affect an
individual.
_____13. In business organizations and public relations organizations,
applied social scientists are important because they serve as
market research.
_____14. Entertainment-oriented programs are not important to
society.
_____15. The way we perceive or view things, people, events and our
environment is influenced by our values.

39
 Disciplines and Ideas in
the Applied Social
Sciences
Quarter 4 – Module 4

Effects of Applied Social Sciences

Processes

What I Need to Know

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY

40
 ➢ analyze the effects of applied social sciences processes on
individuals, groups, and society (HUMSS_DIASS 12-IIe-f-44)
➢ evaluate the effects of certain program or projects on
knowledge, attitude, and behavior of individuals, groups, and
society (HUMSS_DIASS 12-IIe-i-45)
➢ synthesize the learning from the course and its applications to
the learner (HUMSS_DIASS 12-IIj-46)

At the end of the module, you should be able to:

K Identify the effects of applied social sciences processes on

: individuals, groups, and society;

S Cite certain programs or projects in your community which

: has an impact on your knowledge, attitude, and behavior
towards other individuals, groups, and society; and
A Value the importance to know the effects of applied social
: sciences processes.

What I Know
Directions:
✓ Before the chapter study. Read and understand each item carefully.
✓ Answer whether you agree or disagree with the statement. Put
check mark (√) if you agree and (X) if you disagree.
✓ Answer directly on your notebook.

Statements √ or X

41
1. Attitude and value change are not one
of the effects of applied social sciences
processes.
2. Through the applied social sciences,
people have developed ways to
understand one’s self and the other people
around.
3. Counseling allows us to understand
one’s personality including various
problems and issues that may affect an
individual.
4. “Bahala na habit” always has a
negative implication.
5. Through media, people became more
aware on the different issues faced by the
country.
6. Social workers provide people affected
by disaster training on how to become
vulnerable to hazards on what they should
do before, during, after a disaster.
7. Risks of disasters can be prevented and
mitigated through the use of the applied
social sciences because it can provide us
information on what to do when disasters
happen in a community.
8. Disaster risk reduction is not a
completely individual effort as it can also
be fostered by social networks.
9. Earthquake drill does not prepare you
to make the most appropriate decisions to
ensure your safety during earthquake.
10. The applied social sciences allow us
to understand various social phenomena
and because of this, people can make
significant changes in their attitudes and
values to prevent the occurrence of
various natural and social problems.
42
 What’s In

Applied social sciences have different functions that

include Self development, Persuasion, Arts and Entertainment,
Education, News and Information, Organizing, Advocacy, and
Mobilization and Socialization which can be used in different
careers.

What’s New
Directions:
“Take a few minutes to reflect on your personal experience with any
service of social science practitioners and any function of applied
social sciences. How has counseling, social work, communication
channel, or any of the functions in society affected your personal life?
Or how has it influenced your life as a student?”

What is It

Effects of Applied Social Sciences Processes

The applied social sciences have various effects in our lives. Some
of these are discussed as follows:

➢ Awareness and knowledge: i.e., Social Media

✓ Social Media
Positive
Impact
- you can communicate to your friends fast over the internet
- you can search nearly anything online
- you can purchase products online which makes it easier,
can save time, money and effort. Negative Impact

43
 - creates a generation barrier where different generations
can rarely
communicate
- makes people vulnerable to hackers, viruses and identity
thefts

Social Media is just like a HALF GLASS of water. It depends on us

what we see. In other words, it’s a matter of choice on how we use it.

https://tinyurl.com/y5sn4us2

Through the applied social sciences, people have developed

ways to understand one’s self and the other people around.
Counseling allows us to understand one’s personality including
various problems and issues that may affect an individual. The
applied social sciences also allow us to understand better and probe
deeper into the different problems and issues affecting an individual,
group, and society through social work.
Social work provides awareness and understanding of
community organizing issue and mobilization. They also inform
communities about the important political, social, and economic issue
that is affecting them. Trainings conducted by social workers on
community capacity building provide members with successful
strategies and skills for personal and community development.
The applied social sciences, particularly communication helped
people to become more discerning about the problems of country.
Television, radio, and newspaper provide people information on the
different issues faced by the country. Through media, people also
became more aware of the social realities.

➢ Attitude and value change: i.e., disaster risk reduction and the
bahala na habit
✓ Disaster Risk Reduction
44
 - People’s perceptions of natural, spiritual, and social
phenomena are socially constructed.
- Disaster risk reduction is not a completely individual effort
as it can also be fostered by social networks.

✓ The Bahala na Habit

It’s a habit of Filipinos to say it especially when they don’t
have a choice left to gain that boosts their ego to do something
that you need, and most of the times it is effective.

Positiveness of “Bahala Na”

- highlighting one’s courage to willingly face difficulty and
possible failure
- it leads to hope, optimism, self-efficacy, and courage
- willing to accept responsibilities in situations which he
cannot control
- unstructured situations where the person has to have a
strong sense of pakiramdam as well

Negativeness of “Bahala Na”

- For some, it may just be a lame excuse to do nothing
- a sign of laziness for some students who refuse to prepare
for upcoming exams out of fear or laziness.

In summary, “bahala na” mentality has two meaning among

Filipinos. For hardworking Filipino, this mentality reflects an
optimistic attitude that good things will come since they have done
their best. If not, they will not worry so much about the result. The
attitude revolves around a healthy dose of faith in God and a realistic
acceptance that life is not perfect.
The applied social sciences allow us to understand various
social phenomena and because of this, people can make significant
changes in their attitudes and values to prevent the occurrence of
various natural and social problems.
Example, risks of disasters can be prevented and mitigated
through the use of the applied social sciences because it can provide
us information on what to do when disasters happen in a community.
Community social workers provide people with information that can
45
help them to make important attitude and value changes so that the
impact of disasters can be reduced.
Another example is the impact of climate change to society and
its overarching effects on our country has become clearer and can
easily be understood through the information communication to us by
media. Disasters, climate change, and its other adverse effects are
now clear to society because it has been effectively discussed and
communicated in different forms of media like, television. radio,
internet, and social media. Applied social scientists can communicate
to the people impact of these social environmental phenomena
through their understanding of the interaction of society, culture, and
environment. Because of our knowledge of climate change, people
have developed a new perspective and change of attitudes and values
about the importance of climate change.
Social workers provide people affected by disaster training on
how to become vulnerable to hazards on what they should do before,
during, after a disaster. These trainings and programs that were done
and implemented by applied social sciences practitioners changed the
people’s attitudes, values, and ideas towards disasters. Through the
help of social workers, people affected by disasters become more
resilient and prepared in times of disasters.

What’s More

SELF-EVALUATION!
Directions.
1.You will write in your notebook your most significant learning
about the topic discussed.
2.You are going to evaluate the learning you have gained from the
topic discussed where:
“5” as the highest “1” as the lowest
(5 – outstanding to 1 – poor or no learning at all)

Most Significant Learning Rating

46
 (write your understanding
regarding the effects of
applied social sciences
processes on individuals,
groups, and society here)

(cite certain programs or

projects in your community
(barangay/town), explain the
program or project and its
impact on your knowledge,
attitude, and behavior towards
other individuals, groups, and
in your society)

(write the importance of

knowing the effects of applied
social sciences processes and
its application in your lives)

What I Have Learned

Directions.
1.Reflect on yourself after studying this chapter.
2.Copy and answer the following in your notebook.

I have learned that ________________

_________________________
.

I have realized that ________________

________________________
_.

I will apply _____________

___________________________________
.

47
“EXIT SHARING”
Directions.
1.After studying the course, Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied
Social Sciences, you will write your thoughts and learnings in color
coded papers.
GREEN: Best Learning
YELLOW: Best Feelings
WHITE: Personal Realizations
ORANGE: Further Questions
2.Each paper must contain at least 3 paragraphs and must contain not
less than 300 words.
3.Your performance will be graded using the rubrics for individual
work attached below.
4.Note: 5% of the total score will be automatically deducted if your
essay is less than 300 words.

INDIVIDUAL WORK RUBRICS

Exemplar Sufficient 3 Minimal Beginning 1
y 4 points points 2 points point
Reflection Critically Active and Makes use of Automatic/super
on reviews careful existing f icial responses
Existing existing consideration of knowledge with little
Knowledge knowledge, existing without an conscious
questions knowledge and attempt to thought or
assumptions, articulates new evaluate/apprais reference to
and articulates understanding of e knowledge; existing
new knowledge as a demonstrates knowledge;
perspectives as result of understanding responses are
a experience but does not offered without
result of relate to other attempting to
experience experiences or understand them
personal
reaction
Connection Demonstrates Demonstrates Connects Connections are
to superior clear connections experience with not drawn

48
Academic connection between class content between
Concepts between experience and (concepts/theori experience and
experience and class content e s) but remains class content
class content (concepts/theori superficial or (concepts/theori
(concepts/theor es); evidence of abstract es) or literature
ies ) and application of
literature; theory.
evidence of
application of
theory and
reconstruction
of perspective
Evidence Articulates Articulates new Limited/superfi No evidence of
of transformation understanding/in cial insight insights about
Developme of their sights about self about self or self or particular
nt perspective of or particular particular issue/concept/
themselves or issue/concept/ issue/concept/ problem as a
about a problem as a problem as a result of
particular result of result of experience
issue/concept/ experience experience
problem as a
result of
experience
Clarity Consistently Mostly detailed Some words are Consistently
accurate and and mostly clear inaccurate or inaccurate or
clear wording writing and ambiguous. ambiguous
and sentence sentence Confusing wording,
structure. structure. sentence confusing
structure. sentence
structure.
Adapted from: https://brocku.ca/pedagogical-innovation/wp-
content/uploads/sites/53/Critical-Reflection-Rubric.pdf

What I Can Do

Directions.
✓ Do you think applied social sciences processes have effects to
individuals, groups, and society? Put a check mark  on the
column if you think that it has an effect to individuals, groups, and
society.
✓ Copy and answer on your notebook.
49
 Does it have an Does it have Does it
Applied Social effect on the an effect on have an
Sciences individual/person? groups/ effect on
Processes communities? the
society?
1. Counseling
2. Social Work
3. Communication

Assessment

Directions:
✓ After the chapter study. Read and understand each item carefully.
✓ Answer whether you agree or disagree with the statement. Put
check mark (√) if you agree and (X) if you disagree.
✓ Answer directly in your notebook.

Statements √ or X
1. Attitude and value change is not one of the effects of
applied social sciences processes.
2. Through the applied social sciences, people have
developed ways to understand one’s self and the other
people around.
3. Counseling allows us to understand one’s personality
including various problems and issues that may affect an
individual.
4. “Bahala na habit” always has a negative implication.
5. Through media, people became more aware on the
different issues faced by the country.

50
6. Social workers provide people affected by disaster
training on how to become vulnerable to hazards on what
they should do before, during, after a disaster.
7. Risks of disasters can be prevented and mitigated
through the use of the applied social sciences because it
can provide us information on what to do when disasters
happen in a community.
8. Disaster risk reduction is not a completely individual
effort as it can also be fostered by social networks.
9. Earthquake drill does not prepares you to make the
most appropriate decisions to ensure your safety during
earthquake.
10. The applied social sciences allows us to understand
various social phenomena and because of this , people can
make significant changes in their attitudes and values to
prevent the occurrence of various natural and social
problems.

Glossary

The following terms used in this module are defined as follows:

Attitude - a feeling or emotion toward a fact or state

Awareness - knowledge and understanding that something is
happening or exists
Bahala na Habit - it can mean” living it all up to God”, “come what
may”, “whatever be will be”.
Disaster - a sudden calamitous event bringing great damage, loss, or
destruction
Disaster Risk Reduction - aims to reduce the damage caused by
natural hazards like earthquakes, floods, droughts and
cyclones, through an ethic of prevention
Impact - a significant or major effect
Knowledge - the fact or condition of having information or of being
learned

51
Social Media - forms of electronic communication such as websites
through which users create online communities to share
information, ideas, personal messages, and other content (such
as videos)
References

WEBSITES
https://prezi.com/r3ltyf4rcjui/applied-social-sciences/ accessed August 5, 2020.

https://www.scribd.com/document/370042062/Effects-of-Applied-Social-Science accessed
August 8, 2020.

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary, accessed August 8, 2020.

52